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Giannitrapani, Lydia, Walter Granà, Anna Licata, Cosima Schiavone, Giuseppe Montalto, and Maurizio Soresi. "Nontumorous Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Role of β-Blockers." Medical Principles and Practice 27, no. 5 (2018): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492893.
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Objective: Nonselective β-blockers (NSBB) are used in liver cirrhosis (LC) to prevent variceal bleeding because they decrease portal pressure. A main risk factor for the development of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in LC is decreased portal vein inflow velocity. The aim of our study was to examine retrospectively the incidence of PVT and its correlation with the use of β-blockers in a cohort of LC patients. Subjects and Methods: Data from 230 LC patients (90% Child-Pugh class A), who had been followed up for at least 5 years, were reviewed. The diagnosis of PVT was made by ultrasound. The presence of PVT was evaluated with multiple logistic regression analysis where the independent variables were those significant in the univariate analysis. Results: The prevalence of PVT at baseline was 4.5%, and the incidence was 4.3% at 5 years; among the subjects taking β blockers, 46.4% were taking NSBB. A total of 19 PVT cases were found. Grade of esophageal varices (p < 0.01), PLT (p < 0.003), INR (p < 0.03), spleen diameter (p < 0.001) and PLT/spleen ratio (p < 0.0005) were significantly associated with PVT. The use of NSBB indicated a higher risk of PVT compared to selective β-blockers (SBB) (p < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis only the grade of esophageal varices was significant (p < 0.02). Univariate analysis of patients taking β-blockers showed an association of PVT with grade of esophageal varices (p < 0.01), CP class (p < 0.02), AST (p < 0.03), ALT and albumin (p < 0.02), PLT count and PLT/LD (p < 0.03), longitudinal diameter of the spleen (p < 0.005), ascites (p < 0.05), portal vein (p < 0.0001) and NSBB (OR 8.1; 95% CI 1.7–38.8). Conclusion: NSBB seem to play a role in PV thrombogenesis. Further studies are needed, especially in decompensated LC patients.
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Freytag, Rotraud, José Antonio Pérez Gil, and Reinhard Forstner. "pvT-Behavior of Polymers under Processing Conditions and Implementation in the Process Simulation." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.677.
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The development of high performance products at lowest possible product development-time and costs is the demand of the plastics industry today. A successful use of process simulation to describe the behavior of complex structures and to minimize the technical and economic risks for companies requires application and process-relevant material data.The pvT-behavior of polymers is an essential parameter for process simulations. Especially the dependence of the specific volume of pressure and temperature [1, 2] under process conditions is not mapped to the existing measurement methods.In this study pvT measurements were performed on selected amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers (PP, HDPE, POM, PBT, and ABS) with a Pirouette pvT device, a combination of a dilatometer and Couette rheometer. The specific volume was determined as a function of temperature (25-300°C) and at pressures ranging between 200-1000 bar. On top of that, the influence of the cooling rate was also investigated by pvT measurements performed at cooling rates of 0.1°C/s, 1°C/s and 100°C/s.The coefficients for the 2nd domain Tait pvT-model, which is implemented in the software Autodesk Moldflow, were determined by fitting the experimental pvT data and comparing them with the measured curves. As a result, the semi-crystalline polymers show a shift of the transition temperature to lower temperatures and a reduction in the specific volume in the melt is observed. For validation, in a case study shrinkage results in real were compared with the simulation.
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Chen, Xianmin, and Niraj K. Jha. "gem5-PVT." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 12, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2755564.
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Fudholi, Ahmad, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "R&D of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Systems: an Overview." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp803-810.
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<span>Photovoltaic thermal (PVT), which is the popular technology for harvesting solar energy, receive solar energy and convert it into electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. In this review, design, heat transfer, energy modelling and performance analysis of PVT systems are presented. Four types of PVT systems base on heat transfer medium; air-based PVT system, water-based PVT system, the combination of water/air-based PVT system, and nanofluid-based PVT system are presented. In addition, major finding on energy and exergy analysis of PVT systems are summarized. </span>
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Mikuła, Tomasz, Joanna Kozłowska, Wojciech Stańczak, Mariusz Sapuła, Aleksandra Różyk, and Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało. "Serum ADAMTS-13 Levels as an Indicator of Portal Vein Thrombosis." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2018 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3287491.
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Background. Coagulation disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis are a common clinical problem. Cirrhosis should be considered a state of impaired blood clotting or an imbalance of the whole coagulation system. Cirrhosis-induced coagulopathy encompasses disturbances in both the procoagulant and anticoagulant systems. This mechanism may promote the development of thrombosis with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), which is considered an obstacle to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We assessed serum ADAMTS-13 levels in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, with and without PVT. Material and Methods. Serum ADAMTS-13 levels, age, platelet count (PLT), and INR (international normalized ratio) were evaluated in (n=64) patients with liver cirrhosis either with PVT (group 1, n=31) or without PVT (group 2, n=33). The results were compared with those from healthy volunteers (group 3, n=37). Liver cirrhosis was based on Desmet’s classification of chronic hepatitis in liver biopsy stage ≥ 3 or liver elastography F-score ≥ 3. Serum ADAMTS-13 levels were measured with Quantikine® ELISA Human ADAMTS13 Immunoassay, R&D Systems Inc. We used Welch’s F-test, Games-Howell, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni test, and logistic regression to determine whether ADAMTS-13 levels were a predictor that was independent of MELD and Child-Pugh scores. All results (P<0.05) were considered statistically significant. Results. The mean serum ADAMTS-13 level in patients with PVT was significantly lower than that in patients without PVT (P=0.001) and controls (P=0.001). The mean serum ADAMTS-13 level in patients without PVT was significantly lower than that in controls (P=0.001). ADAMTS-13 levels were significantly associated with PVT accounting for the Child-Pugh or MELD score in the logistic regression model. Conclusions. Low serum ADAMTS-13 levels can be a useful indicator of portal thrombosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis irrespective of Child-Pugh or MELD scores. Further research is needed to determine whether ADAMTS-13 levels will find use in everyday clinical practice.
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Gairing, Simon Johannes, Peter Robert Galle, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Karel Kostev, and Christian Labenz. "Portal Vein Thrombosis Is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 5689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235689.
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Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a severe disease that adversely affects patients’ well-being. Data on the influence of PVT on the occurrence of depression or anxiety disorders are lacking. This study aimed to explore the impact of PVT on the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders diagnoses in a large German primary care cohort over a ten-year period. Patients with PVT were matched to non-PVT individuals by age, sex, yearly consultation frequency, index year and comorbidities in a 1:5 ratio. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders. The relationship between PVT and both depression and anxiety disorders was investigated using Cox regression models. We compared 547 patients with PVT with 2735 matched individuals without PVT. Within 5 years of the index date, 17.4% of patients with PVT and 9.3% of non-PVT individuals were diagnosed with depression (p < 0.001). Anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 5.5% and 3.0% of patients with PVT and non-PVT individuals, respectively (p = 0.002). On regression analyses, PVT was positively associated with incident depression (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.53–2.64, p < 0.001) as well as anxiety disorders (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.35–3.46, p = 0.001). Regarding depression, this association remained significant in women as well as in men. There was no association between PVT and the incidence of anxiety disorders in women. In conclusion, PVT is associated with the development of depression and anxiety disorders. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings before definitive recommendations can be made.
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Lu, Shenxin, Guohua Hu, Shiyao Chen, and Jian Wang. "Risk Factors of Portal Vein Thrombosis after Devascularization Treatment in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Nested Case-Control Study." BioMed Research International 2020 (August 27, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9583706.
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Background and Aim. To investigate the incidence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after devascularization treatment and to explore the risk factors of perioperative PVT and PVT diagnosed during the follow-up period after surgery. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records from cirrhosis patients who underwent devascularization for the treatment of portal hypertension in our hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 20, 2014. Patients were followed up to investigate the PVT incidence at different times after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups (PVT, no PVT), and the risk factors for PVT after surgery were determined. Results. Until October 16, 2015, the median follow-up time of the 124 patients enrolled into this study was 41.43 months (range, 5.47–95.30 months). 61 patients had perioperative PVT, and 21 (16.94%) patients had PVT diagnosed during the follow-up period. Those who had lower preoperative white blood cell counts, larger preoperative portal vein trunk diameter, and no gastric varices were more likely to have perioperative thrombosis. In those without perioperative PVT, a history of hypertension, higher grade of splenomegaly, and higher preoperative levels of creatinine were independent predictors of PVT occurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusions. The risk factors for perioperative PVT in cirrhotic patients after devascularization were lower preoperative white blood cell count and larger portal vein trunk diameter, with no gastric varices. A history of hypertension, a larger spleen, and higher preoperative creatinine level are independent predictors of PVT during follow-up after surgery in patients without perioperative PVT.
