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Kaempfle, Melanie, Michèle Bergmann, Petra Koelle, and Katrin Hartmann. "High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Description of Purine Content of Diets Suitable for Dogs with Leishmania Infection during Allopurinol Treatment—A Pilot Trial." Animals 13, no. 19 (2023): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13193060.
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Reducing the alimentary purine intake contributes to the prevention of purine (especially xanthine) urolith formation, a common adverse effect of allopurinol treatment in dogs with Leishmania infections. Analyses of the purine content are not required in order to advertise a diet as low in purine. Due to different analytical methods, data provided on purine content are barely comparable. The aim of this study was to investigate the total purine content of 12 different dog diets. For this, the purine bases adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine were determined by standardised high performance liquid chromatography in commercially available urinary diets (n = 4), kidney diets (n = 2), low protein diets (n = 3), 1 vegan diet, 1 regular diet for healthy adult dogs, and 1 homemade low purine diet. Total purine amounts ranged between 10.2 and 90.9 mg/100 g of dry matter. The daily purine intake calculated for a 20 kg standard dog with the analysed diets ranged between 21.9 and 174.7 mg. The lowest daily purine intakes were achieved by 2 urinary urate diets, followed by the homemade diet. Differences in the purine content of commercially available diets need to be considered. Awareness has to be raised when selecting diets for dogs with Leishmania infections during allopurinol treatment in order to minimise the risk of urolith formation.
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Susyani, Susyani, and Desvianti Desvianti. "Nutrition Counseling among Patients with Gout." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 6, no. 4 (2017): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v6i4.10784.
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Hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid in the blood) can cause a buildup of monosodium urate crystals. Sudden increase may lead to gout attacks. Consumption of an unbalanced diet, intake of proteins containing high purine is one of the factors that affect gout arthritis. Based on data from medical records at the hospital Mohamad Palembang Hoesin and increase in the number of visits patients with gout, the cumulative incidence of gout reached 22 % after 5 years, the uric acid levels > 9 mg / dL. One of the efforts to help clients change behavior and accelerate the healing process that nutritional counseling is conducted face to face using leaflets media. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of low-purine diet counseling against uric acid levels in gout patients who were treated at the Hospital dr. AK Gani Palembang. Is a quasi-experimental study design, this study indicated that nutrition counseling with low-purine diet will help to change the behavior of people with gout in the diet to accelerate the reduction in uric acid levels. The average reduction in uric acid levels after being given a lowpurine diet counseling that is equal to 1.6 mg/dL and concluded that giving low-purine diet counseling are effective in lowering uric acid levels in patients with gout. Based on these results, low-purine diet counseling should be offered to patients with gout in an effort to motivate behavior change and reduction in uric acid levels. Nutrition counseling with Low-purine diet in patients with gout can change the eating habits of patients who eventually decreased the levels of uric acid.
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Ampin Maja, Abdullah Sappe. "HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN DIET RENDAH PURIN DENGAN ASAM URAT DI PUSKESMAS WARA KOTA PALOPO TAHUN 2016." Voice of Midwifery 6, no. 08 (2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35906/vom.v6i08.21.
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The research of this research to analysis dietary compliance of low purine diet in uric acid patients in Wara Health Clinic Year 2016. Type of this research that was used cross sectional approach and use a sampling technique was purposive sampling. The sample of the research was a portion of gout patients enrolled in Wara Health Clinic that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were 42 people.Based on the analysis by using statistical test Fisher's exact test, the value p = 0468 (p> 0.05%), it can be concluded that the hypothesis "there is no correlation between dietary compliance low purine with uric acid in Puskesmas Wara Palopo".Based on the result of research purpose recommendations were provide clearly information about the low purine diet and provide support in the form of motivation for pay attention of type food consumed so as to prevent the increasing of uric acid. Keywords : Compliance, Diet Low Purin, Uric Acid
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Romli, Leo Yosdimyati, and Harnanik Nawangsari. "Aplikasi Diet Vegan dalam Menurunkan Kadar Purin pada Lansia Pasca Menopause." Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai 14, no. 2 (2021): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jkm.v14i2.2953.
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Background: Menopausal women often have higher purine levels in their blood due to hormonal factors. Inability to manage nutrition or non-adherence to a low-purine diet also contributes to increased purine levels after menopause. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the application of a vegan diet in reducing purine levels in the postmenopausal elderly. Methods: The research was conducted using a pre-experimental one-group pre-post-test design. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling technique with respondents taken based on the inclusion criteria set by the researcher so that 27 respondents were selected. The data collection method was carried out by measuring purine levels using a purine level examination tool/stick, which was carried out before and after the intervention by the researcher. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test statistical test. Result: The results showed that the application of a vegan diet had an effect in reducing purine levels in the postmenopausal elderly with a p-value = 0.006, almost half of the respondents had high purine levels before being given a vegan diet with a percentage of 40.7%, and after the application of the vegan diet showed a change/increase in normal conditions with a percentage of 85.2%. Conclusion: The application of the vegan diet method in the postmenopausal elderly has proven to be effective in reducing/controlling purine levels so that the vegan diet method routinely meets the nutritional needs of the postmenopausal elderly is recommended.Abstrak. Latar Belakang: Wanita menopause sering memiliki kadar purin yang lebih tinggi dalam darah mereka karena faktor hormonal. Ketidakmampuan untuk mengelola nutrisi atau ketidakpatuhan dengan diet rendah purin juga berkontribusi pada peningkatan kadar purin setelah menopause. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini membuktikan aplikasi diet vegan dalam menurunkan kadar purin pada lansia pasca menopause. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian pra eksperiment one group pre post test design. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan responden diambil berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang telah ditetapkan oleh peneliti, sehingga terpilih sebanyak 27 responden. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran kadar purin menggunakan alat/stick pemeriksaan kadar purin yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi oleh peneliti. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji statistik wilcoxon test. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi diet vegan memiliki pengaruh dalam menurunkan kadar purin pada lansia pasca menopause dengan nilai p-value = 0,006, hampir separuh dari responden memiliki kadar purin pada kondisi yang tinggi sebelum diberikan diet vegan dengan presentase 40,7%, dan pasca aplikasi diet vegan menunjukkan perubahan/peningkatan pada kondisi yang normal dengan presentase 85,2%. Simpulan: Aplikasi metode diet vegan pada lansia pasca menopause terbukti efektif untuk menurunkan/mengontrol kadar purin, sehingga penerapan metode diet vegan secara rutin dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi lansia pasca menopause direkomendasikan.
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Panjaitan, Raini, Erika Damayanti, Jelita Manurung, Wira Maria Ginting, and Raynald Ignasius Ginting. "Socialization of Low Purine Diet in Elderly Patients With Gout Arthiritis at Puskesmas Batang Kuis." JURNAL PENGMAS KESTRA (JPK) 3, no. 1 (2023): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jpk.v3i1.1758.
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Gout arthritis is a disease caused by impaired purine metabolism resulting in excessive uric acid (hyperuricemia). It is said to be hyperuricemia if the uric acid level is more than 6.0 mg/dl in women and 7.0 mg/dl in men, which is measured based on blood serum. To overcome the problem of hyperuricemia, it is necessary to apply a low-purine diet, especially for elderly people with gout arthritis. The goal of a low-purine diet is to prevent monosodium urate crystals from accumulating in the joints. The implementation method used by the PkM team in collaboration with Puskesmas Batang Kuis partners and elderly people with gout arthritis consists of 4 stages. Based on the results of the activities of the 41 community service participants, frequency characteristics were obtained based on the uric acid value of the elderly at the Puskesmas Batang Kuis, namely the majority of gout categories in the elderly, namely the 7.6-9.0 category, as many as 25 people (61%). From the results of the activity it was also found that the number of elderly women with gout arthritis was more (28 people) while there were 13 men. The results of an evaluation of the increase in knowledge of 41 participants showed that the majority of elderly knowledge was categorized as good as many as 27 people (66%) participants with good knowledge. The low knowledge and understanding and awareness of the elderly regarding a low purine diet is the cause of the high number of gout arthritis sufferers. So we need a program that educates and raises public awareness and needs to monitor diet in the elderly.
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Karsono, Singgih Dwi, Kurniati Dwi Utami, Mustaming, and Joko Sapto Pramono. "The Effect of Providing Low Purine Diet Education with Booklet Media on Knowledge and Purine Intake in Gouty Arthritis Sufferers in the Pasundan Community Health Center Working Area." Formosa Journal of Science and Technology 2, no. 9 (2023): 2333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v2i9.5723.
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Gouty arthritis is a common disease throughout the world and its prevalence has increased in the last 50 years. Based on the fourth quarter report at the Pasundan Community Health Center, there were 113 cases of gout arthritis. Diet is a factor that causes an increase in uric acid in the blood. So it is important to provide education with booklets to regulate diet management for gouty arthritis. This study aims to determine the effect of low-purine diet education with booklets on knowledge and purine intake in gouty arthritis sufferers. Pre-Experimental Research Design via One Group Pretest-Posttest Design involving 26 gout arthritis sufferers in the Pasundan Community Health Center working area, sampling using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test. The results obtained increased knowledge (p-value = 0.000) and changes in purine intake (p-value = 0.000).
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Ghiggeri, Gian Marco, Fabrizio Ginevri, Giovanni Cercignani, et al. "Effect of Dietary Protein Restriction on Renal Purines and Purine-Metabolizing Enzymes in Adriamycin Nephrosis in Rats: A Mechanism for Protection against Acute Proteinuria Involving Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition." Clinical Science 79, no. 6 (1990): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0790647.
