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Matuška, Martin. "Aplikace PVD povlaků pro frézování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229048.
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This dissertation treats of the influence of PVD coats to a change of tool lifetime. The theoretical part of the dissertation describes the adjustment of tools before the process of coating. Following part describes the specific properties of deposited layers of the coating and its measuring. There is also the enumeration and specification of selected ways of depositing PVD coats and brief description of its advantages and disadvantages. Second part of the dissertation is focused on an experiment with measuring of the tool force loading and its change depending to the tool wear. There are compared four short four-edged milling cutters with a coat and as well without it. Those tools were made of high speed steel by the conventional way and also by the powder metallurgy. Milling operation was done by down and up milling technique. The evaluation of the experimental results for powder metallurgy tools confirmed that these tools are advantageous compared to the standard high speed steel tools.
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Kuhn, Marius. "Verschleissschutzkonzepte für Wälzlager mittels PVD-Beschichtungen /." Aachen : Mainz, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016032014&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Ives, Malcolm. "Fundamental studies of the PVD technique." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1994. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19861/.
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A study and comparison of two commercially available and competitive physical vapour deposition techniques has been made. Titanium nitride (the most widely used hard and decorative coating) has been deposited by both steered arc and the new Arc Bond Sputter (ABS) magnetron technique under a range of deposition conditions. The coatings have subsequently been analysed by a variety of methods and the results reported here. The steered arc technique has been identified as the better technique for everyday ease of use in producing mononitride and monocarbide coatings with good batch uniformity and reproducibility in terms of composition and microstructure. However, for versatility the ABS magnetron technique allows the possibility to vary multiple parameters and hence change coating properties at will, albeit with some difficulty to maintain stable and reproducible operation. In this respect, plasma uniformity is discussed and problems with water vapour contamination and gas flow regulation are highlighted and possible solutions suggested. The coating-substrate interface region is considered, and the merits of metallic interlayers and arc etching are compared. An interlayer achieves good adhesion only at an optimum thickness as confirmed in this work. The good adhesion afforded by the arc etch phase of both processes is addressed and the ion-surface interactions modelled using commercially available computer software. The improvement in adhesion on high speed steel is explained by sputtering of the substrate matrix leaving hard carbide particles standing proud of the surface. When deposition takes place, the carbides mechanically key the coating to the substrate surface, and also possibly act as physical blocks to interfacial crack propagation. A theoretical contribution to the explanation of preferred crystallographic orientation during coating deposition is proposed derived from experimental results, surface physics and semiconductor growth theory. This attempts to explain the flexibility of sputtering techniques to produce a wide range of orientations, and the reasons why arc evaporation almost always produces {111} orientated coatings. Finally, a consideration of a comparatively new analytical technique (Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy) to the application of PVD coatings evaluation is addressed. The speed and versatility of this technique makes it strategically important in the future research, development and quality control of thin film production.
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Jaroš, Aleš. "Aplikace PVD povlaků pro čelní frézování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229043.
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Diploma thesis is focused on the application of PVD coatings for face milling. The theoretical part, systematically, deals with the division of coating methods. PVD method is stressed here. Treatment of material before coating is described as well. The machine, the machine tool and cutting material is described in the experimental section. The aim of the work was comparison of coating exchangeable cutting tips (VBD) to uncoated ones. Based on experiment, it is clear that the use of PVD coatings resulted in reduction of cutting powers and lifetime was increased.
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Santos, da Silva Cruz Ricardo Manuel. "TiB2 ceramic and DLC multilayered PVD coatings." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/1863.
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Titanium diboride (TiB2) has been investigated as a potential candidate for several industrial applications, such as: cutting tools, electric devices, wear parts and many more fields of application. The main drawback of TiB2 is its brittle nature, which has limited its range of applications. Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) has been used in industrial applications, mainly for wear resistant parts. However, the application of DLC films has been limited by the level of internal stress accumulated during deposition. This thesis investigates the deposition of TiB2/DLC multilayer wear resistant coatings to overcome these limitations. The thesis focuses on the tribological effects caused by different deposition techniques on TiB2 ceramic used by the coatings industry today, in order to overcome the brittle nature of TiB2 and the lack of adhesion of DLC films. The multilayer coatings consisted of 25 bi-layers of TiB2/DLC. These TiB2/DLC coatings were fabricated, maintaining a constant composition wavelength (sum of two layers λ =200 nm) for an array of ceramic fractions ranging from 25% to 95% by volume using as substrates, tool steel AISI 1095 and powder metallurgy aluminium alloys, type 2618. The effect of the DLC content on the structure and performance (hardness, adhesion and wear) of the films was investigated. The bi-layer thickness influences the failure patterns observed in the scratch testing. These observations have been used to optimise the multilayered coating structure. Multilayer coatings have been manufactured to increase surface hardness and wear resistance as applied to a commercial powder metallurgy Al alloys (Al 2618) used in the automotive industry. Optimum coatings have found hardness values of 27.8 GPa, with a critical load of 20 N and a friction coefficient of 0.47. As a result of wear tests the multilayer with 10% of DLC was found to be best compromise between high hardness (23.8 GPa), good adhesion (critical load higher than 20 N), low friction and low wear rate.
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Costa, Midori Yoshikawa Pitanga [UNESP]. "Fadiga em titânio aeronaútico revestido por PVD." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103746.
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Na indústria aeronáutica, propriedades como elevada razão resistência mecânica/peso e resistência à corrosão são as razões principais para o uso das ligas de titânio em componentes estruturais, substituindo ligas de alumínio e de aço. Contudo, em componentes mecânicos submetidos ao desgaste, a estrutura hexagonal compacta do titânio somada ao baixo limite de resistência ao cisalhamento requer o uso do material base com um tratamento superficial específico. Os componentes de trem-de-pouso, geralmente submetidos a um ambiente corrosivo sob carregamentos cíclicos, exigem caracterização quanto a resistência à fadiga. Nesta pesquisa é realizado o estudo do comportamento em fadiga da liga Ti-6Al-4V tratada superficialmente em 3 condições: Anodizada, revestida por HVOF com carbeto de tungstênio; e revestida com TiN, CrN e WC por PVD. Os ensaios pino-disco proporcionam uma análise comparativa da resistência ao desgaste dos revestimentos estudados. O principal objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o comportamento em fadiga e ao desgaste da liga Ti-6Al-4V sob diferentes tratamentos superficiais de tal forma que esse material possa substituir as ligas de aço atualmente utilizadas em componentes aeronáuticos. Os resultados mostram que a liga Ti-6Al-4V revestida com WC:H (DLC) por PVD é o melhor sistema de revestimento a ser empregado considerando o desempenho em resistência a fadiga e ao desgaste.
In the aeronautical industry, properties as high strength/weight ratio and effective corrosion resistance are primary reasons for the use of titanium alloys in structural components, in the replacement of steel or aluminum alloys. In mechanical components subjected to friction, the titanium hexagonal close packed crystalline structure in addition to the low shear resistance limit the use of the base material as received, then a specific surface treatment is required. Fatigue strength is an important property for components under cyclical loading and corrosive environment as landing gears. This research presented an evaluation of fatigue strength of Ti-6al-4V alloy in three main conditions: anodized, coated by HVOF with WC-10%Co-4% Cr and coated by PVD with TiN, CrN e WC. The pin-disc tests were carried out to obtain a comparative analysis among coatings wear resistance. The main propose of this research is replace the AISI 4340 alloy by Ti-6Al-4V, reducing the aeronautic component weight. Ti-6Al-4V DLC coated by PVD process is the chosen coating system alternative considering fatigue and wear resistance.
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Steenbakker, Remy. "Phosphor thermometry in an EB-PVD TBC." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5653.
