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Journal articles on the topic 'PXCM'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Sharopova, N. R., A. A. Sozinov, and V. A. Portyanko. "Inheritance and linkage relationships of seed peroxidase loci in hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L.)." Genome 38, no. 3 (June 1, 1995): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-061.

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Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to investigate the inheritance and linkage relationships between anodal (PXA) and cathodal (PXC) seed peroxidases in hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L.). A total of 12 seed peroxidase loci (5 loci of PXA and 7 loci of PXC) were identified in three crosses. Only two Pxc loci (Pxc5 and Pxc7) were not linked to any peroxidase loci; the others were scored in three linkage groups. The order of the three loci assigned to one of the linkage groups was Pxc1–Pxa5–Pxc2. The order of loci in the other two linkages were Pxc4–Pxa1–Pxa3 and Pxc3–Pxa4–Pxa2. Also, the Pxc6 locus was shown to be linked to the Pxc3 locus. Considering that A. sativa is an allohexaploid, it can be proposed that the three peroxidase linkages represent homoeologous chromosomes.Key words: seed peroxidase, isozyme inheritance, linkage, Avena sativa.
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2

Nariya, Hirofumi, Shigeru Miyata, Tomomi Kuwahara, and Akinobu Okabe. "Development and Characterization of a Xylose-Inducible Gene Expression System for Clostridium perfringens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 23 (September 30, 2011): 8439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05668-11.

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ABSTRACTA xylose-inducible gene expression vector forClostridium perfringenswas developed. Plasmid pXCH contains a chromosomal region fromClostridium difficile(xylR-PxylB):xylR, encoding the xylose repressor,xylO, thexyloperator sequence, and PxylB, the divergent promoter upstream ofxylBAencoding xylulo kinase and xylose isomerase. pXCH allows tightly regulated expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter and the α-toxin genes in response to the inducer concentration. Thus, pXCH could constitute a new valuable genetic tool for study ofC. perfringens.
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3

Barszcz, Marcin, Anna Tuśnio, Ilona Bachanek-Matusiewicz, Kamil Gawin, Jacek Skomiał, and Marcin Taciak. "Growth Performance, Biochemical Blood Indices, and Large Intestine Physiology of Rats Fed Diets with Alfalfa Protein-Xanthophyll Concentrate." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072069.

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The effect of dietary levels of alfalfa protein-xanthophyll concentrate (PXC) was determined in growing rats. Three groups of eight four-week-old male Wistar rats, with an average initial body weight of 61 g, were fed for 28 days either natural-ingredient diets without PXC or supplemented with 1.5% or 3% PXC. Growth performance, blood biochemistry, caecal fermentation, morphology of the large intestine, and mucin gene expression were evaluated. PXC did not affect growth performance but tended to decrease relative liver weight. Among biochemical blood parameters, only bilirubin decreased and uric acid increased in response to 1.5% and 3% PXC, respectively. Caecal fermentation was not affected, with the exception of isovaleric acid concentration, which tended to be higher in rats fed the diet containing 3% PXC. Colonic crypts tended to be deeper in rats fed the 3% PXC diet and the thickness of the colonic mucus layer was reduced by both PXC levels. In conclusion, PXC did not affect growth performance or caecal fermentation but decreased thickness of the protective mucus layer in the colon.
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4

SONODA, MASATOSHI. "New protein PxcA found from Cyanophyta." Kagaku To Seibutsu 37, no. 12 (1999): 809–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.37.809.

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5

Mussi, Lilian, André Rolim Baby, Flavio Bueno Camargo Camargo Junior, Giovana Padovani, Bianca da Silva Sufi, and Wagner Vidal Magalhães. "Propanediol (and) Caprylic Acid (and) Xylitol as a New Single Topical Active Ingredient against Acne: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Assays." Molecules 26, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 6704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216704.

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In addition to dermatological complications, acne can affect the quality of life of individuals in numerous ways, such as employment, social habits and body dissatisfaction. According to our expertise, caprylic acid and propanediol would not have a direct action on Cutibacterium acnes. Despite this, we investigated the existence of a synergistic effect among xylitol, caprylic acid and propanediol as a mixture of compounds representing a single topical active ingredient that could benefit the treatment against acne. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to challenge and to prove the efficacy of propanediol, xylitol and caprylic acid (PXCA) against acne. PXCA had its MIC challenged against C. acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in concentrations of 0.125% and 0.25%, respectively, and it also developed antimicrobial activity against C. acnes (time-kill test). PXCA was able to reduce the 5-alpha reductase expression in 24% (p < 0.01) in comparison with the testosterone group. By the end of 28 days of treatment, the compound reduced the skin oiliness, porphyrin amount and the quantity of inflammatory lesions in participants. According to the dermatologist evaluation, PXCA improved the skin’s general appearance, acne presence and size.
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6

Yin, Gung-Chian, Yen-Fang Song, Bo-Yi Chen, Chien-Yu Lee, Ming-Ying Hsu, Cheng-Liang Liao, Chao-Chih Chiu, et al. "The Projection and Transmission X-ray Microscopy at Taiwan Photon Source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2380, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2380/1/012119.

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Abstract Projection X-ray microscopy (PXM) and transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) have been established at beamline 31 at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The TPS 31A beamline is sourced by a wiggler with multiple beam modes: white beam, high-flux mono-beam, and high-resolution mono-beam modes. The PXM is based on a collimated beam, and the TXM is full-field microscopy based on a zoneplate. The PXM system and TXM share the same detector platform, which is equipped with different kinds of detector systems for PXM and TXM. The PXM was designed for high-speed 3D tomography with an automatic tray system for loading and unloading samples, including a robotic arm and pre-alignment system. Both the PXM and TXM systems were designed for use in situ, which requires longer working distance for the sample’s environmental cell.
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7

Sonoda, Masatoshi, Hirokazu Katoh, Wim Vermaas, George Schmetterer, and Teruo Ogawa. "Photosynthetic Electron Transport Involved in PxcA-Dependent Proton Extrusion in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6803: Effect of pxcA Inactivation on CO2, HCO3−, and NO3−Uptake." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 15 (August 1, 1998): 3799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3799-3803.1998.