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1. A low protein diet prevents the development of proteinuria and glomerular damage in adriamycin experimental nephrosis without affecting renal haemodynamics. In this study the hypothesis was tested as to whether protein restriction is able to modulate the purine metabolic cycle and related enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, one of the putative effectors of adriamycin nephrotoxicity. 2. Renal activities of xanthine oxidase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase were markedly depressed in adriamycin-treated rats fed a 9% casein (low protein) diet compared with the group fed a 22% casein (normal protein) diet both 1 day after adriamycin administration and at the time of appearance of heavy proteinuria (day 15), whereas the activity of renal adenosine deaminase was unchanged. 3. The concentrations of the metabolic substrates of xanthine oxidase, i.e. hypoxanthine and xanthine, were constantly lower in renal homogenates of rats fed a low protein diet compared with those on a normal protein diet. In urine, uric acid, the product of hypoxanthine-xanthine transformation, was lower 1 day after adriamycin injection in protein-restricted rats compared with the group on a normal protein diet which showed a marked increase in its excretion. At the same time, the urinary efflux of adenosine 5′-monophosphate, which is the precursor nucleotide of the above-mentioned nucleosides and bases, was very high in rats fed a low protein diet, whereas it was absent in the group on a normal protein diet. 4. The progressive increment in proteinuria of glomerular origin (i.e. increased excretion of albumin and transferrin) typical of adriamycin-treated rats fed a normal protein diet was inhibited in the protein-restricted animals, which were normoproteinuric on day 10 and were only slightly proteinuric on day 15. 5. Like protein restriction, the pharmacological suppression of renal xanthine oxidase by dietary tungstate and the scavenging by dimethylthiourea of the putative free radical deriving from the action of xanthine oxidase, were associated with a similar (quantitative and qualitative) inhibition of glomerular proteinurea. 6. These data demonstrate that dietary protein restriction is associated with a block in purine metabolism within the kidney due to a marked reduction in the activities of two main enzymes of the cycle, i.e. purine nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase, the latter being a putative effector of adriamycin nephrotoxicity. The partial reduction of proteinuria induced by a low protein diet is quantitatively and qualitatively comparable with the reduction induced by the specific block of renal xanthine oxidase or by the scavenging of OH · deriving from hypoxanthine and xanthine transformation. The crucial factor(s) determining protection against proteinuria in adriamycin nephrosis may be decreased xanthine oxidase activity in the kidney and inhibition of the O2 · and OH · production via the xanthine oxidase system.
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Lubawy, Michalina, and Dorota Formanowicz. "High-Fructose Diet–Induced Hyperuricemia Accompanying Metabolic Syndrome–Mechanisms and Dietary Therapy Proposals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (2023): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043596.
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Fructose is often used as a food ingredient due to its low production costs and sweetening power. In recent years, it has been noticed that people on a Western diet high in fructose have high levels of uric acid in their blood. It was recognized that the specific metabolism of fructose in the body might cause increased production of uric acid, which then may affect the intensification of lipogenesis and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance, gout, cardiovascular diseases, leptin resistance, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. So far, to treat hyperuricemia, it has been recommended to use a low-purine diet characterized by limiting protein-containing products. However, this recommendation often leads to an increased intake of carbohydrate-rich foods that may contain fructose. Increased fructose consumption may enhance the secretion of uric acid again and, consequently, does not have therapeutic effects. Therefore, instead of a low-purine diet, using healthy diets, such as DASH or the Mediterranean diet, which can benefit metabolic parameters, could be a better proposal. This article provides an overview of this approach, focusing on MetS and hyperuricemia among high-fructose dieters.
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Anderson, Michael E., and Orien L Tulp. "The Effects of High Dietary Fructose Consumption on the Development of Gout." ES Journal of Public Health 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.59152/esjph/1019.
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Fructose is frequently used as a food ingredient due to its low production costs, its significant sweetening power and its easy incorporation into a broad variety of foods and beverages. In recent years, it has been observed that people on a Western diet high in fructose often have high levels of uric acid in their blood. It was recognized that the metabolism of fructose in the body might cause increased production of uric acid, which then may impact the intensity of lipogenesis and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance, gout, cardiovascular diseases, leptin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or some combination of the above. To date, the treatment of hyperuricemia has been the recommendation of a low-purine diet characterized by limiting protein-containing products and certain alcoholic beverages, in addition to consumption of tart cherry or the widely prescribed purine analog and xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in an attempt to decrease endogenous uric acid production. However, these recommendations often contribute to an increased intake of carbohydrate-rich foods that may contain fructose or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) constituents. Increased fructose consumption may then enhance the secretion of uric acid and, consequently, attenuate or negate any potential therapeutic effects from the prescribed therapeutic regimen. A better option instead of a low-purine diet for some would be to follow a healthy meal plan such as DASH or the Mediterranean diet, which can also benefit metabolic parameters. This article provides an overview of this approach, focusing on MetS and hyperuricemia among high-fructose dieters.
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Lasanuddin, Hamna Vonny, Haslinda Damansyah, and Pujiati Pujiati. "The Relationship Between Low Purine Diet Compliance with the Incidence of Gout Arthritis in the Elderly in Tinelo Village Working Area of Telaga Biru Health Center." PROMOTOR 7, no. 1 (2024): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/pro.v7i1.507.
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Gout arthritis occurs due to triggers, such as foods and other compounds that contain excessive purines. Based on data from the Regional Basic Health Research of Gorontalo Province, the total number of joint diseases in Gorontalo is ranked 16th out of 34 Provinces and based on diagnoses for ages 45-54 years reaches 11.1%, ages 55-64 years reach 15.5%, and ages 65-74 years reach 18.6% with the highest total number dominated by women 8.5% compared to men 6.1%. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between low-purine diet adherence and the incidence of gout arthritis in the elderly in Tiello Village. This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach, using questionnaire measuring instruments and then statistical analysis using a chi-square test with a meaning level of α=0.05. The population in this study was all elderly people with gout arthritis in Tinelo Village with a total of 70 people. This study used a Purposive sampling technique with a total sample in this study was 42 people. This study shows that there is a significant relationship between a low-purine diet and the incidence of gout arthritis in the elderly in Tinelo Village, Telaga Biru Health Center Working Area with a value of ρ=0.001 smaller than the value of α=0.05. There is a significant relationship between a low-purine diet and the incidence of gout arthritis in the elderly in Tinelo Village, Telaga Biru Puskemas Working Area.
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Susanti, Nila, Yosi Sri Astuti, and Harlyanti Muthma'innah Mashar. "Literatur Review: Peran konseling gizi dan senam ergonomik dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat pada penderita gout." AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal 7, no. 2 (2022): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/action.v7i2.628.
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Gout is a disorder caused by inflammation of the joints due to the deposition of uric acid crystals stored in the joints. The causative factors are age, excessive purine intake, obesity, alcoholic beverages, and lack of physical activity. Various efforts can be made to overcome this, including nutritional counseling and physical activity, such as gymnastics. The study aims to provide descriptive information regarding the effect of nutritional counseling on a low-purine diet and ergonomic gymnastics in reducing uric acid levels in patients with gout. Literature review research was conducted using the keywords "Counseling, Ergonomic Exercise, Uric acid, and Gout" on the Google Scholar search engine and other electronic databases, namely Proquest, BMC, and Cochrane review. Scientific articles are published in national and international journals that can be accessed openly, published between 2010-2020. From these results, 13 articles were selected for review. The literature review was conducted in an unsystematic narrative review. The results of the study state that providing counseling using various media can be one solution to help reduce pain and reduce one's uric acid levels, namely through counseling or nutrition counseling and ergonomic exercises. Counseling can provide insight or knowledge related to a low-purine diet, while ergonomic exercises provide the impact of physical fitness on the patient's health. The combination of providing nutritional counseling and ergonomic exercises can reduce uric acid levels in patients with gout.
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Morais, Ana H. A., Thais S. Passos, Bruna L. L. Maciel, and Juliana K. da Silva-Maia. "Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection?" Nutrients 12, no. 6 (2020): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061737.
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Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus worldwide has led the World Health Organization to declare a COVID-19 pandemic. Because there is no cure or treatment for this virus, it is emergingly urgent to find effective and validated methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 infection. In this context, alternatives related to nutritional therapy might help to control the infection. This narrative review proposes the importance and role of probiotics and diet as adjunct alternatives among the therapies available for the treatment of this new coronavirus. This review discusses the relationship between intestinal purine metabolism and the use of Lactobacillus gasseri and low-purine diets, particularly in individuals with hyperuricemia, as adjuvant nutritional therapies to improve the immune system and weaken viral replication, assisting in the treatment of COVID-19. These might be promising alternatives, in addition to many others that involve adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds from food.
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Linton, S., and P. Greenaway. "Urate deposits in the gecarcinid land crab Gecarcoidea natalis are synthesised de novo from excess dietary nitrogen." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 17 (1997): 2347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.17.2347.