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Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are used to reduce the actual working temperature of the high pressure turbine blade surface. Knowing the temperature across a TBC and at the interface with the thermally grown oxide (TGO) under realistic conditions is highly desirable. As the major life#controlling factors for TBC systems are linked with temperature, this would provide useful data for a better understanding of these phenomena and to assess the remnant life#time of the TBC. This would also enable the design of advanced cooling strategies in the most efficient way using a minimum amount of air. Further the integration of a sensor coating into an on#line temperature detection system will enable the full potential of TBCs to be realised due to improved precision in temperature measurement and early warning of degradation. This in turn will increase fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. The concept of sensing TBCs was patented by Choy et al. [114] in 1998 and consists of locally modifying the composition of the TBC so that it acts as a thermographic phosphor. As a result, the temperature dependence of the lifetime of the laser induced phosphorescence process can be used for temperature measurements. The purpose of this work was to develop a multilayer sensing TBC deposited by electron beam physical vapour deposition (EB#PVD) which could be used to remotely measure the temperature at different depths in the coating. In this study, the reader is introduced to the theory of luminescence sensing and its TBC application. Several yttria partially stabilised zirconia TBCs, co#doped with rare earth oxides (YSZ:RE) phosphors, were studied and it was shown that dysprosia doped YSZ has the highest temperature sensitivity. The influence of dopant concentration, layering and high temperature aging on the phosphorescence process were also researched. During the project, a novel, non#destructive, method to monitor the high temperature degradation of the TBC using phosphorescence measurements was found. Alternative phosphor compositions, based on yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) material, were successfully deposited by EB#PVD and it was shown that doped YAG TBC compositions could further improve the maximum temperature measurement capability of current sensing TBCs. A multilayer EB#PVD coating comprising of two different phosphor layers was deposited and tested in order to demonstrate that such systems could be used to remotely measure the temperature at two different depths in the TBC simultaneously and therefore to monitor the thermal gradient in the coating, permitting the direct measurement of heat flux under thermal gradient conditions, for example in service.
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Silva, Cruz Ricardo Manuel Santos da. "TiBâ‚‚ ceramic and DLC multilayered PVD coatings." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443347.
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Costa, Midori Yoshikawa Pitanga. "Fadiga em titânio aeronaútico revestido por PVD /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103746.
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Orientador: Maria Odila Hilário CioffiBanca: Marcelo dos Santos Pereira
Banca: Miguel Justino Ribeiro Barboza
Banca: Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira Baptista
Banca: Carlos Moura Neto
Resumo: Na indústria aeronáutica, propriedades como elevada razão resistência mecânica/peso e resistência à corrosão são as razões principais para o uso das ligas de titânio em componentes estruturais, substituindo ligas de alumínio e de aço. Contudo, em componentes mecânicos submetidos ao desgaste, a estrutura hexagonal compacta do titânio somada ao baixo limite de resistência ao cisalhamento requer o uso do material base com um tratamento superficial específico. Os componentes de trem-de-pouso, geralmente submetidos a um ambiente corrosivo sob carregamentos cíclicos, exigem caracterização quanto a resistência à fadiga. Nesta pesquisa é realizado o estudo do comportamento em fadiga da liga Ti-6Al-4V tratada superficialmente em 3 condições: Anodizada, revestida por HVOF com carbeto de tungstênio; e revestida com TiN, CrN e WC por PVD. Os ensaios pino-disco proporcionam uma análise comparativa da resistência ao desgaste dos revestimentos estudados. O principal objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o comportamento em fadiga e ao desgaste da liga Ti-6Al-4V sob diferentes tratamentos superficiais de tal forma que esse material possa substituir as ligas de aço atualmente utilizadas em componentes aeronáuticos. Os resultados mostram que a liga Ti-6Al-4V revestida com WC:H (DLC) por PVD é o melhor sistema de revestimento a ser empregado considerando o desempenho em resistência a fadiga e ao desgaste.
Abstract: In the aeronautical industry, properties as high strength/weight ratio and effective corrosion resistance are primary reasons for the use of titanium alloys in structural components, in the replacement of steel or aluminum alloys. In mechanical components subjected to friction, the titanium hexagonal close packed crystalline structure in addition to the low shear resistance limit the use of the base material as received, then a specific surface treatment is required. Fatigue strength is an important property for components under cyclical loading and corrosive environment as landing gears. This research presented an evaluation of fatigue strength of Ti-6al-4V alloy in three main conditions: anodized, coated by HVOF with WC-10%Co-4% Cr and coated by PVD with TiN, CrN e WC. The pin-disc tests were carried out to obtain a comparative analysis among coatings wear resistance. The main propose of this research is replace the AISI 4340 alloy by Ti-6Al-4V, reducing the aeronautic component weight. Ti-6Al-4V DLC coated by PVD process is the chosen coating system alternative considering fatigue and wear resistance.
Doutor
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Fořt, Tomáš. "Charakterizace nanostruktur deponovaných PVD a CVD technologiemi." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233449.
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The thesis deals with mechanical properties of thin hard wear-resistant coatings. The work presents a method of dynamic testing of thin hard coatings on a newly constructed prototype of impact wear tester. It provides a comparison with standard methods of layer testing and presents new experimental results of dynamic impact wear test of the coatings. Finally, the thesis covers preparation techniques of thin film systems deposited on various substrates and their characterization using optical and electron microscopy.
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Medek, Martin. "Zvyšování řezivosti HSS nástrojů pomocí PVD technologií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228840.
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Diploma work describes speed drill steels and its qualities before and after coating by methods PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition). The theoretic part is concerned with thermic processing of speed drill steels and their qualities with regard to individual alloying elements contained and its mechanical features. Second part of the theoretic part is concerned with particular methods of coating by the help of PVD technologies, kinds of coating with regard to additional elements and their qualities and surface treatments of coated material before and after its coating. The goal of the experimental part was the confrontation of cutting power features of cylindrical four-fluted face mills with straight shank, from speed drill steels non-coated and coated in two basic modes of milling – down-feed method and upfeed method. The results of measurements were interpreted by the help of four basic pictures (source values, power analysis, specific values). The result of all the experiment is that the application of PVD coatings enabled the increasing of cutting speed (with preservation of other cutting requirements) and led to decreasing of cutting force and cutting enforcements and extended durability of cutters.
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Samešová, Zina. "Zvyšování řezivosti maticových závitníků pomocí PVD povlaků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230057.
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This thesis, in its theoretical part deals with the process of cutting, abrasion-resistant layers properties and their contribution to increasing of cutting properties. The second part of the thesis is experimental. It aims to determine, compare and subsequently evaluate cutting properties of threading tools using matrix taps with different types of PVD coatings. During implementation of the experiment, constant cutting conditions have been ensured and the only variable was the different types of coating layers. Outcome of the experiment is measurement of cutting torques in relation on time and rate of wear of cutting tools.
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Grygárek, David. "Zvyšování řezivosti maticových závitníků pomocí PVD povlaků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231464.
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This diploma thesis deals with HSS cutting taps performance in combination with very hard and tribological PVD coating application and their contribution to increasing of cutting properties. Then is described the mechanisms and forms of cutting tool wear. The goal of the experimental part of the thesis was determine, compare and subsequently evaluate cutting properties of threading tools using taps with different types of PVD coatings. During realization of the experiment, constant cutting conditions have been ensured and the only variable were the different types of coating layers. The result of the experiment was measurement of cutting torques depending on time and rate of wear of cutting tools. Measured value are statistically processed and drawn conclusion.
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Rousseau, Youri. "Hybridation des technologies de jets de nanoparticules et de PVD pour la réalisation d’architectures nanocomposites fonctionnelles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS347.
