Journal articles: 'PV/thermal'

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Zhao, Xudong, Clito Afonso, and Jie Ji. "Solar PV/Thermal Research." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2396973.

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Odeh, Saad. "Thermal Performance of Dwellings with Rooftop PV Panels and PV/Thermal Collectors." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071879.

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To improve the energy efficiency of dwellings, rooftop photovoltaic (PV) technology is proposed in contemporary designs; however, adopting this technology will add a new component to the roof that may affect its thermal balance. This paper studies the effect of roof shading developed by solar PV panels on dwellings’ thermal performance. The analysis in this work is performed by using two types of software packages: “AccuRate Sustainability” for rating the energy efficiency of a residential building design, and “PVSYST” for the solar PV power system design. AccuRate Sustainability is used to calculate the annual heating and cooling load, and PVSYST is used to evaluate the power production from the rooftop PV system. The analysis correlates the electrical energy generated from the PV panels to the change in the heating and cooling load due to roof shading. Different roof orientations, roof inclinations, and roof insulation, as well as PV dwelling floor areas, are considered in this study. The analysis shows that the drop in energy efficiency due to the shaded area of the roof by PV panels is very small compared to the energy generated by these panels. The analysis also shows that, with an increasing number of floors in the dwelling, the effect of shading by PV panels on thermal performance becomes negligible. The results show that insensitivity of the annual heating and cooling load to the thermal resistance of rooftop solar systems is only because the total thermal resistance is dominated by roof insulation.

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El Manssouri, Oussama, Bekkay Hajji, Giuseppe Marco Tina, Antonio Gagliano, and Stefano Aneli. "Electrical and Thermal Performances of Bi-Fluid PV/Thermal Collectors." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061633.

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Photovoltaic (PV) modules suffer from a reduction of electric conversion due to the high operating temperatures of the PV cells. Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technology represents an effective solution for cooling the PV cells. This paper discusses a theoretical study on a novel bi-fluid PV/T collector. One dimensional steady-state numerical model is developed, and computer simulations are performed using MATLAB. This numerical model is based on a pilot PV/T plant, installed in the Campus of the University of Catania, and was experimentally validated. The design of the proposed bi-fluid PV/T is based on a commercial WISC PV/T collector, to which are added an air channel, an aluminum absorber with fins, and a layer of thermal insulation. The analysis of the thermal behavior of the proposed collector is carried out as a function of the flow rate of the two heat transfer fluids (air and water). Finally, the comparative analysis between the conventional water-based PV/T collector, namely PV/T, and the bi-fluid (water/air-based) WISC PVT, namely PV/Tb, is presented for both winter and summer days. For the investigated winter day, the numerical results show an overall improvement of the performance of the bi-fluid PV/T module, with an increase of thermal energy transferred to the liquid side of 20%, and of 15.3% for the overall energy yield in comparison to the conventional PV/T collector. Instead, a loss of 0.2% of electricity is observed. No performance improvements were observed during the summer day.

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Fan, Jiang, Toh Peng Seng, Goh Leag Hua, Leung Kin On, and Kelvin Loh. "Design and Thermal Performance Test of a Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Collector." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, no. 6 (2016): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2016.4.6.327.

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Platzer, Werner. "PV–Enhanced Solar Thermal Power." Energy Procedia 57 (2014): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.201.

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van Helden, Wim G. J., Ronald J. Ch van Zolingen, and Herbert A. Zondag. "PV thermal systems: PV panels supplying renewable electricity and heat." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 12, no. 6 (September 2004): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.559.

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Yu, Guoqing, Hongzhi Liu, Wei Zhao, and Gaojie Yang. "Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Analysis on the Performance of Tube-Sheet Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Collectors." Journal of Solar Energy Research Updates 8 (July 6, 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2410-2199.2021.08.5.

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The PV/T collectors realize the simultaneous output of electricity and thermal energy, which are more efficient than the separated photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal collectors. In this paper, the electricity generation and thermal collection performances of tube-sheet PV/T collector are studied. The main research contents are as follows: an experimental test system of PV/T collector was built to test the electricity generation and thermal collection performances of tube-sheet PV/T at an inlet water temperature of 30°C. Moreover, the flow resistance test was carried out. In addition, the theoretical heat transfer model was established, and the thermal performance was calculated by theoretical analysis. The experimental data showed that the daily average temperature difference between the PV panel and the inlet water temperature was about 22.5°C. The daily average electrical efficiency was about 9.25%, and the daily average thermal efficiency was about 28.67%. The theoretical analysis of the tube-sheet PV/T model was carried out, and the calculated results were close to the experimental results. The main reason for the large temperature difference between the PV panel and water temperature was that the combined thermal resistance between the PV panel and the absorber plate was large, and reducing the combined thermal resistance could reduce the temperature of the PV panel. The effects of solar irradiance, ambient temperature and spacing of row tubes on the performance of thermal collection were analyzed to optimize the PV/T performance.

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Geetha, R., M. M. Vijayalakshmi, and E. Natarajan. "Modeling and Simulation Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid Liquid System Using TRNSYS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.700.

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The PV/T hybrid system is a combined system consisting of PV panel behind which heat exchanger with fins are embedded. The PV/T system consists of PV panels with a battery bank, inverter etc., and the thermal system consists of a hot water storage tank, pump and differential thermostats. In the present work, the modeling and simulation of a Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) hybrid system is carried out for 5 kWp using TRNSYS for electrical energy and thermal energy for domestic hot water applications. The prominent parameters used for determining the electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall thermal efficiency, electrical thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are the solar radiation, voltage, current, ambient temperature, mass flow rate of water, area of the PV module etc. The simulated results of the Solar PV/T hybrid system are analyzed for the optimum water flow rate of 25 kg/hr. The electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall thermal efficiency, equivalent thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency are found to be 10%, 34%, 60%, 35% and 13% respectively. The average tank temperature is found to be 50°C.

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Fudholi, Ahmad, Mariyam Fazleena Musthafa, Abrar Ridwan, Rado Yendra, Hartono Hartono, Ari Pani Desvina, Majid Khan Bin Majahar Ali, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review of solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air collector." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp126-133.