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The urate content of the gecarcinid land crab Gecarcoidea natalis was correlated to the amount of nitrogen assimilated. Crabs fed a high-nitrogen diet (ad libitum amounts of soy beans and fig leaves, Ficus macrophylla) for 6 weeks assimilated approximately 23 times more nitrogen (33.9±5.6mmolkg-1day-1) than animals fed a diet low in nitrogen (fig leaves alone) (1.5±0.7mmolkg-1day-1). Animals maintained on a high-nitrogen diet accumulated urate (67.1±29.4mmolkg-1drymass), while animals fed the low-nitrogen diet did not accumulate significant amounts of urate compared with the control animals killed at the beginning of the dietary period. The urate deposits clearly originate from the excess dietary nitrogen ingested on the high-nitrogen diet. The intake of preformed dietary purine was low (0.028±0.005mmolkg-1drymass) and at most could only account for 0.04% of the urate accumulated by crabs fed the high-nitrogen diet. This indicates that the urate was synthesised de novo. When crabs were fed a high-nitrogen diet supplemented with [15N]glycine, the 15N heavy isotope was incorporated into urate. This provided direct evidence that the urate was synthesised de novo.
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Schiavo, Luigi, Guillaume Favrè, Vincenzo Pilone, et al. "Low-Purine Diet Is More Effective Than Normal-Purine Diet in Reducing the Risk of Gouty Attacks After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients Suffering of Gout Before Surgery: a Retrospective Study." Obesity Surgery 28, no. 5 (2017): 1263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2984-z.
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Brzezińska, Olga, Filip Styrzyński, Joanna Makowska, and Konrad Walczak. "Role of Vitamin C in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Gout—A Literature Review." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020701.
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Gout, known as “the disease of the kings”, is the most frequent type of arthritis. It results from sustained hyperuricemia that leads to monosodium urate crystal deposition in joint structures and soft tissue. Environmental factors such as diet affect the incidence of gout; there is a known relationship between the occurrence of an acute attack of gout and the consumption of alcohol and meat; and a low purine diet is a widely recognized nonpharmacological method of supplementing the treatment and preventing recurrence of arthritis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin C in prevention and treatment of gout. A PubMed/Medline database search on the role of vitamin C in purine metabolism was done. Reports from in vitro and animal studies seem to be promising and to allow explanation of the physiological relationship between vitamin C and uric acid. Most epidemiological studies indicate a significant correlation between high vitamin C intake and lower serum uric acid levels. Despite promising observations, there are few observational and interventional studies, and their results do not clearly define the benefits of a high daily intake of vitamin C in preventing the development and recurrence of gout.
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Zhelyabina, O. V., M. S. Eliseev, and A. M. Lila. "Battle of the strategies: diet versus drug therapy for gout." Modern Rheumatology Journal 18, no. 3 (2024): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2024-3-114-121.
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The best results in combating gout are achieved through a combination of diet and drug therapy. Urate-lowering therapy, which includes febuxostat, has been shown to be more effective and convenient than diet when it comes to achieving and maintaining target uric acid (UA) levels in gout patients. Febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, helps to reduce UA levels in the blood by blocking its formation. This helps prevent the deposition of urate crystals in joints and tissues and reduces the frequency and severity of gout attacks. At the same time, a diet of low purine foods may also have some effect on UA levels. Diet can improve the results of drug treatment by reducing the need for medications and minimizing the risk of side effects. However, without adequate drug therapy, diet will not produce the desired results. Therefore, febuxostat remains the preferred urate-lowering treatment option for gout, especially given its proven efficacy in these patients.
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Susyanti, Deni, Kipa Jundapri, Erita Gustina, Nita Mayrani Siregar, Sentia Putri Br Tarigan, and Baharuddin Siregar. "EDUCATION AND EXAMINATION OF URIC ACID LEVELS IN THE VILLAGE COMMUNITY OF SEI MENCIRIM." EJOIN : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 8 (2023): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/ejoin.v1i8.1446.
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Gout disease, commonly known as gout arthritis, is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the body. Uric acid itself is the end product of the purine metabolism process, one of the components of nucleic acids found within the cell nucleus. Elevated levels of uric acid can lead to health disturbances, such as joint pain sensations often accompanied by intense discomfort for those affected. The buildup of these crystal deposits is linked to the high concentration of uric acid in the bloodstream. Consumption of purine-rich foods can elevate uric acid levels in the blood, typically around 0.5 to 0.75 g/ml of consumed purine. Additionally, a high intake of fats or oils, such as fried foods, coconut milk, margarine, butter, and fatty fruits like durian and avocado, also affects uric acid production. Eating habits that involve foods containing purine can raise uric acid in the blood, potentially causing gout arthritis. Consuming excessive amounts of foods rich in purine nucleotides, such as sardines, water spinach, organ meats, and spinach, can boost uric acid production. Conversely, reducing the consumption of foods with high purine nucleotide content while increasing the intake of low-purine nucleotide foods can lower the risk of hyperuricemia or gout arthritis. An effective approach to reducing uric acid accumulation is through a proper uric acid diet therapy. Targeting education and uric acid testing to the community in Sei Mencirim village is important. Information obtained from an interview with the village head of Sei Mencirim reveals that many residents there are suffering from gout, characterized by difficulty walking and swollen feet. This education can serve as a strategy to lower the prevalence of gout disease, enabling the entire community to adopt preventive measures against gout arthritis
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Bijster, S., R. F. Nickel, and A. C. Beynen. "Comparison of the efficacy of two anti-uric acid diets in dalmatian dogs." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 49, no. 3 (2001): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.49.2001.3.6.
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Commercial anti-uric acid diets for dogs may contain insufficient protein to sustain growth and lactation. In order to investigate the efficacy of an experimental purine-free diet moderately low in protein, its effect on urinary uric acid excretion was compared with that of a commercial dog food and a commercial low-protein anti-uric acid diet. The experimental diet, commercial dog food and commercial anti-uric acid diet contained 10.0, 12.8 and 5.0 g crude protein/MJ metabolizable energy, respectively. Twelve Dalmatian dogs were subjected to a 3 × 3 Latin square study. Although the plasma uric acid concentration was significantly lower when the dogs were fed either the commercial anti-uric acid diet (18.7 ± 6.0 µmol/l, mean ± SD, n = 12) or the experimental diet (19.2 ± 8.3 µmol/l), when compared to the commercial dog food (29.2 ± 11.1 µmol/l), no significant decrease of uric acid concentration in urine collected before the morning meal was seen. The average concentration of urinary uric acid was 60 µmol/l. There was a significant increase in the urea:creatinine ratio in urine when the dogs were fed the experimental diet compared to the commercial anti-uric acid diet, confirming that the experimental diet contained more protein. The experimental diet lowered plasma uric acid and was relatively high in protein and thus may be suitable for use in growing and lactating dogs to prevent ammonium urate urolithiasis.
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Vedder, Daisy, Wendy Walrabenstein, Maaike Heslinga, et al. "Dietary Interventions for Gout and Effect on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (2019): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122955.
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Gout is one of the most prevalent inflammatory rheumatic disease. It is preceded by hyperuricemia and associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, both related to unhealthy diets. The objective of this systematic review is to better define the most appropriate diet addressing both disease activity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in hyperuricemic patients. We included clinical trials with patients diagnosed with hyperuricemia or gout, investigating the effect of dietary interventions on serum uric acid (SUA) levels, gout flares and—if available—cardiovascular risk factors. Eighteen articles were included, which were too heterogeneous to perform a meta-analysis. Overall, the risk of bias of the studies was moderate to high. We distinguished four groups of dietary interventions: Calorie restriction and fasting, purine-low diets, Mediterranean-style diets, and supplements. Overall, fasting resulted in an increase of SUA, whilst small (SUA change +0.3 to −2.9 mg/dL) but significant effects were found after low-calorie, purine-low, and Mediterranean-style diets. Studies investigating the effect on cardiovascular risk factors were limited and inconclusive. Since Mediterranean-style diets/DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) have shown to be effective for the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in other at-risk populations, we recommend further investigation of such diets for the treatment of gout.
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Pereira, Taiala Cristina de Jesus, Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira, Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho, et al. "Creatinine as a Urinary Marker of the Purine Derivatives Excretion in Urine Spot Samples of Lambs Fed Peach Palm Meal." Animals 12, no. 9 (2022): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091195.
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The objective was to evaluate the influence of diets on lambs using different levels of peach palm meal as a replacement for maize (0, 10, 40, 60, and 85% of diet dry matter) on the endogenous creatinine clearance (CC), urine concentration ratio of purine derivatives to creatinine (PDC index), and daily creatinine excretion (DCE) as a marker to estimate purine derivatives (PD) excretion from urinary spot samples collected at different time points (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 h after morning feeding) compared to 24-h total urine collection. The measured parameters were voluntary intake, urinary volume, CC, DCE, the concentration of plasma creatinine, and PD and purine derivatives’ excretion (PDE). Five lambs were allocated to metabolic cages and distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Urine collection was taken daily on days 16 to 19 of each experimental period. The inclusion of peach palm meal linearly reduced the intake of dry matter (g kg BW−0.75, p = 0.005), crude protein (g kg BW−0.75, p = 0.010), metabolizable energy (MJ kg BW−0.75, p = 0.010) and CC (p < 0.0001). It also quadratically affected the urinary volume (p = 0.008) and DCE (p = 0.004). There was a linear decrease for PDC index (p = 0.032) and PDE (p < 0.0001) measured in the 24-h total urine with peach palm meal levels. The different times of spot urine sampling did not affect (p > 0.05) the PDC index and PDE. Peach palm meal decreases the CC thereby compromising the use of a mean value of DCE as a PDE marker in spot urine samples. There is greater accuracy when using different values of DCE obtained for each diet as markers for the PDE in spot urine samples. Unconventional foodstuffs of low palatability affecting the voluntary intake of feed change the renal function.