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Les films nanocomposites sont des revêtements composés de nanoparticules enrobées dans une matrice solide d’un matériau différent. L’intérêt de ces matériaux réside dans leur capacité à exploiter les caractéristiques inédites des nano-objets qu’ils contiennent tout en bénéficiant des propriétés de résistance mécanique et chimique de la matrice. Ces composites disposent de propriétés très prometteuses pour un grand nombre d’applications comme le photovoltaïque ou la photocatalyse. Plusieurs procédés de synthèse existants permettent de produire des matériaux nanocomposites par des méthodes physiques ou chimiques (co-pulvérisation, sol-gel,…). Cependant, aucun n’est assez flexible pour envisager la synthèse d’une large gamme de nanocomposites par le même procédé. Ceci est un frein au développement à l’échelle industrielle de ce type de matériaux. Le premier objectif de la thèse est de développer un procédé original de synthèse de films nanocomposites. Ce procédé présente un caractère universel en ce qu’il permet un choix a priori illimité dans la nature des nanoparticules et celle de la matrice. Le procédé développé combine un jet de nanoparticules sous vide formé par une lentille aérodynamique à un dispositif de pulvérisation magnétron qui permet de déposer la matrice. Le jet de nanoparticules permet de coupler toute source de nanoparticules à la pulvérisation. Les nanoparticules peuvent être soit synthétisées in situ en phase gazeuse, soit synthétisées préalablement en voie liquide. Une grande variété de nanoparticules peut donc être utilisée. La pulvérisation magnétron permet par ailleurs de disposer d’une très large gamme de matériaux pour la matrice (métaux, céramique, polymère). Dans le cadre de cette thèse, deux types de sources de nanoparticules ont été utilisés. Le premier est un réacteur de pyrolyse laser et le second un générateur d’aérosol. Le réacteur de pyrolyse laser permet une synthèse in-situ des nanoparticules en phase gazeuse alors que le générateur d’aérosol permet d’utiliser une suspension de nanoparticules préalablement synthétisées. Afin d’éprouver la robustesse du procédé de co-dépôt, deux types de matériaux nanocomposites ont été développés. Le premier matériau étudié est composé de nanoparticules d’or sphériques de 35 nm de diamètre, synthétisées préalablement par voix liquide, dans une matrice de silice. Le but ici est de bénéficier des propriétés optiques uniques des nanoparticules d’or dans un film résistant mécaniquement et chimiquement. Les caractérisations réalisées sur ces matériaux ont permis d’optimiser la concentration en nanoparticules d’or dans les films de manière à garder des propriétés mécaniques et chimiques compatibles avec les applications tout en gardant des propriétés optiques satisfaisantes. Le second type de matériaux étudiés est composé de nanoparticules semi-conductrices synthétisées in situ par pyrolyse laser et d’une matrice métallique. La synthèse de ce matériau permet de démontrer la flexibilité du procédé de co-dépôt à synthétiser une large gamme de films nanocomposites. Enfin, la robustesse du procédé ayant été démontrée, la conception d’un pilote industriel a été entreprise. Le but final étant de disposer d’une machine répondant aux exigences industrielles dans l’optique d’un transfert technologiqueThe nanocomposite films are coatings of nanoparticles embedded in a solid matrix of a different material. The advantage of these materials is their ability to exploit the unique properties of nano-objects while benefiting of the mechanical and chemical resistance properties of the matrix. These composites have very promising properties for many applications such as photovoltaics and photocatalysis. Several existing synthetic methods can produce nanocomposite materials by physical or chemical methods (co-sputtering, sol-gel, ...). However, none is flexible enough to consider the synthesis of a wide range of nanocomposites by the same method. This is an obstacle to the development on an industrial scale of this type of material. The first objective of the thesis is to develop an original synthesis process of nanocomposite films. This method is universal in which it presents no limit in the choice of nanoparticles and matrix. The developed method combines vacuum nanoparticle jets formed by an aerodynamic lens with a magnetron sputtering device for depositing the matrix. The nanoparticle jets can be coupled with any source of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles may be synthesized in situ in the gas phase or beforehand solution synthesis. A wide variety of nanoparticles can be used. Magnetron sputtering also enables to have a very wide range of materials for the matrix (metal, ceramic, polymer). During this thesis, two types of nanoparticles sources were used. The first one is a laser pyrolysis reactor and the second is an aerosol generator. The laser pyrolysis reactor enables in-situ gas phase synthesis of the nanoparticles while the aerosol generator use a suspension of previously synthesized nanoparticles. To test the robustness of the co-deposition process, two types of nanocomposite materials have been developed. The first material is composed of 35 nm spherical gold nanoparticles, chemically synthesized, in a silica matrix. The goal here is to benefit from the unique optical properties of gold nanoparticles in a film mechanically and chemically resistant. The characterizations carried out on these materials have optimized the gold nanoparticle concentration in the films to keep the mechanical and chemical properties compatible with applications while maintaining satisfactory optical properties. The second type of materials studied is composed of semiconductor nanoparticles in situ synthesized by laser pyrolysis and a metal matrix. The synthesis of this material demonstrates the flexibility of the co-deposition method to synthesize a wide variety of nanocomposite films. Finally, the design of an industrial pilot was undertaken. The final goal is to have a pilot-scale setup that meets industry requirements in the context of a technology transfer
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Dietzel, Yvette. "Beschichtung von textilen Flächen mit den PVD-Technologien reaktives Vakuumbogen-Verdampfen und reaktives Magnetron-Sputtern : PVD-Beschichtung von textilen Flächen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1103790814484-00373.
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Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit ist der technologische Nachweis für die Erzeugbarkeit haftfester metallischer und keramischer Schichten auf textilen Flächengebilden mit den PVD-Technologien reaktives Magnetron-Sputtern und reaktives Vakuumbogen-Verdampfen. Basis für die Realisierung der experimentellen Untersuchungen sind sowohl vorhandene industrielle PVD-Beschichtungsanlagen, die im Batchbetrieb arbeiten, als auch Rollcoater als Bindeglied zwischen einer Labor- und einer Industrieanlage. Kern des Vorhabens sind umfangreiche Batchbeschichtungen auf Basis einer breit angelegten Experimentalmatrix bezüglich Substrat- und Schichtauswahl. Gängige Targetmaterialien sind Kupfer, Aluminium und Silber. Um zu zeigen, dass über das thermische Bedampfen hinaus neue Schichten und Schichtsysteme auf textilen Faserstoffen abgeschieden werden können, wurden zusätzlich die Targetmaterialien Titan und Zirkonium in die Untersuchungen einbezogen. Zur Herstellung sowohl metallischer als auch keramischer Schichten wird neben den technologischen Parametern Beschichtungszeit und Schichtmaterial der Reaktivgasfluss variiert. Als Substrate kamen zwei leichtgewichtige PA 6.6-Gewebe mit unterschiedlicher Bindung, ein kalanderverfestigter Vliesstoff aus PES und ein Spinnvliesstoff aus Kern-Mantel-Fasern mit einem PA 6 Mantel zum Einsatz. Zur Verbesserung der Schichthaftungen wurden Versuche zur Vorbehandlung mittels Plasmabehandlung in Argon und Sauerstoff, mit Gasphasenfluorierung sowie HMDSO-Behandlung mit einem PA 6.6-Gewebe durchgeführt. Im Anschluss an die Vorbehandlung wurden die Proben mit Titan und Titannitrid metallisiert. Die Charakterisierung der Substrat-Schicht-Verbunde erfolgt hinsichtlich - der chemischen Zusammensetzungen der Schichten mittels ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), - der Schichtstrukturen und Fasermorphologien mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, - der E-Moduln an Referenzprobekörpern aus Edelstahl mittels Härtemessung, - der Schichthaftungen durch Waschversuche, Martindale-Scheuertest, Peel-Test und - der funktionellen Schichteigenschaften wie Oberflächenwiderstände, elektromagnetische Schirmdämpfung, Wärmedämmeigenschaften Im Ergebnis der experimentellen Untersuchungen werden grundlegende Erkenntnisse zum Einfluss der PVD-Technologien und der Prozessparameter auf genannte Schicht- und Fasereigenschaften aufgezeigt. Des Weiteren werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen Schichtstruktur, Fasermorphologie und Schichthaftung dargelegt. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Schlussfolgerungen für eine gezielte industrielle Anwendung und Vorschläge für weiterführende wissenschaftliche Arbeiten abgeleitet. Die PVD-Verfahren werden bezüglich ihrer Eignung für die Textilbeschichtung bewertetSubject of the scientific study is the technological proof for the possibility to generate well adherent metallic and ceramic layers on textile fabrics with the PVD technologies reactive magnetron sputtering and reactive arc evaporation. Basis for the experimental investigations were both an industrial PVD coating device of the batch-type and a roll-coater which is a connective link between a laboratory and an industrial coating device. Extensive batch coatings on basis of a broadly applied experimental matrix in terms of the choice of the substrate and layer material are basis of the project. Usual target materials were copper, aluminium and silver. Additionally, the target materials titanium and zirconium were included in the investigations in order to show that new layers and layer systems can be deposited on textile fabrics by means of the investigated PVD technologies in comparison with thermal evaporation. Apart from the technological parameters coating time and layer material, the reactive gas flow were varied to deposit both metallic and ceramic layers. Substrates used in this study were lightweight Pa 6.6 fabrics with different weaves of the fabric, a calender bonded nonwoven of PES and a spunbonded nonwoven consisting of sheath-core fibers of PES (sheath) and Pa 6 (core). In order to improve the adhesion of layers, different pretreatments of the PA 66 fabric were carried out by means of plasma treatment with argon and oxygen, gas phase fluorination and treatment with HMDSO respectively. Subsequently, the pretreated samples were metallized with titanium and titanium nitride. The characterisation of the substrate layer combinations were carried out regarding - the chemical compositions of the layers by means of ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), - the layer structures and fiber morphologies by means of raster electron microscopy, - the modulus of elasticity on reference specimens consisting of stainless steel by means of hardness measurement, - the layer adhesion by wash tests, Martindale abrasion test, peel tests and - the functional layer characteristics such as surface resistances, electromagnetic shielding, heat insulating characteristics In the result of the experimental investigations, extensive knowledge to the influence of the PVD technologies and process parameters on layer and fiber characteristics are presented. Furthermore, the correlation of layer structure, fiber morphology and layer adhesion are explained. Conclusions for a selective industrial application and suggestions for further scientific investigations are derived from the results. The PVD procedures are evaluated concerning their suitability for the coating of textiles
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Paritong, Hilke. "Development of corrosion resistant niobium-based PVD coatings." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20185/.