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Growing concern with regard to energy sources and their usage has consequently increased significance of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collectors. A PV/T air collector is a system which has a conventional PV system combined with a thermal collector system. The system is able to produce electrical energy directly converted from sunlight by using photoelectric effect. Meanwhile, it also extracts heat from the PV and warms the fluid (air flow) inside the collector. In this review, solar PV system and solar thermal collectors are presented. In addition, studies conducted on solar PV/T air collectors are reviewed. The development of PV/T air collectors is a very promising area of research. PV/T air collectors using in solar drying and solar air heater.

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Aminou Moussavou, Anges A., Atanda K. Raji, and Marco Adonis. "STRATEGIC MODULATION OF THERMAL TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY RATIO PRODUCED FROM PV/T MODULE." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0313.

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Several strategies have been developed to enhance the performance of a solar photovoltaicthermal (PV/T) system in buildings. However, these systems are limited by the cost, complex structure and power consumed by the pump. This paper proposes an optimisation method conversion strategy that modulates the ratio of thermal to electrical energy from the photovoltaic (PV) cell, to increase the PV/T system’s performance. The design and modelling of a PV cell was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the heat transfer occurring in the PV cell model, which converts the radiation (solar) into heat and electricity. A linear regression equation curve was used to define the ratio of thermal to electrical energy technique, and the behavioural patterns of various types of power (thermal and electrical) as a function of extrinsic cell resistance (Rse). The simulation results show an effective balance of the thermal and electrical power when adjusting the Rse. The strategy to modulate the ratio of thermal to electrical energy from the PV cell may optimise the PV/T system’s performance. A change of Rse might be an effective method of controlling the amount of thermal and electrical energy from the PV cell to support the PV/T system temporally, based on the energy need. The optimisation technique of the PV/T system using the PV cell is particularly useful for households since they require electricity, heating, and cooling. Applying this technique demonstrates the ability of the PV/T system to balance the energy ( thermal and electrical) produced based on the weather conditions and the user’s energy demands.

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He, Yong Tai, Rui Ming Liu, and Jin Hao Liu. "Experimental Research of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Solar Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.146.

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A novel water photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar system was designed, which consisted of a flat plate solar thermal collector and a flat plate PV/T collector in parallel. The area of flat plate solar thermal collector and PV/T collectors were 2m2, respectively. The performance of PV/T solar system was tested under condition of flat plate PV/T collectors with glass cover. The test results show that the average output electricity power of PV/T solar system was 28.1W in sunny day at 8:27-17:00 (March 8,2013, at Chuxiong city), the water temperature in the water tank insulation with 200L was raised from 18°C to 60°C. The daily useful efficiency of the PV/T solar system reached 46%. The PV/T solar system could meet the basic need of ordinary families to lighting electricity and hot water. The PV/T solar system had high practicality and was suitable for ordinary rural families.

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Komilov, Asliddin. "Simulation Analysis of Various Applications of a Combined Photovoltaic Panel with a Single-Channel Natural Flow Heat Collector." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (November 19, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8090817.

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The present article presents simulation results of a combined photovoltaic panel (PV) with natural flow single-channel thermal collector device (PV/T) for different thermal performance modes. The efficiencies of the PV/T and the same size photovoltaic panel are compared. Stress analysis was performed to realize the system’s limitation and resistibility to hydrostatic pressure. At different modes of operation, the photovoltaic efficiency was 6-15% higher for PV/T than for PV. The photovoltaic efficiency of PV/T was less influenced by insulation than that of PV, and combined thermal and photovoltaic efficiency was higher in insulated PV/T. Because of the hydrostatic pressure of water, the proposed design PV/T can use only limited existing PV panels which is a big disadvantage compared to other designs.

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Chwieduk, Dorota, and Jarosław Bigorajski. "Analysis of thermal and electrical efficiency of photovoltaic/thermal – PV/T modules operating in moderate climate at microscale." E3S Web of Conferences 70 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187001002.

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The paper presents an application concept for PV/T - Photovoltaic Thermal Technology in moderate climates (such as the Polish climate), at a micro scale, i.e. for a single family house. The paper analyses the operation of a PV/T system applied to Domestic Hot Water – DHW heating and electricity production. A mathematical model of the system operation has been developed. The paper focuses on modeling thermal and electrical efficiency of photovoltaic/thermal - PV/T modules. It also briefly presents the governing equations for the thermal energy balance of a storage tank, where thermal stratification effects take place. Some selected results of the numerical simulation of the PV/T system operation are described. Daily distribution of hourly averaged thermal and electrical efficiency of the PV/T modules without cover and with one glazing are presented. The PV/T systems do not give significant thermal energy output in winter. PV/T modules without glazing do not supply heat at all for three winter months, their highest thermal efficiency is in summer and it can be nearly 15%. In the same period glazed modules have efficiency equal to nearly 24%. However, the unglazed modules can give much more electrical energy in summer than those with glazing, and the electrical efficiency can reach the levels of 11.4% and 9.4%, respectively. In winter the difference is smaller, i.e. for unglazed the efficiency is 12.2%, and for glazed 11.2%.

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Chen, Hongbing, Xilin Chen, Sai Chu, Lei Zhang, and Yaxuan Xiong. "Numerical and Experimental Study on Energy Performance of Photovoltaic-Heat Pipe Solar Collector in Northern China." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/321829.

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Several studies have found that the decrease of photovoltaic (PV) cell temperature would increase the solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency. Water type PV/thermal (PV/T) system was a good choice but it could become freezing in cold areas of Northern China. This paper proposed a simple combination of common-used PV panel and heat pipe, called PV-heat pipe (PV-HP) solar collector, for both electrical and thermal energy generation. A simplified one-dimensional steady state model was developed to study the electrical and thermal performance of the PV-HP solar collector under different solar radiations, water flow rates, and water temperatures at the inlet of manifold. A testing rig was conducted to verify the model and the testing data matched very well with the simulation values. The results indicated that the thermal efficiency could be minus in the afternoon. The thermal and electrical efficiencies decreased linearly as the inlet water temperature and water flow rate increased. The thermal efficiency increased while the electrical efficiency decreased linearly as the solar radiation increased.