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Dino Tandoyo, Eric, Florence Pribadi, Hindri Mufti Yuana, et al. "Review of Modifiable Risk Factors for Gout in Asia." Promotif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 12, no. 2 (2022): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56338/promotif.v12i2.2575.
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Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in the world, including in the Asia region. Gout is a debilitating, yet preventable disease. The general principle of gout prevention is to regulate circulating UA concentration and other related comorbidities. Identifying gout modifiable risk factors is paramount in gout prevention. This review aims to explain modifiable risk factors for gout, especially in the Asia region. Apart from urate-lowering therapy, modifying gout risk factors consisted of a low-purine diet, mild to moderate exercise, adequate sleep, elimination of smoking exposure, and regulation of comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and kidney diseases, lowered the risk of hyperuricemia and gout in Asian population.
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Gao, Lichao, Yanfang Jiang, Yichen Wang, et al. "Male asymptomatic hyperuricemia patients display a lower number of NKG2D+ NK cells before and after a low-purine diet." Medicine 97, no. 50 (2018): e13668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000013668.
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Webrianti, Dwi, and Yuliarti Yuliarti. "Dietary Insights in Gout Management: A Descriptive Exploration of Eating Patterns." Proceedings Series on Health & Medical Sciences 5 (March 20, 2024): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pshms.v5i.995.
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Background: Indonesia ranks fourth in the world for the highest gout arthritis cases, accounting for 35% of the population. Gout arthritis is a degenerative disease caused by an excessive accumulation of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is primarily obtained from food; thus, improper dietary behavior can increase uric acid levels in the blood, triggering sudden attacks. Objective: To describe the dietary behavior patterns among patients with gout in Mangunharjo Village, Adimulyo Sub-district, Kebumen Regency. Method: This study utilized a descriptive approach with a case studies qualitative method, collecting data through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The study involved 17 participants (7 primary and 10 triangulation informants) selected through purposive sampling. Results: The majority of informants were employed as farmers. Knowledge regarding the causes of gout remained low, and in terms of dietary behavior, most participants needed more discipline in adhering to a purine-restricted diet. Environmental factors, economic circumstances, and habits related to purine consumption influenced this behavior. Conclusion: Positive dietary behavior is significantly influenced by knowledge levels. Such behavior also requires support from environmental factors, conditions, family, and the need to alter dietary habits.
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Fisler, J. S., J. R. Lupien, R. D. Wood, G. A. Bray, and R. A. Schemmel. "Brown fat thermogenesis in a rat model of dietary obesity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 253, no. 5 (1987): R756—R762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.5.r756.
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The effects of chronic feeding of a high-fat diet or a cafeteria-type diet on weight gain and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as measured by the binding of a purine nucleotide (guanosine 5'-diphosphate, GDP) to mitochondria of brown adipose tissue have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to developing obesity when eating a high-fat diet or drinking sucrose solutions, have greater specific GDP binding in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. A high-fat diet, fed isoenergetically to the low-fat diet, did not increase the growth of IBAT and decreased specific GDP binding in both strains. Feeding a cafeteria diet resulted in obesity and increased mass and protein content of the IBAT in both strains of rats. However, specific GDP binding increased in response to cafeteria feeding only in the Osborne-Mendel rats. These studies show that thermogenesis, as measured by GDP binding to mitochondria in brown adipose tissue, is suppressed by both isoenergetic and ad libitum feeding of a high-fat diet. The higher basal GDP binding in the brown fat of the S 5B/Pl rats suggests that higher thermogenesis of this tissue contributes to the resistance of this strain to fat-induced obesity. The inability of S 5B/Pl rats to further increase thermogenesis when eating a cafeteria diet may contribute to their becoming obese.
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Anggraini Djibran. "GAMBARAN KADAR ASAM URAT PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE DI PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA ILOMATA KECAMATAN SIPATANA KOTA GORONTALO TAHUN 2019." Journal of Health, Technology and Science (JHTS) 1, no. 1 (2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47918/jhts.v1i1.20.
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Uric Acid is the final product of purine metabolism. Uric acid in the hu-man body is produced by the body (endogenous uric acid) and comes from food (exogenous uric acid). About 80-85% of uric acid is produced by the body, while the rest comes from food, which can trigger uric acid in women who are postmenopause due to a decrease in the hormone estrogen which can not produce normal estrogen hormones and also because of factors from a lot of food contain purines. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of uric acid in menopause women, distribution of uric acid levels, a history of gout in menopause women.
 This research is a descriptive quantitative research approach. The ins-pection method used is spectrophotometry. The sampling technique in total sampling with a total sample of 26 respondents group of elderly menopause women.
 The results of a study conducted on 26 respondents based on the distri-bution of uric acid levels obtained as many as 21 with a percentage (80.8%) of respondents who are not normal and as many as 5 respondents with a percentage (19.2%) declared normal, whereas based on the distribution of diet there are 5 respondents in the percentage (19.2%) were low purine and 21 respondents with a percentage (80.8%) high purine. Conclusion as many as 21 respondents who experienced abnormal uric acid because respondents consume foods that are high in purines. Researcher's suggestion for Tresna Werdha Ilomata Social Home, Sipatana District, Gorontalo City is expected to pay attention to the intake or food ingredients given to all postmenopause or elderly women as seen from their health condition
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Zhu, Yanbing, Guangming Sun, Luosang Dunzhu, et al. "Effects of Different Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Plasma Metabolomics Profile of Growing Yak in the Cold Season." Animals 13, no. 3 (2023): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030367.
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This experiment was aimed to compare the effects of two diets with different protein content on the growth performance, immune indexes, rumen fermentation characteristics and plasma metabolomics of growing yak in the cold season. A total of 24, 2-year-old healthy yaks with similar body weight (142.9 ± 3.56 kg) were randomly allocated to two isoenergetic diets with different protein content (10 vs 14%) according to a non-paired experimental design, and the protein of the diets was increased by increasing soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal. The growth performance experiment lasted 56 days. Four days before the end of the growth experiment, the digestion trial was conducted, and the rumen fluid and plasma was collected for measurement. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (p < 0.001) and average daily gain (p = 0.006) of yak fed a high-protein diet was significantly greater, while the feed conversion ratio was lower (p = 0.021) than that of yaks fed a low-protein diet. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.002), alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.001), malondialdehyde (p = 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.032) and interferon-γ (p = 0.017) of the high-protein group were significantly lesser, whereas superoxide dismutase (p = 0.004) and interleukin-2 (p = 0.007) was significantly greater than that of the low-protein group. The rumen microbial crude protein (p < 0.047) and crude protein digestibility (p = 0.015) of yak fed a high-protein diet was significantly greater than that of the low-protein group. The metabolomics results showed that yaks fed a high-protein diet were elevated in protein digestion and absorption, arginine and proline metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism, butanoate metabolism, taste transduction, pyrimidine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and renin secretion pathways. It is concluded that a high-protein diet in the cold season can promote rumen microbial crude protein synthesis, enhance antioxidant and immune function and promote growth performance of yaks.
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Ushida, K., J. P. Jouany, and P. Thivend. "Role of rumen protozoa in nitrogen digestion in sheep given two isonitrogenous diets." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 2 (1986): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860121.
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1. The effect of protozoa on digestion in the rumen was studied using either defaunated or faunated sheep.2. Six wethers, each fitted with rumen and simple duodenal cannulas, were given two isonitrogenous diets containing either lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (diet L) or sodium hydroxide-treated wheat straw (diet S). The diets were given in eight equal portions per day at 3-h intervals. The mean intake of dry matter, 53 g/kg body-weight0.75per d, was similar for the two diets and each diet had a similar digestible organic matter content. Diet L promoted a large protozoal population and was rich in nitrogen sources of low rumen-degradability, while diet S supported a smaller protozoal population and was rich in rumen-degradable N.3. Digesta flow at the duodenum was estimated by means of a dual-marker technique using chromium-mordanted lucerne hay and polyethylene glycol as markers. The microbial flow at the duodenum was estimated using diaminopimelic acid (DAPA), nucleic-acid purine bases (PB) and35S incorporation simultaneously. The different microbial markers were compared in the defaunated sheep. Protozoal N contribution was estimated in faunated sheep.4. Defaunated sheep had lower rumen ammonia concentrations and molar proportions of butyric acid than faunated sheep, but they had higher molar proportions of propionic acid.5. Rumen organic matter digestion was reduced by defaunation, but this decrease was compensated for by increased intestinal digestion.6. There was a net increase of N flow (approximately 10 g/d) between mouth and duodenum in defaunated sheep. This was explained by increases in both microbial and dietary N flows from the rumen compared with faunated sheep.7. The influence of protozoa on solid- and liquid-phase retention times in the rumen is discussed, as well as the protozoal contribution to microbial N flow in the duodenum of faunated sheep.
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Az-zahra, Fatimah, Dedy Nurwahid, and Retno Pangastuti. "Pola makan, obesitas, dan frekuensi serangan pada pasien artritis gout." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 11, no. 1 (2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18879.