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Fudholi, Ahmad, Mariyam Fazleena Musthafa, Ivan Taslim, Merita Ayu Indrianti, Intan Noviantari Manyoe, and Mohd Yusof Othman. "Efficiency and energy modelling for PVT air collector with extended heat transfer area: a review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2029-2036.
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Solar energy is renewable and environment friendly and has been widely used in electricity generation and thermal energy through photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system. This system is beneficial in terms of maximum energy generation and cost of usage. The growing concern on energy sources and their usage has increased the significance and demand for PVT collectors. A PVT air collector consists of a PV panel and a thermal collector system. In PVT air collector, electricity and thermal energy are generated simultaneously. This review focuses on efficiency and energy modelling for PVT air collector with extended heat transfer area. Findings of this review indicated that PVT air collector with extended heat transfer area produced PVT efficiency higher than conventional PVT air collector. The thermal efficiency of PVT air collector for with and without extended heat transfer area are 21-83% and 12-70%, respectively, which the improvement of thermal efficiency is 15.7-42.8%.
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Danilă, Mirela, Ioan Sporea, Alina Popescu, and Roxana Șirli. "Portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis – the added value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography." Medical Ultrasonography 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu.2013.2066.182.pvt.
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Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis and its prevalence increases with the severity of liver disease. Patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma may have either malignant or blunt (benign) PVT. In these patients, the diagnosis and characterization of PVT is important for the prognosis and further treatment.Ultrasound (US) is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of PVT. The features of PVT on B-mode (gray-scale) US include: dilatation of the portal vein, visualization of the thrombus and, in chronic PVT- cavernous transformation. Sensitivity of US in the diagnosis of PVT is improved by the use of Doppler US and of ultrasound contrast agents. In the latter years, contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed high sensitivity in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant PVT and could be the diagnostic method of choice for the characterization of PVT. Blunt thrombi are avascular and will not enhance during CEUS examination, while a hyperenhancement pattern of the portal thrombus in the arterial phase, with “wash out” in the portal or late phase is typical for malignant PVT.
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Burciu, Călin, Roxana Șirli, Felix Bende, Renata Fofiu, Alina Popescu, Ioan Sporea, Ana-Maria Ghiuchici, Bogdan Miuțescu, and Mirela Dănilă. "Usefulness of Imaging and Biological Tools for the Characterization of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051145.
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This study aims to evaluate the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and biological tests to characterize portal vein thrombosis (PVT). We retrospectively analyzed 101 patients with PVT, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In all patients, demographic, biologic, imaging, and endoscopic data were collected. All patients underwent CEUS and a second line imaging technique (CE-CT/MRI) to characterize PVT. Of the 101 cirrhotic subjects, 77 (76.2%) had HCC. CEUS had 98.6% sensitivity (Se) and 89.3% specificity (Sp) for the characterization of PVT type. A significant correlation was found between alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and the PVT characterization at CEUS (r = 0.28, p = 0.0098) and CT/MRI (r = 0.3, p = 0.0057). Using the AFP rule-out cutoff values for HCC (AFP < 20 ng/dL), 78% of the subjects were correctly classified as having benign PVT, while 100% of the subjects were correctly classified as tumor-in-vein (TIV) when the rule-in cutoff value was used (AFP ≥ 200 ng/dL). Using multiple regression analysis, we obtained a score for classifying PVT. The PVT score performed better than CEUS (AUC—0.99 vs. AUC—0.93, p = 0.025) or AFP serum levels (AUC—0.99 vs. AUC—0.96, p = 0.047) for characterizing PVT. In conclusion, CEUS is a sensitive method for the characterization of PVT. The PVT score had the highest performance for PVT characterization.
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Mustika, Syifa, and Pratista Adi Krisna. "Non Cirrhotic Portal Vein Thrombosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge." Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy 22, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24871/221202179-83.
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Portal vein thrombosis (PVT), the second most common cause of portal hypertension, can be found in cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis patients. Various factors can cause non-cirrhosis PVT, such as biliary infection. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding without sign of liver failure, must be considered as non-cirrhosis PVT manifestation. Combining physical, laboratory, endoscopic and radiological examination is needed to establish the diagnosis of PVT. The principle of PVT management consists of 3 keypoints. They are prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding, prevention of recurrent thrombosis and portal cholangiopathy therapy. Many aspect should be considered regarding the administration of anticoagulants in PVT patients, especially chronic PVT with cavernomas.
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Wu, Feng-Ling, Si-Hai Chen, Jia-Ni Li, Liu-Jie Zhao, Xue-Mei Wu, Jie Hong, Ke-Hua Zhu, et al. "Projections from the Rostral Zona Incerta to the Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Mediate Nociceptive Neurotransmission in Mice." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020226.
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Zona incerta (ZI) is an integrative subthalamic region in nociceptive neurotransmission. Previous studies demonstrated that the rostral ZI (ZIR) is an important gamma–aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) source to the thalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVT), but whether the ZIR–PVT pathway participates in nociceptive modulation is still unclear. Therefore, our investigation utilized anatomical tracing, fiber photometry, chemogenetic, optogenetic and local pharmacological approaches to investigate the roles of the ZIRGABA+–PVT pathway in nociceptive neurotransmission in mice. We found that projections from the GABAergic neurons in ZIR to PVT were involved in nociceptive neurotransmission. Furthermore, chemogenetic and optogenetic activation of the ZIRGABA+–PVT pathway alleviates pain, whereas inhibiting the activities of the ZIRGABA+-PVT circuit induces mechanical hypersensitivity and partial heat hyperalgesia. Importantly, in vivo pharmacology combined with optogenetics revealed that the GABA-A receptor (GABAAR) is crucial for GABAergic inhibition from ZIR to PVT. Our data suggest that the ZIRGABA+–PVT pathway acts through GABAAR-expressing glutamatergic neurons in PVT mediates nociceptive neurotransmission.
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Fudholi, Ahmad, Muslizainun Mustapha, Ivan Taslim, Fitrotun Aliyah, Arthur Gani Koto, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collector with monofacial and bifacial solar cells: a review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2021-2028.
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Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors directly convert solar radiation into electrical and thermal energy. A PVT collector combines the functions of a PV panel and a flat plate solar collector. The development of PVT air collectors is a very promising research area. At present, PVT air collectors are used in solar drying and solar air heaters. On the basis of existing literature, most PVT air collectors were built by using monofacial PV modules. The bifacial PV modules had two active surfaces that could capture solar radiation with its front and rear surfaces. Additional sunlight absorption through both surfaces resulted in an enhanced electrical power generation compared with the conventional monofacial PV. Therefore, bifacial PVT was considered to be useful and attractive due to its potential of enhancing overall system performances, including energy and exergy efficiencies. Findings of this review indicated that PVT air collector with bifacial solar cell produced a larger amount of electrical energy, which was approximately 40% higher than a monofacial PVT. The energy and exergy efficiencies of PVT air collector with monofacial solar cells range from 27% to 94% and from 4% to 18%, respectively. For bifacial PVT, the energy and exergy efficiencies of PVT air collector range from 28% to 67% and from 8.2% to 8.4%, respectively.
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Gairing, Simon Johannes, Peter Robert Galle, Jörn Markus Schattenberg, Karel Kostev, and Christian Labenz. "Portal vein thrombosis is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 22, 2022): e0267535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267535.
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Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but severe disease that often leads to portal hypertension-related complications. It is well-known that patients with portal hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk for bone fractures, however data on the impact of PVT on fracture risk are lacking. Aims This study aimed to explore the impact of PVT on the incidence of bone fractures in a large German primary care cohort. Methods Patients with PVT were extensively matched to non-PVT individuals in a 1:5 ratio. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of any bone fracture. Results This study included 596 patients with PVT and 2,980 non-PVT individuals. During five years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of bone fractures was significantly higher in PVT patients (n = 87, 13.6%) than in those without PVT (n = 186, 6.7%) (p<0.001). In Cox-regression analyses, PVT was positively associated with bone fractures (HR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.59–2.93). This association was stronger in women (HR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.65–3.95) than in men (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.22–2.87). The strongest association was observed in the age group 51–60 years (HR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.40–4.47). The association between PVT and bone fractures was maintained in subgroup analyses of patients with (HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.13–3.63) and without liver cirrhosis (HR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.28–2.58). Conclusions PVT is independently associated with a higher incidence of bone fractures. Patients with PVT should be critically evaluated for fracture risk and preventive measures should be considered.