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Aminou Moussavou, AA, AK Raji, and M. Adonis. "Controllable and flexible energy production in a water-based photovoltaic/thermal system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 4 (October 19, 2019): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.29485.

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A combined solar photovoltaic and thermal (PV/T) system is not just a product that makes our life easier, nor is it a luxury. In the future economics will make the use of the PV/T system essential. The purpose of this to improve the energy balance in a PV/T system, by control-ling the thermal energy (useful heat) production for the domestic hot water as well as the electrical production. Simulation and analysis of a simplified model of the PV/T system for cooling the PV cell and heating the working fluid inside of the absorber pipe attached at the back of the PV cell were implemented in MATLAB /Simulink software. The optimal electrical and thermal power were obtained by selecting a par-ticular value of Rse that partially converts the output of the PV cell into useful thermal energy. It was discovered that increasing the chosen value of Rse results in higher heat dissipation in the PV/T cell, an increase in thermal efficiency, and also a decrease in electrical efficiency.

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He, Yong Tai, and Li Xian Xiao. "Theory and Experiment Research of Glass Cover in Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Solar System." Advanced Materials Research 803 (September 2013): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.263.

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a novel photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar system was introduced in the paper, which consisted of both a flat plate solar thermal collector and a flat plate PV/T collector in parallel. Moreover, the effect of glass cover on PV/T collector was researched by theory and experiment. Experimental results show the daily average output efficiency of PV module reach 6.5% under condition without glass cover. But its output thermal efficiency is lower, and is only 26.4%. In addition, the daily average output efficiency of PV module and system thermal efficiency would reduce with the increase of the glass cover thickness under different glass cover thickness (2mm, 3mm and 4mm). Moreover, in the glass cover thickness of 2mm, the PV/T system had batter electricity and heat performance, and the daily average output efficiency of PV module and system thermal efficiency are 6.1%, 40.1%, respectively, the hot water temperature could reach 60°C. Hence, the PV/T solar system could meet the basic need of ordinary rural families in lighting electricity and hot water.

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NAGANO, Katsunori, Tohru MOCHIDA, and Kazumi SHIMAKURA. "PERFORMANCE OF THERMAL-PV HYBRID WALLBOARDS INCORPORATING PV CELLS DURING WINTER." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 67, no. 556 (2002): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.67.39_1.

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Chow, T. T., J. Ji, and W. He. "Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector System for Domestic Application." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (June 27, 2006): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2711474.

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Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems integrate photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies into one single system with dual production of electricity and heat energy. A typical arrangement is the direct attachment of PV modules onto a solar thermal collector surface. For a given collector surface area, the overall system energy performance is expected higher than the conventional “side-by-side” PV and solar thermal systems. In the development of PV/T collector technology using water as the coolant, the most common design follows the sheet-and-tube thermal absorber concept. Fin performance of the thermal absorber has been identified as one important factor that affects much the overall energy performance of the collector. Accordingly, an aluminum-alloy flat-box type PV/T collector prototype was constructed and tested in Hong Kong. Our test results indicate that a high combined thermal and electrical efficiency can be achieved. The primary-energy-saving efficiency for daily exposure approaches 65% at zero reduced temperature operation. With a simple and handy design, the product is considered to be very suitable for domestic application.

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Li, Tianyu, Shengyu Tao, Ruixiang Zhang, Zhixing Liu, Lei Ma, Jie Sun, and Yaojie Sun. "Reliability Evaluation of Photovoltaic System Considering Inverter Thermal Characteristics." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151763.

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The reliable operation of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems is related to the security and stability of the power grid and is the focus of current research. At present, the reliability evaluation of PV power generation systems is mostly calculated by applying the standard failure rate of each component, ignoring the impact of thermal environment changes on the failure rate. This paper will use the fault tree theory to establish the reliability assessment method of PV power plants, model the PV power plants working in the variable environment through the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system, and analyze the influence of the thermal characteristics of the inverter’s key components on the reliability of the PV power plant. Studies have shown that the overall reliability of bus capacitors, inverters, and PV power plants is reduced by 18.4%, 30%, and 18.7%, respectively, compared to when the thermal characteristics of bus capacitors are not considered. It can be seen that thermal attenuation has a great influence on the reliability of the PV power generation system.

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El Fouas, Chaimae, Nelu Cristian Cherecheș, Sebastian Valeriu Hudișteanu, Bekkay Hajji, Emilian Florin Țurcanu, and Monica Lilioara Cherecheș. "Numerical and Parametric Analysis for Enhancing Performances of Water Photovoltaic/Thermal System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020646.

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Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems are innovative cogeneration systems that ensure the cooling of photovoltaic (PV) backside and simultaneous production of electricity and heat. However, an effective cooling of the PV back is still a challenge that affects electrical and thermal performance of the PV/T system. In the present work, a PV/T numerical model is developed to simulate the heat flux based on energy balance implemented in MATLAB software. The numerical model is validated through the comparison of the three-layer PV model with the NOCT model and tested under the operation conditions of continental temperate climate. Moreover, the effect of velocity and water film thickness as important flow parameters on heat exchange and PV/T production is numerically investigated. Results revealed that the PV model is in good agreement with the NOCT one. An efficient heat transfer is obtained while increasing the velocity and water film thickness with optimal values of 0.035 m/s and 7 mm, respectively, at an inlet temperature of 20 °C. The PV/T system ensures a maximum thermal power of 1334.5 W and electrical power of 316.56 W (258.8 W for the PV). Finally, the comparison between the PV and PV/T system under real weather conditions showed the advantage of using the PV/T.

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Alshikhi, Omran, and Muhammet Kayfeci. "Experimental investigation of using graphene nanoplatelets and hybrid nanofluid as coolant in photovoltaic PV/T systems." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200524348a.