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Background: Trend of gout arthritis prevalence is increasing every year. Obesity, high purine diet, especially from an animal source, are some risk factors for recurrent gout attacks.Objective: To evaluate the relationship between diet, obesity, and frequency of gout flares in gout arthritis patients.Method: This study was a cross-sectional study with patients from RSUP Dr. Sardjito, RSUD Wirosaban, RSUD Panembahan Senopati that ever diagnosed as gout arthritis within February 2010 - February 2012 which can be seen in the medical record and live in Special District of Yogyakarta with the full address provided, as the respondents of this study. The home visit was done for dietary assessment, waist circumference measurement, and interviewing the respondent about gout flares frequency during the last year.Results: Vitamin C consumption in the 1st and 2nd tertiles increase the odds to have any gout flare (OR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.08-27.77 and OR=1.5; 95% CI: 0.29-7.35, respectively). Obesity tends to increase the odds of having any gout flares up to 1.4 times (95% CI: 0,38-5,25).Conclusion: Low consumption of vitamin C significantly increases the odds of having any gout flares. The odds is also higher in patients with obesity, though this relationship is statistically insignificant.
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Akhtar, Hilal, Malik Itrat, and Md Wasi Akhtar. "Unani Dieto-Therapy Approach with Special Reference of Lifestyle Modifications to Manage Niqras (Gout): an Old Metabolic Disorder." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, no. 3 (2023): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230325.
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Niqras (gout) is one of the oldest known diseases and the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints and various other tissues, causing pain and swelling in the affected areas. The main causes of primary gout appear to be dietary and it’s thought to occur when the human body makes too much uric acid and doesn’t excrete enough of it. Since the immemorial, gout has been associated with overeating, drinking, and wealthy men who overdo it with food and drink. Overeating (ghaleez ghiza e.g. red meat, seafood), obesity, alcohol consumption, excessive coitus especially when stomach is full, indigestion were recognized as contributing factors even in ancient times. Consumption of sugar sweetened soft drinks sweet, and fructose, which had not been previously recognized, was described as a new risk factor for gout. Finally, protective factors such as skim products, high dose vitamin C and caffeinated coffee have also been described. About 70% of uric acid is produced by human body, with the remaining 30% coming from foods and beverages that contain purines. Gout is treated with medications, but a healthier diet can play an important role in treating hyperuricemia various associated diseases. A low-purine diet used to be recommended to manage gout and maintaining a healthy weight and eating a healthier diet are the best ways to treat gout. The goal of this article was to provide diet and lifestyle recommendations for gout and hyperuricemia that were developed by a group of rheumatologists; based on a review of the most recent literature. Key words: Ghaleez ghiza, Hyperuricemia, Niqras,
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Sumanto, Sumanto, Joko Tri Haryanto, and Heni Nur Kusumawati. "The Benefits of Acupuncture Combined with a Low Purine Diet to Improve Uric Acid and Total Cholesterol in Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hyperuricemia." Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health 7, no. 3 (2022): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.01.
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Ghasemi, S., A. A. Naserian, R. Valizadeh, A. M. Tahmasebi, A. R. Vakili, and M. Behgar. "Effects of pistachio by-product in replacement of lucerne hay on microbial protein synthesis and fermentative parameters in the rumen of sheep." Animal Production Science 52, no. 11 (2012): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11287.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of partial and total substitution of lucerne hay with pistachio by-product on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, digesta kinetics, blood metabolites, nitrogen retention and microbial protein synthesis in Baloochi sheep. Six sheep with a bodyweight of 40.1 ± 1.77 kg fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulae were assigned at random to three diets in a double 3 × 3 Latin-square design. The dietary treatments included a control (basal diet), low pistachio by-product diet (50% of the lucerne hay in the basal diet was replaced by pistachio by-product), and high pistachio by-product diet (all of the lucerne hay in the basal diet was replaced by pistachio by-product). The daily basal diet was 500 g/kg DM lucerne hay, 250 g/kg DM wheat straw, 210 g/kg DM barley grain, 30 g/kg DM cotton seed meal, 8 g/kg DM vitamin–mineral supplement and 2 g/kg DM salt. Faeces and urine were collected for 8 days and used to estimate digestibility, nitrogen retention and microbial protein synthesis. Sheep were dosed ruminally with Cr-EDTA (2.27 g/L) and rumen samples were evaluated for pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen concentrations and digesta kinetics. The intake of neutral detergent fibre, purine derivatives excretion, volatile fatty acid concentrations in the rumen and ammonia nitrogen in the abomasum decreased (P < 0.05). Ether extract intake and ruminal pH was increased at 5 h after feeding (P < 0.05) as the level of pistachio by-product in the diet increased. Total pistachio by-product replacement for lucerne hay increased (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility of nitrogen, ether extract, organic matter and nitrogen retention and decreased (P < 0.05) microbial protein synthesis, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen. The inclusion of pistachio by-product had no effect on blood metabolites and digesta kinetics. Based on these results it was concluded that pistachio by-product can be considered as a useful replacement for lucerne hay in the diet of Baloochi sheep without any negative impacts on their responses. Moreover, pistachio by-product inclusion in diet improved nitrogen metabolism in Baloochi sheep.
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Gromova, M. A., V. V. Tsurko, and A. S. Melekhina. "Rational approach to nutrition for patients with gout." Clinician 13, no. 3-4 (2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8338-2019-13-3-4-15-21.
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Gout is a complex multifactorial disease associated with the deposition of crystals of sodium monourate in various tissues of the body and the emergence, in this regard, of chronic hyperuricemia, which is clinically manifested by acute recurrent arthritis and the formation of gouty nodes – tofus. Methods of treating gout can be divided into two groups: lifestyle modification / change in eating habits and pharmacotherapy. But, before drugs appeared, diet was the only way to treat the disease. Since ancient times, gout has been associated with excessive nutrition and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. In the Middle Ages, gout was often called the “disease of the kings”, explaining this, firstly, by constant plentiful meals without any measure, and therefore the kidneys of the “abusers” could not cope with the removal of a huge concentration of uric acid. And secondly, the high prevalence of this disease among male aristocrats. Ordinary people ate on a limited basis and could not afford food rich in purines, so they fell ill less often. However, in the last decade, wider knowledge has been gained about dietary factors associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Obesity, excessive consumption of red meat and excess alcohol have already been recognized as causative factors. Legumes and purine-rich vegetables have been justified after numerous studies. New risk factors have been described, such as fructose and sweetened drinks. Finally, protective factors such as low fat dairy products have been studied. Patients with gout are forced to follow a diet throughout their lives, and not only during periods of exacerbation, but now it has become easier to adhere to it, since the diet allowed for food has expanded significantly. Although most of the prerequisites for dietary recommendations have been assigned ratings of medium / low or very low quality, this article will provide the basis for changes in eating habits in patients with hyperuricemia and gout in accordance with large international studies.
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FUJIHARA, T., M. N. SHEM, and T. HIRANO. "Urinary excretion and blood plasma allantoin in lambs and young goats starved and refed with a purine-free diet." Journal of Agricultural Science 140, no. 1 (2003): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859602002824.
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An experiment was carried out to determine endogenous excretion of allantoin (AN) in lambs and kids fasted and fed on a purine-free diet (milk replacer: MR). After weaning (40–50 days after birth), the animals were reared by feeding on MR until they were 120 days old. At 8 months of age, they were fasted for 8 days, and then re-fed on MR for 13 days. After weaning, AN excretion gradually decreased almost to a constant level at 80–120 days after birth (mean 0·14 mmol/kgW0·75/day). In goat kids, there was variation but no definite trend in urinary AN excretion in the period 40–120 days (mean 0·35 mmol/kgW0·75/day). Urinary AN excretion was very low after fasting for 8 days, mean values (per kgW0·75/day) being 0·13 mmoles for lambs and 0·17 mmoles for goat kids. In lambs, urinary AN excretion did not increase following subsequent re-feeding of MR, and for goat kids the increase was small. Changes in plasma AN concentration after fasting and re-feeding showed a similar response to that of urinary AN excretion for both sheep and goats so that there was a high positive correlation between the plasma AN and urinary AN excretion (r=0·881 for lambs and r=0·853 for kids). It is concluded that, in these young animals, urinary AN excretion rapidly responds to changes in plasma AN and is therefore likely to be a useful practical indication of endogenous PD excretion.
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Daniels, Z. M., X. B. Chen, D. J. Kyle, K. Sinclair, and E. R. Ørskov. "Purine derivatives in urine and plasma of lactating cows given different levels of feed intake." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026520.
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It has been demonstrated in previous work (Chen et al 1993) that the molar ratio of purine derivatives (PD) to creatinine (C) in spot urine samples can be used as an index of microbial protein supply in sheep. This study was to examine the feasibility of using this approach in cattle.Twelve lactating beef cows were allocated into three groups and each group was fed one of the following levels of restricted feeding: (1) 13 kg fresh weight (FW)/d (high), (2) 10 kg FW/d (medium); (3) 7 kg FW/d(low), given in two equal meals. The diet was pelleted and contained (on fresh weight basis): 0.40 sodium hydroxide treated straw, 0.24 barley, 0.10 soya, 0.25 molassed sugar beet pulp and 0.01 urea. Daily urinary excretion of PD was measured for a week. Two-hourly collections of urine (regarded as ‘spot urine’) were also made over the same period for measurement of PD/C molar ratio. Plasma PD concentration was measured in three jugular blood samples taken on the last day of urine collection. Milk yield was indirectly measured by calf weights before and after suckling. The results were analysed to examine the variability of PD/C in spot samples and the relationship of the spot PD/C measurement with the daily PD output.
