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Academic literature on the topic 'PWG-1'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PWG-1"

Han, Seok Hee, Elaine Ballinger, Se-Young Choung, and Jung Yeon Kwon. "Anti-Photoaging Effect of Hydrolysates from Pacific Whiting Skin via MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, and Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in UVB-Induced Human Dermal Fibroblasts." Marine Drugs 20, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20050308.

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Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light promotes the breakdown of collagen in the skin and disrupts the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, leading to skin wrinkling. Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) is a fish abundant on the Pacific coast. In the current study, we investigated the anti-wrinkle effect of hydrolysate from Pacific whiting skin gelatin (PWG) in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts and the molecular mechanisms involved. PWG effectively restored type 1 procollagen synthesis reduced by UVB-irradiation. Also, we found that PWG inhibited collagen degradation by inhibiting MMP1 expression. Furthermore, PWG decreased cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β associated with inflammatory responses and increased antioxidant enzymes, HO-1, SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH content, a defense system against oxidative stress. In terms of molecular mechanisms, PWG increased collagen synthesis through activating the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway and decreased collagen degradation through inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases/activator protein 1 (MAPK/AP-1) pathway. It also suppressed the inflammatory response through suppressing the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and increased antioxidant enzyme activity through activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) pathway. These multi-target mechanisms suggest that PWG may serve as an effective anti-photoaging material.

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Zhang, Xiangsheng, Min Jin, Jiaxiang Luo, Shichao Xie, Chen Guo, Tingting Zhu, Xiaoying Hu, Ye Yuan, and Qicun Zhou. "Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on the Growth and Glucose Metabolism of Juvenile Swimming Crab, Portunus trituberculatus." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (February 1, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7110052.

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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different carbohydrate levels on the growth performance, glycogen accumulation in tissue, enzyme activities, and expression levels of genes related to hepatopancreatic glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathway in swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus for 8 weeks. The results indicated that crabs fed with the 60.0 g kg-1 carbohydrate diet exhibited the highest final body weight (FBW), percent weight gain (PWG), and specific growth rate (SGR) among all treatments. FBW, PWG, and SGR significantly decreased when dietary carbohydrate levels exceeded 240.0 g kg-1. Light microscopy results showed that dietary excessive carbohydrate levels will lead to vacuole, hepatopancreatic tubule lysis, and lipid droplets in hepatopancreas. Expression levels of genes involved into glucose transport, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin-like metabolism in the hepatopancreas were significantly influenced by dietary carbohydrate levels. In general, the results of present study demonstrated that dietary optimal carbohydrate levels could not only improve PWG and SGR but also influence the expression of genes involved in glucose, lipid, and insulin-like metabolism. The optimal actual carbohydrate level was estimated to be 87.8-98.4 g kg-1 based on broken-line and second-order polynomial regression analysis between PWG against dietary carbohydrate levels for juvenile Portunus trituberculatus.

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Contreras, Sandra, Lorena Porras-Javier, Bonnie T. Zima, Neelkamal Soares, Christine Park, Alpa Patel, Paul J. Chung, and Tumaini R. Coker. "Development of a Telehealth-Coordinated Intervention to Improve Access to Community-Based Mental Health." Ethnicity & Disease 28, Supp (September 6, 2018): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.s2.457.

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Objective: To develop an intervention to improve the mental health referral and care process for children referred by primary care providers (PCPs) to community mental health clinics (MHCs) using a community partnered approach.Design: A Project Working Group (PWG) with representatives from each partner organization met monthly for 6 months.Setting: Multi-site federally qualified health center (FQHC) and two community MHCs in Los Angeles county.Participants: 26 stakeholders (14 FQHC clinic providers/staff, 8 MHC providers/staff, 4 parents) comprised the PWG.Data Sources: Qualitative interviews, PWG meeting notes, intervention processes and workflow reports.Intervention: The PWG reviewed qualitative data from stakeholders (interviews of 7 parents and 13 providers/staff). The PWG met monthly to identify key transition points where access to and coordination of care were likely compromised and to develop solutions.Results: Three critical transition points and system solutions were identified: 1) Parents refuse initial referral to the MHC due to stigma regarding mental health services. Solution: During initial referral, parents watch a video introducing them to the MHC. 2) Parents don’t complete the MHC’s screening after referral. Solution: A live videoconference session connecting parents at the FQHC with MHC staff ensures completion of the screening and eligibility process. 3) PCPs reject transfer of patients back to primary care for ongoing psychotropic medication management. Solution: Regularly scheduled live videoconferences connect PCPs and MHC providers.Conclusions: A community partnered approach to care design utilizing telehealth for care coordination between clinics can potentially be used to address key challenges in MHC access for children.Ethn Dis. 2018;28(Suppl 2):457-466; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S2.457.

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Selaive -Villarroel, Arturo Bernardo, Marcus Brocardo Maciel, and Nelson Manzoni de Oliveira. "Effects of weaning age and weight on lamb growth rate of Morada Nova breed raised in a tropical extensive production system." Ciência Rural 38, no. 3 (June 2008): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000300030.

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The aim of this research were to study the effect of weaning age and weight on post-growing rate (PWG) and to estimate the optimal weaning age (WA) and weight (WW) of Morada Nova-white variety breed lambs raised under extensive system conditions. A total of 31 male and female lambs were evaluated, being 19 lambs born in April/May 2001 and 12 lambs born in February/March 2002. Lambs were distributed in the following treatments at weaning: 1) weaning age = T1: weaned at 60 days; T2: weaned at 75 days; T3: weaned at 90 days, and 2) weaning weight = T1: weaned with 9 to 10.4kg weigth; T2: weaned with 10.5 to 12.4kg weight and T3: weaned with above 12.5kg weight. The PWG was recorded through successive weightings done every fourteen days from weaning to 180 days of age. Data were analysed through a statistical model that included age and weight at weaning, sex and year of birth as fixed effects. Lambs weaned with 60, 75 and 90 days of age showed non-significant differences (P>0.05) on PWG. However, WW had a significant influence (P<0.05) on lamb weight. The group weaned with 9-10.4kg had smaller live weight than those weaned with 10.5-12.4kg or above 12.5kg. No differences were found between these last two groups. Also, sex had significant effect (P<0.05) on lamb growing with males being heavier than females (20.7kg and 17.6kg, respectively). Year of birth did not affect PWG. It was concluded that weight at weaning is more important than age at weaning on post-weaning growing of lambs. The most efficient live weaning weight on white Morada Nova lambs raised in extensive system production is over 10.5kg.