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It is a common observation that the photovoltaic (PV) panelshows a compromised performance when its temperature rises. To handle the performance reduction, most PV panels are equipped with a thermal absorber for removing the solar cells? excessive heatwith the help of a heat transfer fluid. The mentioned thermal absorber system is termed as PV thermal or simply PV/T. This study aims to experimentally investigate the effectsof a graphene nano-platelets (GNP) nanofluid, distilled water, and hybrid nanofluid (HyNF)as transfer fluids in PV/Tcollectors. A hybrid nanofluid comprises aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and GNP. An outdoor experimental setup was installed and tested under the climatic conditions in Karab?k (Turkey) to measure the inlet as well as outlet PV/Tfluid temperatures, ambient temperature with solar radiation, and surface temperatures of both PV/T collector and the PV panel. The mass percentage of the coolant fluids was 0.5% (by weight) and their flow rate was 0.5L/m. Resultsshow that the (GNP)nanofluid is the most effective fluid because it showed superior thermal efficiency among all the tested fluids. Adding a thermal unit to the PV/Tunit increased the overall energy efficiency by 48.4%, 52%, and 56.1% using distilled water, hybrid nanofluid, and graphene nanofluid, respectively.

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Kurz and Nawrowski. "Thermal Time Constant of PV Roof Tiles Working under Different Conditions." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081626.

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This paper presents different types of photovoltaic (PV) roof tiles integrating PV cells with roof covering. Selected elastic photovoltaic roof tiles were characterised for their material and electrical characteristics. Practical aspects of using PV roof tiles are discussed, alongside the benefits and drawbacks of their installation on the roof. Thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient and thermal capacity were identified for elastic PV roof tiles and roof construction built of boards and PV roof tiles, according to valid standards and legal regulations. The resistance–capacity (RC) models of PV roof tiles and roofs are proposed according to the time constants identified for the analysed systems. The energy balance of the studied systems (PV roof tiles alone and the roof as a whole) is presented, based on which temperature changes in the PV cells of the roof tiles working under different environmental conditions were identified. The timing of PV cells’ temperature change obtained by material data and energy balance analyses were compared. The relationship between the temperature change times of PV cells and the thermal resistance and heat capacity of the whole system are demonstrated, alongside environmental parameters.

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Irshad, Kashif, Khairul Habib, Nagarajan Thirumalaiswamy, and Anas Elrayah Ahmed Elmahdi. "Performance Analysis of Photo Voltaic Trombe Wall for Tropical Climate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.211.

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The present study examines the performance of a single zone building integrated with PV Trombe wall (PV-TW) in term of thermal load reduction and electrical energy production by varying PV Glazing types (i.e. Single Glazing, Double glazing, Double glazing filled with gas (Argon)). TRNSYS software is used for simulation in which inputs like climatic conditions, building construction details, thermal properties of materials, detail of PV-TW and orientation of building is inserted. By comparing the results of all three types of glazing it is found that PV Double glazing filled with argon shows significant reduction in mean air duct temperature, hence reduces the PV cell temperature and increases power production of PV panel. Also solar radiation captured by massive wall of PV-TW is reduced by using PV Double glazing filled with argon as compared to other types of glazing, which further reduces thermal load inside the building.

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Chen, Haofei, Huimin Yan, Feng Wu, Tianye Yang, and Yang Shen. "Analysis of wind-photovoltaic-thermal-pumped storage integration system considering carbon emission." E3S Web of Conferences 341 (2022): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234101018.

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This paper presents a new evaluation model of wind-Photovoltaic (PV)-thermal-pumped storage integration system considering carbon emission. The model is constructed on the basis of comprehensively considering the construction cost, operation cost, start-up and shutdown cost of the unit, wind abandonment rate, PV abandonment rate and carbon emission cost, and fully utilizing the power curtailments of wind and PV. It analyzes the electric energy benefit and low-carbon economy in three different operation modes including wind-PV-thermal-pumped storage, wind-PV-thermal and thermal under the same load. The effectiveness and rationality of the evaluation method are verified by a simulation example. Combined with the dynamic carbon price, the carbon economy of three different operation modes is analyzed. The analysis results show that wind-PV-thermal-pumped storage integration system has the best electric energy benefit and carbon economy, and with the increase of carbon price, it has more development prospects.

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Rukman, Nurul Shahirah Binti, Ahmad Fudholi, Wahidin Nuriana, Ghalya Pikra, Henny Sudibyo, Ridwan Arief Subekti, Anjar Susatyo, et al. "Thermal Efficiencies of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) with Bi-Fluid Cooling System." International Journal of Heat and Technology 40, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.400209.

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Solar radiation can be converted into thermal and electrical energy by using photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system. This system combines the functions of a flat plate solar collector and a PV panel. PV surface and cells play an important role in enhancing the efficiency of PVT systems; that is, the PV efficiency decreases with increasing solar radiation intensity. PVT systems use a small amount of solar radiation to produce electricity and a bulk amount to generate thermal energy that warms the surface of PV cells. A medium that can effectively absorb heat energy from PV collectors should be used to increase the efficiency of electrical energy to a satisfactory level. In this study, a PVT system was fabricated and its performance was evaluated. An experiment was conducted on the PVT with water flow at a mass flow rate from 0.01 kg/s to 0.03 kg/s and air flow rate at a mass flow rate from 0.04 kg/s to 0.10 kg/s. This study highlights the thermal energies efficiencies when bi-fluid (water and air) allowed to flow. The optimal flow rate had been chosen and highest thermal efficiencies for each mass flow rate had been listed in which had been 77.31% has been attained at air and water mass flow rate of 0.06 kg/s and 0.01 kg/s.

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Taghi Hajibeigy, Mohammad, Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam, Mushtak Al-atabi, and PRP Hoole. "Heat Response Model for Phase Layered Topology in A Photovoltaic Thermal System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i1.pp52-60.

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The electrical and thermal energy generated by a Photo-voltaic (PV) module is based on the amount of the solar radiation directed on the PV module. In this study, a Photo-voltaic Thermal (PVT) system is constructed to maximize the electrical energy generation through the fast removal of heat through a new phase layered topology. The combinations of aluminum plate and heatsinks are used to transfer heat generated by sunlight radiation on PV modules to heat transfer thermal container. The aluminum plate is attached beneath the PV module and heatsinks welded beneath the alumni plate making it as a phase layered heat removal. The heat transfer on each layer of the photovoltaic thermal system is investigated with the phase changing topology and also investigated for its performance with a heat removal agent. In both cases, with and without water as coolant in the thermal container, the experimental outcome is analysed for performance analysis. It is found the PV temperature reduced by about 10 degrees which is cirtical for the PV performance reducing the wasted thermal energy and thereby increases the electrical energy conversion.