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Niobium is well known for its excellent corrosion resistance based on the formation of a stable passive oxide layer, which protects the metal against corrosion in most aqueous media and makes it an interesting candidate for corrosion resistant coating applications. However, deposition of Nb films is restricted to few technologies and difficulties arise from the toxic nature of the electrolytes employed in electrodeposition of Nb, the high reactivity of the metal with residual gases in vacuum plasma spraying and its high melting point (Tm = 2500 0C) in PVD deposition. The present thesis describes the development of corrosion resistant Nb coatings on stainless steel and brass substrates by the combined steered arc/unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique. Evaluation of the corrosion behaviour is performed by potentiodynamic polarisation measurements in 3% NaCl. It is shown that corrosion resistant Nb coatings, with passivation characteristics similar to that of bulk Nb, can be produced on stainless steel substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering at a low deposition temperature (T = 250 0C) under reduced ion bombardment. However, the ion etching pre-treatment of the substrate prior to deposition has a significant influence on the corrosion resistance of the coating/substrate system. The employed polarisation measurements reveal that a fully passive and protective behaviour could only be achieved if Nb ions from the cathodic arc source are chosen as the etching species. In contrast, coatings deposited after Cr ion etching from the arc source and inert Ar ion etching, utilising a glow discharge, exhibit localised breakdown and pitting of the substrate. Cross sectional TEM imaging and STEM-EDX analyses reveal that bombardment of the stainless steel substrate by the multiply charged Nb ions generates a compositionally intermixed, very fine crystalline or "amorphised" interface layer, with a thickness of ~3-8nm, depending on the Nb ion energy. It is proposed that this layer acts as an additional barrier against corrosion due to (i) the structural homogeneity achieved by amorphisation and (ii) chemical stabilisation due to the introduction of Nb in the near surface region. The energy of the bombarding Nb ions, i.e. the substrate bias voltage during the etching stage, was found to further influence the corrosion resistance. Best results are achieved with "medium" bias voltages in the range of -600V to -800V, which is believed to be due to an optimum combination of structural and chemical protection mechanisms. The fully passive corrosion behaviour could not be observed in the case of brass substrates. However, the PVD coating systems on brass and on stainless steel are superior, in the employed polarisation measurements, to commercially produced, electroplated Cr, Ni and Ni/Cr coatings on the same substrate materials. Other coating properties investigated in the present study include microstructure, hardness, crystallographic orientation and residual film stresses.
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Landälv, Ludvig. "Thin Film and Plasma Characterization of PVD Oxides." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134146.
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The state-of-the-art tools for machining metals are primarily based on a metal-ceramic composite(WC-Co) coated with different combinations of carbide, nitride and oxide coatings. Combinations of these coating materials are optimized to withstand specific wear conditions. Oxide coatings are especially desired because of their possible high hot hardness, chemical inertness with respect to the workpiece, and their low friction. This thesis deals with process and coating characterization of new oxide coatings deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, focusing on the Cr-Zr-O and Al-Cr-Si-O systems. The thermal stability of α-Cr0.28Zr0.10O0.61 deposited by reactive radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering at 500 °C was investigated after annealing up to 870 °C. The annealed samples showed transformation of α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 and amorphous ZrOx-rich areas into tetragonal ZrO2 and bcc Cr. The instability of the α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 is surprising and possibly related to the annealing being done under vacuum, facilitating the loss of oxygen. The stabilization of the room temperature metastable tetragonal ZrO2 phase, due to surface energy effects, may prove to be useful for metal cutting applications. The observed phase segregation of α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 and formation of tetragonal ZrO2 with corresponding increase in hardness for this pseudo-binary oxide system also opens up design routes for pseudo-binary oxides with tunable microstructural and mechanical properties. The inherent difficulties of depositing insulating oxide films with PVD, demanding a closed circuit, makes the investigation of process stability an important part of this research. In this context, we investigated the influence of adding small amount of Si in Al-Cr cathode on plasma characteristics ,process parameters, and coating properties. Si was chosen here due to a previous study showing improved erosion behavior of Al-Cr-Si over pure Al-Cr cathode without Si incorporation in the coating. This work shows small improvements in cathode erosion and process stability (lower pressure and cathode voltage) when introducing 5 at % Si in the Al70Cr30-cathode. This also led to fewer droplets at low cathode current and intermediate O2 flow. A larger positive effect on cathode erosion was observed with respect to cleaning the cathode from oxide contamination by increasing cathode current with 50%. However, higher cathode current also resulted in increased amount of droplets in the coating which is undesirable. Through plasma analysis the presence of volatile SiO species could be confirmed but the loss of Si through volatile SiO species was negligible, since the coating composition matched the cathode composition. The positive effect of added Si on the process stability at the cathode surface should be weighed against Si incorporation in the coating. This incorporation may or may not be beneficial for the final application since literature states that Si promotes the metastable γ-phase over the thermodynamically stable α-phase of pure Al2O3, contrary to the effect of Cr, which stabilizes the α-phase.
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Malý, Martin. "Analýza řezivostnich vlastností řezných nástrojů povlakovaných PVD povlaky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417590.
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In this diploma thesis, literary research about drilling and coating technology focused on PVD coatings was performed. Furthermore, there is an overview of cutting materials. In the experimental part of the work, the attention is dedicated to tests of twist drills from cemented carbide and high-speed steel materials. For these drills, the feed force Ff and the cutting moment Mc were measured when drilling into austenitic stainless steel. At the end of this work, the technical and economic evaluation of the practical part is presented.
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Aouas, Mohamed-Rachid. "Substitution du chrome électrolytique par des depots PVD." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2020.
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Le carbure et le nitrure de carbone ont été élaborés par les procédés physiques en phase vapeur. Ce procédé a permis d'une part l'étude structurale, électronique du revêtement et d'une autre part de l'étude des systèmes CrC er CrN en considérant à la fois des dépôts monocouche (MC) et des dépôts bicouches (BC) et tricouches (TC) et d'une autre part à l'étude des revêtements multicouches constitués par un empilement CrC ou CrC/CrN. L'influence des différents paramètres expérimentaux a été étudiée sur la microstructure des revêtements, tout en intégrant l'interaction avec le substrat. L'analyse de l'influence des lacunes réalisée, a permis d'expliquer le comportement vis-à-vis de la dureté de différents dépôtsFirst-principles calculations, by means of the FULL-potential augmented plane wave method using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) were carried out to study structural and electronic properties of the CrC and CrN in their stoichiometric and substoichiometric forms. The multilayer of CrC and CrN were also studied with the molecular dynamic method where the variation of the bulk modulus and young modulus with the thickness are also seen as where as the effect of the vacancy on the multilayer of CrC and CrN. The multi-layer CrC/CrN present higher properties compared to the multi-layer CrC
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Martins, Bruno Emanuel Mestre. "Revestimentos PVD em microcavidades para moldação por injeção." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13698.