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Dadgar, K., and E. M. Kelly. "A221 CLINICAL CHARACTERISITICS OF PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS AMONG AN INPATIENT COHORT WITH CIRRHOSIS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.219.
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Abstract Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) has a reported prevalence ranging from 0.6 to 26% in cirrhotic patients and yet optimal management in these patients remains unclear [1]. PVT can lead to poor outcomes including increased risk of bleeding, intestinal injury, and deterioration in liver function. Conversely, treatment of PVT in cirrhotic patients increases their risk of bleeding complications, particularly in patients with known varices. Aims The aim of this study is to better characterize the prevalence and impact of PVT in cirrhotic inpatients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on data collected on adult patients admitted to the Ottawa Hospital between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015. We included patients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis either before or during index admission. Patients with a radiology report indicating a PVT were compared to those without PVT. Non-Ontario residents were excluded and where there were multiple admissions per patient one admission was randomly selected to be used. Ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Board at the University of Ottawa. Results This study found 34 patients with cirrhosis diagnosed with PVT during their hospitalization (3.73%). Of the patients with PVT, 23 were acute and 11 were chronic based on radiologic appearance. Mean age was similar between groups (PVT: 61.7, SD=9.8; No PVT: 62.3, SD=12.3). The mean Na-MELD was also similar (PVT: 17.6, no PVT: 17.3, p=0.82). Among patients with PVT, 11 patients presented with ascites, 10 with hepatic encephalopathy (HE), 5 with abdominal pain and 5 with an upper GI bleed. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) occurred in 11.76% of patients with PVT as compared to 3% of patients without PVT (p value= 0.006). There also seemed to be a trend towards more HE in the cohort with PVT (20.6% vs 10.7%, p value= 0.07). With regards to screening for varices, 2 patients had an EGD in the 6 months prior to admission, 11 had an EGD on admission, 1 after anticoagulation due to bleeding, and 18 had no screening in the 6 months prior to admission. Twelve patients were treated for PVT, 17 were untreated and 5 did not have documentation about treatment. Of the patients that were not treated, 9 were due to palliative goals of care, 1 due to bleeding, 1 due to thrombocytopenia, 2 due to chronicity on imaging and 4 did not have reasons documented. Conclusions PVT is a known complication of cirrhosis, however the clinical significance and optimal management of patients with PVT is poorly understood. Although prevalence of PVT was low in this cohort, our data suggests some possible association between liver related complications and PVT, including SBP and HE. Further research is needed to determine how to best manage patients with PVT. 1. Garcia-Pagan JC, Valla DC. Portal vein thrombosis: a predictable milestone in cirrhosis? Journal of hepatology. 2009 Oct 1;51(4):632–4. Funding Agencies None
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Salazar-Juárez, Alberto, Carolina Escobar, and Raúl Aguilar-Roblero. "Anterior paraventricular thalamus modulates light-induced phase shifts in circadian rhythmicity in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): R897—R904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00259.2002.
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The reciprocal connections between the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) and the suprachiasmatic nuclei suggest that PVT may participate in the regulation of circadian rhythms. We studied in rats the effect of lesions of the anterior and midposterior regions of the PVT on phase shifts of drinking circadian rhythm induced by light pulses at circadian times 6, 12, and 23, as well as the phase shifts produced by electrical or glutamatergic stimulation of the anterior PVT at the same circadian times. Lesion of the anterior PVT abolishes the advances induced by light during late subjective night, whereas midposterior PVT lesions did not affect the phase shifts. Electrical stimulation or glutamate injections in the anterior PVT mimic the phase-shifting effects of light pulses. These results indicate the participation of the anterior PVT as a modulator of entrainment of circadian rhythms to light.
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Derman, Benjamin A., and Hau C. Kwaan. "Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes For Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis: A Retrospective Analysis." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2372.2372.
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Abstract Background There is a paucity of data on the incidence of risk factors for splanchnic vein thrombosis in current published literature. The present study is an attempt to determine the risk factors, diagnostic methods employed, treatment modalities, and outcomes in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis in a single institution over a two-year period. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients, 18-90 years old, who were diagnosed with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) at a single institution from January 1, 2010 to November 10, 2012. They were grouped as those with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and those with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), including those combined with splenic vein thrombosis (SPVT) and those with mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT). Results Among the 246 patients studied, 21 had BCS and 225 had PVT. Associated risk factors in the order of frequency were liver disease being present in 48% of BCS, 69% of PVT, 45% of PVT+SPVT, and 52% of PVT+MVT. Next was regional cancer, being present in 24%in BCS and 47% of PVT. Third commonest was pancreatitis being present in 14% of BCS, 9% of PVT, 18% of PVT+SPVT, and 6% of PVT+MVT. Hereditary thrombophilias were found in 10% of the BCS group and 4% of PVT; however, it constituted 18% of the PVT+SPVT group, and 12% of the PVT+MVT group. 10% of patients in both the BCS and PVT groups had a liver transplant during their lifetime. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain occurring in 57% patients with BCS and 50% patients with PVT. The majority had laboratory findings of liver dysfunction at presentation with 86% in BCS group and 78% in PVT group. JAK2 V617F mutation, when tested, was present in 14% of those with BCS, 20% of the PVT group, 29% of those with PVT+SPVT and 22% of those with PVT+MVT. Diagnosis of SVT was most commonly made by computerized tomography (CT) with contrast (57% for BCS, 56% for PVT). Approximately 60% of BCS patients and 30% of PVT patients received either short-term or long-term anticoagulation; 20% of both groups received transjugular intrahepatic portal system (TIPS) catheterization. Recurrence of symptoms requiring a second hospitalization occurred in 24% of those with BCS and 15% of patients with PVT (36% of the PVT+SPVT and 27% of the PVT+MVT). In those patients with a greater comorbidity profile, including hypertension, diabetes, and malignancy, PVT is more likely than BCS to occur. Regional presence of inflammation or cancer, specifically underlying liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, as well as regional surgical procedures appear to play major role in splanchnic vein thrombosis, while hereditary thrombophilias and the JAK2 V617F mutation make up an important but small component of splanchnic vein thrombosis. Contrast-enhanced CT was the most commonly successful radiologic technique for diagnosis, though magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a more accurate alternative. Anticoagulation was largely limited to patients with the most severe cases of SVT, and symptomatic recurrence was also more likely in these populations. Conclusions The present findings of risk factors associated with SVT are at variance with those in the current published literature, with higher incidence of regional cancer and lower incidence of JAK2 V617F mutation. There are, however, limitations to this study, including the fact that this is a retrospective analysis with data from a single institution. Verification of these findings has to been made in a prospective multi-institutional study involving a larger number of patients and a longer period of observation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Qi, Xingshun, Jia Jia, Weirong Ren, Man Yang, Valerio De Stefano, Juan Wang, and Daiming Fan. "Scientific Publications on Portal Vein Thrombosis and Budd- Chiari Syndrome: a Global Survey of the Literature." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-1281.
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Background & Aims: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) are two rare vascular disorders of the liver that can lead to life-threatening complications. We conducted a global survey to systematically analyze the scientific publications in the fields of PVT and BCS.Methods: All papers regarding PVT and BCS were identified via the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The publication year, country, type of paper, study design, and number of citations were summarized. Good quality papers were defined as those in which a high proportion of homogeneous patients with BCS and/or PVT was observed.Results: We identified 6691 and 4325 papers regarding PVT and BCS, respectively. The number of papers gradually increased over time. Researchers from the USA published the greatest number of papers (PVT: n=1418; BCS: n=888). Clinical studies were the most common type of paper (PVT: n=5395; BCS n=3171), but fewer than half of these observed more than 10 patients (PVT: n=2667/5395; BCS: n=1092/3171). Furthermore, fewer than half of the clinical studies with more than 10 patients were of good quality (PVT: 976/2667; BCS: 466/1092). According to the study design, the good quality papers were classified as cohort studies (PVT: n=865; BCS: n=421), case-control studies (PVT: n=98; BCS: n=45), and randomized controlled trials (PVT: n=13; BCS: n=0). The 5 most frequently cited original articles and guidelines/consensuses were also listed.Conclusions: Despite an increase in the number of papers regarding PVT and BCS over time, most of the papers had a small sample size, suggesting the necessity of large cohort studies or randomized controlled trials.