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Kostić, Ljiljana T., and Jelena S. Aleksić. "Review of research, development and application of photovoltaic/thermal water systems." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 1025–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0213.

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Abstract Among the many techniques for obtaining heat and electricity, solar thermal collectors, photovoltaic (PV) technology and PV/thermal (PV/T) technology have a very important place. The PV/T collectors enable the simultaneous conversion of solar radiation into thermal and electrical energy in a single device, with better space utilization and cost efficiency during construction. Specially designed PV/T collectors can replace the outer walls or roof covers and can be widely used in private houses, flat complexes, hospitals, schools, tourist and other objects for water heating and electrical energy generation. Due to their great application potential, hybrid collectors have been the subject of very intensive scientific research and technical development for many years. In this review article, the focus is on the research, development and application of the PV/T water systems in the last 10 years. The main task of researchers and manufacturers is to increase the efficiency of PV modules and thermal absorbers, using new materials and design types as well as their proper integration into the PV/T collector. It is also necessary to reduce the cost of these systems and make them more competitive in the market. In addition, the importance of PV/T systems is in providing energy in clean and environmentally friendly ways.

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Xiao, Dongyue, and Titi Liu. "Optimized photovoltaic system for improved electricity conversion." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctab103.

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Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) modules convert solar energy into electricity; however, in actual applications, the conversion efficiency of PV modules is low. This is because the temperature of PV modules increases, most of the incoming solar radiation absorbed is discarded to the PV modules as wasted heat; this wasted heat generated can be utilized and transferred to a heat exchanger in contact to the rear PV modules. A proposed model is considered with a variation of solar cell temperature due to solar radiation and its effects on output power are modeled and evaluated, seeing PV modules as a thermal absorber, a part of the heat dissipated in the PV modules can be recovered by means of a heat transfer fluid running behind the PV modules, this method improves the PV efficiency, as well as produces thermal and electrical energy simultaneously, thus, the PV modules provide a multifunctional performance cited above, this plays the role of a hybrid solar collector system. The aim of this study is to improve the efficiency of the PV module, through the analysis of a detailed Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) collector model performance. The study also estimates the electrical power and thermal energy produced; using MATLAB as an application-oriented design method, the method proposed in this paper can better improve the efficiency of PV power generation and has a wide range of application prospects.

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Sultan, Sakhr M., M. I. Fadhel, and S. A. Alkaff. "Performance Analysis of the Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector (PV/T) System for Different Malaysian Climatic Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.522.

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A new configuration of Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector (PV/T) system has been designed and proposed. The (PV/T) consists of certain layers which are the glass, air gap, PV panel, absorber plate and insulating material layer. In this paper, a glazed (PV/T) solar collector using the spiral flow design absorber has been studied under different Malaysian meteorological conditions. The Performance of outlet water temperature, thermal, electrical and combined (PV/T) efficiencies under two different Malaysian climatic conditions (sunny and cloudy) days have been evaluated. Based on the simulation results, the maximum hourly thermal efficiency of sunny day is 61.3%, while the maximum hourly thermal efficiency of cloudy day is 59.6%. The electrical efficiencies for typical sunny and cloudy days are 12.89%, 13.03%, respectively. The maximum hourly combined (PV/T) efficiency for typical sunny and cloudy days are 74.1% and 72.63%, respectively. As seen from the results, the proposed (PV/T) system design is applicable to be used under different Malaysian climate conditions.

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Zohri, Muhammad, Nurato Nurato, and Ahmad Fudholi. "Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) System with and Without Fins Collector: Theoretical Approach." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1756-1763.

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The fins collector design for solar thermal has widely been used and it has a higher thermal efficiency than without Fins. Photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system produced Electrical and thermal energy instantaneously. Mathematical modeling based on steady-state thermal analysis of PV/T system with and without fins was conducted with matrix inversion method. The value results show that the PV/T system with fins collector is higher thermal and electrical efficiency than without fins.

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Zhou, Qing Shan, and Zhi Gang Zhang. "A Study on the Solar-Thermal Performance in PV/T System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.74.

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Based on the thermal equilibrium between the PV panels and the glazing cover of PV/T system, the influence of the spacing between PV panels and glazing cover on the solar-thermal efficiency is discussed. The heat release and solar-heat conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panels, under different plate spacing, in the PV/T systems in summer are calculated, according to the typical annual meteorological parameters of Tianjin area. The results show that the photo-thermal efficiency of the PV/T system can be improved by appropriate setup of the plate spacing, and the optimal plate spacing is affected by the temperature of photovoltaic panels.

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Yandri, Erkata, and Naoto Hagino. "Joule heating estimation of photovoltaic module through cells temperature measurement." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp1119-1128.

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Module temperature has a role in determining a PV module's performance. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the Joule heating in a photovoltaic (PV) module by comparing during PV-On (electricity generation) and PV-Off (without electricity generation). Joule heating was less evaluated due to simplifying formulation, which is easier to implement in experimental observation as proposed in this work. The experiment collected the temperature distributions of the PV module during PV-On and PV-Off. PV module temperature distribution follows the normal distribution curve as the irradiation uniformity pattern of the solar simulator has a slight ≤0.3 oC difference between PV-On and PV-Off. Joule heating slightly increased the PV module temperature by 0.53 K/A, proportional to the irradiances. Joule heating has increased almost seven times from 2.65 W at 700 W/m2 to 18.07 W at 1000 W/m2. Joule heating might slightly increase the overall thermal conductivity and slightly decrease the thermal resistances. It might affect the heat transfer. This research may improve the procedures prediction of PV or photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector temperature by considering Joule heating.

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Kallio, Sonja, and Monica Siroux. "Energy Analysis and Exergy Optimization of Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195106.

