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Journal articles on the topic 'Pyridine Biodegradation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Zhang, Yongming, Ling Chang, Ning Yan, Yingxia Tang, Rui Liu, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "UV Photolysis for Accelerating Pyridine Biodegradation." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es404399t.

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2

Feng, Qilin, Jue Wang, Xuechun Wei, Zhou Wan, Chenxu Zhou, Jianhua Xiong, Guoning Chen, and Hongxiang Zhu. "Cellulose-Assisted Loading to Construct a Photocatalytic Coupled Microbial System for Pyridine Removal." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 16, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2022.2203.

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Pyridine is a typical nitrogen-containing organic compound, which is encountered in wastewaters. Due to their hazardous effects on ecosystems and human health, their removal is imperative. In this study, photocatalysis and biodegradation were combined to degrade pyridine. TiO2 was used as the photocatalyst. To help the catalysts coating, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was added to the catalyst dispersion system, and the performance of intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) for pyridine degradation was evaluated under visible light conditions. The effects of related parameters including carrier dosage, light intensity, initial concentration, and pH on the degradation of pyridine were investigated. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of pyridine was the highest under the optimal conditions of carrier dosage of 5%, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, the light intensity of 1000 Lux, and pH of 6. Cyclic degradation is necessary, and the cycle performance of the system will provide a more sufficient reference for a system to degrade pyridine.

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3

Ronen, Z., and J. M. Bollag. "Biodegradation of Pyridine and Pyridine Derivatives by Soil and Subsurface Microorganisms." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 59, no. 2-4 (April 1995): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067319508041323.

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4

Sims, Gerald K., and Lee E. Sommers. "Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil suspensions." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5, no. 6 (June 1986): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050601.

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5

Rhee, Sung-Keun, Sung-Taik Lee, Ki-Young Lee, and Jae-Chun Chung. "Degradation of pyridine by Nocardioides sp. strain OS4 isolated from the oxic zone of a spent shale column." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-028.

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A pyridine-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from the oxic zone of a spent shale column. The microorganism was an aerobic and pleomorphic coryneform bacterium with LL-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. On the basis of its phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain was identified as Nocardioides sp. strain OS4. The pyridine was completely degraded and the growth yield was 0.30 g cell/g pyridine. Strain OS4 metabolized pyridine in an inducible manner and released a pigment that has maximum absorbance at 400 nm during the pyridine degradation. This strain also degraded some compounds of the basic fraction of retort water and various other aromatic compounds.Key words: pyridine, biodegradation, Nocardioides sp., retort water.

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6

Mudliar, S. N., K. V. Padoley, P. Bhatt, M. Sureshkumar, S. K. Lokhande, R. A. Pandey, and A. N. Vaidya. "Pyridine biodegradation in a novel rotating rope bioreactor." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 5 (March 2008): 1044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.039.

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7

Lodha, Bharat, Rohini Bhadane, Bhavesh Patel, and Deepak Killedar. "Biodegradation of pyridine by an isolated bacterial consortium/strain and bio-augmentation of strain into activated sludge to enhance pyridine biodegradation." Biodegradation 19, no. 5 (January 29, 2008): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-008-9176-4.

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8

Zhu, Ge, Feifei Xing, Jinzhao Tao, Songyun Chen, Ke Li, Lifeng Cao, Ning Yan, Yongming Zhang, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Synergy of strains that accelerate biodegradation of pyridine and quinoline." Journal of Environmental Management 285 (May 2021): 112119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112119.

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9

Li, Jiwu, Weijiang Cai, and Jingjing Cai. "The characteristics and mechanisms of pyridine biodegradation by Streptomyces sp." Journal of Hazardous Materials 165, no. 1-3 (June 15, 2009): 950–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.079.

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10

Lee, S. T., S. K. Rhee, and G. M. Lee. "Biodegradation of pyridine by freely suspended and immobilized Pimelobacter sp." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 41, no. 6 (August 1, 1994): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050194.

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11

Padoley, K. V., A. S. Rajvaidya, T. V. Subbarao, and R. A. Pandey. "Biodegradation of pyridine in a completely mixed activated sludge process." Bioresource Technology 97, no. 10 (July 2006): 1225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.05.020.