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Connolly, G. C., A. Khorana, P. Mantry, A. Bozorgzadeh, P. Abt, R. Chen, and O. Hyrien. "Portal vein and systemic thromboses in hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 15048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15048.
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15048 Background: Hemostatic activation may be important for tumor growth and metastasis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly associated with portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Very little is known about factors predictive for PVT in patients with HCC or its correlation with systemic venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 194 patients diagnosed with HCC at the University of Rochester between 1998 and 2004. The primary endpoints of this study were presence of PVT and any systemic VTE. The secondary endpoint was overall survival calculated from time of diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of PVT with a set of clinical covariates, and the survival curve was estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier. Results: The mean age of the total population was 60.4 ± 11.9, and one-third of the patients underwent liver transplant. The incidence of PVT in the total population was 31% (60/194) with a higher incidence in the non-transplant group compared to transplanted patients (34% vs. 24%; p= 0.08). In univariate analysis, advanced stage, major vessel involvement, higher MELD score, higher Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classification, lower serum albumin, elevated serum bilirubin, elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and elevated INR were associated with development of PVT (p <0.05 for each). In multivariate analysis CTP class, stage, major vessel involvement, serum albumin, and serum AFP were independently and significantly associated with PVT (p <0.05 for each). The presence of PVT was associated with reduced survival (median survival 4.61 months for those with PVT versus 17.55 months for those without PVT, HR 2.01, p <0.001). The incidence of systemic VTE in the total population was 6.7%, and patients with PVT had a higher rate of systemic VTE compared to patients without PVT (11.5% vs. 4.4%; p 0.044). Conclusions: PVT is common in patients with HCC and is associated with worse outcomes. The correlation between PVT and systemic VTE suggests a common mechanism of hemostatic activation. Advanced stage, higher CTP class, major vessel involvement, and serum albumin and AFP levels are predictive of PVT. Identifying patients at high-risk for PVT and instituting prophylaxis may affect HCC outcomes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Fudholi, Ahmad, Nur Farhana Mohd Razali, Abrar Ridwan, Rado Yendra, Hartono Hartono, Ari Pani Desvina, Majid Khan Bin Majahar Ali, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Overview of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Water Collector." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1891-1898.
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The popular solar technology is the integration of solar thermal technology and photovoltaic (PV), called photovoltaic thermal (PVT) technology. This technology converts solar energy to electrical and thermal energy. The efficiency of solar energy conversion via PVT is higher than photovoltaic and solar systems. PV cell efficiency decreases if system operating temperature is higher. Therefore, solar systems attached to PV cells act to cool PV cells and increase the overall efficiency of the PVT system. PVT construction that saves space, is suitable for domestic consumption, and long-term saving costs makes PVT current research by researchers in the latest energy technology. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of PVT water collector. Results on the performances of PVT water collectors are summarized. The energy and exergy efficiency of PVT water collector ranges from 28.5% to 85% and 6.8% to 14%, respectively.
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Loring, David W., and Felicia C. Goldstein. "If Invalid PVT Scores Are Obtained, Can Valid Neuropsychological Profiles Be Believed?" Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 7 (July 29, 2019): 1192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz028.
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Abstract Background Performance Validity Testing (PVT) decision-making rules may be indeterminate in patients with neurological disease in which PVT characteristics have not been adequately studied. We report a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) who failed computerized PVT testing but had normal memory scores with a neuropsychological profile consistent with expected MS disease-related weaknesses. Method Neuropsychological testing was conducted on two occasions in a middle-aged woman with an established MS diagnosis to address concerns of possible memory decline. Testing was discontinued after PVT scores below recommended cut-points were obtained during the first evaluation. During the second assessment, subthreshold PVT scores on a different computerized PVT were obtained, but unlike the first assessment, the entire neuropsychological protocol was administered. Results Despite subthreshold computerized PVT scores, normal learning and memory performance was obtained providing objective data to answer the referral question. Other neuropsychological findings included decreased processing speed, poor working memory, and poor executive function consistent with her MS diagnosis. Embedded PVT scores were normal. Conclusions We speculate that poor computerized PVT scores resulted from the disease-related features of MS, although we also discuss approaches to reconcile apparently contradictory PVT versus neuropsychological results if the contributions of disease-related variables on PVTs scores are discounted. This case demonstrates the value of completing the assessment protocol despite obtaining PVT scores below publisher recommended cutoffs in clinical evaluations. If subthreshold PVT scores are considered evidence of performance invalidity, it is still necessary to have an approach for interpreting seemingly credible neuropsychological test results rather than simply dismissing them as invalid.
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Nicoară-Farcău, Oana, Guillem Soy, Marta Magaz, Anna Baiges, Fanny Turon, Angeles Garcia-Criado, Marta Barrufet, Marta Burrel, Virginia Hernández-Gea, and Juan Carlos García-Pagán. "New Insights into the Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Treatment of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Cirrhosis." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 46, no. 06 (August 20, 2020): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715473.
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AbstractPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent event in patients with cirrhosis regardless of etiology. Notwithstanding the commonality of the problem, the pathophysiology and risk factors for PVT in cirrhosis are largely unknown. The clinical impact of PVT in the natural history of cirrhosis is unclear, indications for PVT treatment are not well defined, and treatment recommendations are based on experts' opinion and consensus only. Therefore, this review aims to summarize current knowledge of mechanisms and risk factors for PVT development and assess the current evidence of PVT management, with a special focus on strategies of anticoagulation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement.
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Kang, Anneka, Ivan Korolija, and Dimitrios Rovas. "Modeling of Photovoltaic-Thermal District Heating with Dual Thermal Modes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012090.
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Abstract Solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors could be a competitive addition to district heating systems, particularly in areas with high energy density since they simultaneously produce electricity and heat whilst increasing the PV efficiency through cooling. This study presents a new Modelica PVT model, which is used together with EnergyPlus in a co-simulation setup to assess the technical feasibility of solar PVT district heating in new builds. The model has been applied to a block of 12 2-bedroom terraced houses with a 184m2 PVT array on the south facing side of the roof. It was identified that well-designed seasonal PVT heating configurations and control schemes are required to maximise PVT outputs. PVT dual thermal modes occur when the PV is either connected to a load or producing at close to the maximum power point. Integrating the dual modes into a control system could be more economical if heat tariffs were higher than electrical ones when heat demand is greater than the PVT thermal output.
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Fudholi, Ahmad, Muhammad Zohri, Ivan Taslim, Merita Ayu Indrianti, and Intan Noviantari Manyoe. "Theoretical approach model of building integrated photovoltaic thermal air collector." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp1002-1010.
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Over recent years the photovoltaic technology has obtained significant development, especially in building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) system. Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collectors are advantageous because of their efficiency. Various studies have been conducted to determine the ideal parameters of PVT air collectors. Few theoretical approach models of PVT air collector systems were used to help detect occurrences in a PVT collector system and calculate the optimal parameters. The heat transfer and energy balance of PVT air collectors were analysed and reviewed based on the model, quantity of cover, channels and forms of the collector. A mathematical model was developed to describe actual working situations and to examine new shut PVT collectors. The first law of thermodynamics is the principal equation in the model. Different analysis methods were utilised to evaluate PVT performances, which are generally based on energy and exergy analyses. This review focuses on theoretical approach model of single-pass PVT air collector.
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Tsang, Susan, Nino Carlo Rainusso, and Jason Todd Yustein. "lncRNA, PVT-1, controls tumorigenesis and cancer stem-like phenotypes in osteosarcoma through PI3K/TSC2." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e23512-e23512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e23512.