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Quist, Erin M., Gary A. Boorman, John M. Cullen, Robert R. Maronpot, Amera K. Remick, James A. Swenberg, Les Freshwater, and Jerry F. Hardisty. "Reevaluation of Hepatocellular Neoplasms in CD-1 Mice from a 2-year Oral Carcinogenicity Study with Permethrin." Toxicologic Pathology 47, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623318809304.

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A 24-month oral carcinogenicity study of permethrin was conducted by feeding male and female CD-1 mice diets containing concentrations of 0, 20, 500, and 2,000 ppm of permethrin (males) or 0, 20, 2,500, and 5,000 ppm of permethrin (females). After approximately two years on study, surviving mice were sacrificed for the evaluation of chronic toxicity and/or carcinogenicity. An expert panel of pathologists was convened as a Pathology Working Group (PWG) to review coded liver histology sections from male and female mice and to classify all liver neoplasms according to current nomenclature and diagnostic criteria guidelines. The PWG results indicate that permethrin induced a significant dose-dependent increase in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms in treated female mice ( p < .01) as well as a nonstatistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular tumors in treated male mice. Given the continuum of the diagnoses of adenoma and carcinoma, and the difficulty in distinguishing some of the lesions, it is appropriate to consider only the combined incidences of hepatocellular tumors (adenoma and/or carcinoma) for biological significance and risk assessment.

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Lee, Chung Lyul, Jong Mok Park, Ji Yong Lee, Seung Woo Yang, Hyun Seok Na, Jaegeun Lee, Sunkyung Jung, and Ju Hyun Shin. "A Novel Incisionless Disposable Vaginal Device for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: Efficacy and Quality of Life." International Neurourology Journal 27, Suppl 1 (May 31, 2023): S40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.2346092.046.

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Purpose: This clinical study sought to evaluate the possible clinical effectiveness and practicality of URINO, an innovative, incisionless, and disposable intravaginal device, designed for patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence.Methods: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial was carried out, involving women diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence who used a self-inserted, disposable intravaginal pessary device. Comparisons were made between the results of the 20-minute pad-weight gain (PWG) test at baseline and visit 3, where the device was applied. After 1 week of device usage, compliance, satisfaction, the sensation of a foreign body, and adverse events were assessed.Results: Out of 45 participants, 39 completed the trial and expressed satisfaction within the modified intention-to-treat group. The average 20-minute PWG of participants was 17.2±33.6 g at baseline and significantly dropped to 5.3±16.2 g at visit 3 with device application. A total of 87.2% of participants exhibited a reduction ratio of PWG by 50% or more, surpassing the clinical trial success benchmark of 76%. The mean compliance was recorded as 76.6%±26.6%, the average visual analogue scale score for patient satisfaction was 6.4±2.6, and the sensation of a foreign body, measured on a 5-point Likert scale, was 3.1±1.2 after 1 week of device use. No serious adverse events were reported; there was 1 instance of microscopic hematuria and 2 cases of pyuria, all of which recovered.Conclusions: The investigated device demonstrated significant clinical effectiveness and safety for patients with stress urinary incontinence. It was easy to use, showing favorable patient compliance. We propose that these disposable intravaginal pessaries could potentially be an alternative treatment for patients with stress urinary incontinence who are seeking nonsurgical options or are unable to undergo surgery.Trial Registration: The study was registered as a clinical trial (KCT0008369).

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Ajibola, S. I., S. O. Obasa, A. K. Akintokun, and I. Abdulraheem. "Body weight changes, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Aloe barbadensis leaves." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i1.2784.

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Immuno-nutrition studies have shown that some nutrients are linked to the immunological status of fish. Growth performance, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora were examined in Clarias gariepinus. The 120 C. gariepimus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g)were fed Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets in 40L freshwater-filled plastic tanks ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. The experimental diets containing 40% crude protein were supplemented with three concentration of A. barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1-1%; ABL2-2%; ABL3-3% and control-0%. Mean weight gain (MWG) and percentage weight gain (PWG) increased (p<0.05) as the concentration of A. barbadensis increased. MWG (17.95±0.78) and PWG (772.2±54.94) were highest in fish fed ABL3 and lowest MWG (11.92±1.16) and PWG (17.95±0.78) in fish fed control diet. Nutrients were better utilized among the diets supplemented group at different significant levels (p < 0.05). The highest value of ANPU was observed in ABL1 when compared to all other treatments including the control. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the total bacterial counts (TBC) in A. barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets and the control having the highest TBC (23.67 ±0.88 x 105 CFU/ml). Growth of total fungal counts (TFC) was not observed in ABLI. There was a reduction in TFC as the concentration increased in the other supplemented diets, and the control having the highest TFC (7.67 ± 0.44 x 105CFU/ml). The study concluded that inclusion of 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste as supplement in the diet could effectively improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus. A. barbadensis leaves-paste could also reduce the microbial load of the fish.

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Ajibola, S. I., S. O. Obasa, A. K. Akintokun, and I. Abdulraheem. "Body weight changes, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Aloe barbadensis leaves." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i2.725.

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Immuno-nutrition studies have shown that some nutrients are linked to the immunological status of fish. Growth performance, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora were examined in Clarias gariepinus. The 120 C. gariepinus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g) were fed with Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets in 40L freshwater-filled plastic tanks ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. The experimental diets containing 40% crude protein were supplemented with three concentration of A. barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1–1%; ABL2–2%; ABL3–3% and control–0%. Mean weight gain (MWG) and percentage weight gain (PWG) increased (p<0.05) as the concentration of A. barbadensis increased. MWG (17.95±0.78) and PWG (772.2±54.94) were highest in fish fed ABL3 and lowest MWG (11.92±1.16) and PWG (17.95±0.78) in fish fed control diet. Nutrients were better utilized among the diets supplemented group at different significant levels (p < 0.05). The highest value of ANPU was observed in ABL1 when compared to all other treatments including the control. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the total bacterial counts (TBC) in A. barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets and the control having the highest TBC (23.67 ± 0.88 x 105CFU/ml). Growth of total fungal counts (TFC) was not observed in ABL1. There was a reduction in TFC as the concentration increased in the other supplemented diets, and the control having the highest TFC (7.67 ± 0.44 x 105 CFU/ml). The study concluded that inclusion of 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste as supplement in the diet could effectively improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus. A. barbadensis leaves-paste could also reduce the microbial load of the fish.