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A photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector is a solar-based micro-cogeneration system which generates simultaneously heat and power for buildings. The novelty of this paper is to conduct energy and exergy analysis on PVT collector performance under two different European climate conditions. The performance of the PVT collector is compared to a photovoltaic (PV) panel. Finally, the PVT design is optimized in terms of thermal and electrical exergy efficiencies. The optimized PVT designs are compared to the PV panel performance as well. The main focus is to find out if the PVT is still competitive with the PV panel electrical output, after maximizing its thermal exergy efficiency. The PVT collector is modelled into Matlab/Simulink to evaluate its performance under varying weather conditions. The PV panel is modelled with the CARNOT toolbox library. The optimization is conducted using Matlab gamultiobj-function based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The results indicated 7.7% higher annual energy production in Strasbourg. However, the exergy analysis revealed a better quality of thermal energy in Tampere with 72.9% higher thermal exergy production. The electrical output of the PVT is higher than from the PV during the summer months. The thermal exergy- driven PVT design is still competitive compared to the PV panel electrical output.

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Marc-Alain Mutombo, N., Freddie Inambao, and Glen Bright. "Performance analysis of thermosyphon hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 27, no. 1 (March 23, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i1a1564.

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The conversion of solar irradiance into electricity by a photovoltaic module (PV) is 6– 7% of the incoming energy from the sun depending on the type of technology and the environmental parameters. More than 80% of incoming energy from the sun is reflected or absorbed by the solar module. The fraction of energy absorbed increases with solar cell temperature and the cells’ efficiency drops as a consequence. The efficiency of a PV module is improved by combining a PV module and a thermal collector in one unit, resulting in a hybrid photovoltaic and thermal collector (PV/T). The purpose of this paper is to present the behavior a thermosyphon hybrid PV/T when exposed to variations of environmental parameters and to demonstrate the advantage of cooling photovoltaic modules with water using a rectangular channel profile for the thermal collector. A single glazed flat-box absorber PV/T module was designed, its behavior for different environmental parameters tested, the numerical model developed, and the simulation for particular days for Durban weather run. The simulation result showed that the overall efficiency of the PV/T module was 38.7% against 14.6% for a standard PV module while the water temperature in the storage tank reached 37.1 °C. This is a great encouragement to the marketing of the PV/T technology in South Africa particularly during summer, and specifically in areas where the average annual solar irradiance is more than 4.70 kWh/m²/day.

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Cui, Yuanlong, Jie Zhu, Stamatis Zoras, Khalid Hassan, and Hui Tong. "Photovoltaic/Thermal Module Integrated with Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material: A Numerical Analysis." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15144988.

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Solar photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) technology is the main strategy for harvesting solar energy due to its non-polluting, stability, good visibility and security features. The aim of the project is to develop a mathematical model of a PV/T module integrated with optical filtration and MXene-enhanced PCM. In this system, a single MXene-enhanced PCM layer is attached between the PV panel and absorber pipe with solid MXene-PCM for storage and cooling purposes. Additionally, the thermal fluid is utilized in the copper absorber pipe and connected to the heat pump system for enhancing system thermal and electrical efficiency. Furthermore, the influences of the optical filtration channel height, concentration of the nanoparticles on PV surface temperature and overall system efficiency are also discussed. This study demonstrates that the annual thermal and electrical energy output can reach 5370 kWh per annum with 74.92% of thermal efficiency and 5620 kWh with 14.65% of electrical efficiency, respectively, compared to the traditional PV/T module. Meanwhile, when the optical filtration channel height and volume concentration are enhanced, they exert a negative influence on the PV surface temperature, but the overall thermal efficiency is enhanced due to low thermal resistance to heat losses and low radiation-shielding layers.

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Dupeyrat, Patrick, Christophe Ménézo, Harry Wirth, and Matthias Rommel. "Improvement of PV module optical properties for PV-thermal hybrid collector application." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95, no. 8 (August 2011): 2028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.04.036.

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Gomaa, Mohamed R., Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah, Ali Alahmer, and Hegazy Rezk. "Design, Modeling, and Experimental Investigation of Active Water Cooling Concentrating Photovoltaic System." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 5392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135392.

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This work presents performance study of a concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) collector and its efficiency to produce electric and thermal power under different operating conditions. The study covers a detailed description of flat photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) and CPV/T systems using water as a cooling working fluid, numerical model analysis, and qualitative evaluation of thermal and electrical output. The aim of this study was to achieve higher efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) system while reducing the cost of generating power. Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) cells with low-cost reflectors were used to enhance the efficiency of the PV system and simultaneously reduce the cost of electricity generation. For this purpose, a linear Fresnel flat mirror (LFFM) integrated with a PV system was used for low-concentration PV cells (LCPV). To achieve the maximum benefit, water as a coolant fluid was used to study the ability of actively cooling PV cells, since the electrical power of the CPV system is significantly affected by the temperature of the PV cells. This system was characterized over the traditional PV systems via producing more electrical energy due to concentrating the solar radiation as well as cooling the PV modules and at the same time producing thermal energy that can be used in domestic applications. During the analysis of the results of the proposed system, it was found that the maximum electrical and thermal energy obtained were 170 W and 580 W, respectively, under solar concentration ratio 3 and the flow rate of the cooling water 1 kg/min. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was confirmed.

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Broderick, Lirong Zeng, Tiejun Zhang, Marco Stefancich, Brian R. Albert, Evelyn Wang, Gang Chen, Peter Armstrong, Matteo Chiesa, Lionel Kimerling, and Jurgen Michel. "High Efficiency Solar to Electric Energy Conversion through Spectrum Splitting and Multi-channel Full Spectrum Harvesting." MRS Proceedings 1493 (2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.230.

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ABSTRACTA system combining photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal approaches is designed to convert solar energy to electricity with high efficiency across the full solar spectrum. Concentrated solar spectrum is split into two parts: PV and thermal. The PV part of the spectrum is further split into several subbands directed to bandgap appropriate solar cells on an inexpensive Si substrate. Epitaxial Ge on Si is used as a virtual substrate for III-V semiconductor growth. At long and very short wavelengths where PV efficiency is low, solar radiation is directed to a high temperature thermal storage tank for electricity generation using heat engines. The potential of using PV waste heat due to thermalization of high energy photoelectrons for electricity generation is also investigated. Detailed optical and thermal analysis show that with optimized design and neglecting optical component loss, system power conversion efficiency can reach 56%, including more than 16% absolute contribution from thermal storage.