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12

Lee, S. T., S. K. Rhee, and G. M. Lee. "Biodegradation of pyridine by freely suspended and immobilized Pimelobacter sp." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 41, no. 6 (August 1994): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00167280.

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13

Meng, Xiao Jun, Yu Xiu Zhang, Rong Jia, Xia Li, Tuan Yao Chai, and Yun He Wang. "Isolation and Characterization of the Phenol Degradation Bacterium Diaphorobacter P2 Strain from Coking Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2296.

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A aerobic bacterium strain P2 isolated from coking wastewater, was able to utilize phenol, o-cresol and pyridine as its sole carbon and energy source. The morphological properties and the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed strain P2 belonged to the genus Diaphorobacter sp.. The optimum biodegradation of phenol was 37°C, pH 7.0-9.0 and 0.25% NaCl , respectively. The growth arrearage period was prolonged with the phenol concentration. The growth of Diaphorobacter P2 and phenol-degradation were inhibited completely by 50 μmol/L metal ions, such as Cu2 +, Ni2+, Cd2+ or Cr6+. Orthogonal experiment indicated the order of metal toxicity to biodegradation of P2 was Zn2+>Mn2+>Pb2+ under various heavy-metal compounds. The phenol biodegradation in coking wastewater supplemented with 2/3 beef extract peptone medium was degraded fully in 3 days, indicating that nutrient solution was beneficial for P2 growth and phenol degradation in wastewater. Those results suggest that the Diaphorobacter P2 has potential for treatment of coking wastewater.

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14

Shen, Jinyou, Xin Zhang, Dan Chen, Xiaodong Liu, and Lianjun Wang. "Characteristics of pyridine biodegradation by a novel bacterial strain,Rhizobiumsp. NJUST18." Desalination and Water Treatment 53, no. 7 (June 2, 2014): 2005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.915585.

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15

Adav, Sunil S., Duu-Jong Lee, and N. Q. Ren. "Biodegradation of pyridine using aerobic granules in the presence of phenol." Water Research 41, no. 13 (July 2007): 2903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.03.038.

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16

Rajput, Manish Singh, and B. N. Mishra. "Biodegradation of pyridine raffinate using bacterial laccase isolated from garden soil." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 17 (January 2019): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2018.10.020.

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17

Bai, Yaohui, Qinghua Sun, Cui Zhao, Donghui Wen, and Xiaoyan Tang. "Simultaneous biodegradation of pyridine and quinoline by two mixed bacterial strains." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 82, no. 5 (April 2009): 963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-1892-0.

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18

Lu, Qinyuan, Yongming Zhang, Naiyu Li, Yue Tang, Chenyuan Zhang, Wenyi Wang, Junqing Zhou, Fu Chen, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Using ultrasonic treated sludge to accelerate pyridine and p-nitrophenol biodegradation." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 153 (September 2020): 105051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105051.

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19

Liu, Xiaodong, Shijing Wu, Dejin Zhang, Jinyou Shen, Weiqing Han, Xiuyun Sun, Jiansheng Li, and Lianjun Wang. "Simultaneous pyridine biodegradation and nitrogen removal in an aerobic granular system." Journal of Environmental Sciences 67 (May 2018): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.016.

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20

Xu, Hua, Weihua Sun, Ning Yan, Danni Li, Xueqi Wang, Tingting Yu, Yongming Zhang, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Competition for electrons between pyridine and quinoline during their simultaneous biodegradation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 32 (September 18, 2017): 25082–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0082-3.

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21

Oprea, Stefan, Violeta Otilia Potolinca, Petronela Gradinariu, and Veronica Oprea. "Biodegradation of pyridine-based polyether polyurethanes by the Alternaria tenuissima fungus." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135, no. 14 (December 5, 2017): 46096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.46096.

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22

Zhang, Yanting, Junbin Ji, Siqiong Xu, Hongmei Wang, Biao Shen, Jian He, Jiguo Qiu, and Qing Chen. "Biodegradation of Picolinic Acid by Rhodococcus sp. PA18." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 11, 2019): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9051006.