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Takada, Yosuke, and Kanin Keeratipongpaiboon. "Health Needs Assessment in Disasters by Emergency Medical Teams in the ASEAN Region." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s134—s135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002942.

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Introduction:Japan International Cooperation Agency has started the project for strengthening the ASEAN regional capacity on disaster health management (ARCH Project) since 2016. This project conducted the start-up regional collaboration drill in ASEAN. All participants from ASEAN countries realized the need for a standardized assessment tool. Several UN agencies and international organizations launched assessment tools, but there is no standard assessment tool.Aim:To develop an integrated rapid health needs assessment (HNA) tool in the ASEAN region. This paper reports the development process of the HNA tool.Methods:The project established the project working group (PWG) to developing some tools. PWG consisted of the expert team, project team, Japanese Advisory group and twenty delegates from ten ASEAN member states. PWG established the cycle of the developing process of the HNA tool.Results:We created a health needs assessment form and a summary form. The assessment form consists of (1) Informant information, (2) Site information, (3) Overall situation of the site, (4) Public health, (5) Health facility damage. The summary form consists of (1) Informant information, (2) Site information, (3) Critical areas for support, (4) Situation of the site.Discussion:Frequently, the public health emergency operation center in an affected country is not able to obtain the critical information of an affected area in the acute phase of disasters. This HNA tool would be used in the acute phase by the Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) because the EMT has mobility and workforce for assisting the affected country. We have agreed on the usage of the assessment form as a kind of an “interview guide”. The purpose of this assessment form is to assess a disaster situation. The next step will be to provide more opportunities for the ASEAN member states to use and learn more about this HNA form.

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Zhao, Ye, Jin-Yang Li, Qin Jiang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng, Yang Liu, Wei-Dan Jiang, et al. "Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris." Cells 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020327.

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(1) Background: l-leucine (Leu) plays a positive role in regulating protein turnover in skeletal muscle in mammal. However, the molecular mechanism for the effects of Leu on muscle growth and protein deposition is not clearly demonstrated in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary Leu on growth performance and muscle growth, protein synthesis, and degradation-related signaling pathways of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). (2) Methods: A total of 630 hybrid catfish (23.19 ± 0.20 g) were fed 6 different experimental diets containing graded levels of Leu at 10.0 (control), 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, and 40.0 g Leu kg-1 for 8 weeks. (3) Results: Results showed that dietary Leu increased percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), FI (feed intake), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), muscle fibers diameter, and muscle fibers density; up-regulated insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), myogenic regulation factors (MyoD, Myf5, MyoG, and Mrf4), and MyHC mRNA levels; increased muscle protein synthesis via regulating the AKT/TOR signaling pathway; and attenuated protein degradation via regulating the AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that Leu has potential role to improve muscle growth and protein deposition in fish, which might be due to the regulation of IGF mRNA expression, muscle growth related gene, and protein synthesis and degradation-related signaling pathways. Based on the broken-line model, the Leu requirement of hybrid catfish (23.19-54.55 g) for PWG was estimated to be 28.10 g kg-1 of the diet (73.04 g kg-1 of dietary protein). These results will improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for muscle growth and protein deposition effects of Leu in fish.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PWG-1"

Greenhut, William Bradley. "Development of an asporogenic mutant of Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12172003-143418/.

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Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1 is a keratin-degrading, spore-forming bacterium isolated from a poultry waste digester. A mutant of B. licheniformis PWD-1, named B. licheniformis WBG-2, was developed that is deficient in sporulation. The mutation was created using the Splicing by Overlap-Extension PCR method (Gene SOE?ing) to create a 256bp deletion in the spoIIAC gene, which encodes an essential sporulation-specific sigma factor. In-vivo gene replacement was accomplished with the use of a temperature-sensitive plasmid that is able to integrate and excise from the B. licheniformis chromosome. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to confirm the deletion, while heat-treatment assays and electron microscopy verified the absence of spores. The mutant, while completely asporogenic, is able to expresses normal levels of keratinase as compared with B. licheniformis PWD-1.

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Al, Maskari Raya. "Large artery stiffness : genes and pathways." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277874.

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Aortic stiffness underlies systolic hypertension, promotes heart failure and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is regarded as a primary driver of left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic aneurysms and is linked to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment, stroke and renal failure. Like most cardiovascular traits, aortic stiffness is a complex trait and is moderately heritable, yet the precise molecular mechanisms that underpin the stiffening process remain poorly defined. This study aimed to employ multiple approaches to further identify the genetic basis of aortic stiffness in a large repository of human donor aortas that had undergone ex vivo pulse wave velocity (PWV) phenotyping. The first part of this work sought to investigate the molecular basis of Loeys-Dietz type 4 syndrome in a pedigree with multiple cases of aortic aneurysms and dissections. A missense variant p.(Arg320Cys) was identified in a highly evolutionary conserved region of TGFB2. There was striking upregulation of TGFB1, TGFB2 and pSMAD2/3 on imunocytochemical straining and western blotting of the aortic tissue from the index case confirming the functional importance of the variant. This case highlighted the striking paradox of predicted loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2 causing enhanced TGFβ signalling in this emerging familial aortopathy and underscored the significance of TGFβ signalling in aortic extracellular matrix biology. The second part of this work attempted to characterise the biological basis for the susceptibility locus identified in the most recent genome wide analysis of carotid-femoral PWV. While the locus lies within the 14q32.2 gene desert, it contains regulatory elements, with the transcriptional regulator B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B (BCL11B) and non-coding RNA DB129663 representing potential targets for these enhancers. The association of five lead SNPs from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis was examined for ex vivo aortic stiffness and BCL11B and DB129663 aortic mRNA expression. Three of the five SNPs associated significantly with PWV and showed allele-specific differences in BCL11B mRNA. The risk alleles associated with lower BCL11B suggesting a protective role for BCL11B. Despite the strong association, BCL11B protein was not detected in the human aorta; however, qPCR for CD markers showed that BCL11B transcript correlated strongly with markers for activated lymphocytes. In contrast, DB129663 transcripts were detected in 55% of the samples, and of the five SNPs only one showed allele-specific differences in aortic DB129663 transcripts. No significant differences were observed in PWV between samples expressing or lack- ing DB129663, and therefore the implication of this lncRNA in aortic stiffness remains elusive. The BCL11B transcript detected in the human aorta may reflect lymphocyte infiltration, suggesting that immune mechanisms contribute to the observed association with PWV. For the final part of this work genetic associations with aortic stiffness were explored in a candidate gene-based study utilising tagging SNPs to effectively capture the genetic information from linkage disequilibrium blocks. Association analyses were performed in young, healthy ENIGMA study par- ticipants selected for high and low PWV values then validated in the remaining ENIGMA cohorts. The association of four lead SNPs was then examined for ex vivo aortic stiffness in human donor aortas. The tissue expression of these SNPs and their encoded proteins was also explored. Neither the aggrecan nor the fibulin-1 SNPs showed significant associations with ex vivo PWV in the donor aortas. The exonic aggrecan tagSNP rs2882676 displayed differential transcript abundance between homozygous allele carriers but this did not translate at the protein level. Both aggrecan and fibulin-1 were found in the aortic wall, but with marked differences in the distribution and glycosylation of aggrecan, reflecting loss of chondroitin-sulphate binding domains. These differences were age-dependent but the striking finding was the acceleration of this process in stiff versus elastic young aortas. These findings suggest that aggrecan and fibulin-1 have critical roles in determining the biomechanics of the aorta and their modification with age could underpin age-related aortic stiffening.