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ABSTRACT The product of pxcA (formerly known ascotA) is involved in light-induced Na+-dependent proton extrusion. In the presence of 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, net proton extrusion bySynechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 ceased after 1 min of illumination and a postillumination influx of protons was observed, suggesting that the PxcA-dependent, light-dependent proton extrusion equilibrates with a light-independent influx of protons. A photosystem I (PS I) deletion mutant extruded a large number of protons in the light. Thus, PS II-dependent electron transfer and proton translocation are major factors in light-driven proton extrusion, presumably mediated by ATP synthesis. Inhibition of CO2 fixation by glyceraldehyde in a cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deletion mutant strongly inhibited the proton extrusion. Leakage of PS II-generated electrons to oxygen via COX appears to be required for proton extrusion when CO2 fixation is inhibited. At pH 8.0, NO3 − uptake activity was very low in thepxcA mutant at low [Na+] (∼100 μM). At pH 6.5, the pxcA strain did not take up CO2 or NO3 − at low [Na+] and showed very low CO2 uptake activity even at 15 mM Na+. A possible role of PxcA-dependent proton exchange in charge and pH homeostasis during uptake of CO2, HCO3 −, and NO3 − is discussed.
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8

AlKhalidi, Mustapha M., and Fatima J. Jawad. "Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Etoricoxib by Solid Dispersion Technique." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss1pp76-87.

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Etoricoxib (EXB) is a highly selective cox-2 inhibitor which belongs to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). EXB is a class II drug according to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), which possess a very low aqueous solubility in water. In the present study, many trials were made to improve the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of EXB by solid dispersion technique. Eighteenth EXB formulas were formulated as a solid dispersion using a variety of hydrophilic polymers (as carriers) including poloxamer 407 (PXM 407), poloxamer 188 (PXM 188) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) at different drug: polymer ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 1:5). These formulas were prepared by two methods; solvent evaporation and fusion method. The prepared formulas were evaluated for practical yield percent (PY %), drug content, saturated solubility and release rate, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD). It was found that the solubility was affected by the polymer type and the method of preparation. The polymers (as carriers) used to prepare EXB- solid dispersion showed improvement in the solubility in the following descending order; PXM 407>PXM 188> PEG 4000. The optimum formula (SD15) composed of the drug: PXM 407 at a ratio of 1:5 was prepared by solvent evaporation showed 7.76 folds (676.40%) solubility improvement as compared to pure EXB. The optimum formula showed a release rate of 99.8% through the first 15 min. The advance characterization of the selected formula indicated the possible transformation of the drug to the amorphous state. Keywords: EXB, Solid dispersion, PXM 407, PXM 188, PEG 4000.
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9

Aljabi, Nadia. "Phase Transforming Cellular Materials (PXCMs) Design and Assembly." Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research 6, no. 1 (2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316203.

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10

Morales-Prieto, Noelia, Paula V. Huertas-Abril, Nieves López de Lerma, Isabel L. Pacheco, José Pérez, Rafael Peinado, and Nieves Abril. "Pedro Ximenez sun-dried grape must: a dietary supplement for a healthy longevity." Food & Function 11, no. 5 (2020): 4387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo00204f.

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Sun-dried Pedro Ximénez white grapes must (PXM) is a potent antioxidant that regularizes apoptosis, proliferation, and regeneration of the structure and the function of aged mice liver. PXM consumption contributes to a healthy aging process.
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11

Ohkawa, Hiroshi, Masatoshi Sonoda, Hirokazu Katoh, and Teruo Ogawa. "The use of mutants in the analysis of the CO2-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-076.

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Mutants of cyanobacteria defective in parts of the CO2-concentrating mechanism are classified into three types. (i) Mutants defective in inorganic carbon transporters. One of these mutants was constructed by inactivating cmpA encoding 42 kDa protein in the cytoplasmic membrane. (ii) Mutants defective in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase(s). There are five ndhD genes in Synechocystis PCC6803, two of them expressed constitutively and three inducible by low CO2. Two kinds of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase appear to be involved in energizing and inducing the high affinity inorganic carbon transport system. (iii) Mutants defective in carboxysome with impaired ccm or icfA genes. New type of mutants with impaired cotA (renamed as pxcA) have also been isolated. These mutants did not show light-induced proton extrusion and were unable to grow at acidic pHs. A mutant constructed by inactivating cotA (pxcA) in the wild-type Synechocystis was unable to transport CO2 at pH 6.5. We concluded that cotA (pxcA) has a role in light-induced proton extrusion that is essential at acidic pHs to extrude protons produced during CO2 transport.Key words: CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), CO2 transport, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, proton extrusion, carboxysome, mutant.
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12

Munir, Rabia, Abdul Hadi, Salah-ud-Din Khan, Sajid Asghar, Muhammad Irfan, Ikram Ullah Khan, Misbah Hameed, et al. "Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Dexibuprofen with Hydroxypropylbetacyclodextrin (HPβCD) and Poloxamers (188/407) Inclusion Complexes: Preparation and In Vitro Characterization." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030579.

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The objective of this study was to improve the dissolution and solubility of dexibuprofen (DEX) using hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HPβCD) inclusion complexes and also to evaluate the effect of presence of hydrophilic polymers on solubilization efficiency of HPβCD. Three different methods (physical trituration, kneading and solvent evaporation) were used to prepare binary inclusion complexes at various drug-to-cyclodextrin weight ratios. An increase in solubility and drug release was observed with the kneading (KN) method at a DEX/HPβCD (1:4) weight ratio. The addition of hydrophilic polymers poloxamer-188 (PXM-188) and poloxamer-407 (PXM-407) at 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20% w/w enhanced the complexation efficiency and solubility of DEX/HPβCD significantly. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that DEX was successfully incorporated into the cyclodextrin cavity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) revealed less crystallinity of the drug and its entrapment in the cyclodextrin molecular cage. The addition of PXM-188 or PXM-407 reduced the strength of the DEX endothermic peak. With the addition of hydrophilic polymers, sharp and intense peaks of DEX disappeared. Finally, it was concluded that PXM-188 at a weight ratio of 10.0% w/w was the best candidate for improving solubility, stability and release rate of DEX.
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13

Lin, Yin-Ku, Yung-Ching Yu, Shiu-Wei Wang, and Ren-Shen Lee. "Temperature, ultrasound and redox triple-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) block copolymer: synthesis, characterization and controlled release." RSC Advances 7, no. 68 (2017): 43212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06825e.