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Picolinic acid (PA), a C2-carboxylated pyridine derivative, is a significant intermediate used in industrial production. PA is considered hazardous for the environment and human health. In this study, a Gram-positive bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. PA18, which aerobically utilizes PA as a source of carbon and energy, was isolated. The strain completely degraded 100 mg/L PA within 24 h after induction and formed 6-hydroxypicolinic acid (6HPA), a major PA metabolite, which was identified using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography/time of flight-mass spectrometry analyses. The cell-free extracts converted the PA into 6HPA when phenazine methosulfate was used as an electron acceptor. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that PA can be metabolized by Rhodococcus. In conclusion, Rhodococcus sp. PA18 may be potentially used for the bioremediation of environments polluted with PA.

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23

Sergeeva, A. A., G. V. Ovechkina, and A. Yu Maksimov. "Pyridine Degradation by Suspensions and Biofilms of Achromobacter pulmonis PNOS and Burkholderia dolosa BOS Strains Isolated from Activated Sludge of Sewage Treatment Plants." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 2 (2020): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-2-86-98.

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Bacterial strains capable of degradation of 0.8-15.8 g/1 pyridine hydrochloride have been isolated from activated sludge of municipal biological treatment plants in Perm (BOS) and local treatment facilities of the LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez enterprise (PNOS). The strains were identified as Achromobacter pulmonis and Burkholderia dolosa. The optimal pyridine concentration for the growth of the isolated strains was 4.0 g/1. The pyridine degradation during the A. pulmonis PNOS and B. dolosa BOS cultivation on a medium with ammonium chloride and glucose and without additional nitrogen or carbon sources was studied. It was shown that the strains are able to accumulate biomass in a medium with pyridine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source; the addition of glucose to the medium (1 g/L) accelerated the pyridine degradation by A. pulmonis PNOS, but inhibited the process carried out by B. dolosa BOS. B. dolosa BOS and A. pulmonis PNOS biofilms efficiently utilized pyridine during growth on basalt and carbon fibers; the highest rate of pyridine utilization (1.8 g /(L day)) was observed in A. pulmonis PNOS biofilms on basalt fibers. pyridine, biodegradation, activated sludge, biofilms, Achromobacter pulmonis, Burkholderia dolosa The authors grateful to Dr. I.I. Tchaikovsky, Head of the Laboratory of Geology of Mineral Deposits of the Mining Institute, a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, for help with electron microscopy of the samples. This work was carried out as part of a state assignment on the topic « Study of the Functional and Species Diversity of Microorganisms Useful for Ecocenoses and Human Practical Activity», registration number R&D AAAA-A19-119112290008-4.

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24

Nikel, Pablo I., Danilo Pérez-Pantoja, and Víctor de Lorenzo. "Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenases enable redox balance ofPseudomonas putidaduring biodegradation of aromatic compounds." Environmental Microbiology 18, no. 10 (July 24, 2016): 3565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13434.

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25

Ghannoum, Abdul Rahman, Zarook M. Shareefdeen, and Ali Elkamel. "Some remarks on the evaluation of m-cresol and pyridine biodegradation kinetics." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 19, no. 4 (2017): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2017.085161.

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26

Ghannoum, Abdul Rahman, Zarook M. Shareefdeen, and Ali Elkamel. "Some remarks on the evaluation of m-cresol and pyridine biodegradation kinetics." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 19, no. 4 (2017): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2017.10005552.

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27

Lu, Qinyuan, Chenyuan Zhang, Wenyi Wang, Biyue Yuan, Yongming Zhang, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Bioavailable electron donors leached from leaves accelerate biodegradation of pyridine and quinoline." Science of The Total Environment 654 (March 2019): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.129.

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28

Yao, Haiyan, Yuan Ren, Xiuqiong Deng, and Chaohai Wei. "Dual substrates biodegradation kinetics of m-cresol and pyridine by Lysinibacillus cresolivorans." Journal of Hazardous Materials 186, no. 2-3 (February 2011): 1136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.118.