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Vrabec, Miroslav. "Řídící jednotka pro aeroponický pěstební systém." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219914.

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This thesis deals with the history of a method of plants cultivation without original substrate. The method is hydroponics and its subsequent development is called aeroponics. This work outlines the design of the whole aeroponic system including a control unit. The control unit has been designed to control the injection of nutrient solution, which is essential to the life of plants.Further, the control unit performs the control of lighting period, temperature, air flow and also regulation of nutrient solution pH. The control unit also keeps records of all data necessary for the monitoring process and for the evaluation of time differencies in the system.

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Carneiro, André Luis Machado. "Protease monocomponente obtida a partir de Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1 em dietas com diferentes valorizações nutricionaispara frangos de corte." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7054.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding the protease enzyme 0.05% (Cibenza DP 100) in diets for broilers based on corn and soybean meal with two nutritional matrices. Two experiments were conducted with 5 treatments with a basal corn and soybean meal diet: T1 – basal diet with valued protease matrix twice without the enzyme, T2 – basal diet with valued protease nutritional matrix once without enzyme, T3 – basal diet, T4 – basal diet with valued protease nutritional matrix twice with enzyme and T5 – basal diet with valued protease nutritional matrix once with enzyme. The first experiment was carried out with 1280 chicks Cobb500 strain of 1 to 42 days and the second experiment was carried out with 120 chicks housed in the first experiment, and the chicks were housed in battery cages from 17 to 21 days for digestibility study. The experimental design of the experiments was a randomized block, being in the first experiment the row in the experimental industrial shed the criteria for distribution of the blocks, with 5 treatments and 8 repetitions each containing 32 broilers per box. In the second experiment the floor of the cage was the criteria distribution of the blocks, with 5 treatments and 6 repetitions each containing 4 broilers per cage. The analyzed variables were: digestibility, carcass yield, rest, thighs, wings, abdominal fat and performance variables. In all treatments the data were subjected to analysis of variance, evaluated by the R program, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 10% significance. In the first experiment, it was observed a statistical difference (P <0.10) in the final mean weight, weight gain and feed intake in the pre-initial phase with beneficial results with the enzyme supplementation with valued protease nutritional matrix once. In the period from 1 to 21 days, there was a statistical difference (P <0.10) in feed intake and feed conversion, but with positive results for the control treatment. In the cut yield, there was no statistical difference (P> 0.10) in the most used cuts, similar results between the treatments and the control. Statistically different result (P <0.10) was found with the lowest proportion of abdominal fat in the diet fed with diet supplemented with the enzyme and nutritional matrix valued at one time. In the second experiment, statistical difference (P <0.10) was observed for nitrogen balance, which was positive, resulting in higher retention of nitrogen with lower excretion in the environment. The dry matter retention also showed a statistically different result (P <0.10), with a positive result for the supplementation with the enzyme together with greater metabolizability of the dry matter. Based on this study, the protease enzyme supplementation is recommended along with a valued protease nutritional matrix once, in the pre-initial phase of life of the birds, in order to have a better final weight, better weight gain, lower feed intake, lower proportion of abdominal fat, positive nitrogen balance and higher dry matter retention. Based on this work, it is recommended to supplement the protease enzyme with a valued protease nutritional matrix, especially in the pre-initial phase, in order to have a better final weight, better weight gain, lower feed intake, lower abdominal fat ratio, positive nitrogen balance and higher dry matter retention. In the other stages of life of the birds (initial, growth and final) the enzyme supplementation with a valued protease nutritional matrix was also beneficial, since the results in performance, cut yield and metabolizability were equivalent to control. The treatment diets are reduced in nutritional levels if compared to control diet with ideal dietary level for the broilers, resulting in less expense with the nutrients and maintaining a high yield.
Objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa avaliar o efeito da adição da enzima protease 0,05% (Cibenza DP 100) em dietas para frangos de corte a base de milho e farelo de soja. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com 5 tratamentos cada. Todas as rações foram elaboradas com milho e farelo de soja, diferenciando no seguinte: T1 - ração basal com a matriz da protease valorizada em duas vezes sem a enzima, T2 - ração basal com a matriz da protease valorizada em uma vez sem a enzima, T3 - ração basal, T4 - ração basal com a matriz da protease valorizada em duas vezes com a enzima e T5 – ração basal com a matriz da protease valorizada em uma vez com a enzima. O primeiro experimento foi realizado com 1280 pintos da linhagem Cobb500 de 1 a 42 dias e o segundo com 120 pintos alojados em baterias de gaiolas de 17 a 21 dias para ensaio de digestibilidade. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo no experimento 1 a localização da parcela experimental dentro do galpão, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições cada, contendo 32 aves por box. No experimento 2 o andar da gaiola foi o critério de distribuição dos blocos, com 5 tratamentos e 6 repetições cada, contendo 4 aves por gaiola. As variáveis analisadas nos experimentos 1 e 2 foram: digestibilidade, rendimento de carcaça, peito, coxas, asas, gordura abdominal e variáveis de desempenho. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância, avaliados por meio do programa R, e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 10% de significância. No primeiro experimento, observou-se diferença estatística (P<0,10) no peso médio final, ganho de peso e consumo de ração na fase pré-inicial com resultados benéficos com a suplementação da enzima com valorização em uma vez da matriz nutricional. Já no período de 1 a 21 dias, houve diferença estatística (P<0,10) no consumo de ração e conversão alimentar, porém com resultados positivos para o tratamento controle. No rendimento de cortes, não houve nenhuma diferença estatística (P>0,10) nos cortes mais utilizados, resultados semelhantes entre os tratamentos e o controle. Resultado diferente estatisticamente (P<0,10) foi encontrado com a menor proporção de gordura abdominal na parcela alimentada com dieta suplementada com a enzima e matriz nutricional valorizada em uma vez. No segundo experimento, observou-se diferença estatística (P<0,10) para balanço de nitrogênio sendo este positivo, resultando em maior retenção de nitrogênio com menor excreção no ambiente. A retenção de matéria seca também mostrou um resultado diferente estatisticamente (P<0,10), com resultado positivo para a suplementação com a enzima juntamente com maior metabolizabilidade da matéria seca. Baseado nesse trabalho recomenda-se a suplementação da enzima protease juntamente com uma valorização da matriz nutricional, principalmente na fase pré-inicial, para que se tenha melhor peso médio final, melhor ganho de peso, menor consumo de ração, menor proporção de gordura abdominal, balanço positivo de nitrogênio e maior retenção de matéria seca. Nas outras fases de vida das aves (inicial, crescimento e final) a suplementação da enzima com a valorização da matriz nutricional também se mostrou benéfica, visto que os resultados em desempenho, rendimento de cortes e metabolizabilidade foram equivalentes ao do tratamento controle. As dietas tratamento são reduzidas em níveis nutricionais se comparadas com a dieta controle com o nível dietético ideal para as aves, isso acaba resultando em menor gasto com os nutrientes e mantendo uma alta produção.

