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Journal articles on the topic 'PVC PLASTISOL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Ji, Yubi, Heng Luo, Min Shi, Zhao Yang, Wei Gong, and Hong Tan. "Study of the rheology and foaming processes of poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols with different foaming agents." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0447.

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AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisols are widely used in the production of flexible PVC foams. In this study, we investigated the evolution of the complex viscosity of PVC plastisol by dynamic oscillatory tests, the storage modulus of the PVC compound by dynamic mechanical analysis, and the thermal behavior including the decomposition of three chemical blowing agents (CBAs), namely, azodicarbonamide, 4,4′-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), and sodium bicarbonate, by differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the morphology and quality of the foams obtained from the corresponding plastisols were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the onset decomposition temperature T2(5%) of a CBA in plastisol is the most critical indicator of the foam quality. The temperature difference corresponding to [T2(5%) – Tηmax] was also proved to be another important parameter. When T2(5%) is within the optimum temperature range of a PVC plastisol, the bigger the [T2(5%) – Tηmax] difference, the better the quality of the foams.

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2

Makarewicz, Edwin, and Krzysztof Jan´czak. "The influence of organic diluents and solvents on the stability of PVC plastisol water dispersions." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0011-1.

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The influence of organic diluents and solvents on the stability of PVC plastisol water dispersions The work presents the research, the aim of which is to specify the influence of organic diluents and solvents such as xylene, toluene, n-butyl acetate and butanol as well as cyclohexanone on the stability of water dispersions of the PVC plastisol containing various surface-active agents (SAA). The applied surfactants were characterised by a specific ethoxylation number, molecular mass, the Hildebrand parameter, hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, surface activity, the limiting viscosity number, the Haller interaction constant, the limiting equivalent conductivity and the Kohlrausch-Onsager equation "b" constant. Basing on the molar refraction and the Hildebrand parameter, the interactions between the plastisol constituents and the constituents of water dispersions of the PVC plastisol were established. The sedimentation tests on the PVC plastisol water dispersions stabilized by various surface-active agents with an organic diluent or solvent added indicated that the addition resulted in the dispergation yield, a reduction in the PVC plastisol molecular size in water dispersion and the increased Huggins interaction constant, showing both surface lyophilisation and higher adsorption of surface-active agents.

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3

Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Rheology of PVC Plastisol." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 241, no. 2 (September 2001): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7733.

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4

Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Rheology of PVC Plastisol." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 241, no. 2 (September 2001): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7734.

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5

Marcilla, A., J. C. García, R. Ruiz, S. Sánchez, C. Vargas, L. Pita, and M. I. Beltrán. "Rotational Moulding of PVC Plastisol." International Polymer Processing 20, no. 1 (March 2005): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.1869.

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6

Plotnikova, G. V., K. L. Kuznetsov, V. A. Kuimov, N. A. Belogorlova, S. F. Malysheva, A. V. Rychkov, and N. K. Gusarova. "NEW FLAME RETARDANT FOR PVC PLASTISOL." Proceedings of universities. Applied chemistry and biotechnology 6, no. 3 (2016): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2016-6-3-100-106.

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7

Nakajima, N. "Preparation of Foam from PVC Plastisol." International Polymer Processing 22, no. 4 (September 2007): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.1010.

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8

Hemmrich, H. J. "Whither Now in PVC Plastisol Coatings?" Journal of Coated Fabrics 22, no. 3 (January 1993): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808379302200302.

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9

Marshall, Richard A. "Moisture absorption by PVC plastisol components." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 12, no. 4 (December 1990): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730120403.

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10

Савченко, Б. М., Н. В. Сова, Б. С. Дебелий, Р. Ш. Іскандаров, О. О. Слепцов, and Т. А. Поліщук. "АДИТИВНЕ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕЛАСТИЧНИХ ВИРОБІВ З ПВХ ПЛАСТИЗОЛЮ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 142, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.1.8.