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29

Shi, Hefei, Xinbai Jiang, Dan Chen, Yang Li, Cheng Hou, Lianjun Wang, and Jinyou Shen. "BiVO4/FeOOH semiconductor-microbe interface for enhanced visible-light-driven biodegradation of pyridine." Water Research 187 (December 2020): 116464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116464.

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30

Mathur, Anil Kumar, C. B. Majumder, Shamba Chatterjee, and Partha Roy. "Biodegradation of pyridine by the new bacterial isolates S. putrefaciens and B. sphaericus." Journal of Hazardous Materials 157, no. 2-3 (September 2008): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.112.

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31

Shen, Jinyou, Xin Zhang, Dan Chen, Xiaodong Liu, Libin Zhang, Xiuyun Sun, Jiansheng Li, Huiping Bi, and Lianjun Wang. "Kinetics study of pyridine biodegradation by a novel bacterial strain, Rhizobium sp. NJUST18." Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 37, no. 6 (January 16, 2014): 1185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-013-1089-x.

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32

Tang, Yingxia, Yongming Zhang, Ning Yan, Rui Liu, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "The role of electron donors generated from UV photolysis for accelerating pyridine biodegradation." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 112, no. 9 (June 30, 2015): 1792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.25605.

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33

Wang, Zixing, Xiaochen Xu, Fenglin Yang, Zhongxia Tan, and Jie Chen. "Biodegradability of some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds and co-degradation with phenol by denitrifiers in anoxic sludge reactor." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 3 (April 30, 2015): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.036.

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Phenol and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) are typical organic pollutants in coal gasification wastewater which are difficult to deal with. Unlike phenol, the stable molecular structure of NHCs make them nearly impossible to degrade under aerobic or anaerobic condition. In this paper, biodegradation of phenol and NHCs as carbon sources for denitrification was studied in a laboratory-scale anoxic reactor. Denitrifiers could degrade 490 mg/L phenol and 321.5 mg/L NO3−-N within 12 hours with removal efficiencies of 99.8% and 99.6%, respectively. The inhibition of pyridine on the microbes could be reduced by adding phenol into influent and the experimental results showed that pyridine could be degraded as the sole carbon source with the maximum organic loading rate of 4.38 mg/(g MLSS·h) (MLSS: mixed liquor suspended solids). When phenol was included as a growth substrate, the degradation performance of quinoline and pyrrole was improved due to co-degradation, and removal rate of NHCs increased according with increment of phenol in influent.

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34

Sun, Guoping, Junfeng Wan, Yichen Sun, Yunfei Xie, Shengtao Ren, and Yan Wang. "Enhanced biodegradation of pyridine using sequencing batch biofilm reactor under intermittent micro-aerobic condition." Environmental Technology 41, no. 8 (September 12, 2018): 1034–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1518995.

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35

Banerji, Shankha K., and T. P. Regmi. "Biodegradation of the chelator 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) used for soil metal extraction." Waste Management 18, no. 5 (August 1998): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(98)00077-4.

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36

Lin, Qiao, Wen Donghui, and Wang Jianlong. "Biodegradation of pyridine by Paracoccus sp. KT-5 immobilized on bamboo-based activated carbon." Bioresource Technology 101, no. 14 (July 2010): 5229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.059.

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37

De Sotto, R. B., K. I. Kim, S. Kim, K. G. Song, and Y. Park. "Identification of metabolites produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the presence of amlodipine orotate using metabolomics." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 7 (June 20, 2015): 1140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.317.

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Pharmaceuticals are very useful in treating human diseases but they are excreted to the environment sometimes in their original form or as byproducts of human metabolism. Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites have been proven by studies to be harmful to non-target ecological species and may be persistent in different water matrices. In this regard, there is an emergent need to eliminate these compounds to prevent their adverse effects on aquatic species. Biodegradation using white-rot fungi is a promising technology for the removal of recalcitrant compounds; however, products of fungal biodegradation can also be detrimental. In this novel study, we evaluated the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade amlodipine, an anti-hypertensive drug which was recently found in water systems. Analysis of amlodipine metabolites was done using quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after the degradation set-up of 120 hours. Pharmaceutical degradation was seen using triple quadrupole liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Ninety-two significant metabolites (P-value ≤ 0.05) were significantly expressed after false discovery rate adjustment at a significance threshold of q = 0.05. Pyridine derivatives which were identified from samples became the basis of the proposed degradation pathway of amlodipine in this study.