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14

Attieh, M., E. A. Dent, C. E. Then, E. Barrette, D. N. Alter, A. Duncan, J. D. Roback, H. C. Sullivan, and L. Happney. "Three Cases Highlighting Three Potential Pitfalls in the Platelet Refractory Workup." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 158, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.340.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Platelet refractory (PR) patients do not achieve expected post-transfusion platelet counts. We investigate such patients with a post-transfusion platelet count, indirect Platelet Antibody Screen (ind-PAS), Class I HLA Antibody (HLA-Ab) testing, and platelet crossmatch (PXM). The following three cases highlight potential pitfalls of laboratory investigations for PR patients. Methods/Case Report Case #1 (57-year-old male with AML) revealed discrepant predicted and observed donor compatibility. Antibody testing demonstrated no platelet glycoprotein antibodies and HLA-ab to B13, corresponding to 4% calculated PRA (CPRA), indicating 96% predicted donor compatibility. However, PXM revealed that the patient was compatible with 11/14 (79%) screened donors. Communication with the reference laboratory revealed that two PXM incompatible units were ABO incompatible. Case #2 (27-year-old female with aplastic anemia) is a highly sensitized patient (99% CPRA). PXM revealed compatibility with 1/14 screened donors; however, she failed to respond to the compatible donor. To investigate this poor response, patient’s plasma was tested against HLA incompatible donors. Neat serum demonstrated compatibility with all donors, whereas 1:8 dilution resulted in positive crossmatches with half the donors. The false negative crossmatches are likely explained by prozone in the setting of high HLA-ab burden. Case #3 (79-year-old male with AML) demonstrated a discrepancy between the ind-PAS (PakPlus, Immucor), which was negative for HLA-ab, and HLA specificity testing (LABScreen, OneLambda), which revealed Class I antibodies, corresponding to 38% CPRA. Per the ind-PAS package insert, the sensitivity of the assay was 85%-91% compared to selected HLA-ab tests; other sources have demonstrated lower sensitivity of 68%. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA. Conclusion The three cases highlight the importance of investigating incongruent results. Cases #1 and #2 demonstrate pitfalls in the PXM: ABO incompatibility can result in positive PXM and false-negative PXM can occur in the setting of high HLA-ab burden. Case #3 reveals the importance of knowing a test’s limitation, especially sensitivity. Centers that only perform ind-PAS may miss HLA-ab detection.
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15

Wang, Jianzhong, Gaoquan Lyu, Johann Schopp, and Hermann Josef Ecker. "Der neue Dreizylinder-Ottomotor CE12 von PXC." MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift 80, no. 7-8 (July 2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35146-019-0069-3.

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16

El Yacoubi, B., A. M. Brunings, Q. Yuan, S. Shankar, and D. W. Gabriel. "In Planta Horizontal Transfer of a Major Pathogenicity Effector Gene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 5 (January 12, 2007): 1612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00261-06.

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ABSTRACT Xanthomonas citri pv. citri is a clonal group of strains that causes citrus canker disease and appears to have originated in Asia. A phylogenetically distinct clonal group that causes identical disease symptoms on susceptible citrus, X. citri pv. aurantifolii, arose more recently in South America. Genomes of X. citri pv. aurantifolii strains carry two DNA fragments that hybridize to pthA, an X. citri pv. citri gene which encodes a major type III pathogenicity effector protein that is absolutely required to cause citrus canker. Marker interruption mutagenesis and complementation revealed that X. citri pv. aurantifolii strain B69 carried one functional pthA homolog, designated pthB, that was required to cause cankers on citrus. Gene pthB was found among 38 open reading frames on a 37,106-bp plasmid, designated pXcB, which was sequenced and annotated. No additional pathogenicity effectors were found on pXcB, but 11 out of 38 open reading frames appeared to encode a type IV transfer system. pXcB transferred horizontally in planta, without added selection, from B69 to a nonpathogenic X. citri pv. citri (pthA::Tn5) mutant strain, fully restoring canker. In planta transfer efficiencies were very high (>0.1%/recipient) and equivalent to those observed for agar medium with antibiotic selection, indicating that pthB conferred a strong selective advantage to the recipient strain. A single pathogenicity effector that can confer a distinct selective advantage in planta may both facilitate plasmid survival following horizontal gene transfer and account for the origination of phylogenetically distinct groups of strains causing identical disease symptoms.
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17

Leão, Cláudia, Anabela Borges, and Manuel Simões. "NSAIDs as a Drug Repurposing Strategy for Biofilm Control." Antibiotics 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090591.

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Persistent infections, usually associated with biofilm-producing bacteria, are challenging for both medical and scientific communities. The potential interest in drug repurposing for biofilm control is growing due to both disinvestment in antibiotic R&D and reduced efficacy of the available panel of antibiotics. In the present study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), piroxicam (PXC), diclofenac sodium (DCF), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and naproxen sodium (NPX) were evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs) and the dose–response curves from exposure to the selected NSAIDs were determined. MICs were found for PXC (800 μg/mL) and ASA (1750 μg/mL) against E. coli, and for DCF (2000 μg/mL) and ASA (2000 μg/mL) against S. aureus. No MBCs were found (>2000 μg/mL). The potential of NSAIDs to eradicate preformed biofilms was characterized in terms of biofilm mass, metabolic activity and cell culturability. Additionally, the NSAIDs were tested in combination with kanamycin (KAN) and tetracycline (TET). ASA, DCF and PXC promoted significant reductions in metabolic activity and culturability. However, only PXC promoted biofilm mass removal. Additive interactions were obtained for most of the combinations between NSAIDs and KAN or TET. In general, NSAIDs appear to be a promising strategy to control biofilms as they demonstrated to be more effective than conventional antibiotics.
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18

Zhang, S., J. Yin, H. W. Zhang, and B. S. Chen. "Multi-objective optimization of two-dimensional phoxonic crystals with multi-level substructure scheme." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 09 (April 10, 2016): 1650046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216500466.

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Phoxonic crystal (PXC) is a promising artificial periodic material for optomechanical systems and acousto-optical devices. The multi-objective topology optimization of dual phononic and photonic max relative bandgaps in a kind of two-dimensional (2D) PXC is investigated to find the regular pattern of topological configurations. In order to improve the efficiency, a multi-level substructure scheme is proposed to analyze phononic and photonic band structures, which is stable, efficient and less memory-consuming. The efficient and reliable numerical algorithm provides a powerful tool to optimize and design crystal devices. The results show that with the reduction of the relative phononic bandgap (PTBG), the central dielectric scatterer becomes smaller and the dielectric veins of cross-connections between different dielectric scatterers turn into the horizontal and vertical shape gradually. These characteristics can be of great value to the design and synthesis of new materials with different topological configurations for applications of the PXC.
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19

Amatya, Bibhas, Hewang Lee, Laureano D. Asico, Prasad Konkalmatt, Ines Armando, Robin A. Felder, and Pedro A. Jose. "SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC Subfamily of SNXs in the Regulation of Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Membrane Trafficking." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052319.