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Development and testing of the technology of additive formation of elastic and soft products. The tensile strength and elongation at break for all the studied samples were determined according to ISO 527, the density of the samples according to PN-EN ISO 1183-1, the melt flow rate according to ISO 1133: 2005, the Shore A hardness according to ISO 868. The technology of additive manufacturing of soft and elastic products from liquid consumables has been created. The initial raw material for the formation of objects is the liquid composition of PVC, which can be transformed from the liquid state of plastisol to elastic plastic part or article. The created technology allows to create products of complex geometric shape with a hardness on the Shore scale of 5 to 90 units. The developed technology allows to create products from composite materials and foam based on PVC and can be implemented on equipment for FFF technology. The composition of the plastisol allows to adjust the hardness and elasticity of the products obtained over a wide range, the addition of pigments and dyes allows reach different colors. The developed technology has a higher forming speed rate than the FFF technology. A possible field of application is the manufacture of seals, soundproof materials, shock and vibration absorbers, design elements of clothing and shoes. The possibility of additive manufacturing of PVC plastisol on a fabric has been experimentally confirmed. The new features of the addition manufacturing of liquid PVC plastisol and properties of products obtained by the method are investigated. Product formation takes place through the process of simultaneously converting plastisol to molten plastic compound in an extruder. The method of additive manufacturing of products from liquid plastisol is developed, which allows to obtain products with low hardness and high elasticity. The developed technology allows the formation of products from composite materials and foams with the modernization of widely available equipment.

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11

Rybachuk, G. V., M. K. Timin, V. S. Smirnov, T. P. Mukhina, O. A. Sivova, V. I. Milov, E. V. Tabaeva, I. I. Kozlova, and K. V. Shirshin. "PVC plastisols for heterogeneous flooring." Plasticheskie massy, no. 7-8 (September 11, 2019): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2019-7-8-42-44.

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The dependences of physical and mechanical parameters of PVC plastisol films on the composition, production time and temperature, are investigated. Samples of heterogeneous flooring have been obtained and tested in the laboratory.

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12

Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Non-linear Viscoelastic Behavior of PVC Plastisol." International Polymer Processing 20, no. 1 (March 2005): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.1861.

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13

Guoquan, Wang, and Chen Yiaoting. "Test methods for gelation of PVC plastisol." Polymer Testing 10, no. 4 (1991): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9418(91)90025-s.

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14

Poppe, A. C. "Selecting operating conditions for PVC plastisol fusion ovens." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 9, no. 4 (December 1987): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730090411.

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15

Mendizabal, E., J. M. Candia, V. Gonzalez-Alvarez, C. F. Jasso-Gastinel, and L. Cruz. "Processing conditions optimization for PVC plastisol rotational molding." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 16, no. 2 (June 1994): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730160206.

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16

Salazar R., R., M. Aquino, and Y. Alvarez. "Síntesis in‐situ, caracterización, evaluación antibacterial y nanotoxicológica de cueros sintéticos de cloruro de polivinilo conteniendo nanopartículas de cobre (PVC/NPsCU0)." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 27, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v27i2.173.