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Blümmel, M., A. Karsli, and J. R. Russell. "Influence of diet on growth yields of rumen micro-organisms in vitro andin vivo: influence on growth yield of variable carbon fluxes to fermentation products." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 3 (2003): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003934.
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The efficiency of rumen microbial production (EMP)in vitroandin vivowas examined for three roughages (lucerne (Medicago sativaL.) hay, oat (Avenia sativaL.)–berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinumcultivar BigBee) hay and maize (Zea maysL.) crop residue (MCR)) and for five isonitrogenous (106 g crude protein (N × 6·25)/kg) diets formulated from lucerne hay, oat–berseem clover hay, MCR, soya-bean meal and maize grain to provide degradable intake protein for the production of 130 g microbial protein/kg total digestible nutrients. EMPin vivowas determined by intestinal purine recovery in sheep and ranged from 240 to 360 g microbial biomass/kg organic matter truly degraded in MCR and in one of the diets respectively (P<0·05). EMPin vitrowas estimated by the substrate degraded: gas volume produced thereby (termed partitioning factor, PF (mg/ml)) at times of estimated peak microbial production and after 16·0 and 24·0h of incubation. For the diets, PF values were significantly related to EMPin vivoat peak microbial production (P= 0·04), but not after 16·0 (P= 0·08) and 24·0h (P= 0·66). For roughages, PF values were significantly related to EMPin vivoonly when measured after 16·0 h (P= 0·04). For MCR and diets, a close non-linear relationship was found between PF values at peak microbial production and EMPin vivo(R20·99,P<0·0001) suggesting a maximum EMPin vivoof 0·39. Low gas production per unit substrate degraded (high PF) was associated with high EMPin vivo.Thein vitrostudy of the products of fermentation, short-chain fatty acids, gases and microbial biomass (by purine analysis) after 16·0h of incubation showed very strong relationships (R2≥ 0·89,P<0·0001) between short-chain fatty acids, gases and gravimetrically measured apparent degradability. Except for maize grain, the true degradability of organic matter estimated by neutral-detergent solution treatment agreed with the sum of the products of fermentation (R20·81,P=0·0004). After 16·0h of incubation, the synergistic effects of diet ingredient on diets were greater for microbial biomass (18%) than for short-chain fatty acids and gas production (7 %). It is concluded that measurement of gas production only gives incomplete information about fodder quality; complementation of gas measurements by true degradability measurements is recommended.
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Su, Manchun, Huihui Wang, Huibin Shi, et al. "Yeast Products Mediated Ruminal Subenvironmental Microbiota, and Abnormal Metabolites and Digestive Enzymes Regulated Rumen Fermentation Function in Sheep." Animals 12, no. 22 (2022): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223221.
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Yeast products (YP) are commonly used as rumen regulators, but their mechanisms of action are still unclear. Based on our previous studies, we questioned whether yeast products would have an impact on rumen solid-associated (SA) and liquid-associated (LA) microorganisms and alter rumen fermentation patterns. Thirty 3-month-old male sheep weighing 19.27 ± 0.45 kg were selected and randomized into three groups for 60 days: (1) basal diet group (CON group), (2) basal diet add 20 g YP per day (low YP, LYP group) and (3) basal diet add 40 g YP per day (high YP, HYP group). The results demonstrated that the addition of YP increased rumen cellulase activity, butyrate and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations (p < 0.05), while it decreased rumen amylase activity and abnormal metabolites, such as lactate, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and histamine (HIS) (p < 0.05). Metagenomic analysis of rumen microorganisms in three groups revealed that YP mainly influenced the microbial profiles of the SA system. YP increased the relative abundance of R. flavefaciens and decreased methanogens in the SA system (p < 0.05). With the addition of YP, the abundance of only a few lactate-producing bacteria increased in the SA system, including Streptococcus and Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). However, almost all lactate-utilizing bacteria increased in the LA system, including Megasphaera, Selenomonas, Fusobacterium and Veillonella (p < 0.05). In addition, YP increased the abundance of certain GHs family members, including GH43 and GH98 (p < 0.05), but decreased the abundance of some KEGG metabolic pathways involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, biosynthesis of antibiotics and purine metabolism, among others. In conclusion, the addition of YP to high-concentrate diets can change the abundance of major functional microbiota in the rumen, especially in the solid fraction, which in turn affects rumen fermentation patterns and improves rumen digestibility.
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Xiao, Yao, Xiaolei Li, Xin Zeng та ін. "A Low ω-6/ω-3 Ratio High-Fat Diet Improves Rat Metabolism via Purine and Tryptophan Metabolism in the Intestinal Tract, While Reversed by Inulin". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67, № 26 (2019): 7315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02110.
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Liu, Liming, Liquan Deng, Wei Wei, et al. "Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658 Improves Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18 (2023): 13997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813997.
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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide; it is characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and progressive fibrosis. Here, a Western diet combined with low-dose weekly carbon tetrachloride was fed to C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks to build a NASH model to investigate the attenuating effects and possible mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658. Hepatic pathology, lipid profiles, and gene expression were assessed. The metabolomic profiling of the serum was performed. The composition structure of gut microbiota was profiled using 16s rRNA sequencing. The results show that LPJZ-658 treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation in NASH mice. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that several pathways, such as purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis, were associated with NASH. Notably, we found that treatment with LPJZ-658 regulated the levels of bile acids (BAs) in the serum. Moreover, LPJZ-658 restored NASH-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. The correlation analysis deduced obvious interactions between BAs and gut microbiota. The current study indicates that LPJZ-658 supplementation protects against NASH progression, which is accompanied by alternating BA metabolic and modulating gut microbiota.
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, Joaquín Castro-Montoya, Mario Hasler, and Andreas Susenbeth. "Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage." Animals 10, no. 2 (2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020316.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) with urinary purine derivates and estimated ruminal microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis. Forty-four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-day periods comprised of a 13-day adaptation phase to diet followed by an 8-day sampling phase. Differences in estimated MCP yield and milk OBCFA composition were found by feeding total mixed rations containing forage (maize silage, MS; red clover silage, RCS) and concentrates (0.75:0.25) with targeted proportions of RCS to MS of 0.15:0.60, 0.30:0.45, 0.45:0.30, and 0.60:0.15 on a dry matter basis. The MCP was estimated from the total urinary purine derivate (PD) excretion (MCPPD) and intakes of metabolizable energy (MCPME) or digestible organic matter (MCPdOM). The Pearson correlations of individual OBCFA with urinary parameters (uric acid, allantoin, PD and nitrogen) were generally weak (r = −0.37 to 0.55). Yields of individual OBCFA correlated positively with MCPME and MCPdOM (r = 0.21 to 0.55). The prediction of urinary PD concentration was moderate (R2 = 0.64) when including the proportion of iso-C17:0. The prediction of total PD excretion was low (R2 = 0.21) with yields of iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0. The prediction of MCPPD was high (R2 = 0.99) when including the iso-C16:0 and cis-9 C17:1 concentrations, while those of MCPME and MCPdOM were low (R2 = 0.37 and 0.36, respectively) when including yields of iso-C15:0, cis-9 C17:1, and iso-C18:0. The correlations and regression analyses demonstrate that the estimated MCP synthesis and urinary PD excretion can be only moderately predicted by yields and concentrations of individual or total OBCFA in cow’s milk. However, milk OBCFA can still be seen as a promising, non-invasive method for predicting rumen function and microbial protein supply in dairy cows because MCP flow was not directly measured in this study but instead indirectly estimated probably comprising considerable deviations of the assumed values from the true ones.
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Zhang, Yue, Simon C. Robson, Kaiya L. Morris, et al. "Impaired natriuretic response to high-NaCl diet plus aldosterone infusion in mice overexpressing human CD39, an ectonucleotidase (NTPDase1)." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 308, no. 12 (2015): F1398—F1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00125.2014.
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Extracellular nucleotides acting through P2 receptors facilitate natriuresis. To define how purinergic mechanisms are involved in sodium homeostasis, we used transgenic (TG) mice that globally overexpress human CD39 (hCD39, NTPDase1), an ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes extracellular ATP/ADP to AMP, resulting in an altered extracellular purine profile. On a high-sodium diet (HSD, 3.5% Na+), urine volume and serum sodium were significantly higher in TG mice but sodium excretion was unaltered. Furthermore, TG mice showed an attenuated fall in urine aldosterone with HSD. Western blot analysis revealed significantly lower densities (∼40%) of the β-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in medulla, and the major band (85-kDa) of γ-ENaC in TG mice cortex. To evaluate aldosterone-independent differences, in a second experiment, aldosterone was clamped by osmotic minipump at 20 μg/day, and mice were fed either an HSD or a low-sodium diet (LSD, 0.03% Na+). Here, no differences in urine volume or osmolality, or serum aldosterone were found, but TG mice showed a modest, yet significant impairment in late natriuresis ( days 3 and 4). Several major sodium transporters or channel subunits were differentially expressed between the genotypes. HSD caused a downregulation of Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in both genotypes; and had higher cortical levels of NCC, Na-K-ATPase (α-1 subunit), and α- and γ-ENaC. The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) was downregulated by HSD in wild-type mice, but it increased in TG mice. In summary, our data support the concept that extracellular nucleotides facilitate natriuresis; they also reveal an aldosterone-independent downregulation of major renal sodium transporters and channel subunits by purinergic signaling.
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Kakutani-Hatayama, Miki, Manabu Kadoya, Hirokazu Okazaki, et al. "Nonpharmacological Management of Gout and Hyperuricemia: Hints for Better Lifestyle." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11, no. 4 (2015): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827615601973.