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e23512 Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common pediatric bone cancer and a key genetic characteristic of this particular malignancy is its complex karyotype. Specifically it has been reported that 40% of osteosarcoma patients’ present with 8q24 amplification. The presence of this specific amplification has been previously associated with a high rate of relapse and poor prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. Within this amplicon resides, a long non-coding RNA gene, PVT-1. Prior studies indicates that PVT-1 has pro-oncogenic properties however the function of PVT-1 in osteosarcoma is not well characterized. Methods: To understand PVT-1 copy number, Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization was performed on both osteosarcoma cell lines and osteosarcoma patient-derived xenografts. In addition the PVT-1 RNA level is elevated in a majority of osteosarcoma samples compared to normal bone. To test PVT-1 pro-oncogenic role in osteosarcoma, several functional assays were performed. Results: Our studies demonstrated that overexpression of PVT-1 in osteosarcoma cell lines promotes multiple tumorigenic behaviors including enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion and chemotherapeutic resistance to cisplatin. PVT-1’s ability to mediate metastasis and contribute to chemotherapeutic sensitivity is a shared phenotype of cancer stem cells. Based on this observation, we hypothesize targeting PVT-1 will reduce cancer stem-cell properties. Osteosarcoma lines with increased levels of PVT-1 exhibited higher expression of cancer stem cell genes: Nanog, SOX2, c-Myc, and Oct4 at both the transcriptomic and proteomic level. In Vitro and In Vivo self-renewal capacity studies showed enhanced osteosarcoma cell self-renewal in the PVT-1 overexpression cohort. Additional molecular studies were performed in order to gain additional insights into potential mechanism of action for PVT-1 including Reverse Phase Protein Array. Initial analysis suggest a role for PVT-1 in regulating the PI3K-AKT-TSC2 pathway. Conclusions: This suggests a potential oncogenic pathway in which PVT-1 enhances cancer stem cell phenotypes. On-going investigations are addressing potential PI3K/TSC2 pathway inhibitors, BEZ-2335 and LY3023414, which could be utilized to regulate PVT-1 mediated tumorigenic roles and cancer stem-like properties.
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Rijvers, Len, Camilo Rindt, and Corry de Keizer. "Numerical Analysis of a Residential Energy System That Integrates Hybrid Solar Modules (PVT) with a Heat Pump." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010096.
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Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors are hybrid solar collectors that convert solar and ambient energy into thermal and electrical energy. Integrated PVT-HP, in which PVT collectors are combined with a heat pump, offers an efficient and renewable option to replace conventional fossil fuel-based energy systems in residential buildings. Currently, system concepts in which the selection, design and control of the components are aligned towards the system performance are lacking. The development of a system model enables the comparison of a variety of system parameters and system designs, informed decision making based on the energetic performance and the market diffusion of PVT-HP systems. This contribution presents a simulation model of a PVT-HP system. By means of numerical simulations, with simulation program TRNSYS, the energetic performance of a PVT-HP system and the system components are investigated. It is shown that the PVT-HP can cover the annual energy demand of a residential building. The corresponding Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF) is equal to 3.6. Furthermore, the effect of varying weather conditions, occupancy and building orientations on the performance of the reference system is analyzed. The SPF for the investigated scenarios varies between 3.0 and 3.9. Lastly, two system parameters, the PVT collector area, and the PVT collector type are varied as an initial step in the optimization of the system performance. To sum up, the presented PVT-HP model is suitable for dynamic system simulation and the exploration of the system concepts. The simulation study shows that a PVT-HP system can cover the annual energy demand of a residential building. Lastly, parametric variations showcase the optimization potential of PVT-HP systems.
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Kim, Jin-Hee, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Comparison of Electrical and Thermal Performances of Glazed and Unglazed PVT Collectors." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/957847.
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Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors combine photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collectors, forming a single device that receives solar radiation and produces electricity and heat simultaneously. PVT collectors can produce more energy per unit surface area than side-by-side PV modules and solar thermal collectors. There are two types of liquid-type flat-plate PVT collectors, depending on the existence of glass cover over PV module: glass-covered (glazed) PVT collectors, which produce relatively more thermal energy but have lower electrical yield, and uncovered (unglazed) PVT collectors, which have relatively lower thermal energy with somewhat higher electrical performance. In this paper, the experimental performance of two types of liquid-type PVT collectors, glazed and unglazed, was analyzed. The electrical and thermal performances of the PVT collectors were measured in outdoor conditions, and the results were compared. The results show that the thermal efficiency of the glazed PVT collector is higher than that of the unglazed PVT collector, but the unglazed collector had higher electrical efficiency than the glazed collector. The overall energy performance of the collectors was compared by combining the values of the average thermal and electrical efficiency.
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Suda, Tsuyoshi, Hajime Takatori, Takehiro Hayashi, Rika Horii, Kouki Nio, Takeshi Terashima, Noriho Iida, et al. "Investigation of Thrombosis Volume, Anticoagulants, and Recurrence Factors in Portal Vein Thrombosis with Cirrhosis." Life 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10090177.
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This retrospective study investigated factors influencing the portal vein thrombosis (PVT) volume and recurrence in 52 cirrhosis patients with PVT from November 2008 to September 2018. All patients were treated with danaparoid sodium with or without additional antithrombin III. Blood platelet counts significantly correlated with the PVT volume (r2 = 0.17; P < 0.01). Computed tomography confirmed recurrence as PVT aggravation was reported in 43 patients, with ≥50% PVT volume reduction following anticoagulation therapy. In 43 patients, recurrence significantly correlated with the pretreatment PVT volume (P = 0.019). Factors influencing recurrence included a Child–Pugh score >8 (P = 0.049) and fibrosis index ≤7.0 based on four factors (FIB-4) (P = 0.048). Moreover, the relationship between recurrence and correlating factors showed that 15 patients who received warfarin experienced recurrence more often when Child–Pugh scores were >8 (P = 0.023), regardless of maintenance treatment. For patients who did not receive warfarin, a PVT volume ≥3.0 mL significantly influenced recurrence (P = 0.039). Therefore, the platelet count influences the PVT volume. The pretreatment PVT volume correlated with recurrence after anticoagulation therapy. According to the Kaplan–Meier curve, risk factors for PVT recurrence after anticoagulation therapy included Child–Pugh scores >8 and FIB-4 ≤7.0. Therefore, the FIB-4 is a unique factor that shows trends opposing other liver function markers.
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Yue-Meng, Wan, Yu-Hua Li, Hua-Mei Wu, Jing Yang, Li-Hong Yang, and Ying Xu. "Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Cirrhosis Undergoing Elective Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: Risk Factors, Warfarin Efficacy, and Clinical Outcomes." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, no. 3 (January 23, 2017): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029616689593.
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Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication in cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for PVT, assess the efficacy of anticoagulant therapy, and evaluate the effects of PVT on patients with cirrhosis undergoing elective transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS). A total of 101 patients with cirrhosis undergoing elective TIPSS were prospectively studied. After TIPSS, all patients received preventive therapy for PVT and were followed up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients who developed PVT after TIPSS and those who did not. Multivariate analysis showed that white blood cell count (relative risk [RR]: 0.377; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.132-0.579; P = .001), Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (RR: 1.547; 95% CI: 1.029-2.365; P = .032), and ascites (RR: 1.264; 95% CI: 1.019-1.742; P = .040) were independent predictors for PVT. Warfarin treatment within 12 months achieved significantly higher rates of complete recanalization than aspirin or clopidogrel in patients with PVT (54.5% vs 31.3%; P = .013), although adverse events were similar between the 2 groups ( P > .05). Patients without PVT had significantly lower 2-year cumulative rates of variceal rebleeding (15.9% vs 36.6%; P = .023), shunt dysfunction (27.0% vs 46.8%; P = .039), hepatic encephalopathy (24.1% vs 42.6%; P = .045), and hepatocellular carcinoma (11.4% vs 31.2%; P = .024) and markedly higher 2-year cumulative survival rates (89.8% vs 72.9%; P = .041) than those with PVT. The PVT is associated with poorer clinical outcomes in TIPSS-treated patients, and warfarin is both safe and more effective in recanalizing PVT than aspirin or clopidogrel.
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Zaklyakova, L., B. Levitan, M. Bolgova, V. Skvortsov, and I. Zaklyakov. "Clinical case of chronic portal vein thrombosis." Terapevt (General Physician), no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2002-04.
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Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a form of venous thrombosis that causes impaired or terminated blood flow in the portal vein. PVT is the main reason for the development of extrahepatic portal hypertension. The article presents a clinical case of chronic PVT with signs of severe portal hypertension and ascites. A feature of the case is that in a patient with suspected decompensated cirrhosis of the liver with the ineffectiveness of standard treatment, PVT was detected. The cause of PVT was mechanical trauma of the portal vein and hemocoagulation thrombophilia. For health reasons, the patient was prescribed rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban is an oral anticoagulant from the group of Xa inhibitors. Against the background of treatment, recanalization of PVT was noted in the patient. Our experiment has shown that rivaroxaban is a promising drug for treatment of PVT.