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Agentes capaces de transmitir enfermedades como las bacterias, virus y hongos son los principales causantes de las infecciones intrahospitalarias (IIH) en el mundo, esto ha motivado el desarrollo de los Nuevos Materiales basados en la Nanotecnología, donde en una rama de este se sintetizan nanocompósitos antibacteriales del tipo: Polímero/Metal Antibacterial, sintetizando superficies con gran actividad inhibidora de bacterias. En el presente trabajo, se han generado nanocompósitos poliméricos antibacteriales, preparando el Policloruro de Vinilo (PVC) de resina en emulsión como plastisol y sintetizando nanopartículas de Cobre dentro de la matriz polimérica (in‐situ). La descripción de la metodología se da con la síntesis de un precursor de Cobre para posterior dispersión mediante pulsos ultrasónicos, posterior estabilización y mezclado con los aditivos del PVC para posterior reducción química durante el gelificado de los plastisoles. El análisis espectral de los laminados de PVC/NPsCu0 por medio de Fluorescencia de Rayos X en Energía Dispersiva (FRX‐ED), utilizando el software específico PyMca 4.7.4, revelan que la importancia del tiempo de gelificación del PVC guarda relación con el grado de reducción del Ácido Ascórbico (AA) sobre el Cu2+. Por otro lado, resultados del análisis por Espectroscopia Electrónica de Barrido (MEB) revelan que las dimensiones de las NPsCu0 varían en un rango de 50 a 250 nm. Los patrones de difracción de Rayos X (DR‐X) evidencian la parcial cristalización polimérica del PVC y la presencia de Cu0. Se confirmó la actividad antibacteriana de los laminados de PVC/NPsCu0 por el método de difusión de disco sobre Eschericcia coli O157:H7; el halo de inhibición promedio resultó ser de 9,7 mm que implica un significativo efecto bactericida sobre la cepa mencionada. La viabilidad del desarrollo de estos nanocompósitos poliméricos se estudió por medio de un ensayo nanotoxicológico mediante el análisis citotóxico de los nanocompósitos de PVC/NPsCu0 en células de sangre periférica humana, concluyendo que dicho efecto citotóxico sobre células sanas es menor al 8%. La viabilidad del desarrollo de estos nanocompósitos poliméricos se estudió por medio de un ensayo nanotoxicológico mediante el análisis citotóxico de los nanocompósitos de PVC/NPsCu0 en células de sangre periférica humana, concluyendo que dicho efecto citotóxico sobre células sanas es menor al 8%. Palabras clave.- PVC, infecciones intrahospitalarias, nanocompósitos, nanopartículas de cobre. ABSTRACT Disease transmitting microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, are the main causes of hospital‐acquired infections (HAI). This is the justification for the development of nanotechnology‐based new materials and, in particular, for the synthesis of antibacterial nanocomposites of the type polymer / antibacterial metal, which create surfaces with a large bacteria inhibiting activity. In the present work, antibacterial polymeric nanocomposites have been created by preparing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from a resin emulsion as plastisol and synthesizing copper nanoparticles in‐situ within the polymer matrix. The methodology of the process includes the synthesis of a copper precursor, its dispersion by ultrasonic pulses, its stabilization and mixing with other PVC additives, in order to obtain chemical reduction during the gelation of the plastisols. Analysis of the PVC / NPsCu0 laminates by Energy Dispersive X‐ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), using the PyMca software 4.7.4, reveals that the importance of the PVC gelation time is related to the degree of reduction of ascorbic acid (AA) on Cu2 +. On the other hand, examination by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that the size of the NPsCu0 varies between 50 and 250 nm. Examination by X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) shows the partial polymer crystallization of PVC and the presence of Cu0. The antibacterial activity of the PVC / NPsCu0 laminates was confirmed by the disc diffusion method on Escherichia coli O157: H7; the average zone of inhibition was 9.7 mm, indicating a significant bactericidal effect on this strain. A nanotoxicological assay was carried out to evaluate the viability of the development of these polymeric nanocomposites. The cytotoxic analysis of the PVC / NPsCu0 nanocomposites in human peripheral blood cells concluded that the cytotoxic effect on healthy cells was less than 8%. Keywords.- PVC, hospital‐acquired infections, nanocomposites, copper nanoparticles

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17

Ji, Yubi, Zhao Yang, Min Shi, and Hong Tan. "Effect of the particulate morphology of resin on the gelation process of PVC plastisols." Journal of Polymer Engineering 37, no. 8 (October 26, 2017): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2016-0215.

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Abstract The gelation process of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisol is very important to ensure the quality of the product and is affected by the type of resins, plasticizers, and other additives. In this study, the gelation process of the as-prepared PVC plastisol was characterized by measuring the evolution of vibrational viscosity with temperature or time using a vibrational viscometer. Furthermore, the effect of some commercial resins with different particulate morphologies on the gelation process was investigated by synchronously combining scanning election microscopy and laser particle size analyses. The results of this study proved that the particle size distribution and the aggregation degree of the secondary particles of a resin are the key factors affecting the gelation process. For the resin with bimodal particle size distribution, the closer the aggregation of the secondary particles, the slower the gel speed; however, an opposite behavior was observed for the resins with unimodal particle size distribution.

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18

EHRENFELD, ELZBIETA, WANDA SPORYSZ, MARIANNA GORSKA, and DANUTA RADZIUN. "The effect of co-emulsifiers on PVC plastisol propertie." Polimery 41, no. 11/12 (November 1996): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1996.675.

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19

Kuppuswamy, R., and P. K. Ponnuswamy. "Marks involving PVC plastisol materials in motor vehicle collisions." Forensic Science International 57, no. 2 (December 1992): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(92)90001-d.

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20

Weaver, David L. "Functional acrylic monomers as modifiers for PVC plastisol formulations." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 12, no. 2 (June 1990): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730120208.