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We reviewed lifestyle factors that influence serum uric acid levels and risk of gout flare, and how to improve their deleterious effects. Since obesity increases uric acid and weight gain increases gout risk, weight reduction by daily exercise and limiting intake of excess calories is recommended. However, strenuous exercise, which causes adenine nucleotide degradation; starvation, which decreases uric acid excretion; and dehydration may raise the level of uric acid in serum and trigger gout. Increased intake of purine-rich foods, such as meat and seafood, raise the level of uric acid in serum and is associated with increased risk of gout, whereas dairy products, especially low-fat types, are associated with a lower risk of gout. Also, heavy alcohol drinking raises the uric acid level and increases the risk of gout through adenine nucleotide degradation and lactate production. Sweet fruits and soft drinks containing fructose should be moderated, since fructose may raise uric acid and increase gout risk through uric acid production and/or decreased excretion. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet is recommended for gout patients, since it may also help prevent hyperuricemia. Furthermore, coffee and vitamin C supplementation could be considered as preventive measures, as those can lower serum uric acid levels as well as the risk of gout.
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Prezioso, Domenico, Pasquale Strazzullo, Tullio Lotti, et al. "Dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation. A review of CLU Working Group." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 87, no. 2 (2015): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2015.2.105.
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Objective: Diet interventions may reduce the risk of urinary stone formation and its recurrence, but there is no conclusive consensus in the literature regarding the effectiveness of dietary interventions and recommendations about specific diets for patients with urinary calculi. The aim of this study was to review the studies reporting the effects of different dietary interventions for the modification of urinary risk factors in patients with urinary stone disease. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the Pubmed database literature up to July 1, 2014 for studies on dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for urinary stone formation was conducted according to a methodology developed a priori. Studies were screened by titles and abstracts for eligibility. Data were extracted using a standardized form and the quality of evidence was assessed. Results: Evidence from the selected studies were used to form evidencebased guideline statements. In the absence of sufficient evidence, additional statements were developed as expert opinions. Conclusions: General measures: Each patient with nephrolithiasis should undertake appropriate evaluation according to the knowledge of the calculus composition. Regardless of the underlying cause of the stone disease, a mainstay of conservative management is the forced increase in fluid intake to achieve a daily urine output of 2 liters. Hypercalciuria: Dietary calcium restriction is not recommended for stone formers with nephrolithiasis. Diets with a calcium content ≥ 1 g/day (and low protein-low sodium) could be protective against the risk of stone formation in hypercalciuric stone forming adults. Moderate dietary salt restriction is useful in limiting urinary calcium excretion and thus may be helpful for primary and secondary prevention of nephrolithiasis. A low-normal protein intake decrease calciuria and could be useful in stone prevention and preservation of bone mass. Omega-3 fatty acids and bran of different origin decreases calciuria, but their impact on the urinary stone risk profile is uncertain. Sports beverage do not affect the urinary stone risk profile. Hyperoxaluria: A diet low in oxalate and/or a calcium intake normal to high (800-1200 mg/day for adults) reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate, conversely a diet rich in oxalates and/or a diet low in calcium increase urinary oxalate. A restriction in protein intake may reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate although a vegetarian diet may lead to an increase in urinary oxalate. Adding bran to a diet low in oxalate cancels its effect of reducing urinary oxalate. Conversely, the addition of supplements of fruit and vegetables to a mixed diet does not involve an increased excretion of oxalate in the urine. The intake of pyridoxine reduces the excretion of oxalate. Hyperuricosuria: In patients with renal calcium stones the decrease of the urinary excretion of uric acid after restriction of dietary protein and purine is suggested although not clearly demonstrated. Hypocitraturia: The administration of alkaline-citrates salts is recommended for the medical treatment of renal stone-formers with hypocitraturia, although compliance to this treatment is limited by gastrointestinal side effects and costs. Increased intake of fruit and vegetables (excluding those with high oxalate content) increases citrate excretion and involves a significant protection against the risk of stone formation. Citrus (lemons, oranges, grapefruit, and lime) and non citrus fruits (melon) are natural sources of dietary citrate, and several studies have shown the potential of these fruits and/or their juices in raising urine citrate levels. Children: There are enought basis to advice an adequate fluid intake also in children. Moderate dietary salt restriction and implementation of potassium intake are useful in limiting urinary calcium excretion whereas dietary calcium restriction is not recommended for children with nephrolithiasis. It seems reasonable to advice a balanced consumption of fruit and vegetables and a low consumption of chocolate and cola according to general nutritional guidelines, although no studies have assessed in pediatric stone formers the effect of fruit and vegetables supplementation on urinary citrate and the effects of chocolate and cola restriction on urinary oxalate in pediatric stone formers. Despite the low level of scientific evidence, a low-protein (&lt; 20 g/day) low-salt (&lt; 2 g/day) diet with high hydration (&gt; 3 liters/day) is strongly advised in children with cystinuria. Elderly: In older patients dietary counseling for renal stone prevention has to consider some particular aspects of aging. A restriction of sodium intake in association with a higher intake of potassium, magnesium and citrate is advisable in order to reduce urinary risk factors for stone formation but also to prevent the loss of bone mass and the incidence of hypertension, although more hemodynamic sensitivity to sodium intake and decreased renal function of the elderly have to be considered. A diet rich in calcium (1200 mg/day) is useful to maintain skeletal wellness and to prevent kidney stones although an higher supplementation could involve an increase of risk for both the formation of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases. A lower content of animal protein in association to an higher intake of plant products decrease the acid load and the excretion of uric acid has no particular contraindications in the elderly patients, although overall nutritional status has to be preserved.
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Wilczak, Jacek, Adam Prostek, Katarzyna Dziendzikowska, et al. "Oat Beta-Glucan as a Metabolic Regulator in Early Stage of Colorectal Cancer—A Model Study on Azoxymethane-Treated Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 9 (2024): 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094635.
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Factors that reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer include biologically active substances. In our previous research, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects of oat beta-glucans in gastrointestinal disease models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week consumption of a diet supplemented with low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan in two doses on the antioxidant potential, inflammatory parameters, and colonic metabolomic profile in azoxymethane(AOM)-induced early-stage colorectal cancer in the large intestine wall of rats. The results showed a statistically significant effect of AOM leading to the development of neoplastic changes in the colon. Consumption of beta-glucans induced changes in colonic antioxidant potential parameters, including an increase in total antioxidant status, a decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration. In addition, beta-glucans decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12) and C-reactive protein (CRP) while increasing the concentration of IL-10. Metabolomic studies confirmed the efficacy of oat beta-glucans in the AOM-induced early-stage colon cancer model by increasing the levels of metabolites involved in metabolic pathways, such as amino acids, purine, biotin, and folate. In conclusion, these results suggest a wide range of mechanisms involved in altering colonic metabolism during the early stage of carcinogenesis and a strong influence of low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan, administered as dietary supplement, in modulating these mechanisms.
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MacLean, D. A., L. L. Spriet, and T. E. Graham. "Plasma amino acid and ammonia responses to altered dietary intakes prior to prolonged exercise in humans." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 4 (1992): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-053.
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This study examined the effects of altered dietary intakes on amino acid and ammonia (NH3) responses prior to and during prolonged exercise in humans. Six male recreational cyclists rode to exhaustion at 75% of [Formula: see text] following 3 days on a low carbohydrate (LC), mixed (M), or high carbohydrate (HC) diet in a latin square design. There were differences (p < 0.05) in exercise times among all treatments (58.8 ± 3.7, 112.1 ± 7.3, and 152.9 ± 10.3 min for the LC, M, and HC treatments, respectively). The rate of increase in plasma NH3 during exercise was greater (p < 0.05) during the LC trial. The LC trial was also characterized by higher (p < 0.05) resting plasma concentrations of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and a greater decrease in these amino acids during exercise (p < 0.05), as compared with the other two treatments. Both plasma BCAA and NH3 were susceptible to dietary manipulations. These findings suggest that limited carbohydrate availability in association with increased BCAA availability results in enhanced BCAA metabolism during exercise. This is reflected in a greater rate of increase in plasma NH3 and is consistent with the hypothesis that a significant fraction of the NH3 released during a prolonged, submaximal exercise bout is from amino acid catabolism.Key words: AMP deaminase, branched chain amino acids, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase, glycogen, purine nucleotide cycle.
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Shingfield, K. J., and N. W. Offer. "Evaluation of milk allantoin excretion as an index of microbial protein supply in lactating dairy cows." Animal Science 67, no. 3 (1998): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980003277x.