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Hussain, M. Imtiaz, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) System Using Different Design Configurations." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 9520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229520.

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This study summarizes the performance of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system integrated with a glass-to-PV backsheet (PVF film-based backsheet) and glass-to-glass photovoltaic (PV) cells protections. A dual-fluid heat exchanger is used to cool the PV cells in which water and air are operated simultaneously. The proposed PV/T design brings about a higher electric output while producing sufficient thermal energy. A detailed numerical study was performed by calculating real-time heat transfer coefficients. Energy balance equations across the dual-fluid PV/T system were solved using an ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver in MATLAB software. The hourly and annual energy and exergy variations for both configurations were evaluated for Cheonan City, Korea. In the case of a PV/T system with a glass-to-glass configuration, a larger heat exchange area causes the extraction of extra solar heat from the PV cells and thus improving the overall efficiency of the energy transfer. Results depict that the annual electrical and total thermal efficiencies with a glass-to-glass configuration were found to be 14.31% and 52.22%, respectively, and with a glass-to-PV backsheet configuration, the aforementioned values reduced to 13.92% and 48.25%, respectively. It is also observed that, with the application of a dual-fluid heat exchanger, the temperature gradient across the PV panel is surprisingly reduced.

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Razali, Nur Farhana Mohd, Ahmad Fudholi, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review of water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp134-140.

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Solar energy is secure, clean, and available on earth throughout the year. The PV/T system is a device designed to receive solar energy and convert it into electric/thermal energy. Nanofluid is a new generation of heat transfer fluid with promising higher thermal conductivity and improve heat transfer rate compared with conventional fluids. In this review, the recent studies of PV/T using nanofluid is discussed regarding basic concept and theory PV/T, thermal conductivity of nanofluid and experimentally and theoretically study the perfromance of PV/T using nanofluid. A review of the literature shows that many studies have evaluated the potential of nanofluid as heat transfer fluid and optical filter in the PV/T system. The preparations of nanofluid play an essential key for high stability and homogenous nanofluid for a long period. The thermal conductivity of nanofluid is depending on the size of nanoparticles, concentration and preparation of nanofluids.

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Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin, Satriani Latief, and Wahyu H. Piarah. "Design of Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) for Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 5, no. 4 (July 2017): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2017.5.4.388.

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Khan, Firoz, Béchir Dridi Rezgui, and Jae Hyun Kim. "Reliability Study of c-Si PV Module Mounted on a Concrete Slab by Thermal Cycling Using Electroluminescence Scanning: Application in Future Solar Roadways." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020470.

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Several tests were conducted to ratify the reliability and durability of the solar photovoltaic (PV) devices before deployment in the real field (non-ideal conditions). In the real field, the temperature of the PV modules was varied during the day and night. Nowadays, people have been bearing in mind the deployment of PV modules on concrete roads to make use of the space accessible on roads. In this regard, a comparative study on the failure and degradation behaviors of crystalline Si PV modules with and without a concrete slab was executed via a thermal cycling stress test. The impact of the concrete slab on the performance degradation of PV modules was evaluated. Electroluminescence (EL) results showed that the defect due to thermal cycling (TC) stress was reduced in the PV module with a concrete slab. The power loss due to the thermal cycling was reduced by approximately 1% using a concrete slab for 200 cycles. The Rsh value was reduced to approximately 91% and 71% after thermal cycling of 200 cycles for reference PV modules, respectively. The value of I0 was increased to approximately 3.1 and 2.9 times the initial value for the PV modules without and with concrete, respectively.

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Lamaamar, Ibtissam, Amine Tilioua, Zaineb Benzaid, Abdelouahed Ait Msaad, and Moulay Ahmed Hamdi Alaoui. "Heat transfer study of poly-c PV system integrated with phase change material under semi-arid area (Errachidia-Drâa Tafilalet)." E3S Web of Conferences 297 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129701008.

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The high operating temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) modules decreases significantly its efficiency. The integration of phase change material (PCM) is one of the feasible techniques for reducing the operating temperature of the PV module. A numerical simulation of the PV module with PCM and without PCM has been realized. The thermal behavior of the PV module was evaluated at the melting and solidification processes of PCM. The results show that the integration of RT35HC PCM with a thickness of 4 cm reduces the temperature of the PV module by 8 °C compared to the reference module. Compared the RT35 and RT35HC, we found that the latent heat has a significant effect on the PCM thermal comportment. Furthermore, it has been found that the thermal resistance of the layers plays an important role to dissipate the heat from the PV cells to the PCM layer, consequently improving the heat transfer inside the PV/PCM system.

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Wei, Ping, and Hong Bing Chen. "Investigation on a Novel PV/T Solar Collector." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2873.

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A theoretical analysis of novel PV/T solar collector is presented in this paper. The collector is made of vacuum tube-PV sandwich and the heat extraction from PV panel by the water passing through u-shape cooper tube of the collector results in the reduction of the PV cells’ working temperature. This also improves the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the PV cells. Based on energy balance of each parts of the vacuum-tube-PV sandwich, mathematical models are developed to evaluate the energy performance of the PV collector and analyze its affecting factors. The simulation results indicate that the thermal efficiency increases slightly while the electrical efficiency decreases slightly with the increasing radiation. Both the thermal and electrical efficiencies increase by 1.4% and 0.23% respectively with every 10 kg/h increase in water mass flow, and decrease by 3.8% and 0.6% respectively with every 10 °C increase in inlet water temperature.

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Zondag, H. A., D. W. de Vries, W. G. J. van Helden, R. J. C. van Zolingen, and A. A. van Steenhoven. "The thermal and electrical yield of a PV-thermal collector." Solar Energy 72, no. 2 (February 2002): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(01)00094-9.

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Idir, Anis, Maxime Perier-Muzet, David Aymé-Perrot, and Driss Stitou. "Thermodynamic Optimization of Electrical and Thermal Energy Production of PV Panels and Potential for Valorization of the PV Low-Grade Thermal Energy into Cold." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020498.