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21

Savchenko, Bohdan, Nadiya Sova, Victor Beloshenko, Bohdan Debeluy, Aleksander Slieptsov, and Iurii Vozniak. "New Approach for Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Soft and Elastic Articles from Liquid-PVC-Based Consumable Materials." Polymers 14, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 4683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214683.

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The article deals with the experimental development of a novel additive manufacturing (AM) process using a liquid consumable based on polyvinyl chloride plastisol. A conventional additive manufacturing system designed for deposition of melt filaments was converted to deposition of liquid material. Additive manufacturing with liquid plastisol enables the production of parts with low Shore A hardness and high ductility, surpassing the performance of the conventional filament process. The novel AM process enables the production of articles with a Shore A hardness of 5 to 60, and the mechanical properties of the additively manufactured articles are similar to those produced in the mold. This was achieved by varying the parameters of the AM process as well as the composition of the plastisol composition, including those filled with an inorganic filler. The application of different material distribution patterns also has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the samples. A potential application of the investigated AM method was proposed and practically evaluated.

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22

Radovanovic, Rajko, Vladislav Jaso, Branka Pilic, and Dragoslav Stoiljkovic. "Effect of PVC plastisol composition and processing conditions on foam expansion and tear strength." Chemical Industry 68, no. 6 (2014): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind140210028r.

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The quality of vinyl floorings depends mainly on the right control of the formation of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) foam structure. Many process parameters influence the cellular structure and final properties of the PVC foam. In this paper the influence of concentration of blowing agent and calcium carbonate filler as well as temperature and time of the blowing process on the expansion ratio and tear strength of the PVC foam were studied. Moreover, regression analysis was performed in order to determine the significance of studied parameters influence on expansion ratio and tear strength of PVC foams. It was found that concentration of the blowing agent in the plastisol mixture had the principal influence on the expansion ratio of the PVC foam. Tear strength was found to depend more or less equally on all studied parameters. The study has also shown that the addition of calcium carbonate filler had insignificantly lowered the expansion ratio but at the same time it could significantly lower the cost of the final product. This effect was practically employed to improve the economic efficiency of the PVC floorings production in JUTEKS plant in Russia.

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23

Syabani, Muh Wahyu, Ina Amaliyana, Indri Hermiyati, and Yayat Iman Supriyatna. "Silica from Geothermal Waste as Reinforcing Filler in Artificial Leather." Key Engineering Materials 849 (June 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.78.

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The main components of artificial leather were polymer, plasticizer, stabilizer, and filler. Silica is one of the commons reinforcing filler for many composites. Meanwhile, amorphous silica is usually precipitate in geothermal power plants and become solid waste in large amounts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of PVC-based artificial leather by utilizing geothermal silica as reinforcing filler. The plastisol was prepared by mixing the PVC, plasticizer, co-plasticizer, stabilizer, and filler with the amount of 100, 60, 3, 0.5 and 25 phr respectively. Commercial-calcium carbonate and geothermal-silica were used as filler for each sample formulation, then the non-filler plastisol also prepared as a reference. Artificial leather made by coating the release paper using the plastisol then heated at 190°C. The mechanical properties were investigated using a universal testing machine for the elongation, tensile strength and separation force. The surface morphology of each sample were analyzed using SEM. The results show us that the geothermal silica filled artificial leather has better elongation, tensile strength, and separation force compared to the calcium carbonate since there are stronger filler-polymer bonds formed. Therefore geothermal silica has high potential as filler for artificial leather, thus gives an alternative solution for the solid waste problem in geothermal power plant and also provide low-cost source of reinforcing fillers for artificial leather industries.

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24

Radovanovic, Rajko, Mirjana Jovicic, Oskar Bera, Jelena Pavlicevic, Branka Pilic, and Radmila Radicevic. "The use of artificial neural networks for mathematical modeling of the effect of composition and production conditions on the properties of PVC floor coverings." Chemical Industry 71, no. 1 (2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind151015012r.

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The application of PVC floor coverings is strongly connected with their end-use properties, which depend on the composition and processing conditions. It is very difficult to estimate the proper influence of the production parameters on the characteristics of PVC floor coverings due to their complex composition and various preparation procedures. The effect of different processing variables (such as time of bowling, temperature of bowling and composition of PVC plastisol) on the mechanical properties of PVC floor coverings was investigated. The influence of different input parameters on the mechanical properties was successfully determined using an artificial neural network with an optimized number of hidden neurons. The Garson and Yoon models were applied to calculate and describe the variable contributions in the artificial neural networks.