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MAI, LUIZ A. "Analise tecnico-economico do ciclo de combustivel 'Tandem'. Um estudo do caso Brasil-Argentina." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1997. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10684.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Bjarnegård, Niclas. "Aspects on wall properties of the brachial artery in man : with special reference to SLE and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11273.

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The mechanical properties of the arterial wall are of great importance for blood pressure regulation and cardiac load. With increasing age, large arteries are affected by increased wall stiffness. Furthermore, atherosclerotic manifestations may increase the stiffness even further, both processes acting as independent cardiovascular risk factors affecting the arterial system in a heterogeneous way. The aims of this thesis was to characterize the local mechanical properties of brachial artery (BA) with the aid of ultrasound technique and to evaluate the influence of 1) age, gender, sympathetic stimulation and examination site; 2) type 1 diabetes (DM) and its association to circulatory biomarkers; and 3) to evaluate the general properties of the arterial system with the aid of pulse wave velocity (PWV) as well as pulse wave analysis (PWA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and correlate the findings to disease activity and circulatory biomarkers. In the most proximal arterial segment of the upper arm a pronounced age-related decrease in wall distensibility, increase in intima-media thickness (IMT), and a slight increase in diameter were seen. Sympathetic stimulation had no influence on wall mechanics. More distally in BA, no change in diameter, and only minor increase in IMT and decrease in distensibility were seen. No gender differences were found. These findings suggest that the principle transit zone between elastic and muscular artery behaviour is located in the proximal part of the upper arm. Women with uncomplicated insulin-dependent DM had similar diameter, IMT and distensibility in their distal BA as controls, whereas flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was slightly, and nitrate mediated dilatation (NMD) markedly reduced. NMD was negatively correlated with higher HbA1c levels. Vascular smooth muscle cell function seems to be an early manifestation of vascular disease in women with DM, influenced by long-term hyperglycaemia. Women with SLE had increased aortic PWV compared to controls, a finding positively associated with increased levels of complement factor 3 (C3), but not with disease activity. The increased stiffness of central arteries may be one factor contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk seen in SLE.

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FER, NELSON C. "Medidas de parametros neutronicos de veneno queimavel de Alsub(2)Osub(3)-Bsub(4)C para reatores PWR." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10851.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Ayhan, Ufuk. "Investigation Of Dc Bus Current Harmonics In Two And Three Level Three-phase Inverters." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614182/index.pdf.

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Within scope of this work, double-fourier analysis method of rapid calculation and detailed simulation method, which are used to investigate DC bus current harmonics in two level and three level three-phase inverters systematically, will be emphasized and two methods will be compared via applying different modulation techniques. In addition, DC bus currents will be investigated visually for various working conditions and modulation methods. After that, analysis methods will be applied and harmonic spectrums will be determined. After all, it will be showed that calculated harmonic spectrums could be treated as unified harmonics around certain frequencies and these unified harmonics could be reached easily via looking at predetermined table. Moreover, it will also be showed that unified harmonic values could be used to determine harmonic current components that are necessary for sizing DC bus capacitor and could be used in various inverter analysis.

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Karaduman, Ferdi. "Adaptive Control Of Dc Link Current In Current Source Converter Based Statcom For Improving Its Power Losses." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615310/index.pdf.

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In conventional three-phase PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) current source converter based STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) applications, DC link current is kept constant at a predefined value and the reactive power of STATCOM is controlled by varying modulation index. This control strategy causes unnecessary power losses especially when the reactive power of STATCOM is low. For this purpose, in order to reduce the active power drawn by STATCOM, the modulation index can be maximized by adjusting DC link current. Within the scope of this thesis, an adaptive control of DC link current will be designed and applied to a 0.4kV 50kVAr three phase current source converter based STATCOM so that the power losses can be reduced. The theoretical work will be compared and discussed with the experimental results.

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Bini, S. "EFFETTO DELLA VELOCITÀ DI ASSUNZIONE DI CIBO E DELLA PALATABILITA¿ SULLA SECREZIONE DI PEPTIDI GASTROINTESTINALI NELL¿ OBESITA¿ SEMPLICE E GENETICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/354179.