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Latteri, Saverio, Giulia Malaguarnera, Vito Emanuele Catania, Gaetano La Greca, Gaetano Bertino, Antonio Maria Borzì, Filippo Drago, and Michele Malaguarnera. "Homocysteine Serum Levels as Prognostic Marker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Thrombosis." Current Molecular Medicine 19, no. 7 (August 2, 2019): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524019666190610120416.
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Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of endstage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). : The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of Homocysteine (Hcy) in HCC patient with PVT. Hcy is a sulphur amino-acid involved in two pathways, trans-sulphuration and remethylation, that involve vitamins B6, B12 and folates. Methods: We recruited 54 patients with HCC and PVT, 60 patients with HCC and without PVT and 60 control subjects. We measured serum levels of Hcy, folate, vitamins B6 and B12. Results: The comparison between HCC patients with PVT versus HCC without PVT was shown that mean values of Hcy were 6.4 nmol/L (p<0.0073) higher, LDL cholesterol were 4.8 mg/dl (p<0.0079) lower, vitamin B6 were 4.6 nmol/L(p=0.0544) lower, vitamins B 12 were 22.1 pg/ml (p=0.0001) lower. Conclusion: High serum levels of Hcy are an established thrombotic risk factor in the general population. We found significantly higher levels of Hcy in HCC patients with PVT versus both HCC patients without PVT and controls.
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Shahirah Binti Rukman, Nurul, Ahmad Fudholi, Saleem H. Zaidi, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Overview of Bifluid-based Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Systems." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1912-1917.
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<p>This review presents various research and development, as well as design and performances of bifluid-based PVT systems. Moreover, the development of PVT system is a very promising area of research. PVT systems using in various applications, such as solar drying, solar cooling, water heating, desalination, and pool heating. With the recognition of the potentials and contributions of PV system, considerable research has been conducted to attain the most advancement which may produce reliable and sustainable PVT system. The cooling system’s design refers to the absorber design which mostly focuses on water and air-based PVT systems. An air-based system has been developed through different absorber configurations, air flow modes and single- or double-pass design. Bifluid-based PVT system is used to remove heat accumulated in a PV panel and reuses the waste heat (hot air and water) in an appropriate way. PV, thermal and PVT efficiencies of bifluid PVT systems were 6.6%-18.6%, 31%–90% and 60%-83%, respectively. </p>
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Luzina, E. V., E. A. Tomina, S. I. Shchadneva, and N. V. Lareva. "Portal vein thrombosis — a literature review and our own clinical observations." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-181-9-55-62.
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The portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a partial or complete occlusion of blood flow through the portal vein that occurs due to the presence of a blood clot in its lumen. Currently, PVT has become more common in the clinic of internal diseases. PVT can be caused by many factors, among which local and systemic. Systemic factors include congenital and acquired thrombophilia. Local factors include inflammatory, infectious, and oncological diseases of the abdominal organs. One of the most likely causes of PVT is currently being considered liver cirrhosis. The article presents the literature data, clinical guidelines for managing patients with PVT in the discussion of three own clinical cases of patients with PVT, which were caused by various diseases.
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Fudholi, Ahmad, Mariyam Fazleena Musthafa, Abrar Ridwan, Rado Yendra, Ari Pani Desvina, Rahmadeni Rahmadeni, Tri Suyono, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Energy and exergy analysis of air based photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector: a review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp109-117.
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<span lang="EN-US">Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors convert solar radiation directly to both electrical and thermal energies. A PVT collector basiccaly combines the functions of a flat plate solar collector and those of a PV panel. This review presents thermodinamics fundamentals, descriptions, and previous works conducted on energy and exergy analysis of air based PVT collector. Studies in 2010 to 2018 of the energy and exergy analysis of air based PVT collectors are summarized. The energy and exergy efficiency of air based PVT collector ranges from 31% to 94% and 8.7% to 18%, respectively. In addition, flat plate solar collector is presented. Studies conducted on air based PVT collectors are reviewed.</span>
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Shtivelman, E., and J. M. Bishop. "The PVT gene frequently amplifies with MYC in tumor cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 3 (March 1989): 1148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.3.1148-1154.1989.
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The line of human colon carcinoma cells known as COLO320-DM contains an amplified and abnormal allele of the proto-oncogene MYC (DMMYC). Exon 1 and most of intron 1 of MYC have been displaced from DMMYC by a rearrangement of DNA. The RNA transcribed from DMMYC is a chimera that begins with an ectopic sequence of 176 nucleotides and then continues with exons 2 and 3 of MYC. The template for the ectopic sequence represents exon 1 of a gene known as PVT, which lies 50 kilobase pairs downstream of MYC. We encountered three abnormal configurations of MYC and PVT in the cell lines analyzed here: (i) amplification of the genes, accompanied by insertion of exon 1 and an undetermined additional portion of PVT within intron 1 of MYC to create DMMYC; (ii) selective deletion of exon 1 of PVT from amplified DNA that contains downstream portions of PVT and an intact allele of MYC; and (iii) coamplification of MYC and exon 1 of PVT, but not of downstream portions of PVT. We conclude that part or all of PVT is frequently amplified with MYC and that intron 1 of PVT represents a preferred boundary for amplification affecting MYC.
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An, Byeong-Hwa, Kwang-Hwan Choi, and Hwi-Ung Choi. "Influence of Triangle-Shaped Obstacles on the Energy and Exergy Performance of an Air-Cooled Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 13233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013233.
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A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector is a type of solar collector that can simultaneously produce electrical and thermal energy from solar energy. In this research, the daily and annual performances of an air-cooled PVT collector with triangle-shaped obstacles were investigated and compared with those of a conventional air-cooled PVT collector. Based on the thermal circuit model, a numerical model of the air-cooled PVT collector containing triangle-shaped obstacles has been developed and validated using experimental results. A typical meteorological year’s weather data from Ulsan, Korea was used as the weather data. From the results, it was seen that the daily average thermal, electrical, and overall energy and exergy efficiencies for the PVT collector with triangle-shaped obstacles were 24.73%, 15.59%, 62.83%, and 15.57%, respectively, while those values of conventional PVT collector were 17.08%, 15.30%, 54.47%, and 15.13%, respectively. The results also showed that the annual energy and exergy outputs of the PVT collector with triangle-shaped obstacles were 12.84% and 1.98% greater than those of the conventional air-cooled PVT collector. From these results, it was clearly confirmed that the triangle-shaped obstacles can enhance the energy and exergy outputs of the air-cooled PVT collector.
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Kallio, Sonja, and Monica Siroux. "Energy Analysis and Exergy Optimization of Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195106.
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A photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector is a solar-based micro-cogeneration system which generates simultaneously heat and power for buildings. The novelty of this paper is to conduct energy and exergy analysis on PVT collector performance under two different European climate conditions. The performance of the PVT collector is compared to a photovoltaic (PV) panel. Finally, the PVT design is optimized in terms of thermal and electrical exergy efficiencies. The optimized PVT designs are compared to the PV panel performance as well. The main focus is to find out if the PVT is still competitive with the PV panel electrical output, after maximizing its thermal exergy efficiency. The PVT collector is modelled into Matlab/Simulink to evaluate its performance under varying weather conditions. The PV panel is modelled with the CARNOT toolbox library. The optimization is conducted using Matlab gamultiobj-function based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The results indicated 7.7% higher annual energy production in Strasbourg. However, the exergy analysis revealed a better quality of thermal energy in Tampere with 72.9% higher thermal exergy production. The electrical output of the PVT is higher than from the PV during the summer months. The thermal exergy- driven PVT design is still competitive compared to the PV panel electrical output.
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Basili, Stefania, Daniele Pastori, Valeria Raparelli, and Francesco Violi. "Anticoagulant therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis: insights for the clinician." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 11 (January 2018): 175628481879356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284818793561.