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The SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily of sorting nexins (SNXs) belongs to the superfamily of SNX proteins. SNXs are characterized by the presence of a common phox-homology (PX) domain, along with other functional domains that play versatile roles in cellular signaling and membrane trafficking. In addition to the PX domain, the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily, except for SNX19, contains a unique RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) domain that serves as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which accelerates GTP hydrolysis on the G protein α subunit, resulting in termination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Moreover, the PX domain selectively interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and other phosphoinositides found in endosomal membranes, while also associating with various intracellular proteins. Although SNX19 lacks an RGS domain, all members of the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily serve as dual regulators of receptor cargo signaling and endosomal trafficking. This review discusses the known and proposed functions of the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily and how it participates in receptor signaling (both GPCR and non-GPCR) and endosomal-based membrane trafficking. Furthermore, we discuss the difference of this subfamily of SNXs from other subfamilies, such as SNX-BAR nexins (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) that are associated with retromer or other retrieval complexes for the regulation of receptor signaling and membrane trafficking. Emerging evidence has shown that the dysregulation and malfunction of this subfamily of sorting nexins lead to various pathophysiological processes and disorders, including hypertension.
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20

Bashir, Mehreen, Haroon Khalid Syed, Sajid Asghar, Muhammad Irfan, Waleed Hassan Almalki, Salah Ali Menshawi, Ikram Ullah Khan, et al. "Effect of Hydrophilic Polymers on Complexation Efficiency of Cyclodextrins in Enhancing Solubility and Release of Diflunisal." Polymers 12, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071564.

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The effects of three hydrophilic polymers, namely, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poloxamer-188 (PXM-188) on the solubility and dissolution of diflunisal (DIF) in complexation with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), were investigated. The kneading method was used at different drug to cyclodextrin weight ratios. Increases in solubility and drug release were observed with the DIF/βCD and DIF/HPβCD complexes. The addition of hydrophilic polymers at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% w/w markedly improved the complexation and solubilizing efficiency of βCD and HPβCD. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) showed that DIF was successfully included into the cyclodextrin cavity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed stronger drug amorphization and entrapment in the molecular cage of cyclodextrins. The addition of PVA, CMC-Na or PXM-188 reduced further the intensity of the DIF endothermic peak. Most of the sharp and intense peaks of DIF disappeared with the addition of hydrophilic polymers. In conclusion, PXM-188 at a weight ratio of 10.0% w/w was the best candidate in enhancing the solubility, stability and release of DIF.
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21

Wang, Jianzhong, Gaoquan Lyu, Johann Schopp, and Hermann Josef Ecker. "The New Three-cylinder Gasoline Engine CE12 by PXC." MTZ worldwide 80, no. 7-8 (July 2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0065-5.

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22

McKeand, Steven E., Angelia J. Kegley, and Bailian Li. "Seedling Evaluation of Atlantic Coastal and Piedmont Sources of Loblolly Pine and Their Hybrids for Height Growth." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/28.2.83.

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Abstract Seedlings of 60 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) polycross families representing four populations, Atlantic Coastal (CxC), Piedmont (PxP), Coastal × Piedmont (CxP), and Piedmont × Coastal (PxC) were evaluated for first-year seedling height growth in an outdoor site in Raleigh, North Carolina. The CxP hybrids grew as well as the pure Coastal loblolly source, and the PxC hybrids were not significantly taller than the pure Piedmont population. The hybrid populations were intermediate between the parental populations and did not exhibit heterosis for height. However, the hybrids were 4–10% taller than the PxP population, which is the population currently used for forestation in the Piedmont region. There was an advantage for early seedling height growth in having the female parent from the Coastal plain, which appeared to be related to length of the growing season as measured by bud set time. There were strong family differences for seedling height within populations, indicating the potential for selecting the best families within the best populations. The implication is that the hybrid populations of CxP and PxC with improved growth may be better planting stock for the Piedmont than the pure Piedmont populations on some sites. Before implementing such a plan, cold-hardiness and long-term growth and adaptability should be evaluated. South. J. Appl. For. 28(2):83–90.
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23

Shelake, S. S., R. G. Gaikwad, S. Patil, F. I. Mevekari, and S. Patil. "DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID DISPERSION TABLET OF CARVEDILOL TO IMPROVE SOLUBILITY." INDIAN DRUGS 53, no. 01 (January 28, 2016): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.53.01.10330.

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Crystalline state compounds are typically dissolution rate limited and dissolution rate is directly proportional to the solubility for BCS class II or class IV compounds. Solid dispersions are one of the most promising strategies to improve the oral bioavailability poorly water soluble drugs. The purpose of this study was to increase solubility of carvedilol by solid dispersion (SDs) technique with Poloxamer (PXM) 407 in aqueous media. The carvedilol- PXM 407 solid dispersion was prepared by solvent evaporation, kneading and melting method. It was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro dissolution studies. The prepared solid dispersion were found to have higher dissolution rates as compared to intact carvedilol. During formulation of solid dispersion crystalline to amorphous transition has been observed.
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Lei, Lin-Lin, Ling-Juan He, Wen-Xing Liu, Qing-Hua Liao, and Tian-Bao Yu. "Coexistence of photonic and phononic corner states in a second-order topological phoxonic crystal." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 19 (November 7, 2022): 193103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127301.

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Recently, higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) have been extended from the electronic system to classical wave systems. Beyond the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence, HOTIs can host zero-dimensional topologically protected corner states, which show the strong field localization and robustness against fabrication flaws. Here, we propose a second-order topological phoxonic crystal (PXC) based on a two-dimensional (2D) square lattice, of which different unit cell choices can show either a topologically trivial or non-trivial band structure characterized by the 2D Zak phase. The proposed PXC supports the coexistence of photonic and phononic topological corner states, and their robustness to disorders and defects is numerically demonstrated. Our work opens a venue for achieving simultaneous confinement of photons and phonons, which is potentially useful for exploring the interaction of photonic and phononic second-order topological states and for designing novel topological optomechanical devices.
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Atakul-Özdemir, Ayse, Xander Warren, Peter G. Martin, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, Mirko Holler, Federica Marone, Carlos Martínez-Pérez, and Philip C. J. Donoghue. "X-ray nanotomography and electron backscatter diffraction demonstrate the crystalline, heterogeneous and impermeable nature of conodont white matter." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 8 (August 2021): 202013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202013.