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Anorexigenic gastrointestinal hormones as peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and orexigenic hormone ghrelin influence the activity of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons in the hypothalamous. The ARC plays a crucial role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. In contrast, the mesolimbic dopamine system encodes subjective ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ of palatable foods, which is subjected to modulation by the hindbrain and the hypothalamic homeostatic circuits and by satiety and adiposity hormones. Reportedly, obesity reflects an energy imbalance in which genetically susceptible individuals become increasingly vulnerable to an ‘obesogenic’ environment. Dietary and behavioral approaches to severe obesity are frequently associated with limited persistent success over the time rendering bariatric surgery one of the more promising therapy for “super-obese” patients. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a purely “restrictive” operation applied in patients with body mass index (BMI) <50 kg/m2. Although early enthusiastic results on weight loss after LSG have been published, the underlying mechanism(s) of weight loss is still unknown and it could involve pos-LSG alterations of gastrointestinal hormones. Nowadays the number of overweight and obese people in the world are roughly 2 billion in 2013. The lifestyle of the modern civilization facilitates diffusion of fast feeding and, consequently, high energy intake. At the same time hedonic hunger may powerfully stimulate food intake in an environment where highly palatable foods are omnipresent and contribute to the diffusion of overweight and obesity. Therefore, understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying these eating behaviors may help to contrast it. The anorexigenic action of PYY is preserved in obese patients, although the circulating level of the peptide is low during fast and postprandial phase. obese individuals actually display low circulating ghrelin levels that could suggest greater sensitivity to the hormone. A pathogenic role for ghrelin has been suggested in individuals with genomic obesity as Prader–Willi syndrome, where hyperghrelinism precedes the development of obesity. On the contrary, only few studies have investigated postprandial GLP-1 and PYY in PWS, besides reporting conflicting results. Since the critical rule of gastrointestinal hormones in homeostatic and hedonic regulation of food intake and in the physiophatology of obesity we decided to study dynamically their secretion in association with eating behavior involved with the development of obesity. Particularly we conducted three studies: Study 1: evaluation of post-prandial anorexigenic gut peptide, appetite and glucometabolic responses at different eating rates in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Aim of this study was to determine whether eating the same meal at different rates (fast vs. slow feeding) evokes different post-prandial anorexigenic gut peptide responses in ten obese patients undergoing LSG. Circulating levels of GLP-1, PYY, glucose, insulin and triglycerides were measured before and 3 months after LSG. Visual analog scales were used to evaluate the subjective feelings of hunger and satiety. Irrespective of the operative state, either fast or slow feeding did not stimulate GLP-1 release (vs. 0 min); plasma levels of PYY were increased (vs. 0 min) by fast and slow feeding only after LSG. There were no differences in post-prandial levels of GLP-1 when comparing fast to slow feeding or pre- to post-operative state. Plasma levels of PYY after fast or slow feeding were higher in post- than preoperative state, with no differences when comparing PYY release after fast and slow feeding. Hunger and satiety were decreased and increased, respectively, (vs. 0 min) by food intake. Fast feeding evoked a higher satiety than slow feeding in either preor post-operative state, with no differences in hunger. In pre- or post-operative state there were similar responses for hunger and satiety after food intake. Finally, LSG improved insulin resistance after either fast or slow feeding. These (negative) findings would suggest a negligible contribution of the anorexigenic gut peptide responses in LSG-induced weight loss. Study 2: anticipatory and consummatory effects of (hedonic) chocolate intake on PYY, GLP-1, ghrelin and endocannabinoid secretion in obese adults previously satiated. To explore the role of some gastrointestinal orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides and endocannabinoids (and some related congeners) in chocolate consumption, we measured changes in circulating levels of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), anandamide (AEA), 2-AG, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in 10 satiated severely obese subjects after consumption of chocolate and, on a separate day, of a non-palatable isocaloric food with the same bromatologic composition. Evaluation of hunger and satiety was also performed by visual analogic scale. The anticipatory phase and the consumption of food for pleasure were associated with increased circulating levels of ghrelin, AEA, 2-AG, and OEA. In contrast, the levels of GLP-1, PYY, and PEA did not differ before and after the exposure/ingestion of either chocolate or non-palatable foods. Hunger and satiety were higher and lower, respectively, in the hedonic session than in the non-palatable one. When motivation to eat is generated by exposure to, and consumption of, chocolate a peripheral activation of specific endogenous rewarding chemical signals, including ghrelin, AEA, and 2-AG, is observed in obese subjects. Although preliminary, these findings predict the effectiveness of ghrelin and endocannabinoid antagonists in the treatment of obesity. Study 3: evaluation of post-prandial anorexigenic gut peptide, appetite and glucometaboplic responses at different eatin rates in adult PWS patients The effect of eating rate on the release of anorexigenic gut peptides in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurogenetic disorder clinically characterized by hyperphagia and excessive obesity, has not been investigated so far.Postprandial PYY and GLP-1 levels to fast (5 min) and slow (30 min) ice cream consumption were measured in PWS adult patients and age-matched patients with simple obesity and normal-weighted subjects. Visual analog scales (VASs) were used to evaluate the subjective feelings of hunger and satiety. Fast ice cream consumption stimulated GLP-1 release in normal subjects, a greater increase being observed with slow feeding. Fast or slow feeding did not change circulating levels of GLP-1 in obese patients, while, unexpectedly, fast feeding (but not slow feeding) stimulated GLP-1 release in PWS patients. Plasma PYY concentrations increased in all groups, irrespective of the eating rate. Slow feeding was more effective in stimulating PYY release in normal subjects, while fast feeding was more effective in PWS patients. Slow feeding evoked a lower hunger and higher satiety compared with fast feeding in normal subjects, this finding being not evident in obese patients. Unexpectedly, fast feeding evoked a lower hunger and higher satiety in PWS patients in comparison with slow feeding. Fast feeding leads to higher concentrations of anorexigenic gut peptides and favours satiety in PWS adult patients, this pattern being not evident in age-matched patients with simple obesity, thus suggesting the existence of a different pathophysiological substrate in these two clinical conditions.

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Books on the topic "PWG-1"

China tattoo =: $1!04!7o!Pw![-(B. San Francisco, Calif: Last Gasp, 2008.

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Titran, Robert H. Creep strength of niobium alloys, Nb-1%Zr and PWC-11. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1989.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Creep strength and niobium alloys, Nb-1%Zr and PWC-11. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1989.

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Guard, United States Coast, ed. Auxiliary Boat Crew Qualification Guide, Volume III: PWC Operator, November 1, 2000. [S.l: s.n., 2004.

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Guard, United States Coast, ed. CH-1 To Auxiliary Boat Crew Qualification Guide, Volume III: PWC Operator, COMDTINST M16794.54, February 11, 2002. [S.l: s.n., 2004.

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Great Britain. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution. Radioactive Substances Act 1993: Decisions by the Chief Inspector and the Minister on applications by the AGR & PWR Company Limited to dispose of radioactive wastes from the Dungeness B, Hartlepool, Heysham 1, Heysham 2, Hinkley Point B and Sizewell B nuclear power stations. [London]: Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1996.

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Historia świata.: Encyklopedia PWN, T. 1-3. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2007.

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Nelson, Taylor. MIC2168 - 1 MHz PWM Synchronous Buck Control IC. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2020.