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AbstractThe potential of milk allantoin as an index ofmicrobial protein supply was evaluated in two experiments conducted with 12 multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows that examined the effects of altering the supply of metabolizable energy (ME) and fermentable metabolizable energy (FME). In the first experiment, late lactation cows received a 14·3 kg dry matter (DM) per day basal diet consisting of (g/kg DM) chopped barley straw (415), soya-bean meal (322), molassed sugar-beet pulp (197), molasses (33), urea (17) and a vitamin and mineral supplement (17) for a 21-day co-variance period. During four 16-day periods, six treatments were allocated randomly to cows, consisting of potato starch (1, 2 or 3 kg DM per day) or fat supplements (0·64, 1·27 or 1·91 kg DM per day). In the second experiment, early lactation cows received 40 kg/day (fresh weight, (FW)) of silage (307 g/kg toluene-corrected dry matter, 149 g/kg DM crude protein and 11·6 MJ/kg ME). During three 21-day periods, four treatments were evaluated consisting of supplements of either 4·1 (LI) or 8·1 (12) kg fresh weight per day of a low fat concentrate (acid hydrolysis ether extract (AHEE) 45 g/kg DM) or 3·8 (HI) or 7·5 (H2) kg fresh weight per day of a high fat concentrate (AHEE 110 g/kg DM). Both experiments showed individual cow milk allantoin concentration or excretion to be poorly correlated with urinary purine derivative excretion or calculated microbial protein supply. Use of treatment mean (TM) values dramatically improved these relationships. For pooled TM (no. = 10) values from both experiments, close relationships existed between milk allantoin excretion and concentration with milk yield (r values 0·991 and 0·883, respectively). Auto-correlation with milk yield appeared to account for milk allantoin excretion and concentration being highly correlated with urinary purine derivative excretion (r values 0·908 and 0·934, respectively) and calculated microbial protein supply (r values 0·938 and 0·945, respectively). Current experimental data indicates that measurement of milk allantoin is not a reliable indicator of microbial protein supply for individual cows.
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Garcia, D. Cardenas, C. J. Newbold, H. Galbraith, J. H. Topps, X. B. Chen, and J. A. Rooke. "Rice polishings as an alternative to sugar cane molasses as a supplement with urea to low-quality forage diets for ruminants." Animal Science 56, no. 1 (1993): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100006188.
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AbstractThe effect of including 14 g urea with either 75 g dry matter (DM) from sugar cane molasses (UM) or Colombian rice polishings (RP) at three levels, 68 (RP1), 137 (RP2) or 203 (RP3) g DM on grass hay DM intake and on rumen fermentation was investigated. An incomplete Latin-square design was used and each experimental period was divided into 12 days for adaptation to each diet followed by 9 days in metabolism cages when all measurements were made using five adult sheep.Pooled mean values for rumen metabolites (five samples per day) were calculated. Rumen pH was not affected by the nature of the supplements. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) (UM 92·8, RP1 84·2, RP2 86·4, and RP3 84·0 (s.e.d. 3·4) mmol/l) and lactate (UM 2·0, RP1 1/6, RP2 1/7, RP3 1/8 (s.e.d. 0·014) mmol/l) (UM v. RP, P < 0·05 and P < 0·10 respectively) were lower when RP were given, while concentration of branched and longer chain VFA (26·5, 34·0, 31·1 and 33·5 (s.e.d. 1·6) mmol/mol total VFA, UM v. RP, P < 0·01) and ammonia (98, 131, 141, 137 (s.e.d. 16·1) mg/l, UM v. RP, P < 0·05) were increased. Numbers of rumen protozoa (1·6, 3·2, 2·7, 3·3 (s.e.d. 0·75) × 105 per ml, UM v. RP, P < 0·20) tended to be higher 2 h after feeding when RP rather than UM were given. However, hay DM intake (1050, 960, 960, 880 (s.e.d. 45·3) g/day, UM v. RP, P < 0·05), and microbial protein supply (11·7, 9·3,11·1,10·8 (s.e.d. 0·59) g N per day, UM v. RP, P < 0·05), estimated from urinary purine excretion were reduced by feeding RP instead of UM.At the levels of inclusion tested RP did not increase the efficiency of rumen fermentation and were not as effective a supplement with urea as was molasses for a low-quality forage diet.
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Belenguer, A., J. Balcells, M. Fondevila, and C. Torre. "Caecotrophes intake in growing rabbits estimated either from urinary excretion of purine derivatives or from direct measurement using animals provided with a neck collar: effect of type and level of dietary carbohydrate." Animal Science 74, no. 1 (2002): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052309.
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AbstractThe present study compares estimates of caecotrophes production from urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion with that from preventing caecotrophy by using a neck collar. A total of 64 New Zealand growing male rabbits were used to study the effect of diet composition on caecotrophes production. Diets were formulated using two sources of structural carbohydrates (fibre): alfalfa hay (AH) and sugar-beet pulp (SBP), mixed at two constant proportions, (0·75: 0·25) AH diets and (0·25: 0·75) SBP diets. Both diets included either barley or maize grain at two fibre: grain ratios (F/G, 80: 20 and 45: 55). Diets were given ad libitum. Growth rate, dry matter intake and digestibility were not modified by the grain source, although high F/G diets resulted in a lower growth rate (19·8 v. 26·4 g/day; P < 0·001). Between fibre sources, dry-matter intake and growth were higher in AH than in SBP diets (122·5 and 25·6 v. 101·6 and 20·4 g/day, respectively, P < 0·001 and P < 0·01). Rabbits given high F/G ratio and AH diets excreted more caecotrophes than those given low F/G ratio and SBP diets (19·5 and 20·9 v. 16·3 and 14·85 g/day, respectively). Microbial-N recycling through the caecotrophy process was higher when considering data from PD excretion (1·33 g/d) than when estimated by preventing caecotrophy (0·72 g/day).
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Zhang, Fengshuo, Yu Zhang, Tingli He, Qiurong Ji, Shengzhen Hou, and Linsheng Gui. "Changes in Rumen Microbiology and Metabolism of Tibetan Sheep with Different Lys/Met Ratios in Low-Protein Diets." Animals 14, no. 11 (2024): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14111533.
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In ruminants, supplementing appropriate amounts of amino acids improves growth, feed utilization efficiency, and productivity. This study aimed to assess the effects of different Lys/Met ratios on the ruminal microbial community and the metabolic profiling in Tibetan sheep using 16S rDNA sequencing and non-target metabolomics. Ninety-two-month-old Tibetan rams (initial weight = 15.37 ± 0.92 kg) were divided into three groups and fed lysine/methionine (Lys/Met) of 1:1 (LP-L), 2:1 (LP-M), and 3:1 (LP-H) in low-protein diet, respectively. Results: The T-AOC, GSH-Px, and SOD were significantly higher in the LP-L group than in LP-H and LP-M groups (p < 0.05). Cellulase activity was significantly higher in the LP-L group than in the LP-H group (p < 0.05). In the fermentation parameters, acetic acid concentration was significantly higher in the LP-L group than in the LP-H group (p < 0.05). Microbial sequencing analysis showed that Ace and Chao1 indicators were significantly higher in LP-L than in LP-H and LP-M (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group flora and Succiniclasticum were significantly higher in LP-L than in LP-M group (p < 0.05). Non-target metabolomics analyses revealed that the levels of phosphoric acid, pyrocatechol, hydrocinnamic acid, banzamide, l-gulono-1,4-lactone, cis-jasmone, Val-Asp-Arg, and tropinone content were higher in LP-L. However, l-citrulline and purine levels were lower in the LP-L group than in the LP-M and LP-H groups. Banzamide, cis-jasmone, and Val-Asp-Arg contents were positively correlated with the phenotypic contents, including T-AOC, SOD, and cellulase. Phosphoric acid content was positively correlated with cellulase and lipase activities. In conclusion, the Met/Lys ratio of 1:1 in low-protein diets showed superior antioxidant status and cellulase activity in the rumen by modulating the microbiota and metabolism of Tibetan sheep.
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Moorby, J. M., R. J. Dewhurst, C. Thomas, and S. Marsden. "The effect of dietary fat and metabolizable energy supply on milk protein concentration of dairy cows." Animal Science 67, no. 1 (1998): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009735.
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AbstractTo investigate the effect of dietary fat and metabolizable energy (ME) on milk protein concentration, an experiment was carried out using 12 multiparous early-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Three diets were offered in a complete Latin-square change-over design, based on ad libitum access to grass silage. One of three concentrates was offered at a rate of 12 kg/day, each formulated to supply one of two levels of ME (12·1 and 13·6 MJ/kg dry matter (DM)) and one of two levels of fat (31 and a mean of 88 g acid hydrolysis ether extract per kg DM): low energy, high fat (LEHF); low energy, low fat (LELF); and high energy, high fat (HEHF). The concentration of milk protein was significantly higher from animals offered the LELF concentrate (32·5 v. a mean of 31·2 (s.e.d. 0·45) g/kg, P < 0·05), because of lower milk yields (31·0 v. a mean of 33·4 (s.e.d. 0·63) kg/day, P < 0·05). Animals offered the HEHF concentrate produced the highest yields of milk protein but their milk had the lowest concentrations of fat (32·5,34·4 and 31·9 g/kg for LEHF, LELF and HEHF respectively; s.e.d 1·07; P < 0·05 for difference between LELF and HEHF). Silage DM intake was significantly increased by animals offered the LEHF concentrate (9·1, 8·6 and 8·7 (s.e.d. 0·19) kg/day, P < 0·05 for differences between LEHF and the other two concentrates). Urinary purine derivative excretion, used as an index ofmicrobial protein supply, was highest from animals offered the LELF and HEHF concentrates, which both supplied similar amounts of fermentable ME. It is hypothesized that increased de novo synthesis offatty acids on the low fat diet reduced the availability of glucose for lactose synthesis, leading to reduced milk yields and hence increased milk protein concentrations.
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Dorri, T., M. Kazemi-Bonchenari, M. HosseinYazdi, and M. Mirzaei. "Effects of inclusion different level of low-quality forage and ruminal undegradable protein to degradable protein ratio in starter diet on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and urinary purine derivatives in young lambs." Livestock Science 248 (June 2021): 104507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104507.
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