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Mestrado em Engenharia MecânicaCom o aumento da produção de microcomponentes na indústria da moldação por injeção, é necessário ultrapassar os problemas que vão surgindo na sua aplicação a grande escala. A razão de aspeto das cavidades a preencher, a geração de calor devido a elevadas tensões de corte, o atrito e desgaste das superfícies moldantes são fatores que têm uma influência importante na funcionalidade e qualidade dos componentes a produzir, assim como na durabilidade e performance do molde. Uma solução possível será a aplicação de filmes finos cerâmicos e metálicos que têm sofrido uma constante evolução de forma a dar resposta a esses desafios tecnológicos. São filmes que apresentam elevadas durezas, elevada resistência ao desgaste, à fissuração e baixo coeficiente de atrito. Neste trabalho foram produzidas várias amostras com o intuito de caracterizar da melhor forma as ferramentas moldantes presentes na indústria a nível de geometria. Estas amostras foram posteriormente revestidas através do método de deposição física a partir do estado de vapor (PVD) e caracterizadas. Os revestimentos usados foram o nitreto de titânio, o nitreto de crómio e o nitreto de alumínio e titânio. Numa primeira etapa, os filmes foram caracterizados macroscopicamente, analisando se seria visível algum defeito. Numa fase seguinte, foi elaborada uma caracterização mais detalhada através de microscopia ótica, SEM em conjunto com EDS, difração de raio-X, medição de micro-durezas e nanoindentação. Observou-se que todos os revestimentos aumentam a rugosidade e a dureza das amostras. Sendo nitreto de alumínio e titânio o que apresenta maior rugosidade e dureza, apresentando-se o nitreto de crómio do lado oposto. Todos os revestimentos apresentam espectros de XRD característicos dos materiais depositados, com o acréscimo de ferro proveniente do substrato onde foram aplicados. É também notório, em todos os revestimentos, a presença de partículas provenientes do cátodo, “droplets”, que acabam envolvidas no restante revestimento. A espessura de todos os revestimentos foi inferior aos 2 μm esperados no início da experiência. Todos os revestimentos foram caracterizados e associados ao tipo de solicitação em que a sua aplicação se poderá tornar mais vantajosa.
With the increase of the production of micro components in the injection moulding industry, it is necessary to overcome some obstacles to go to a large scale production. The aspect ratio of the cavities, the heat generation produced by high shear stress, friction and surface wear are important to the quality of final product, to the durability and tool performance. A possible solution is the application of ceramic or metalic thin films, that had a great evolution, and can solve that technological problems. Thin films have an high hardness, a good resistance to wear and fissuration and a low friction module. In this study were produced a few samples to characterize the geometry of the moulding tools used in the industry. This samples were coated with physical vapour deposition method (PVD) and analised after the coating process. The coatings used were titanium nitride, chromium nitride and aluminium and titanium nitride. First of all, the thin films were characterized macroscopically, analysing if they had some visible surface imperfections. The second step was doing a detailed characterization with optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy together with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, micro hardness measurement and nanoindentation. All the PVD thin films increased the roughness and the hardness of the samples. Aluminium and titanium nitride was the sample with the higher hardness and roughness, the chromium nitride thin film was the opposite. All the thin films had the XRD spectrum characteristic of the deposited materials plus the iron from the substrate. All the samples had droplets from the cathode in the middle of the regular coating. The thickness of all the thin films was thinner than the 2 μm expected at the beginning of the experience. All the coatings were characterized and associated to the situation that their application could become more advantageous.
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Bouzakis, Emmanouil. "Steigerung der Leistungsfähigkeit PVD-beschichteter Hartmetallwerkzeuge durch Strahlbehandlung /." Aachen : Apprimus-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989298493/04.
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Bugiel, Christoph. "Tribologisches Verhalten und Tragfähigkeit PVD-beschichteter Getriebe-Zahnflanken /." Aachen : Apprimus-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997432144/04.
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Skrbek, Jan. "Testování řezivosti vybraných druhů PVD povlaků pro frézování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229064.
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This work is focused to the cutting tests. There is a description of cutting test designed for PVD coated cemented carbide end mills. Cutting conditions are chosen according to orders, other subjects of choice are cutting tool geometry and workpiece material.
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Fuchs, Henning. "Untersuchungen zur ionenstromangepassten Prozessführung und zu Verfahrensvarianten im gepulsten Vakuumbogen-Beschichtungsprozess." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973155329.
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Schindhelm, Jessica [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen an PVD-PECVD-Kombinationsschichtsystemen auf Stahl / Jessica Schindhelm." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1074087836/34.
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Wang, Xihong. "Wear behavior of PVD titanium nitride-coated tool steels /." Full text open access at:, 1989. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,237.
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Groß, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung von korrosionsschützenden PVD-Hartstoffschichten für Magnesiumsubstrate / Stefan Groß." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050345428/34.
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Tsotsos, Chrisostomos. "Development of PVD metallic nanocomposite and glassy-metal coatings." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402439.
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Hampshire, Joanne. "A study of the structure of codeposited PVD coatings." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490169.
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The structure of two-component coatings codeposited by magnetron sputter ion plating was studied. This apparently simple topic has never been studied tematically and has led to a number of unexpected and very interesting results.
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Ehiasarian, Arutiun Papken. "Development of PVD coating processes informed by plasma diagnostics." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2002. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19603/.
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Physical vapour deposition technologies have been on the fast track of development for the last two decades due to their ability to meet demands for special materials and performance tools. The ever increasing complexity of the required coating microstructure and chemical composition can be achieved only by the development of PVD technology and in particular plasma sources for vapour generation that can provide the necessary tools. This thesis describes plasma diagnostic studies of plasma discharges, developments of plasma sources and deposition of CrN coatings. Initially the project investigated vacuum arc plasma discharges used in the Hauzer HTC1000/ABS industrially sized coater. The attention was concentrated to the plasma pretreatment by low energy (1200 - 3600 eV) Cr ion implantation into substrates, which contributed to an enhanced adhesion of subsequently deposited TiAIN coatings. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES), electrostatic probes, and time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy were used to study the interactions of the arc plasma with the gas atmosphere in the chamber. It was shown that increasing the pressure of Ar gas had a strong effect on the composition of the generated metal ion flux as the density of highly charged metal species reduced significantly to the benefit of gas ionisation. The mechanisms behind these observations are discussed and supported by further experiments. Based on the plasma diagnostic results, a novel two-stage pretreatment method was developed which allowed an enhanced adhesion due to faster sputter cleaning of the substrate surface and more efficient metal ion incorporation in the substrate material. In the final stages of the project a novel high power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) process utilising peak power densities of 3000 Wcm[-2] was investigated. OES studies showed the first evidence of doubly charged Cr and Ti ions generated by the HIPIMS discharge. Peak plasma densities of 10[13] cm[-3] were measured and, in the case of Cr, metal ions were found to constitute 30% of the total deposition flux to substrates. The influence of power on the plasma density, plasma composition and time evolution of the plasma was studied in detail using OES and electrostatic probes. The conditions for glow-to-arc transition were investigated. CrN coatings (thickness 2 mum) were deposited for the first time using HIPIMS of Cr in a nitrogen atmosphere. The microstructure observed in transmission electron microscopy cross sections was highly dense and droplet free and contributed to an excellent corrosion and wear resistance superior to 20 mum thick electroplated hard Cr, and CrN coatings deposited by arc and unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The HIPIMS discharge was used also for pretreatment of substrates with metal ions analogous to the one performed previously with arc discharge. High adhesion was achieved as indicated by the scratch test critical load value Lc = 85 N.Finally, at an intermediate stage of the PhD project, an alternative source providing metal ionisation was studied. It was based on a radio frequency (RF) powered coil that was inductively coupled to a magnetron sputtering discharge. Energy resolved mass spectroscopy and OES in a laboratory-sized version of the plasma source revealed elevated metal ion densities and high ion energies of the order of 60 eV. This source was upscaled, installed, and tested successfully in the industrially sized Hauzer coater. The ion-to-neutral ratio at the substrate position could be increased 5-fold for a similar increase in RF power.