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Conodont elements, microfossil remains of extinct primitive vertebrates, are commonly exploited as mineral archives of ocean chemistry, yielding fundamental insights into the palaeotemperature and chemical composition of past oceans. Geochemical assays have been traditionally focused on the so-called lamellar and white matter crown tissues; however, the porosity and crystallographic nature of the white matter and its inferred permeability are disputed, raising concerns over its suitability as a geochemical archive. Here, we constrain the characteristics of this tissue and address conflicting interpretations using ptychographic X-ray-computed tomography (PXCT), pore network analysis, synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (srXTM) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). PXCT and pore network analyses based on these data reveal that while white matter is extremely porous, the pores are unconnected, rendering this tissue closed to postmortem fluid percolation. EBSD analyses demonstrate that white matter is crystalline and comprised of a single crystal typically tens of micrometres in dimensions. Combined with evidence that conodont elements grow episodically, these data suggest that white matter, which comprises the denticles of conodont elements, grows syntactically, indicating that individual crystals are time heterogeneous. Together these data provide support for the interpretation of conodont white matter as a closed geochemical system and, therefore, its utility of the conodont fossil record as a historical archive of Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic ocean chemistry.
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Moeller, Roger W. "A Post-Apocalyptic View of Archaeology." North American Archaeologist 21, no. 4 (October 2000): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/g9uj-px9m-pylr-d6c3.

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Rudolph, H., G. Hebestreit, and D. Harzer. "Porous Foils Filled with Active Substances in Life Support Systems of Manned Space Flight." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 16, no. 4 (October 2000): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/768h-pxc4-chvc-3lrl.

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Polo, Carla, Luciano Pereira, Denisele Flores, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, Mirko Holler, Paulo Mazzafera, Juliana Mayer, Harry Westfahl, and Florian Meneau. "Lignin Deposition In Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Walls Unveiled By Ptychographic X-Ray Computed Tomography (PXCT)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S2 (August 2018): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618014216.

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Gregory McHone, J. "PXC: an APL program for calculating pyroxene structural formulae and end members." Computers & Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1987): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(87)90026-4.

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30

Gauneau, M., R. Chaplain, A. Rupert, M. Salvi, and B. Descouts. "Increased sensitivity of SIMS in indium phosphide by detecting PxM− molecular ions under cesium bombardment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 64, no. 1-4 (February 1992): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(92)95544-2.

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Koufos, George D. "Study of turolian hipparions of the lower axios valley (Macedonia, Greece) 2. locality »prochoma-1« (PXM)." Paläontologische Zeitschrift 61, no. 3-4 (December 1987): 339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02985914.

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32

Svenning, Mette M., Anne Grethe Hestnes, Ingvild Wartiainen, Lisa Y. Stein, Martin G. Klotz, Marina G. Kalyuzhnaya, Anja Spang, et al. "Genome Sequence of the Arctic Methanotroph Methylobacter tundripaludum SV96." Journal of Bacteriology 193, no. 22 (July 1, 2011): 6418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.05380-11.

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Methylobacter tundripaludum SV96 T (ATCC BAA-1195) is a psychrotolerant aerobic methane-oxidizing gammaproteobacterium ( Methylococcales , Methylococcaceae ) living in High Arctic wetland soil. The strain was isolated from soil harvested in July 1996 close to the settlement Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway (78°56′N, 11°53′E), and described as a novel species in 2006. The genome includes pmo and pxm operons encoding copper membrane monooxygenases (Cu-MMOs), genes required for nitrogen fixation, and the nirS gene implicated in dissimilatory nitrite reduction to NO but no identifiable inventory for further processing of nitrogen oxides. These genome data provide the basis to investigate M. tundripaludum SV96, identified as a major player in the biogeochemistry of Arctic environments.
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Wang, Jiehua, Melis Kucukoglu, Linbin Zhang, Peng Chen, Daniel Decker, Ove Nilsson, Brian Jones, Göran Sandberg, and Bo Zheng. "The Arabidopsis LRR-RLK, PXC1, is a regulator of secondary wall formation correlated with the TDIF-PXY/TDR-WOX4 signaling pathway." BMC Plant Biology 13, no. 1 (2013): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-13-94.

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Yang, Xiaogang, Maik Kahnt, Dennis Brückner, Andreas Schropp, Yakub Fam, Johannes Becher, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, Thomas L. Sheppard, and Christian G. Schroer. "Tomographic reconstruction with a generative adversarial network." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520000831.

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This paper presents a deep learning algorithm for tomographic reconstruction (GANrec). The algorithm uses a generative adversarial network (GAN) to solve the inverse of the Radon transform directly. It works for independent sinograms without additional training steps. The GAN has been developed to fit the input sinogram with the model sinogram generated from the predicted reconstruction. Good quality reconstructions can be obtained during the minimization of the fitting errors. The reconstruction is a self-training procedure based on the physics model, instead of on training data. The algorithm showed significant improvements in the reconstruction accuracy, especially for missing-wedge tomography acquired at less than 180° rotational range. It was also validated by reconstructing a missing-wedge X-ray ptychographic tomography (PXCT) data set of a macroporous zeolite particle, for which only 51 projections over 70° could be collected. The GANrec recovered the 3D pore structure with reasonable quality for further analysis. This reconstruction concept can work universally for most of the ill-posed inverse problems if the forward model is well defined, such as phase retrieval of in-line phase-contrast imaging.
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Pan, Qing Shan, Dai Qi Li, Jian Qiang Li, Wei Liu, Mei Gui Ma, He Ping Yan, Bo Zhou, Du Shu Huang, and Shi Juan Xu. "Adsorption of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Peanut Shell Cellulose Modified with Carbon Disulphide." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.24.

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Peanut shell Cellulose Xanthate (PCX) was prepared by reacting with carbon disulphide after mercerized by sodium hydroxide solution. The preparing conditions (hydroxide solution concentration, carbon disulphide dosage, temperature) were optimized in this study. And the effects of PCX amount and contact time on the removal of Cd (II) ion from aqueous solution was studied,the results indicated that when the initial Cd (II) ion concentration was 10mg/L, the adsorption capacity of PXC was high effective with the PCX amount was 1g/L and the contact time was 1.5h,the equilibrium adsorption capacity of PCX was 9.87 mg/g and the removal rate of Cd (II) ion was 98.72%.Then the regeneration capacities of PCX adsorbent was investigated, the results indicated that the removal rate of Cd (II) ion was more than 75% after regeneration. All the results indicated that the PCX can be used as a low cost but effective biosorbent for heavy metals remediation.
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Kang, Naixin, Hongxin Song, Wenyu Zhang, Jing Zhao, Menghan Zhang, Wenxin Xiong, and Chunyu Xi. "Effect of Substrate Ratios and the Species of Sugar on the Antioxidant Activity of Glycosylated Products of the Rana Debris Collagen Peptide." E3S Web of Conferences 78 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197802006.