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Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication in the natural history of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). The prevalence of PVT in LC is highly variable, ranging from 0.6% to 25% according to different reports. The impact of PVT on the natural history of LC is unclear, but it seems to negatively affect the prognosis of patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) by increasing post-LT mortality and delaying waiting time. The antithrombotic treatment of PVT is still challenging as PVT may often remain asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed, and a spontaneous partial/total regression of PVT is observed in an important proportion of patients, even in the absence of anticoagulation. Recent evidence suggested that the anticoagulant treatment for PVT may favorably affect both ischemic and bleeding outcomes in LC patients. Anticoagulant therapies so far available include unfractioned heparin, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and fondaparinux for acute treatment, and LMWHs and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for long-term treatment. No robust data currently support the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with LC and PVT, as the safety and efficacy of DOACs in this setting is still unclear. This review summarizes current evidence for the evaluation and management of patients with LC and PVT.
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Akkiz, Hikmet, Brian I. Carr, Sedef Kuran, Ümit Karaoğullarından, Oguz Üsküdar, Salih Tokmak, Burcu Arslan, et al. "Macroscopic Portal Vein Thrombosis in HCC Patients." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 (June 13, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3120185.
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Macroscopic portal vein invasion (PVT) by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the liver is one of the most important negative prognostic factors for HCC patients. The characteristics of a large cohort of such patients were examined. We found that the percent of patients with PVT significantly increased with increasing maximum tumor diameter (MTD), from 13.7% with tumors of MTD <5cm to 56.4% with tumors of MTD >10cm. There were similar numbers of HCC patients with very large tumors with and without PVT. Thus, MTD alone was insufficient to explain the presence of PVT, as were high AFP levels, since less than 50% of high AFP patients had PVT. However, the percent of patients with PVT was also found to significantly increase with increasing blood alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and tumor multifocality. A logistic regression model that included these 3 factors together showed an odds ratio of 17.9 for the combination of MTD>5.0cm plus tumor multifocality plus elevated AFP, compared to low levels of these 3 parameters. The presence or absence of macroscopic PVT may therefore represent different HCC aggressiveness phenotypes, as judged by a significant increase in tumor multifocality and AFP levels in the PVT positive patients. Factors in addition to MTD and AFP must also contribute to PVT development.
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Shtivelman, E., and J. M. Bishop. "The PVT gene frequently amplifies with MYC in tumor cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 3 (March 1989): 1148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.3.1148.
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The line of human colon carcinoma cells known as COLO320-DM contains an amplified and abnormal allele of the proto-oncogene MYC (DMMYC). Exon 1 and most of intron 1 of MYC have been displaced from DMMYC by a rearrangement of DNA. The RNA transcribed from DMMYC is a chimera that begins with an ectopic sequence of 176 nucleotides and then continues with exons 2 and 3 of MYC. The template for the ectopic sequence represents exon 1 of a gene known as PVT, which lies 50 kilobase pairs downstream of MYC. We encountered three abnormal configurations of MYC and PVT in the cell lines analyzed here: (i) amplification of the genes, accompanied by insertion of exon 1 and an undetermined additional portion of PVT within intron 1 of MYC to create DMMYC; (ii) selective deletion of exon 1 of PVT from amplified DNA that contains downstream portions of PVT and an intact allele of MYC; and (iii) coamplification of MYC and exon 1 of PVT, but not of downstream portions of PVT. We conclude that part or all of PVT is frequently amplified with MYC and that intron 1 of PVT represents a preferred boundary for amplification affecting MYC.
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Fujita, Fumihiko, Sergey Lyass, Koji Otsuka, Luca Giordano, David L. Rosenbaum, Theodore M. Khalili, and Edward H. Phillips. "Portal Vein Thrombosis following Splenectomy: Identification of Risk Factors." American Surgeon 69, no. 11 (November 2003): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480306901107.
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Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) following splenectomy is a potentially life-threatening complication, and the true incidence of PVT in splenectomized patients is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of symptomatic PVT after splenectomy. The hospital database was searched to identify cases of PVT associated with splenectomy from January 1990 to May 2002. Six hundred eighty-eight patients underwent splenectomy during this period, 321 of them for hematologic diseases. Eleven of the 688 patients had PVT associated with splenectomy, and the charts of these patients were reviewed. Six patients developed PVT after splenectomy. Five had hematologic diseases. Symptoms were abdominal pain (6), ileus (5), fever (3), or diarrhea (2). Diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) (4), duplex ultrasonography (1), and magnetic resonance imaging (1). The indications for splenectomy included hemolytic anemia (3), thalassemia (1), and myelofibrosis (1). One patient had an incidental splenectomy during gastrectomy. There were four laparoscopic and two open splenectomies. The median interval between splenectomy and diagnosis of PVT was 40 days (range, 13–741). One patient died of pulmonary embolism. Five of six patients with postsplenectomy PVT had splenomegaly and hemolysis. We conclude that the risk of PVT is higher in patients with hematologic conditions associated with splenomegaly and hemolysis.
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Ramachandran, Sharavan, Itishree S. Kaushik, and Sanjay K. Srivastava. "Pimavanserin: A Novel Autophagy Modulator for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment." Cancers 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 5661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225661.
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Pancreatic tumors exhibit high basal autophagy compared to that of other cancers. Several studies including those from our laboratory reported that enhanced autophagy leads to apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the autophagy and apoptosis inducing effects of Pimavanserin tartrate (PVT). Autophagic effects of PVT were determined by Acridine Orange assay and Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis. Clinical significance of ULK1 in normal and pancreatic cancer patients was evaluated by R2 and GEPIA cancer genomic databases. Modulation of proteins in autophagy signaling was assessed by Western blotting and Immunofluorescence. Apoptotic effects of PVT was evaluated by Annexin-V/APC assay. Subcutaneous xenograft pancreatic tumor model was used to evaluate the autophagy-mediated apoptotic effects of PVT in vivo. Autophagy was induced upon PVT treatment in pancreatic ducal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Pancreatic cancer patients exhibit reduced levels of autophagy initiator gene, ULK1, which correlated with reduced patient survival. Interestingly, PVT induced the expression of autophagy markers ULK1, FIP200, Atg101, Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3A/B, and cleavage of caspase-3, an indicator of apoptosis in several PDAC cells. ULK1 agonist LYN-1604 enhanced the autophagic and apoptotic effects of PVT. On the other hand, autophagy inhibitors chloroquine and bafilomycin blocked the autophagic and apoptotic effects of PVT in PDAC cells. Notably, chloroquine abrogated the growth suppressive effects of PVT by 25% in BxPC3 tumor xenografts in nude mice. Collectively, our results indicate that PVT mediated pancreatic tumor growth suppression was associated with induction of autophagy mediated apoptosis.
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van Dam, Lisette F., Frederikus A. Klok, Maarten E. Tushuizen, Walter Ageno, Sarwa Darwish Murad, Guido R. van Haren, Menno V. Huisman, et al. "Magnetic Resonance Thrombus Imaging to Differentiate Acute from Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis." TH Open 04, no. 03 (July 2020): e224-e230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716716.
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Abstract Introduction Timely diagnosis and treatment of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality. However, current imaging tests cannot always accurately differentiate acute from chronic (nonocclusive) PVT. Magnetic resonance noncontrast thrombus imaging (MR-NCTI) has been shown to accurately differentiate acute from chronic venous thrombosis at other locations and may also be of value in the diagnostic management of PVT. This study describes the first phase of the Rhea study (NTR 7061). Our aim was to select and optimize MR-NCTI sequences that would be accurate for differentiation of acute from chronic PVT. Study Design The literature was searched for different MRI sequences for portal vein and acute thrombosis imaging. The most promising sequences were tested in a healthy volunteer followed by one patient with acute PVT and two patients with chronic PVT, all diagnosed on (repetitive) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) venography to optimize the MR-NCTI sequences. All images were evaluated by an expert panel. Results Several MR-NCTI sequences were identified and tested. Differentiation of acute from chronic PVT was achieved with 3D T1 TFE (three-dimensional T1 turbo field echo) and 3D T1 Dixon FFE (three-dimensional T1 fast field echo) sequences with best image quality. The expert panel was able to confirm the diagnosis of acute PVT on the combined two MR-NCTI sequences and to exclude acute PVT in the two patients with chronic PVT. Conclusion Using 3D T1 TFE and 3D T1 Dixon FFE sequences, we were able to distinguish acute from chronic PVT. This clinical relevant finding will be elucidated in clinical studies to establish their test performance.
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Amir, Irfan, and Kiran Qureshi. "SBE (Pvt.) Ltd." Asian Journal of Management Cases 4, no. 2 (December 2007): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097282010700400205.