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In the present study, the evaluation of potential improvement of the overall efficiency of a common PV panel, valorizing the heat extracted by a heat exchanger that is integrated on its back side, either into work using an endoreversible Carnot engine or into cold by using an endoreversible tri-thermal machine consisting of a heat-driven refrigeration machine operating between three temperature sources and sink (such as a liquid/gas absorption machine), was carried out. A simplified thermodynamic analysis of the PV/thermal collector shows that there are two optimal operating temperatures T˜h and Th* of the panels, which maximize either the thermal exergy or the overall exergy of the PV panel, respectively. The cold produced by the endoreversible tri-thermal machine during the operating conditions of the PV/thermal collector at T˜h is higher with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.24 thanks to the higher heat recovery potential. In the case of using the cold produced by a tri-thermal machine to actively cool of an additional PV panel in order to increase its electrical performances, the operating conditions at the optimal temperature Th* provide a larger and more stable gain: the gain is about 12.2% compared with the conventional PV panel when the operating temperature of the second cooled panel varies from 15 to 35 °C.

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Kubenthiran, J., S. Baljit, A. S. Tijani, Z. A. K. Baharin, M. F. Remeli, and K. S. Ong. "Numerical Modelling of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) System Using Nanofluid With Parallel Flow Thermal Absorber." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 945, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012013.

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Abstract In the present study, a numerical model of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system using alumina (Al2O3) nanofluid, and pure water are used as working fluid. The proposed PV/T model consists of parallel riser tubes that are connected to two header tubes and it is attached to an absorber plate to simulate the conduction and convection heat transfer mechanism of a conventional PV/T system. The energy efficiency of the PV/T model is analyzed by varying the solar radiation (Heat Flux), inlet fluid velocity, and the volume percentage of the nanofluids. The numerical simulation is performed by using a conjugate heat transfer method with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. According to the simulation data, the energy efficiency and the heat transfer coefficient of the PV/T system increased by increasing the inlet fluid velocity. In comparison with water, alumina nanofluid showed better thermal and electrical efficiency due to its high thermal conductivity. The thermal efficiency increased by 5.55% for alumina, compared to pure water and the electrical efficiency increased by 0.15% for alumina. Moreover, the effect of inlet fluid velocity ranging from 0.04m/s to 0.2m/s was also evaluated, and the results showed that the increase in thermal efficiency for pure water and alumina are 18.15% and 25.77%, respectively. Subsequently, the electrical efficiency increased by 0.52% and 0.56% for pure water and alumina using the new parallel flow thermal absorber, respectively.

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Mutasher, Dheya Ghanim, Mohammed Fowzi Mohammed, and Zaid Salman Ubaid. "Study the Performance of Cooled Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Panel Using New Cooling Technology." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.2.001.

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In this work, experimental and numerical analyses have been executed to investigate the effect of using cooling techniques on the performance of the photovoltaic thermal solar panel (PV/T). It is well known that a decrease in the panel temperature will lead to an increase in the electrical efficiency. The photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector is a combination of PV cells and a solar thermal collector in one unit, which can together generate electrical and thermal energy. In the theoretical study, the electrical characteristics of PV were analyzed by using (MATLAB PROGRAM). The panels were oriented south and tilted at 45o. All tests are carried out in Baghdad city at (May, June and July) in 2018; under clear sky conditions. The experimental study includes four cases (modules). Module I contains open cell aluminum metal located in water passages box of a 9-liter capacity in the back of PV panel. Module II contains only water pass. Module III comprises copper slices that are located in the water box. The first three cases are compared with the conventional PV panel under the same conditions. compares between the PV with open cell aluminum metal and the other PV with copper slices. The results manifested that the cooling of PV panel in the module III is better than the others, but economically, the use of module I is the best, therefor it is found a more acceptable technique for hot climate conditions

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Malaiyappan, Prakash, P. Nandha Kumar, and G. Renuka Devi. "Experimental Investigation of Water Cooled Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Collector." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012002.

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Abstract With an increasing expected energy demand and current dominance of coal electrification world needs alternative sources which are abundant and ease of availability in nature such as Solar, wind, tidal etc., in which solar PV energy is one of the favorable energy sources. Various strategies are studied in this paper to improve the efficiency of solar PV modules. The efficiency of PV modules increases as the surface temperature of the modules is lowered using various cooling techniques. Experiments on solar PV modules with water circulation have been carried out, and the heat generated has been used for thermal applications. The reference panel was matched to an experimental observation for water circulation. It was observed that the water circulation system is 10.4 %, with a greater performance at 866 W/m2 solar radiation. Water is used as a cooling medium to extract heat from the PV panel. The project’s purpose is to improve the efficiency and power output of hybrid PVT(Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors)while also optimizing the design. The project’s purpose is to improve the efficiency and power output of the hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors(PVT) collector, as well as the power output of the PV panels. The tests are carried out with and without cooling on a 50W PV panel. The cooling of the PV panel is accomplished through forced and natural convection of water in the duct. The performances of forced and natural circulation are validated with the solar panels output power and efficiency.

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Zhang, Ruotian, Wei Yuan, Bing He, and Lijun Han. "High performance photovoltaic/thermal subsystem photoelectric conversion solar cell coupled thermal energy storage system." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191121112z.

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Based on the traditional solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system, the experimental platform of compound parabolic collector (CPC) coupled PV/T system was constructed, and the measurement and control system (MCS) of the experimental platform was also proposed. According to the evaluation system of photothermal PV energy conversion performance, the change rule of photothermal power (PTP) of CPC coupled PV/T system was studied and analyzed when the inlet water temperature was 20?C and the ambient temperature was 28?C, as well as the change rule of thermal efficiency and photoelectric efficiency (PEE). When the solar radiation intensity reached 800 W/m2, the outlet water temperature of the system could reach more than 45?C under the condition that the power efficiency of the system was more than 10%, which could meet the demand of water and heating. The total amount of solar radiation in the whole day was 17.32 MJ/m2, the photoelectric output of CPC coupled PV/T system was 18.32 MJ, the average PEE was 9.2%, the collector heat was 99.33 MJ, the average photothermal efficiency was 50.1%, and the total efficiency of the system was 58.7%. In a word, compared with the traditional collector, the PV/T system proposed has better performance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PV/thermal'

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