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PWN Test Prep: Extra SAT Math Practice Volume 1. PWN Test Prep, 2019.

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Cwestiynau Pwysig Mewn Crefydd: 1. Byd Pwy Ydy Hwn? UWIC Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "PWG-1"

Steinweg, Carl. "PW Teilprozeß 1: Wartungsumgebung bereitstellen." In Praxis der Anwendungsentwicklung, 172. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89478-6_47.

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Borowik, Bohdan. "Acoustic signal of 1 kHz frequency generated with PWM module." In Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers to Peripherial Devices, 10–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1119-8_5.

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Wu, Zhilu, Yanxiong Liu, Xiufeng He, Kai Guo, Lina He, and Menghao Li. "Research on Retrieval of PWV Based on PPP and NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis 1 Data." In China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2017 Proceedings: Volume I, 285–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4588-2_25.

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Rosino, L., and T. Iijima. "Spectroscopic Evolution of Nova VUL 1984 No. 1 (PW Vul) and No. 2." In Cataclysmic Variables. Recent Multi-Frequency Observations and Theoretical Developments, 157–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3801-4_24.

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Mirchandani, Dinesh A. "A Deterrence Theory Perspective on Personal Web Usage." In Personal Web Usage in the Workplace, 111–24. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-148-3.ch006.

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Personal Web usage (PWU) in the workplace is a matter of considerable concern to organizations today. However, human resources managers are not fully aware of the range of actions they can take to reduce PWU. This chapter examines general deterrence theory in the context of PWU and identifies actions that managers can take to reduce PWU. It uses a two-stage research methodology consisting of: (1) interviews with managers to gather qualitative data, and (2) a field survey of end users to gather quantitative data on PWU. It finds support for the deterrence theory and recommends that managers use a sequential implementation of four deterrence stages to contain PWU. These are: (1) framing an ‘Internet use policy,’ (2) implementing measures to prevent PWU such as restricting Internet access only to certain employees, (3) implementing appropriate content management software to detect PWU, and (4) standardizing policies to remedy non-acceptable Web usage. These four deterrence stages can protect an organization from the harmful effects of PWU of its employees.

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Chan, Veronica K., and Christine W. Chan. "Development of the Enhanced Piece-Wise Linear Neural Network Algorithm." In Research Anthology on Artificial Neural Network Applications, 283–305. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2408-7.ch013.

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This chapter discusses development, application, and enhancement of a decomposition neural network rule extraction algorithm for nonlinear regression problems. The dual objectives of developing the algorithms are (1) to generate good predictive models comparable in performance to the original artificial neural network (ANN) models and (2) to “open up” the black box of a neural network model and provide explicit information in the form of rules that are expressed as linear equations. The enhanced PWL-ANN algorithm improves upon the PWL-ANN algorithm because it can locate more than two breakpoints and better approximate the hidden sigmoid activation functions of the ANN. Comparison of the results produced by the two versions of the PWL-ANN algorithm showed that the enhanced PWL-ANN models provide higher predictive accuracies and improved fidelities compared to the originally trained ANN models than the PWL-ANN models.

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Chan, Veronica K., and Christine W. Chan. "Development of the Enhanced Piece-Wise Linear Neural Network Algorithm." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 104–26. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3038-2.ch006.

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Chmielewska-Śmietanko, Dagmara, and Agnieszka Miśkiewicz. "Batch, fixed-bed column and hybrid membrane process studies of radiocesium removal from contaminated water by nanocomposite SiEA-KNiFe sorbent." In Waste PET-MOF-Cleanwater: Waste PET-Derived Metal-Organic Framework (MOFs) as Cost-Effective Adsorbents for Removal of Hazardous Elements from Polluted Water, 33–44. UJ Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/9781776419463-03.

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Currently, there are more than 440 nuclear fission reactors in 30 countries generating about 12% of the world’s supply of electricity [1, 2]. Most of the commercial nuclear power reactors are light water reactors (LWRs). One of the three types of LWRs is the pressurised water reactor (PWR), which is the most common construction of nuclear reactors and constitutes about 60% of the world’s nuclear power plants [3]. In a PWR, light water serves as a coolant which removes the heat produced inside the reactor core by the nuclear fission reaction. Moreover, in PWR, water is also a moderator which slows down neutrons that are released during the nuclear fission process [4].

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Zarcone, Jennifer, and Sarah Spencer Welsh. "Prader-Willi Syndrome." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0027.

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Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most common genetic cause of obesity and the first identified genetic imprinting syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by the lack of paternally expressed genes in the q11–q13 region of chromosome 15, while the nonexpression of maternally derived genes in the same region leads to Angelman syndrome (a neurologically distinct disorder causing severe mental impairment, seizures, and excessive laughter) (Oliver et al. 2007). Prader-Willi syndrome was first described in 1956 by Prader, Labhart, and Willi (in Butler, Lee, and Whitman 2006) and occurs in approximately 1 in 15,000 births. There is no racial or gender predilection for PWS (however, the syndrome is reported more frequently in Caucasians; Butler, Hanchett and Thompson 2006). Dysmorphic facial features are common in patients with PWS, although these are less specific than the clinical features. Findings may include almond-shaped eyes, strabismus, a narrow temple and nasal bridge, and a down-turned mouth with thin upper lip (Wattendorf and Muenke 2005). Initially, the syndrome was diagnosed via the frequency of key clinical features; however, diagnosis is currently made on the evaluation of gene expression. Prader-Willi syndrome has two distinct clinical phases: the neonatal phase and the hyperphagic (excessive eating) phase, which begins in early childhood. The primary characteristics of the neonatal phase include severe hypotonia, hyporeflexia, poor sucking ability, and decreased weight gain/failure to thrive due to inadequate oral intake, although birth weight is typically normal (McCandless 2005). Thus, feeding is a key concern in infants with PWS. Often, nasogastric tube feedings are employed, and infants are then weaned to breast- or bottle-feeding as they are able. While such difficulties may lead to the suggestion for feeding gastrostomy, this is best avoided due to the scarring effect, magnified by the excess truncal fat that will accumulate in later years (McCandless 2005). Developmental progress during infancy and early childhood is delayed, with most children sitting independently at 1 year and walking at about 2 years. Speech is also slow to advance, and language processing difficulties often continue into adulthood (Lewis 2006).

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Riess, R. "Paper 1. Current status of PWR primary coolant chemistry." In WATER CHEMISTRY OF NUCLEAR REACTOR SYSTEMS 4, 1–5. Thomas Telford Publishing, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wconrs4v1.03705.0001.