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25

Nakajima, N., C. M. Yavornitzky, E. J. Roche, and E. R. Harrell. "The glass transition and gelation of PVC resins in plastisol." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32, no. 2 (August 5, 1986): 3749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320230.

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26

Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Rheology of PVC Plastisol: Particle Size Distribution and Viscoelastic Properties." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 238, no. 1 (June 2001): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7468.

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27

Eibner, S., R. A. O. Jaime, B. Lamien, R. L. Q. Basto, H. R. B. Orlande, and O. Fudym. "NEAR INFRARED LIGHT HEATING OF SOFT TISSUE PHANTOMS CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v13i1.62059.

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The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of the addition of nanoparticles to soft tissue phantoms, aiming at the enhancement of photothermal therapy for cancer. The phantoms were made of Polyvinyl chloride-plastisol (PVC-P), with two different nanoparticles, namely, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2). A phantom without nanoparticles and a phantom containing a thermal paste were also manufactured for comparison purposes. The PVC-P phantom is transparent to the near infrared laser light, whereas the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified the optical properties enhancing the local heating, as demonstrated through experiments with a laser-diode and an infrared camera.

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28

Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Rheology of PVC Plastisol - VIII: Mechanism of Non-Linear Viscoelastic Behavior." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 5 (November 1, 2003): 1074–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547788.

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Abstract The mechanism of the strain-amplitude dependence (non-linearity) of viscoelastic properties of a PVC plastisol was examined. The range of amplitude was 0.02 to 10.24 and the range of frequency was 0.1 to 100 rad/s. The amplitude dependence of dynamic viscosity was very similar to its frequency dependence in that with the increase of amplitude or frequency it decreased first, reaching a minimum and then increased. In the preceding series of papers, the decrease of viscosity with the increase of frequency, i.e. pseudo-plasticity, was attributed to shear-induced phase separation into immobilized layer and mobile phase. In the present work, it is shown that the same mechanism is responsible for the decrease of viscosity with the increase of amplitude. The increase of viscosity with the increase of amplitude (after the minimum) is explained by the dilatation of the immobilized layer. Subsequently, the normal stress acting on the immobilized layer is calculated from the difference of the osmotic pressure between the mobile phase and immobilized layer. The shear deformation of the immobilized layer is estimated to be extremely small, although the deformation in the normal direction, i.e. the dilatation, is significant.

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29

Harris, A. P., R. A. Metcalfe, and S. G. Patrick. "PVC Plastisol Bonding Agents: The Influence of Formulation Variables on Performance." Journal of Coated Fabrics 23, no. 4 (April 1994): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808379402300403.

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30

Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Rheology of PVC Plastisol: Formation of Immobilized Layer in Pseudoplastic Flow." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 238, no. 1 (June 2001): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7469.

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31

Bettio, Paola P. S. de B., and Luiz A. Pessan. "Preparação e caracterização reológica de nanocompósitos de poli(cloreto de vinila): plastisol com nano-argila." Polímeros 22, no. 4 (August 7, 2012): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282012005000044.

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Neste trabalho foi estudada a influência da adição de nano-argila nas propriedades reológicas de suspensões de plastisol de poli(cloreto de vinila). Foram utilizados dois tipos de nano-argila, montmorilonita sódica e a organicamente modificada com sal quaternário de amônio, contemplando a avaliação tanto do método de inchamento da argila, quanto da influência da concentração. A nano-argila, na concentração de 2,5, 5, e 10 pcr, foi previamente inchada em plastificante, sob ação de cisalhamento e temperatura. Três tipos de plastificantes foram utilizados, diisobutil ftalato, diisononil ftalato e éster poliglicólico. Experimentos sem o inchamento prévio da argila também foram realizados para validação de sua influência. O plastisol foi obtido com a mistura da nano-argila com o PVC, plastificante diisononil ftalato e demais aditivos, em misturador planetário. A análise dos dados com método estatístico propiciou afirmar que tanto o tipo de argila quanto sua concentração foram determinantes na elevação da viscosidade da pasta, não tendo sido comprovada eficácia do inchamento prévio da argila.