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The active peptide (molecular weight < 3500 Da) of the enzymatic hydrolysis from Rana debris is used as a raw material of glycosylation. The peptide can be affected by environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, which can destroy structural and functional properties, so the peptide is usually modified by glycosylation. To investigate the effects of glycosylation on the antioxidant activity of Rana Debris Collagen Peptide (RDCP), glycosylated compounds were prepared using different ratios of RDCP and xylose or glucose by the Maillard reaction. The results indicated that the peptide-xylose compound (PXC) showed higher antioxidant activity than the peptide-glucose compound (PGC), and RDCP and xylose heated at a ratio of 1:4 showed good antioxidant properties. The correlation between the glycosylation degree and antioxidant activity was strong. These results indicated that glycosylation can enhance the antioxidant activity of RDCP. Such glycosylated products can be used in the field of food research.
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37

Li, Hongyang, Mark A. Toleman, Peter M. Bennett, Ronald N. Jones, and Timothy R. Walsh. "Complete Sequence of p07-406, a 24,179-Base-Pair Plasmid Harboring the blaVIM-7 Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate from the United States." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 9 (June 30, 2008): 3099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01093-07.

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ABSTRACT An outbreak involving a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain that was resistant to all tested antimicrobials except polymyxin B occurred in a hospital in Houston, TX. Previous studies on this strain showed that it possesses a novel mobile metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene, designated bla VIM-7, located on a plasmid (p07-406). Here, we report the complete sequence, annotation, and functional characterization of this plasmid. p07-406 is 24,179 bp in length, and 29 open reading frames were identified related to known or putatively recognized proteins. Analysis of this plasmid showed it to be comprised of four distinct regions: (i) a region of 5,200 bp having a Tn501-like mercuric resistance (mer) transposon upstream of the replication region; (ii) a Tn3-like transposon carrying a truncated integron with a bla VIM-7 gene and an insertion sequence inserted at the other end of this transposon; (iii) a region of four genes, upstream of the Tn3-like transposon, possessing very high similarity to plasmid pXcB from Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri commonly associated with plants; (iv) a backbone sequence similar to the backbone structure of the IncP group plasmid Rms149, pB10, and R751. This is the first plasmid to be sequenced carrying an MBL gene and highlights the amelioration of DNA segments from disparate origins, most noticeably from plant pathogens.
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38

Boujenane, I., and M. Machmoum. "Mensurations corporelles des ânes des races Poitevine et Catalane et de leurs croisés au Maroc." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10015.

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L’étude a porté sur l’analyse des mensurations corporelles de 125 ânes de race Poitevine (P), 107 de race Catalane (C) et 77 croisés réciproques (PxC et CxP) utilisés dans les haras nationaux au Maroc. Ces ânes étaient nés entre 1937 et 1973 au Maroc, en France et en Espagne. Le type génétique des ânes avait un effet significatif sur toutes les mensurations étudiées sauf sur la hauteur au garrot. Les ânes Poitevins avaient une hauteur au garrot, un tour de poitrine, un poids corporel, une longueur du corps, un vide sous-sternal et un tour du canon antérieur respectivement de 139,7 cm, 152,4 cm, 346,4 kg, 143,2 cm, 76,8 cm et 20,5 cm. Les différences par rapport aux ânes Catalans étaient respectivement de – 0,5 cm, 2,7 cm, 15,7 kg, 3,7 cm, – 1,4 cm et 1,5 cm, et par rapport aux ânes croisés de 1,4 cm, 2,3 cm, 14,2 kg, 5,1 cm, – 0,5 cm et 1,3 cm. L’effet hétérosis était significatif pour la longueur du corps (– 2,30 p. 100) et le tour du canon antérieur (– 2,78 p. 100) seulement. Il est conclu que les mensurations corporelles des ânes Poitevins et Catalans sont légèrement différentes.
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Shubin, Ivan, John E. Cunningham, Darko Popovic, Hiren Thacker, Xuezhe Zheng, Ying Luo, Jim Mitchell, et al. "Ferro-Electrically Enhanced Proximity Communication." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 000084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-ta3-paper4.

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Capacitively-coupled communication between chips, commonly known as PxC, represents a new class of I-O signaling that offers substantially improved off-chip bandwidth density. However, this form of communication presents a challenge from a packaging perspective, since tight chip alignment tolerances are required to maintain high signal fidelity and avoid cross coupling between neighboring channels. To mitigate the packaging constraints, capacitive coupling between the communication pads can be enhanced with materials that have high dielectric coefficients. Here, ferroelectrics hold promise over contemporary low- and high-k dielectrics, however their processing conditions need to be better understood and the compatibility with CMOS circuitry has to be established during integration with a back end of the line process module. In this paper we present experimental results on microfabrication modules for various families of ferroelectrics when monolithically deposited on Silicon. Additionally, we report their associated dielectric properties as extracted by measured capacitance enhancements in our fabricated devices. In this work Strontium Titanate and Barium Strontium Titanate films are sputter deposited on platinum atop Silicon. Capacitive measurements were accomplished by microfabricating electrodes atop these structures in geometries that are size and shape dependant. Dielectric coefficients as high as 400 times that of air are measured.
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Olszowska-Zaremba, Natasza, Radosław Zagożdżon, and Jolanta Gozdowska. "Accuracy of virtual crossmatch (VXM) prediction of physical crossmatch (PXM) results of donor specific antibody (DSA) in routine pretransplant settings–a single-center experience." Transplant Immunology 72 (June 2022): 101583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trim.2022.101583.

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41

Jin, Jun, Xiaohong Wang, Lamin Zhan, and Hongping Hu. "Strong quadratic acousto-optic coupling in 1D multilayer phoxonic crystal cavity." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0034.