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Conference papers on the topic "PWG-1"

Blow, Keith J. "Nonlinear Loop Mirrors for All-Optical Switching." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.pwa.1.

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Martinson, Thomas M. "High-Speed Photonic Switching in Corporate Networks." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.pwb.1.

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The last decade has witnessed important advances in the area of optical communications. Unfortunately, technological progress has often outpaced system developments. Breakthroughs in wavelength conversion devices, high performance lasers, optical amplification, high-speed switching, and high-density optoelectronic integration have not always been matched by corresponding system applications [1-3]. As a result, optics remains mostly confined to the transport of information whereas switching and processing are still heavily dominated by electronics. Successful photonic switching applications will certainly for some time to come depend on both electronic and optical capabilities.

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Midwinter, J. E. "Sparsely-Filled Densely-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Networks." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.pwc.1.

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It has been clear for some time that optical fibre transmission systems have the potential to carry vastly greater amounts of traffic than they are currently used for. For example, in Fig.1, we show typical values for the insertion loss of a 50km fibre section in the 1500nm window and overlay it with an approximate representation of an Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA) gain spectrum. The combination promises transparency over a spectral window of about 35nm width, corresponding to a spectral bandwidth of approximately 4700 GHz. Dispersion in the fibre seems likely to limit the data rate transmitted over long distance circuits (say 1000km) to the region of 1Gbit/s unless optical equalisation techniques are employed or special low dispersion (dispersion shifted) fibres are employed. Moreover, it is clear that at the terminations of any long haul system, the signals will be reconverted to electrical form. Two questions have thus presented themselves to us. How can this awesome potential of the fibre be better used and, at the same time, how can such higher capacity signals be routed and distributed through a complex multinode network in a flexible manner without returning them to the electronic domain? This latter question raises key points about how the signals will be multiplexed in the optical domain.

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Gillani, A. A., M. N. Khan, and R. Khan. "Radioactive waste analysis of CNPP-1 (PWR) spent nuclear fuel." In 2015 Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pgsret.2015.7312217.

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Lee, Seong Ku, Tae Jun Yu, Jae Hee Sung, Tae Moon Jeong, Il Woo Choi, Jongmin Lee, and Dan Dumitras. "0.1-Hz 1-PW Ti:Sapphire Laser Facility." In LIGHT AT EXTREME INTENSITIES—OPPORTUNITIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES OF THE EXTREME LIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: LEI 2009. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3426049.

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Asada, Seiji, Kunimitsu Tatsuno, Masanori Toyoda, Yoshihiro Takayama, Naoaki Hirota, Yasushi Takayama, and Masakazu Tajima. "Environmental Fatigue Evaluation for Class 1 Components of an Advanced PWR." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28300.

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Environmentally assisted fatigue (EAF) evaluations for Class 1 components of an advanced PWR have been performed to comply with Regulatory Guide 1.207 and NUREG/CR-6909. The procedure consists of 3 steps. Step 1 is to use the maximum Fen values, Step 2 is to use the Modified Rate Approach and Step 3 is to use elastic-plastic Finite Element (FE) analysis with the Modified Rate Approach. This procedure can efficiently proceed with the evaluation. Also, the Class 1 components of an advanced PWR have satisfied with the code qualification requirement for EAF evaluation required by RG 1.207.

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Margarone, D., O. Klimo, I. J. Kim, J. Prokupek, Jiri Limpouch, T. M. Jeong, T. Mocek, et al. "Enhanced TNSA acceleration with 0.1-1 PW lasers." In SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, edited by Joachim Hein, Georg Korn, and Luis O. Silva. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2021196.

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Sung, Jae Hee, Seong Ku Lee, Tae Jun Yu, Tae Moon Jeong, and Jongmin Lee. "Development of 0.1-Hz 1-PW Ti:sapphire laser." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2010.jthg3.

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Salmon, John, Liping Wang, and Langdon Guay. "A current controller for 1-phase pwm rectifiers using real-time internal feedback of the pwm controller signals." In 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2006.295685.

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Liu, Tianqi, and Danwei Wang. "Parallel structure 6k ± 1 repetitive control for three-phase PWM inverters." In 2015 IEEE 10th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2015.7334254.

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Reports on the topic "PWG-1"

Buckely, G. D. Pre-Phase 1 Aging Assessment of the BWR and PWR Accumulators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1105008.

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Ireland, J. R. TRAC analyses of severe overcooling transients for the Oconee-1 PWR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5417530.

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Li, Xuan, Junjie Wang, Jing Mao, and Yunnan Li. Therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine fumigating plus Yang-He decoction for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0074.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the therapeutic effects of combined TCMF with YHD for AS patients. Condition being studied: Traditional Chinese medicine fumigating (TCMF) and Yang-He decoction (YHD) are widely used for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), whether combined used TCMF and YHD provides superior therapeutic effects for AS remained unclear. Eligibility criteria: (1) Patients: adult patients diagnosed with AS; (2) Treatments: TCMF plus YHD, TCMF, YHD, and WM; (3) Outcomes: the primary endpoint was effective rate, and the secondary endpoints including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Schober test (ST), thoracic expansion (TE), finger-floor distance (FFD), pillow-wall distance (PWD), spinal column activity (SCA), morning stiffness time (MST), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP); and (4) Study design: the study had to have RCT design.

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Hermann, O. W. San Onofre PWR Data for Code Validation of MOX Fuel Depletion Analyses -- Revision 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814624.

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Author, Not Given. Topical report on actinide-only burnup credit for PWR spent nuclear fuel packages. Revision 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/884970.

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GOLDBERG, H. J. Addendum 1 to CSER 78-001 PWR Core 2 Blanket Fuel Storage Cell 4 221T building. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798822.

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Sindelar, R. L. Reactor Materials Program -- weldment component toughness of SRS PWS piping materials. Task number: 89-023-1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10169736.

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Holman, G., and C. Chou. Probability of pipe failure in the reactor coolant loops of Westinghouse PWR Plants. Volume 1. Summary report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5655355.

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Holman, G., T. Lo, and C. Chou. Probability of pipe failure in the reactor coolant loops of Combustion Engineering PWR plants. Volume 1. Summary report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6112446.

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WITTEKIND, W. D. CSER-00-007 Addendum 1 Criticality Safety Evaluation of Shippingport PWR Core 2 Blanket Fuel Assemblies at Lower Exposures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807323.

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