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38

Shen, Jinyou, Yan Chen, Shijing Wu, Haobo Wu, Xiaodong Liu, Xiuyun Sun, Jiansheng Li, and Lianjun Wang. "Enhanced pyridine biodegradation under anoxic condition: The key role of nitrate as the electron acceptor." Chemical Engineering Journal 277 (October 2015): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.109.

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39

Shi, Jingxin, Chunyan Xu, Yuxing Han, and Hongjun Han. "Enhanced anaerobic biodegradation efficiency and mechanism of quinoline, pyridine, and indole in coal gasification wastewater." Chemical Engineering Journal 361 (April 2019): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.162.

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40

Tomar, Sachin Kumar, Rajneesh Kumar, and Saswati Chakraborty. "Simultaneous biodegradation of pyridine, indole, and ammonium along with phenol and thiocyanate by aerobic granular sludge." Journal of Hazardous Materials 422 (January 2022): 126861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126861.

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41

Kim, M. K., I. Singleton, C. R. Yin, Z. X. Quan, M. Lee, and S. T. Lee. "Influence of phenol on the biodegradation of pyridine by freely suspended and immobilized Pseudomonas putida MK1." Letters in Applied Microbiology 42, no. 5 (May 2006): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01910.x.

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42

Rhee, S. K., G. M. Lee, and S. T. Lee. "Influence of a supplementary carbon source on biodegradation of pyridine by freely suspended and immobilizedPimelobacter sp." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 44, no. 6 (February 1996): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00178624.

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43

Nie, Zimeng, Binghua Yan, Yunhai Xu, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, and Haijun Yang. "Characterization of pyridine biodegradation by two Enterobacter sp. strains immobilized on Solidago canadensis L. stem derived biochar." Journal of Hazardous Materials 414 (July 2021): 125577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125577.

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44

Rhee, S. K., G. M. Lee, and S. T. Lee. "Influence of a supplementary carbon source on biodegradation of pyridine by freely suspended and immobilized Pimelobacter sp." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 44, no. 6 (February 20, 1996): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050638.

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45

Caşcaval, Dan, Alexandra Cristina Blaga, and Anca-Irina Galaction. "Diffusional effects on anaerobic biodegradation of pyridine in a stationary basket bioreactor with immobilized Bacillus spp. cells." Environmental Technology 39, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1298675.

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46

Chandra, Ram, Sangeeta Yadav, and Ram Naresh Bharagava. "Biodegradation of pyridine raffinate by two bacterial co-cultures of Bacillus cereus (DQ435020) and Alcaligenes faecalis (DQ435021)." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 26, no. 4 (November 2, 2009): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0223-z.

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47

Shakya, Shubhra, Akshaya Ambati, and Mahendra Kumar Verma. "Nicotine biodegradation and trafficking of its metabolites for the production of industrially significant compounds." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1708rjbt1510160.

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Nicotine and related alkaloids are toxic contaminants primarily originating as wastes from intense tobacco cultivation and processing in the Guntur district region of Andhra Pradesh. Since these alkaloids are harmful to the environment and emerged as a major global problem, there is an immense need to find safer and cheaper remedial methods. The microbes possess tremendous potential to utilize the toxic alkaloids and also yield industrially significant molecules. Pseudomonas species are the leading bacterial strains in recycling nicotine/nicotine-related alkaloids and produce useful compounds such as HSP (6-Hydroxy−3-succinoyl pyridine) and DHP (2,3-Dihydroxypyridine). These intermediates from nicotine metabolic pathways in various microbes act as precursors in the production of several therapeutics viz. anti-cancer, anti-malarial and analgesic drugs. Also, the intermediates could be employed in the development of drugs for the treatment of vascular and CNS disorders. Currently, nicotine remediation is not only restricted to biotransformation of the toxic intermediate and/or end compounds, but also to achieving some useful products. This review focuses on the microbial metabolic pathways and the genetic competence of different microbes in achieving eco-friendly nicotine utilization. Further, a terse account of the scope of the microbial potential in the development of pharmaceutically important molecules from the metabolic intermediates of nicotine is presented.