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Abstract Four methods are applied to calculate the acousto-optic (AO) coupling in one-dimensional (1D) phoxonic crystal (PXC) cavity: transfer matrix method (TMM), finite element method (FEM), perturbation theory, and Born approximation. Two types of mechanisms, the photoelastic effect (PE) and the moving interface effect (MI), are investigated. Whether the AO coupling belongs to linear or quadratic, the results obtained by the perturbation theory are in good agreement with the numerical results. We show that the combination method of FEM and perturbation theory has some advantages over Born approximation. The dependence of linear and quadratic couplings on the symmetry of acoustic and optical modes has been discussed in detail. The linear coupling will vanish if the defect acoustic mode is even symmetry, but the quadratic effect may be enhanced. Based on second-order perturbation theory, the contribution of each optical eigenfrequency to quadratic coupling is clarified. Finally, the quadratic coupling is greatly enhanced by tuning the thickness of the defect layer, which is an order of magnitude larger than that of normal defect thickness. The enhancement mechanism of quadratic coupling is illustrated. The symmetry of the acoustic defect mode is transformed from odd to even, and two optical defect modes are modulated to be quasi-degenerated modes. This study opens up a possibility to achieve tunable phoxonic crystals on the basis of nonlinear AO effects.
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42

Zhong, Feifei, Li Ouyang, Nan Deng, Fangping Yin, Jiajie He, Deqing Lei, Jieying Gao, et al. "Determination of 7 Kinds of Alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and Its Products by HPLC." Processes 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122678.

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Objective: To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of seven alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and its products, the extraction technology and HPLC method were optimized by the single factor experiment. Methods: Firstly, the samples were extracted ultrasonically with 1% formic acid ethanol and purified by PXC SPE column. Then, the extracts and the purified liquid were taken after concentration with nitrogen for quantitative analysis of seven alkaloids by HPLC method. Next, the contents of alkaloids in five samples were determined. Results: The method was fully validated and the result showed that seven kinds of alkaloids had good linear relation in the corresponding range of mass concentration, r2 > 0.999, where the detection limit was 0.5–1.5 mg/kg, the quantification limit was 1.25–4.5 mg/kg, the recovery was 83.33–116.04%, and the RSD of detection method was 1.06–5.25% (n = 7). In five samples, the contents of Lotusine and Neferine were the highest, Berberine Hydrochloride was not detected. Conclusion: This method is simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and it can realize the quantitative analysis and chemical separation of seven kinds of common alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and its products and provide a theoretical method for the simultaneous determination of alkaloids. The extraction yields of alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis can be increased through the extraction process, which is optimized by a single factor experiment.
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43

Chao, Jing, Alison Mark, Marina L. Suominen Fuller, N. Stewart McIntyre, Richard A. Holt, Robert J. Klassen, and Wenjun Liu. "Study of residual elastic- and plastic-deformation in uniaxial tensile strained nickel-based Alloy 600 samples by polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction (PXM) and neutron diffraction methods." Materials Science and Engineering: A 524, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.05.033.

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44

Draghici, Heidrun-Katharina, and Mark Varrelmann. "Evidence that the Linker between the Methyltransferase and Helicase Domains of Potato Virus X Replicase Is Involved in Homologous RNA Recombination." Journal of Virology 83, no. 15 (May 13, 2009): 7761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00179-08.

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ABSTRACT Recombination in RNA viruses, one of the main factors contributing to their genetic variability and evolution, is a widespread phenomenon. In this study, an in vivo assay to characterize RNA recombination in potato virus X (PVX), under high selection pressure, was established. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to express in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue both a PVX isolate labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) containing a coat protein deletion mutation (ΔCP) and a transcript encoding a functional coat protein +3′-ntr. Coexpression of the constructs led to virus movement and systemic infection; reconstituted recombinants were observed in 92% of inoculated plants. Similar results were obtained using particle bombardment, demonstrating that recombination mediated by A. tumefaciens was not responsible for the occurrence of PXC recombinants. The speed of recombination could be estimated by agroinfection of two PVX mutants lacking the 3′ and 5′ halves of the genome, respectively, with an overlap in the triple gene block 1 gene, allowing GFP expression only in the case of recombination. Ten different pentapeptide insertion scanning replicase mutants with replication abilities comparable to wild-type virus were applied in the different recombination assays. Two neighboring mutants affecting the linker between the methyltransferase and helicase domains were shown to be strongly debilitated in their ability to recombine. The possible functional separation of replication and recombination in the replicase molecule supports the model that RNA recombination represents a distinct function of this protein, although the underlying mechanism still needs to be investigated.
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45

Partheniadis, Gkogkou, Kantiranis, and Nikolakakis. "Modulation of the Release of a Non-Interacting Low Solubility Drug from Chitosan Pellets Using Different Pellet Size, Composition and Numerical Optimization." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11040175.

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Two size classes of piroxicam (PXC) pellets (mini (380–550 μm) and conventional (700–1200 μm)) were prepared using extrusion/spheronization and medium viscosity chitosan (CHS). Mixture experimental design and numerical optimization were applied to distinguish formulations producing high sphericity pellets with fast or extended release. High CHS content required greater wetting liquid volume for pellet formation and the diameter decreased linearly with volume. Sphericity increased with CHS for low-to-medium drug content. Application of PXRD showed that the drug was a mixture of form II and I. Crystallinity decreased due to processing and was significant at 5% drug content. Raman spectroscopy showed no interactions. At pH 1.2, the dissolved CHS increased ‘apparent’ drug solubility up to 0.24 mg/mL while, at pH 5.6, the suspended CHS increased ‘apparent’ solubility to 0.16 mg/mL. Release at pH 1.2 was fast for formulations with intermediate CHS and drug levels. At pH 5.6, conventional pellets showed incomplete release while mini pellets with a CHS/drug ratio ≥2 and up to 21.25% drug, showed an extended release that was completed within 8 h. Numerical optimization provided optimal formulations for fast release at pH 1.2 with drug levels up to 40% as well as for extended release formulations with drug levels of 5% and 10%. The Weibull model described the release kinetics indicating complex or combined release (parameter ‘b’ > 0.75) for release at pH 1.2, and normal diffusion for the mini pellets at pH 5.6 (‘b’ from 0.63 to 0.73). The above results were attributed mainly to the different pellet sizes and the extensive dissolution/erosion of the gel matrix was observed at pH 1.2 but not at pH 5.6.
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Scionti, Alberto, Somnath Mazumdar, and Antoni Portero. "Towards a Scalable Software Defined Network-on-Chip for Next Generation Cloud." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 2330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072330.