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Vecerzan, Liliana, and Romeo Gabriel Mihăilă. "Risk Factors Regarding Portal Vein Thrombosis in Chronic Liver Disease." Acta Medica Transilvanica 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amtsb-2020-0068.
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Abstract The portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the most frequent vascular diseases of the liver, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The most common causes of the PVT are hepatic cirrhosis, hepatobiliary neoplasms, inflammatory and infectious abdominal diseases, and myeloproliferative syndromes.(1,2) The natural progress of the PVT has as a result portal hypertension which leads to splenomegaly and the formation of portosystemic collateral vessels, as well as gastroesophageal, duodenal and jejunal varices. Ultrasonography, especially Doppler ultrasound, is the most widely used imaging method to asses, supervise and diagnose PVT in patients with hepatopathies. The purpose of acute PVT treatment is to re-permeabilize the obstructed vessels; the endoscopic ligature of the varices in the eventuality of their rupture is safe and extremely efficient in chronic PVT. To conclude, PVT is the most common hepatic vascular disorder, and its prevalence has increased particularly among the patients with chronic hepatopathies.(3)
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Ooshaksaraei, P., K. Sopian, R. Zulkifli, and Saleem H. Zaidi. "Characterization of Air-Based Photovoltaic Thermal Panels with Bifacial Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/978234.
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Photovoltaic (PV) panels account for a majority of the cost of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) panels. Bifacial silicon solar panels are attractive for PVT panels because of their potential to enhance electrical power generation from the same silicon wafer compared with conventional monofacial solar panels. This paper examines the performance of air-based bifacial PVT panels with regard to the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Four air-based bifacial PVT panels were designed. The maximum efficiencies of 45% to 63% were observed for the double-path-parallel bifacial PVT panel based on the first law of thermodynamics. Single-path bifacial PVT panel represents the highest exergy efficiency (10%). Double-path-parallel bifacial PVT panel is the second preferred design as it generates up to 20% additional total energy compared with the single-path panel. However, the daily average exergy efficiency of a double-path-parallel panel is 0.35% lower than that of a single-path panel.
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Kim, Sang-Myung, Jin-Hee Kim, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Experimental Study on the Thermal and Electrical Characteristics of an Air-Based Photovoltaic Thermal Collector." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142661.
Full textAbstract:
A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is a technology that combines photovoltaics (PV) and a solar thermal collector to produce thermal energy and generate electricity. PVT systems have the advantage that the energy output per unit area is higher than the single use of a PV module or solar thermal collector, since both heat and electricity can be produced and used simultaneously. Air-based PVT collectors use air as the heat transfer medium and flow patterns are important factors that affect the performance of the PVT collector. In this study, the thermal and electrical performance and characteristics of an air-based PVT collector were analyzed through experiments. The PVT collector, with bending round-shaped heat-absorbing plates, which increase the air flow path, has been developed to improve the thermal performance. The experiment was done under the test conditions of ISO 9806:2017 for the thermal performance analysis of an air-based PVT collector. The electrical performance was analyzed under the same conditions. In the results, it can be found that the inlet flow rate of the PVT collector considerably affects the thermal efficiency. It was analyzed that as the inlet flow rate increased from 60 to 200 m3/h, the thermal efficiency increased from 29% to 42%. Then, the electricity efficiency was also analyzed, where it was determined that it was improved according to operating condition of PVT collector.
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D’Amico, Mario, Pietro Sammarco, and Linda Pasta. "Thrombophilic Genetic Factors PAI-1, MTHFRC677T, V Leiden 506Q, and Prothrombin 20210A in Noncirrhotic Portal Vein Thrombosis and Budd-Chiari Syndrome in a Caucasian Population." International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/717480.
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Thrombophilic genetic factors PAI-1, MTHFRC677T, V Leiden 506Q, and Prothrombin 20210A were studied as risk factors in 235 Caucasian subjects: 85 patients with abdominal thrombosis (54 with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and 31 with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) without liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma) and 150 blood bank donors. Seventy-five patients with PVT/BCS showed associated disease or particular clinical status (46 PVT/29 BCS): 37 myeloproliferative neoplasm (20 PVT/17 BCS), 12 abdominal surgery (10 PVT/2 BCS), 10 contraception or pregnancy (6 PVT/4 BCS), 7 abdominal acute disease (6 PVT/1 BCS), and 9 chronic disease (4 PVT/5 BCS); ten patients did not present any association (8 PVT/2 BCS). PAI-14G-4G, MTHFR677TT, and V Leiden 506Q were significantly frequent (OR 95% CI andχ2test withPvalue) in abdominal thrombosis; in these patients PAI-14G-4G and MTHFR677TT distributions deviated from that expected from a population in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (PAI-1:χ2=13.8,P<0.001; MTHFR677:χ2=7.1,P<0.01), whereas the equilibrium was respected in healthy controls. V Leiden Q506 and Prothrombin 20210A were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium both in patients with abdominal thrombosis and healthy controls. Our study shows an important role of PAI-14G-4G and MTHFR677TT in abdominal thrombosis without liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Jurick, Sarah M., Laura D. Crocker, Victoria C. Merritt, Samantha N. Hoffman, Amber V. Keller, Graham M. L. Eglit, Kelsey R. Thomas, et al. "Psychological Symptoms and Rates of Performance Validity Improve Following Trauma-Focused Treatment in Veterans with PTSD and History of Mild-to-Moderate TBI." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 26, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719000997.
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AbstractObjective:Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) history have high rates of performance validity test (PVT) failure. The study aimed to determine whether those with scores in the invalid versus valid range on PVTs show similar benefit from psychotherapy and if psychotherapy improves PVT performance.Method:Veterans (N = 100) with PTSD, mild-to-moderate TBI history, and cognitive complaints underwent neuropsychological testing at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month post-treatment. Veterans were randomly assigned to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) or a novel hybrid intervention integrating CPT with TBI psychoeducation and cognitive rehabilitation strategies from Cognitive Symptom Management and Rehabilitation Therapy (CogSMART). Performance below standard cutoffs on any PVT trial across three different PVT measures was considered invalid (PVT-Fail), whereas performance above cutoffs on all measures was considered valid (PVT-Pass).Results:Although both PVT groups exhibited clinically significant improvement in PTSD symptoms, the PVT-Pass group demonstrated greater symptom reduction than the PVT-Fail group. Measures of post-concussive and depressive symptoms improved to a similar degree across groups. Treatment condition did not moderate these results. Rate of valid test performance increased from baseline to follow-up across conditions, with a stronger effect in the SMART-CPT compared to CPT condition.Conclusion:Both PVT groups experienced improved psychological symptoms following treatment. Veterans who failed PVTs at baseline demonstrated better test engagement following treatment, resulting in higher rates of valid PVTs at follow-up. Veterans with invalid PVTs should be enrolled in trauma-focused treatment and may benefit from neuropsychological assessment after, rather than before, treatment.
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Hidajat, Stobbe, Griesshaber, Schroder, and Felix. "Portal vein thrombosis: etiology, diagnostic strategy, therapy and management." Vasa 34, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.34.2.81.
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Myeloproliferative disorder, liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension, deficiency of natural anticoagulant proteins, gene mutation and hepatocellular carcinoma are the most frequent causes of portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Higher accuracy of the diagnostic methods is the reason why today the cause of PVT can be found more frequently. With imaging methods, PVT with or without cavernous transformation can be diagnosed. Fresh thrombus can be undetected in sonography due to the low echogenity but can be recognized in color Doppler sonography, especially with contrast-enhancing agent. Contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography allows a comparable accuracy in the detection of PVT as digital subtraction angiography. Therapeutical options of PVT consist of mechanical recanalization of the portal vein, local fibrinolysis with or without placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS), combination of mechanical recanalization and local fibrinolysis, systemic thrombolytic therapy, anticoagulation alone and surgical thrombectomy. Once PVT is found in sonography, Doppler sonography may be performed in order to distinguish benign from malignant thrombus. If further information is needed, MR angiography or contrast enhanced CT is the next step. If these tests are unsatisfactory, digital subtraction angiography should be performed. Until the early nineties, shunt surgery was recommended in patients with PVT who bled despite endoscopic treatment. Today, in symptomatic noncavernomatous PVT, recanalization with local methods is recommended. Additional implantation of TIPS should be performed when the patient is cirrhotic. In recent PVT in non-cirrhotic patients anticoagulation alone is recommended. It is expected that in old PVT anticoagulation can prevent further extension of the thrombus.