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48

Ratanakamnuan, Usarat, Watcharaporn Manorom, and Pailin Inthasai. "Preparation of Biodegradable Film from Esterified Corn Husk Cellulose." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.229.

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Cellulose-enrich residue from corn husk was transformed into biodegradable plastic films. After chemical removal of lignin and bleaching the corn husk pulp with hydrogen peroxide, corn husk cellulose powder was received by acid hydrolysis. The esterification of corn husk cellulose was performed using lauroyl chloride as an esterifying agent, toluene and pyridine as solvent and catalyst, respectively. The optimum conditions for esterification were investigated in terms of reaction time and temperature. Chemical structure and solubility of modified cellulose were examined. Cellulose laurate film was obtained by casting method in chloroform solvent. The tensile strength and elongation at break of cellulose laurate film were 5.15 MPa and 6.55%, respectively. The biodegradable of cellulose laurate films in different disposal environments including landfill and wastewater treatment plant for 2 months were investigated. The biodegradation process was followed by measuring the changes in the physical appearance and tensile properties of the films.

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49

Rajput, Manish Singh, Vinay Dwivedi, and S. K. Awasthi. "Biodegradation of pyridine raffinate by microbial laccase isolated from Pseudomonas monteilii & Gamma proteobacterium present in woody soil." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 26 (July 2020): 101650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101650.

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Feng, Yanmei, Wenping Zhang, Shimei Pang, Ziqiu Lin, Yuming Zhang, Yaohua Huang, Pankaj Bhatt, and Shaohua Chen. "Kinetics and New Mechanism of Azoxystrobin Biodegradation by an Ochrobactrum anthropi Strain SH14." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050625.

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Abstract:

Azoxystrobin is one of the most popular strobilurin fungicides, widely used in agricultural fields for decades.Extensive use of azoxystrobin poses a major threat to ecosystems. However, little is known about the kinetics and mechanism of azoxystrobin biodegradation. The present study reports a newly isolated bacterial strain, Ochrobactrum anthropi SH14, utilizing azoxystrobin as a sole carbon source, was isolated from contaminated soils. Strain SH14 degraded 86.3% of azoxystrobin (50 μg·mL−1) in a mineral salt medium within five days. Maximum specific degradation rate (qmax), half-saturation constant (Ks), and inhibition constant (Ki) were noted as 0.6122 d−1, 6.8291 μg·mL−1, and 188.4680 μg·mL−1, respectively.Conditions for strain SH14 based azoxystrobin degradation were optimized by response surface methodology. Optimum degradation was determined to be 30.2 °C, pH 7.9, and 1.1 × 107 CFU·mL−1 of inoculum. Strain SH14 degraded azoxystrobin via a novel metabolic pathway with the formation of N-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-acetamide,2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-5,6-dimethyl-pyridine, and 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid,6,8-difluoro-4-hydroxy-ethyl ester as the main intermediate products, which were further transformed without any persistent accumulative product. This is the first report of azoxystrobin degradation pathway in a microorganism. Strain SH14 also degraded other strobilurin fungicides, including kresoxim-methyl (89.4%), pyraclostrobin (88.5%), trifloxystrobin (78.7%), picoxystrobin (76.6%), and fluoxastrobin (57.2%) by following first-order kinetic model. Bioaugmentation of azoxystrobin-contaminated soils with strain SH14 remarkably enhanced the degradation of azoxystrobin, and its half-life was substantially reduced by 95.7 and 65.6 days in sterile and non-sterile soils, respectively, in comparison with the controls without strain SH14. The study presents O. anthropi SH14 for enhanced biodegradation of azoxystrobin and elaborates on the metabolic pathways to eliminate its residual toxicity from the environment.

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