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The rapid evolution of Cloud-based services and the growing interest in deep learning (DL)-based applications is putting increasing pressure on hyperscalers and general purpose hardware designers to provide more efficient and scalable systems. Cloud-based infrastructures must consist of more energy efficient components. The evolution must take place from the core of the infrastructure (i.e., data centers (DCs)) to the edges (Edge computing) to adequately support new/future applications. Adaptability/elasticity is one of the features required to increase the performance-to-power ratios. Hardware-based mechanisms have been proposed to support system reconfiguration mostly at the processing elements level, while fewer studies have been carried out regarding scalable, modular interconnected sub-systems. In this paper, we propose a scalable Software Defined Network-on-Chip (SDNoC)-based architecture. Our solution can easily be adapted to support devices ranging from low-power computing nodes placed at the edge of the Cloud to high-performance many-core processors in the Cloud DCs, by leveraging on a modular design approach. The proposed design merges the benefits of hierarchical network-on-chip (NoC) topologies (via fusing the ring and the 2D-mesh topology), with those brought by dynamic reconfiguration (i.e., adaptation). Our proposed interconnect allows for creating different types of virtualised topologies aiming at serving different communication requirements and thus providing better resource partitioning (virtual tiles) for concurrent tasks. To further allow the software layer controlling and monitoring of the NoC subsystem, a few customised instructions supporting a data-driven program execution model (PXM) are added to the processing element’s instruction set architecture (ISA). In general, the data-driven programming and execution models are suitable for supporting the DL applications. We also introduce a mechanism to map a high-level programming language embedding concurrent execution models into the basic functionalities offered by our SDNoC for easing the programming of the proposed system. In the reported experiments, we compared our lightweight reconfigurable architecture to a conventional flattened 2D-mesh interconnection subsystem. Results show that our design provides an increment of the data traffic throughput of 9.5% and a reduction of 2.2× of the average packet latency, compared to the flattened 2D-mesh topology connecting the same number of processing elements (PEs) (up to 1024 cores). Similarly, power and resource (on FPGA devices) consumption is also low, confirming good scalability of the proposed architecture.
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Hector, Kristiaan W., David Restrepo, Cristian Tejedor Bonilla, Louis G. Hector, Nilesh Mankame, and Pablo D. Zavattieri. "Mechanics of Chiral Honeycomb Architectures With Phase Transformations." Journal of Applied Mechanics 86, no. 11 (September 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4044024.

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Abstract The mechanics of phase transforming cellular materials (PXCMs) with three different chiral honeycomb architectures, viz., hexachiral, tetra-anti-chiral, and tetra-chiral, are investigated under quasi-static loading/unloading. Each PXCM comprises interconnected unit cells consisting of tape springs rigidly affixed to circular nodes that can rotate and/or translate. The phase change is associated with snap-through instability due to bending of the tape springs and corresponds to sudden changes in the geometry of the unit cells from one stable configuration to another stable (or metastable) configuration during loading/unloading. When compared with similar chiral materials with flat ligaments, the chiral PXCMs exhibit a significantly higher energy dissipation in quasi-static experiments. The hexachiral PXCM was selected for detailed parametric analysis with finite element simulations including 21 models constructed to investigate the effects of PXCM geometry on phase change and energy dissipation. An analytical formalism is developed to predict the minimum compressive load required to induce phase transformation and snap-through. The formalism predictions are compared with those from finite element simulations. An Ashby plot is developed in which the energy dissipated per unit volume versus work conjugate plateau stress of the H-PXCM is compared with other energy absorbing materials.
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Nagayama, Hayato, Sosuke Kanegae, Masaki Hosoda, Masayuki Okugawa, and Yuichiro Koizumi. "Thermally induced phase transforming cellular lattice driven by bimetal beams." MRS Advances, September 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43580-022-00334-y.

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AbstractPhase Transforming Cellular Material (PXCM) exhibits transformation by loading and maintains the deformed shape even after unloading after compression and restores the original shape by deforming in the opposite direction. Conventional PXCM needs to be stressed reversely to restore its original shape. Bimetals, i.e., clad sheets of metals with large differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion, can spontaneously bend in response to temperature changes because of thermal stress. In this study, we designed a lattice structure that not only deforms when a compressive/tensile load is applied but also changes its shape by heating/cooling by using bimetal for the curved beam of PXCM. A newly created PXCM is named thermally induced PXCM. The TI-PXCM exhibited a large recovery strain of 20% or more with a temperature hysteresis of 302 K in the temperature range of − 190 to 200 °C. Graphical abstract
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49

Ma, Xingfu, Zhinong Li, Jiawei Xiang, and Chengjun Wang. "Geometric parameters optimization of a two-dimensional phoxonic crystal with dual forbidden band characteristics." Modern Physics Letters B 36, no. 04 (January 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921505618.

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In this paper, a novel phoxonic crystal (PxC) structure composed of silicon, with optimal dual phononic band gap (PNBG) and photonic band gap (PTBG), is presented. Using the finite element analysis method, both the transmission characteristics and dispersion relation of PNBG and PTBG are calculated, and the existence of dual BGs is demonstrated by the means of the analysis of transmission for the PxC structure. The influences of structural parameters on the dual forbidden band characteristics are further explored, the sensitive structure parameters can be determined: the width of elastic beams, the length of square silicon, and the length of square hole. Using the orthogonal test, 25 experimental runs based on 3-factor and 5-level experiment are performed to finish the numerical experimental design and analysis. Four functional relationships can be acquired between the three sensitive parameters and dual BGs. Finally, the unified objective function method is employed to perform the construction of the single objective optimization model for the purpose of obtaining the optimal dual BGs and the corresponding optimal parameter combinations of the PxC structure. Such scheme can be used as the potential optimization way, which may find wide application in the development and design of PxCs.
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Xu, Ke, Joris Jourquin, Maria Fransiska Njo, Long Nguyen, Tom Beeckman, and Ana Ibis Fernandez. "The Phloem Intercalated With Xylem-Correlated 3 Receptor-Like Kinase Constitutively Interacts With Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1-Associated Receptor Kinase 1 and Is Involved in Vascular Development in Arabidopsis." Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (January 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.706633.

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Abstract:
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) play fundamental roles in cell-to-cell and plant-environment communication. LRR-RLKs can function as receptors perceiving endogenous or external ligands, or as coreceptors, which stabilize the complex, and enhance transduction of the intracellular signal. The LRR-RLK BAK1 is a coreceptor for different developmental and immunity pathways. In this article, we identified PXY-CORRELATED 3 (PXC3) as a BAK1-interacting LRR-RLK, which was previously reported to be transcribed in vascular tissues co-expressed with PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM (PXY), the receptor of the TDIF/CLE41 peptide. Characterization of pxc3 loss-of-function mutants revealed reduced hypocotyl stele width and vascular cells compared to wild type, indicating that PXC3 plays a role in the vascular development in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, our data suggest that PXC3 might function as a positive regulator of the CLE41/TDIF–TDR/PXY signaling pathway.
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