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32

Crespo, J. E., L. Sanchez, F. Parres, and J. López. "Mechanical and morphological characterization of PVC plastisol composites with almond husk fillers." Polymer Composites 28, no. 1 (2007): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.20256.

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33

Jaoua-Bahloul, Hend, Didier Varieras, and Emmanuel Beyou. "Solar spectral properties of PVC plastisol-based films filled with various fillers." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 25, S1 (October 31, 2018): E188—E194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.21685.

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34

Yu, Byong Yong, Ah Reum Lee, and Seung-Yeop Kwak. "Gelation/fusion behavior of PVC plastisol with a cyclodextrin derivative and an anti-migration plasticizer in flexible PVC." European Polymer Journal 48, no. 5 (May 2012): 885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.02.008.

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35

MAKAREWICZ, EDWIN, and KRZYSZTOF JANCZAK. "Analysis of the influence of the components of aqueous dispersion of PVC plastisol on its stability." Polimery 50, no. 10 (October 2005): 728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2005.728.

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36

Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Rheology of PVC Plastisol—V: Storage Modulus and Network Formed by Particle Contact." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 254, no. 2 (October 2002): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8517.

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37

Wang, Fei, Wei-guo Yao, Cong-de Qiao, and Yu-xi Jia. "FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL GELATION PROCESS OF PVC PLASTISOL DURING ROTATIONAL MOLDING." Acta Polymerica Sinica 012, no. 9 (December 2, 2012): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1105.2012.12081.

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Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Rheology of PVC Plastisol—VI: Criteria for Yielding and Fracture of an Immobilized Layer." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 254, no. 2 (October 2002): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8518.

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39

Nakajima, N., and S.-Y. Kwak. "Effect of plasticizer type on gelation and fusion of PVC plastisol, dialkyl phthalate series." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 13, no. 4 (December 1991): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730130411.

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Syabani, Muh Wahyu, Ina Amaliana, and Yuniarti Yuniarti. "Pengaruh nilai K-value dan Penambahan Filler terhadap Kualitas Kulit Sintetis berbasis Polivinil Klorida." Jurnal Teknologi 10, no. 1 (November 29, 2022): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31479/jtek.v10i1.200.

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Synthetic leather is generally made using polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane resins by coating method. The balance between quality and production costs of the final product is influenced by the selection of the right material composition. Polyvinyl chloride resins are available in a variety of k-values, while fillers are often added to modify mechanical characteristics and lower the costs. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the k-value of polyvinyl chloride blend and the amount of filler on the quality of synthetic leather. Plastisol is prepared by mixing resin, primary plasticizer, secondary plasticizer, and stabilizer according to the formulation. PVC resin blend with different k-values and certain amount of filler (10, 20, 30 and 40 phr) were used. The quality of the samples was tested using adhesion strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break testing according to ASTM D751-06. The results showed that resins blend with different k-values could be used to obtain the desired quality. The value of the adhesion strength, tensile strength and elongation at break will approach the characteristics of the larger part of the resin. The homogeneity of plastisol because of resin blend also needs attention, especially if the k-value difference between two resin is too large. Meanwhile, the use of calcium carbonate as filler in general will reduce the test results obtained.

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Nakajima, N., and E. R. Harrell. "Rheology of PVC Plastisol at Instability Region and Beyond (Proposal for Super-High Shear-Rate Coating)." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 41, no. 3 (May 2009): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244308099553.

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Wijdekop, M., J. C. Arnold, M. Evans, V. John, and A. Lloyd. "Monitoring with reflectance spectroscopy the colour change of PVC plastisol coated strip steel due to weathering." Materials Science and Technology 21, no. 7 (July 2005): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328405x47500.

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Zadhoush, A., and M. A. Alsharif. "The Influence of Plasticizer Content and Type on the Rheological Behaviour of Plastisol Used in Coated Fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 30, no. 1 (July 2000): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808370003000106.