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Constable, Christopher Paul. "Raman microscopic studies of PVD deposited hard ceramic coatings." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19498/.
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PVD hard ceramic coatings grown via the combined cathodic arc/unbalance magnetron deposition process were studied using Raman microscopy. Characteristic spectra from binary, multicomponent, multilayered and superlattice coatings were acquired to gain knowledge of the solid-state physics associated with Raman scattering from polycrystalline PVD coatings and to compile a comprehensive spectral database. Defect-induced first order scattering mechanisms were observed which gave rise to two pronounced groups of bands related to the acoustical (150-300cm[-1]) and optical (400-750cm[-1]) parts of the phonon spectrum. Evidence was gathered to support the theory that the optic modes were mainly due to the vibrations of the lighter elements and the acoustic modes due to the vibrations of the heavier elements within the lattice. A study into the deformation and disordering on the Raman spectral bands of PVD coatings was performed. TiAIN and TiZrN coatings were intentionally damaged via scratching methods. These scratches were then analysed by Raman mapping, both across and along, and a detailed spectral interpretation performed. Band broadening occurred which was related to "phonon relaxation mechanisms" as a direct result of the breaking up of coating grains resulting in a larger proportion of grain boundaries per-unit-volume. A direct correlation of the amount of damage with band width was observed. Band shifts were also found to occur which were due to the stresses caused by the scratching process. These shifts were found to be the largest at the edges of scratches. The Raman mapping of "droplets", a defect inherent to PVD deposition processes, found that higher compressive stresses and large amounts of disorder occurred for coating growth onto droplets. Strategies designed to evaluate the ability of Raman microscopy to monitor the extent of real wear on cutting tools were evaluated. The removal of a coating layer and subsequent detection of a base layer proved successful. This was then expanded to real wear situations in which tools were monitored after 3,6,12,64,120 and 130 minutes-in-cut. A PCA chemometrics model able to distinguish between component layers and oxides was developed. Raman microscopy was found to provide structural and compositional information on oxide scales formed on the surfaces of heat-treated coatings. Wear debris, generated as a consequence of sliding wear tests on various coatings, was also found to be primarily oxide products. The comparison of the oxide types within the debris to those formed on the surface of the same coating statically oxidised, facilitated a contact temperature during sliding to be estimated. Raman microscopy, owing to the piezo-spectroscopic effect, is sensitive to stress levels. The application of Raman microscopy for the determination of residual compressive stresses within PVD coatings was evaluated. TiAlN/VN superlattice coatings with engineered stresses ranging -3 to -11.3 GPa were deposited onto SS and HSS substrates. Subsequent Raman measurements found a correlation coefficient of 0.996 between Raman band position and stress (determined via XRD methods). In addition, there was also a similar correlation coefficient observed between hardness and Raman shift (cm-1). The application of mechanical stresses on a TiAlCrN coating via a stress rig was investigated and tensile and compressive shifts were observed.
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Technik, Radim. "Vystružovací nástroje s břity z cermetu a PVD povlakem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228662.
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The Master’s thesis is focused on reaming technology using PVD coated reamers with cermet cutting edge. This work point out a historical evolution of reaming technology as well as recent requirements to the quality of produced surfaces. Reamers characteristic, splitting, mechanical designs, cutting tool geometry as well as the assumption of a reamer potential evolution are presented. Application of cermet tool material and PVD coatings to reaming tools is considered. The work contains a review of present statement at reamer market including cermet reamers and provided single cells (elements) of the Tool Management. The experimental part of the work is focused on product manufacture qualities verification of the changeable PVD coated reamer head made by HAM-FINAL ltd. Economic analysis in case of investment to the reamer purchase is demonstrated on the example of the practical application of the reamer.
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Jašek, Petr. "Vliv PVD povlaku na trvanlivost VBD při čelním frézování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241920.
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This diploma thesis is aimed on durability of PVD and CVD coatings for symmetrical face milling. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of cemented carbides, milling technology and the characteristics of the coating methods. The experimental part describes the machine tool, used tools, workpiece material and cutting conditions. The aim of the work was to measure the cutting forces and tool wear during the milling. Based on experiment, it is clear that the PVD coatings with nano-layers achieves to the longer life in comparison with others and generally, that the using of coatings leads to reduction of cutting powers and lifetime was increased.
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Anjum, Sadaf Saad. "Fabrication of smart intercalated polymer-SMA nanocomposite." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9384.
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Mimicking nature gives rise to many important facets of biomaterials. This study is inspired by nature and reports on the fabrication of an intercalated polymer-NiTi nanocomposite that mimics the structural order of urethral tissue performing micturition. PTFE is chosen due to its hydrophobicity, low surface energy, and thermal and chemical stability. NiTi has been selected as a prime candidate for this research due to its excellent mechanical stability, corrosion resistance, energy absorbance, shape memory and biocompatibility. Nanoscale engineering of intercalated nanocomposites is done by PVD sputtering PTFE and NiTi. FTIR spectroscopy confirms that PTFE reforms as polymer chains after sputtering. Suitable PVD sputtering parameters were selected by investigating their influence on deposition rates, microstructure and properties of PTFE and NiTi thin films. PTFE forms stable nanocomposite coatings with NiTi and displays favourable surface interactions, known as ‘intercalation’. Intercalated PTFE-NiTi films were fabricated as layered and co-sputtered thin films. Co-sputtered nanocomposites contained nearly one-third vacant sites within its internal microstructure because of intercalation while intercalation introduced minute pits in fibrous NiTi columns of layered nanocomposites. These pits allow PTFE to extend their chains and crosslinks, resulting in microstructural and functional changes in the thin films. Intercalated PTFE-NiTi nanocomposites offer a close match to the natural tissue in terms of responding to the fluid contact (wetting angle modifications), and allow the soft and hard matter to incorporate in one framework without any chemical reactions (intercalation). An intercalated microstructure in co-sputtered and layered nanocomposites was verified by EDS-SEM and EDS-TEM techniques. The functional responses were witnessed by changes in water contact angle (WCA) and coefficient of friction (CoF) values measured on the film surface. The WCA (99°) and CoF (0.1 – 0.2) of the intercalated nanocomposite (sample PNT12) were different to the NiTi (top layer). WCA and CoF indicate the internal microstructural interactions because of intercalation. Although the pseudoelastic behaviour of NiTi can provide additional fluid response but the difficulty is an absence of crystallinity in as-deposited NiTi, and the heat treatment that melts PTFE. However, DSC and XRD techniques were employed to find the optimum NiTi composition and transition temperatures for phase transformation related to pseudoelasticity. This study provides the basis to incorporate the shape memory (pseudoelasticity or thermal shape memory effect (shape memory effect)) features of NiTi into the intercalated nanocomposite in future. The intercalated PTFE-NiTi nanocomposite reveals a fascinating research precinct, having the response generating characteristics similar to that of natural tissue.
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Yildirim, Baycan [Verfasser]. "Mehrlagige EB-PVD-Wärmedämmschichten auf Basis von Seltenerdoxiden / Baycan Yildirim." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080762949/34.
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Maes, Michel. "Gepulste Abscheidung von (Cr, Al)N-PVD-Niedertemperaturschichtsystemen für Hochleistungsbauteile /." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016489155&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Zhou, Zhaoxia. "Oxidation and wear of TiAlN/VN multilayer PVD hard coatings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557419.