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Coating pastes need to have very specific rheological properties because of the methods in which they are applied. Composition of the paste can be formulated in such a manner to achieve the desired rheological behaviour. In this research work rheological measurements of paste with nine various plasticizer content using DOP and DOA, and PVC-E with three k-values (69, 70, 75) were studied. The results indicate that pastes are characterized by a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow under the studied conditions. The power-law index ( n) values of the pastes show that the flow properties of pastes change to Newtonian flow above 50 phr plasticizer content. It was also found that the consistency index (k) of the pastes were decreased with increasing plasticizer content. Statistical analysis carried out show very good correlation between the studied parameters.

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Duarte, R. G., A. S. Castela, and M. G. S. Ferreira. "Influence of the solution cation mobility on the water uptake estimation of PVC Plastisol freestanding films by EIS." Progress in Organic Coatings 57, no. 4 (December 2006): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.09.026.

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45

Makarewicz, Edwin, and Krzysztof Jańczak. "The influence of structure parameters and property of surface-active agents on stability of water dispersions of PVC plastisol." Progress in Organic Coatings 49, no. 2 (March 2004): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.09.008.

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46

Lau, JC, L. Denning, SP Lownie, TM Peters, and EC Chen. "P.012 Spinal durotomy repair simulator for deliberate microsurgical practice: integration into a residency training module." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S2 (June 2016): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.118.

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Background: Deliberate practice is one aspect of gaining competency in surgical skills. We have previously integrated a vascular microsurgery module into our residency training curriculum, and have recently described our experience with constructing patient-specific spine models for simulating lumbar spinal durotomy repair. The goal of this project is to develop the necessary infrastructure to facilitate practice on the spine model during residency. Methods: A 3D-printed plastic lumbar spine model was created from a patient computed tomography scan. L2 was manually laminectomized, and paraspinal tissues were simulated using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastisol. Harvested bovine pericardium was sewn into tubular form as a dural substitute. The pericardial tubes were tied at either end and attached to intravenous tubing to create a closed loop water system. Results: We are developing a video tutorial describing how to setup and use the model. Residents will be recorded while performing a 1.5 cm durotomy and repair using a surgical microscope available in our training laboratory (Drake-Hunterian Neurovascular Laboratory, London, Ontario, Canada). Residents are asked to grade the realism of the model using a questionnaire. Metrics of quality are to be determined. Conclusions: Our proposed model is a cost-effective, easy-to-prepare lumbar spinal simulator that facilitates microsurgical practice during neurosurgical residency.

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Howick, Christopher. "New developments in emulsion–PVC polymerisation to produce polymers with the potential of reduced or zero VOC requirements when used in plastisol applications." Green Chem. 9, no. 3 (2007): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b610722b.

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Xu, Guo Min, Yu Bi Ji, Zhao Yang, and Hong Tan. "Influence of Structure and Property of Plasticizers on Viscosity and Aging Process of PVC Plastisols." Applied Mechanics and Materials 161 (March 2012): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.161.15.

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The molecular structure of DEDB,ATBC,DOTP was simulated by Chemoffice. The viscosity and aging process of PVC plastisols prepared by the three plasticizers were investigated by vibrational viscometer, and the influence of selective interactions between PVC resins and plasticizers on the viscosity and aging process of PVC plastisols were analysed. The results indicate that the viscosity and aging process of PVC plastisols are associated with the number of effective interaction groups of a plasticizer, and the more the number of effective interaction groups a plasticizer has , the higher the viscosity of the plastisols is and the more unstable the plastisols is.

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Okieimen, F. E., T. O. Egbuchunam, and D. Balköse. "The effect of bio-based plasticizer on the permanence and water vapor transport properties of PVC plastigels." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 14, no. 1 (2008): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0801011o.

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Novel formulations of PVC plastisols based on blends of bio-based and synthetic plasticizers were prepared and characterized. A traditional phthalate plasticizer, dioctylphthalate, was replaced in the plastisols studied by the epoxidized rubber seed oil (4.5 % oxirane content). The plastisols formed were processed into plastigels and characterized in terms of permanence properties using leaching and migration tests and water vapour barrier properties. It was found that the permanence properties of PVC/DOP plastigels were maintained in the presence of up to 50 % ERSO, and that blending with DOP did not impair the water barrier properties of PVC plastigels.

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Gilbert, Marianne, Siavash Haghighat, Soo Keow Chua, and Soo Yeng Ng. "Development of PVC/Silica Hybrids Using PVC Plastisols." Macromolecular Symposia 233, no. 1 (February 2006): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200690018.

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