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TiAlN/VN multilayers, with a layer periodicity of ~3nm, have exhibited superior sliding wear resistance (1.26xlO-17m3N-lm-l) and lower friction coefficient (~=0.4, pin-on-disc test, Ah03 ball counterpart) when compared to other commonly used wear protective coatings, e.g. TiN, TiAlN and TiAlN/CrN. They require excellent oxidation and wear resistance for dry high speed machining operations. This project investigates the microstructure of the as-deposited coatings, their oxidation degradation mechanism and their wear and friction properties at room and elevated temperatures. The microstructure of the starting films was studied in terms of intermixing between the TiAlN and VN individual layers caused by the absence of shutters during the industrial PVD deposition. A FEGTEM coupled with EELS revealed chemical distribution of individual layers at nanometre resolution. Cs corrected STEM allowed the composition of individual atomic columns to be imaged. It was also used to probe across the interface of TiAlN/VN with angstrom beam (1 A) using EELS which showed a 1±0.1 nm thick intermixing between TiAlN and VN. Film growth and elemental distributions were therefore theoretically predicted in association with substrate rotation. The experimental compositional profiles and the prediction showed good agreement. The coatings deposited with -75 V and -85 V substrate bias voltage were multilayer TiAlNNN, 37at%:::;V:::;55at%, 0.81:::;(Ti+Al)/V:::;1.73, which were used for subsequent oxidation and wear studies. The oxidation behaviour of these coatings in air was investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis up to 1000°C and compared to TiN and TiAlN. Static oxidation of TiAlN/VN films was studied in the range 550-700°C, and characterised by high temperature in-situ X-ray diffraction and STEM/EDXlEELS of selected surface cross-sections. The oxidation resistance of TiAlN/VN was found to be controlled by the VN layers and consequently oxidation was initiated at a lower temperature than TiN and TiAlN coatings. The onset for rapid oxidation of the TiAlN/VN coating was found to be 2550°C. At temperatures >600°C, a duplex oxide structure was formed; the inner layer comprised a porous region of Ti-rich and V-rich nanocrystallites, while several phases were observed in the outer region, including V20 5, Ti02 and AlV04. V20 5 was the dominant oxide at the outer layer at 2638°C. An Au marker study suggested roughly equal diffusivity of cations outward and oxygen inward diffusion occurred during oxidation. Further to the oxidation study, dry sliding ball-on-disc wear tests of TiAlN/VN (V 55.2at%, Ti 28.5at% and Al 16.3at%) coatings on flat stainless steel substrates were undertaken against Ah03 at 25°C, 300°C and 635°C in air to investigate the relation between the presence of V 205 and low friction. The friction coefficient was 0.53 at 25°C which increased to 1.03 at 300°C and decreased to 0.46 at 635°C. Detailed investigation of the worn surfaces was undertaken using site-specific TEM via FIB, along with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Microstructure and tribo-induced chemical reactions at these temperatures were correlated with the coating's wear and friction behaviour. The friction behaviour at room temperature is attributed to the presence of a thin hydrated tribofilm and the presence of V 205 at high temperature.
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Purandare, Yashodhan Prakash. "Aqueous erosion-corrosion studies of superlattice CrN/NbN PVD coatings." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428368.
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Marquez, Prieto Jose. "Development of Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu2SnS3 based absorbers by PVD processes." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36010/.
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Kesterite thin film solar cells are one of the most promising technologies for the future thin film PV market. The term “kesterite” refers to the crystal structure that the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 compound adopts. This thesis discusses the study of the formation of the pure selenide of the kesterite compound Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) as an absorber layer. The layers were produced by a 2-stage physical vapour deposition (PVD) of Cu-Zn-Sn precursor films by sputtering followed by a reactive conversion step in the presence of Se. Solar cells have been fabricated with the absorbers produced. The research explored the evolution of phases during the formation of CZTSe and the influence of the absorber composition on its optical and microstructural properties. In addition, the work involved: optimisation of the CZTSe synthesis process, studying the influence of the Se source, the role of temperature of the conversion process, the role of ramping rate and the ambient pressure, and the role of these for maximising device performance. From the study of the evolution of phases it was concluded that CZTSe can be formed from Cu-Zn-Sn precursors over a wide range of temperatures (380-550 oC). The formation of the ternary compound Cu2SnSe3 (CTSe) from Cu-Sn precursors using the same synthesis approach was also demonstrated. Whilst this material was considered unsuitable as a solar PV absorber layer due to its low bandgap, the pure sulphide ternary phase Cu2SnS3 (CTS) was considered more suitable and was synthesised using a single step co-evaporation PVD method. A device with an efficiency of 1.8% demonstrated the possibility of using this earth abundant compound for thin film PV. A combination of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies demonstrated that CZTSe films with very Cu-poor and Zn-rich compositions led to a high population of the beneficial VCu + ZnCu defect clusters, and CZTSe phase domains with a less disordered kesterite type structure. This led to devices with efficiencies over 8% and VOC values greater than those of the current world record CZTSe solar cells. The research of this thesis provides a combination of practical and fundamental knowledge that could become a key towards minimising the efficiency gap between kesterites and their commercialised chalcogenide predecessors: CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2.
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Liang, Tiancheng [Verfasser]. "Schichtentwicklung zum Oxidationsschutz von Titanaluminiden mittels HS-PVD / Tiancheng Liang." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217164022/34.
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Maurer, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Versagensmechanismen von PVD-Beschichtungen auf CFK unter Erosionsverschleiß / Christoph Maurer." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052162061/34.
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Landälv, Ludvig. "Samband mellan tjockleken hos PVD-skikt och förslitningsbeteendet vid svarvning." Thesis, Luleå Tekniska Universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127729.
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This project has as main goal to study the influence of the coating thickness, deposited by arc-PVD- technology, on the wear resistance of coated cemented carbide inserts in three different turning operations. An additional effort has also been made to develop a new test method for evaluating flank wear resistance. Three different coating types (Coating A, Coating B and Coating C) have been studied in three distinctive thicknesses (2, 4 and 6 μ m) for each type. For two of the coating types (Coating A and B) special studies has been done with the thickest coating, creating two additional coating versions of the thickest coating, by changing various deposition parameters, with the aim to enhance the cohesive properties of the coating and lower the residual stresses at the cutting edge. The results show increased crater wear resistance with increased coating thickness for all coating types, but the amount of increase changes with coating type (Coating A>B>C). Flaking wear resistance decreased with increased coating thickness for all coating types. Further the high temperature version of Coating A, showed a significant increase in the flaking wear resistance compared to the standard version of Coating A. The flank wear test showed an increased resistance with thicker coatings in all cases except for the 6 μ m version of Coating C. The flank wear resistance of the most flank wear resistant coatings (Coating B, C) was also successfully examined in a new developed test method. The method suppressed excessive crater wear on the rake face and presented a high abrasive wear rate on the flank and some flaking on the rake face. The amount of flaking is judged not to influence the testing of the flank wear resistance. For all the tested coatings in the new test an increase in the coating thickness resulted in better flank wear resistance.
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Davidson, John Lee. "⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer studies of surface interactions in a PVD process." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1997. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19536/.
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A critical stage of the combined steered arc and unbalanced magnetron process is the metal ion pre-treatment which improves the adhesion of the TiN coating. In this study, Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) has been used to investigate surface interactions in a commercial Arc Bond Sputtering (ABS) coating system. A novel application of the Liljequist theory of CEMS has been used to determine ion etch rates for deposited natural iron on stainless steel substrates, for various Ti ion pre¬treatment processes. The approach has estimated an etch rate of 60 nm min.'1 for samples positioned without substrate rotation at a cathode-sample distance of 250 mm. This has been calculated to correspond to a bias current density of 6.68 Amps m-2. Similar experiments involving modes of rotation yield an average etch rate of approximately 40 nm min.-1 To detect small quantities of iron containing phases formed during a pre-treatment process it has been necessary to enrich substrates with the Mossbauer isotope, 57Fe to achieve greater surface sensitivity. The enrichment used the technique of the deposition of an estimated 25 nm of 57Fe on polished mild steel substrates followed by annealing to generate an 57Fe diffusion profile into the near surface region. A diffusion model has been used to predict the 57Fe depth profile due to the adopted annealing process parameters. Verification of the estimated thickness of the deposited 57Fe overlayer and the diffusion profile has been provided by SIMS and SNMS. Using the 57Fe enriched mild steel samples, CEMS has investigated the formation of iron- titanium phases after a typical industrial ten minute pre-treatment process using substrate rotation, at a substrate bias voltage of -1200 V. Significant phase formation of both crystalline Fe[x]Ti[1-x] and amorphous Fe[x]Ti[1-x] have been identified. The formation of the crystalline phase has been confirmed by XRD. Using a model of the 57Fe isomer shift dependence of x, in amorphous alloys yielded x=0.31 +/-0.08 for Fe[x]Ti[1-x] Further experiments using an estimated 25 nm of 57Fe deposited on mild steel without annealing, showed the presence of magnetite and a small quantity of crystalline FeTi for a 25 s pre¬treatment process. After a 300 s pre-treatment time the oxide layer is removed and significant quantities of both crystalline and amorphous FeTi are formed. CEMS has also showed increased 57Fe removal at a 6 x 10-5 mbar Ar operating pressure within the coating chamber compared with a pre-treatment performed at a higher Ar pressure of 3 x 10-3 mbar, showing the greater effect of the Ti ion etching under these conditions. During the experiments performed at different Ar pressures, CEMS also identified iron carbonitride phases. Similar phases have also been identified in the early growth stages of a compound layer in a process performed using a modified Balzers coating system. CEMS has proved to be a powerful technique, enabling the investigation of surface interaction phenomena occurring in the near surface region of 57Fe enriched substrates treated by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) processes. The information provided by the technique makes it strategically important in the future research of interface regions generated by PVD processes.
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Akbari, Alireza. "Nanocomposite TIN-NI PVD coatings : synthesis, structural and mechanical properties." Université de Poitiers. UFR des sciences fondamentales et appliquées, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2362.
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Des revêtements nanocomposites TiN-Ni ont été élaborés par pulvérisation ionique réactive (PIR) et par pulvérisation magnétron réactive (PMR). Les propriétés structurales et les contraintes résiduelles ont été étudiées principalement en utilisant la diffraction des rayons X. Les propriétés mécaniques - dureté, ténacité, adhérence au substrat et résistance à l’usure - ont été évaluées par nanoindentation, test de rayure, indentation à forte charge, tribomètre pion-disque et profilométrie 3D. Les revêtements élaborés par la technique PIR se composent de nanograins (<10 nm) de TiN entourés par une phase métallique amorphe constituée du nickel. Les couches PMR sont formées de nanograins d’une solution solide métastable de TiN(Ni) entourés par une phase amorphe de Ti2Ni. La plupart des propriétés sont contrôlées par la l’addition du nickel. Quelle que soit la technique d’élaboration, une texture est observée, qui évolue vers la texture (200) quand la concentration en Ni augmente. Pour des températures de substrat élevées (200-400°C), les contraintes résiduelles diminuent pour les dépôts PIR tandis qu’elles augmentent pour les dépôts PMR. Les deux types de dépôts ont une dureté améliorée. Pour les dépôts PIR, une super dureté (~45 GPa) est observée, qui correspond a une taille de grain TiN proche de 8 nm et une couverture par le Ni de 1 monocouche. L’addition de nickel améliore la ténacité des revêtements. Comparé à TiN, la résistance à l’usure est augmentée d’un facteur 20 pour les dépôts présentant une ténacité améliorée. Au contraire, les dépôts présentant une plus grande dureté ont une résistance à l’usure identique et même plus faible que TiNNanocomposite TiN-Ni coatings were deposited using reactive dual ion beam sputtering (RDIBS) and reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering (RUBMS). Structural properties and residual stresses have been investigated mainly using X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties including hardness, toughness adhesion and wear resistance were evaluated using nanoindentation, scratch test, high load indentation and ball on disc tests coupled with 3D profilometry. In RDIBS coatings, the only crystalline phase is TiN with grain size smaller than 10 nm embedded in a 2 monolayers thick Ni tissue at 22 at. % Ni. In RUBMS coatings, Ni containing TiN metastable phase is embedded in a Ti2Ni amorphous layer. Most of structural and mechanical properties are governed by the Ni content. Whatever the deposition technique, a texture is observed which evolves towards the (200) texture with increasing the Ni content. At high substrate temperatures (200-400°C), the residual stress decreases for RDIBS coatings when adding Ni while it increases for the RUBMS coatings. This later increase is related to Ni incorporation in the TiN lattice. Both coatings exhibit a hardness enhancement. For the RDIBS coatings, superhardness (~45 GPa) is observed, which corresponds to TiN crystallite size of ~8 nm and Ni coverage of about one monolayer. The addition of Ni improves coating toughness. Compare to the TiN films, an enhancement in wear resistance up to 20 times was observed for the coatings with improved toughness. On the contrary, the superhard coatings exhibited identical or even worse wear resistance than TiN
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Hudeček, Pavel. "Testování řezivosti nástrojů ze slinutých karbidů povlakovaných PVD nanokrystalickými kompozity." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228680.
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This thesis deals with the analysis of properties of hard coatings and wear resistance PVD coated technology. It focuses on the preparation, execution and evaluation of test coatings on the front ball milling cutter.
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Back, Christoph. "UHV-Cluster-Anlage zur Herstellung von Dünnfilmstrukturen und Transport- und Rauscheigenschaften von YBa2Cu3O7-d-Korngrenzen-SQUIDs." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984577629.
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Grossl, Andreas. "Einfluss von PVD-Beschichtungen auf die Flanken- und Fusstragfähigkeit einsatzgehärteter Stirnräder." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/618916/document.pdf.
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Fry, Christopher. "Development of magnesium-based multilayer PVD coatings for hydrogen storage applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14064/.
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On the long list of solid-state hydrogen storage materials, magnesium hydride stands out for its relatively high hydrogen storage capacity of 7.7 wt%, combined with the low cost and abundance of magnesium. For practical applications however, issues such as the slow kinetics and the high stability of magnesium hydride must be resolved in order to reduce the potential operating temperatures of a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage system. Catalysis has been widely used to improve the hydrogen storage kinetics and thin film techniques have been used to explore novel structures and combinations of materials in order to improve both the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogen storage in magnesium. The original contribution to knowledge of this work lies in the study and understanding of the evolution of a range of novel thin film multilayer coatings and the effect of the structure, structural evolution and materials on the hydrogen storage properties of these materials, each consisting of 150 layers of magnesium, < 20 nm thick, separated by < 3 nm thick layers of a nickel-rich, iron-based transition metal mix, chromium and vanadium. The samples, as well as a non-catalysed control sample, were produced by means of magnetron-assisted physical vapour deposition and delaminated from the substrate for volumetric, gravimetric and calorimetric hydrogen cycling measurements. The coatings were analysed both before and after hydrogen cycling to understand the structural evolution of the coatings from highly structured thin film multilayers to flaky thin film particles containing finely distributed nano-crystalline catalyst particles. The formation of the intermetallic Mg2Ni in one of the samples was found to be beneficial for the hydrogenation kinetics, whilst the dehydrogenation kinetics were found to be affected mostly by the nano-crystalline transition metal phases that formed in the catalysed samples during hydrogen cycling. This resulted in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of magnesium hydride in less than 4 and 13 minutes at 250°C with activation energies as low as 60.6 ± 2.5 kJ mol-1.
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Nickel, Reimo [Verfasser]. "Die beschichtungsprozessabhängige Materialmodellierung von EB-PVD- und APS-Wärmedämmschichten / Reimo Nickel." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1170526624/34.
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Hamilton, Philip John. "The development of PVD coatings for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5107/.
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This work investigated the suitability of thin film, single and multi-layered coatings, by a Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plates. Due to the multifunctional nature of this particular component a comprehensive approach was used where several key properties were examined for coatings including: ZrN, TiN, CrN, Graphit-iC™, CrN+C, TiN+C and Au. Chemical etching and surface roughness were found to influence the Interfacial Contact Resistance (ICR) of the substrate; however, any observed effect was negated with the addition of a conductive coating. CrN+C and TiN+C multi-layer coatings showed a striking reduction in the ICR compared with the nitride only equivalents. The suitability of pre-coated PVD coatings for serial production via stamping was assessed in collaboration with an industrial partner. The coating durability was found to be influenced by several factors including coating type, thicknesses and position on stamped plate. The multi-layered TiN+C coating was found to noticeably improve the stampability compared to the TiN only coating. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated under simplified corrosion conditions. Under these conditions TiN+C was found to have two beneficial effects, improving the free corrosion potential and the stability of the carbon topcoat under startup/shutdown potentials.