Journal articles: 'Purification of contaminated water'

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Janarthanan, Madhumitha, Kalaiyarasi Mani, and Sakthiya Ram Shankar Raja. "Purification of Contaminated Water Using Eco Enzyme." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 955 (November 21, 2020): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/955/1/012098.

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Ingle, Dr A. H. "Solar Based Water Purification System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (May 31, 2024): 4470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62621.

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Abstract: Solar-based water purification is an innovative and sustainable method leveraging solar energy to produce clean drinking water from contaminated sources. This approach integrates various technologies, primarily solar distillation, solar disinfection (SODIS), and solar-powered filtration systems

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MAMMADLI RASHAD SHOHRAT OGLI, MAMMADLI RASHAD SHOHRAT OGLI. "OPTIMIZATION OF REMEDIATION OF WATER AND AIR MEDIUM CONTAMINATED WITH POLYCHLOROBIPHENYL." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 4 (2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-4-106-109.

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The article is devoted to measures for the purification of water and air medium from polychlorinated biphenyl wastes by the method of UV radiation and NiO2 nanoparticles, on PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) constituting groundwater in PCB waste disposal areas, the possibility of neutralizing PCBs in the atmosphere in industrialized areas. A method for the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl contained in waste and industrial waters, as well as in atmospheric air, has been proposed. Air purification is carried out with ultraviolet and microwave radiation, and ultraviolet radiation and TiO2 nanoparticles are used for water purification. Based on the analysis performed,the problem of optimizing the purification of groundwater and atmospheric air contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls has been formulated and solved. An expression is proposed for the dependence of the cleaning time on the distance to the place of initial environmental pollution.

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Ollis, David F. "Photocatalytic purification and remediation of contaminated air and water." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry 3, no. 6 (November 2000): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1609(00)01169-5.

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Petrov, S., and PA Stoichev. "Reagent ultrafiltration purification of water contaminated with reactive dyes." Filtration & Separation 39, no. 8 (October 2002): 35–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(02)80229-4.

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Hott, Rodrigo C., Luiz F. O. Maia, Mayra S. Santos, Márcia C. Faria, Luiz C. A. Oliveira, Márcio C. Pereira, Cleide A. Bomfeti, and Jairo L. Rodrigues. "Purification of arsenic-contaminated water with K-jarosite filters." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 14 (March 6, 2018): 13857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1344-4.

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Matsumoto, Takahiro, Ichiro Tatsuno, and Tadao Hasegawa. "Instantaneous Water Purification by Deep Ultraviolet Light in Water Waveguide: Escherichia Coli Bacteria Disinfection." Water 11, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050968.

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The necessity of small water purification equipment has been increasing in recent years as a result of frequent natural disasters. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment is an effective method for the disinfection of bacterial contaminants in water. As an emerging technology, disinfection by deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is promising. Few studies have used the point-source characteristics of LEDs and have instead replaced mercury vapor lamps with LEDs. Here, we demonstrate the instantaneous purification of contaminated water by combining the point source characteristics of DUV-LEDs with a water waveguide (WW). The principle is based on the WW region acting as an effective DUV disinfector, whereby a high UV dose in a confined WW region can be applied to bacterial contaminants in a short period of time (around one second). We demonstrate the effect of this DUV-LED WW disinfection technique by showing the results of 3-log disinfection levels of water contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria after a short treatment time. We believe that the combination of the point-source nature of DUV-LED emission, the water-waveguide effect, and a small photovoltaic cell paves the way toward environmentally friendly and emergency preparedness portable water purification equipment that instantaneously supplies clean water just before drinking.

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Mullakaev, R. M., and M. S. Mullakaev. "Ultrasound in the Processes of Treatment of Oil-Contamined Waste: Overview." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-3-53-59.

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An overview of the main methods of cleaning oil-contaminated wastewater, intensified by ultrasonic action, is given. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods, as well as the advantages of methods when using ultrasound are noted. It is shown that ultrasound does not replace the existing methods of purification of oil-contaminated wastewater, but only selectively supplements them, which is primarily associated with synergistic effects arising in water purification processes.

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Et. al., Wan Ainaa Mardhiah Wan Zahari,. "Water Treatment and Purification in Fiqh Perspective." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.913.

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Water is the primary source needed to ensure human and other creature life continuity. There are a lot of water on this planet, but increasingly this water is not where it is needed or it is of inadequate quality (purity) for human consumption or other beneficial for example industrial, agricultural and so on purposes. Contaminated water supply causing harm to human body health and also contributes to extinction to the certain creature. Thus, water-saving or wise water usage is an important matter in Islam. Reuse of wastewater or sewage water is a solution to the water crisis problem faced nowadays. The contaminated water is purified and treated by certain processes. Water purification or treatment water is introduced to produce pure and clean water. However, discussions and debates among experts and societies continue to occur because the water is categorised as pure water but not purify (musta'mal) and impure water and not purify (mutanajjis). Therefore, this study aims to identify the concept and method of water purification and treatment (تطهير الماء) according to Fiqh perspective. Methodology of this study is qualitative approach by using document analysis by analysing several classic Fiqh books by four mazhab (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafie and Hanbali). Hence, this study can discover the water purification method suggested in Fiqh perspective to be applied by Muslim communities in Malaysia.

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Matsumoto, Takahiro, Tsuyoshi Hoshiai, Ichiro Tatsuno, and Tadao Hasegawa. "Action Spectra of Bacteria and Purification of Pollutant Water at Faucets Using a Water Waveguide Method." Water 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091394.

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment is an effective method for purifying pollutant water contaminated with bacteria and/or chemicals. As an emerging technology, purification by deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is promising. Few studies have used the point-source characteristics of LEDs and have instead replaced mercury vapor lamps with LEDs. Here, we show our recent progress in the instantaneous purification of contaminated water by combining the point-source characteristics of DUV-LEDs with a water waveguide (WW). Before the demonstration, we determined the efficacy of disinfection as a function of irradiation wavelength (action spectra) by constructing a wavelength tunable DUV light source. We found that, as a function of irradiation wavelength, there is a strong correlation between the dose-based inactivation rate constants and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) absorbance. Based on this correlation, the emission wavelength of 265 nm was determined as the most effective wavelength for disinfecting water contaminated with bacteria. Instantaneous 2-log disinfection levels of water contaminated with Escherichia coli O1 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated by using the DUV-LED WW method. We also discuss how far-UVC radiation shorter than 230 nm, which has recently been attracting attention and is known as a safe and effective disinfection wavelength for the human body, cannot give a higher-dose-based inactivation rate constant compared to that of 265 nm irradiation due to the larger absorption coefficient of water with a wavelength shorter than 230 nm.

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Gong, Jianyu, Chung-Seop Lee, Yoon-Young Chang, and Yoon-Seok Chang. "A novel self-assembling nanoparticle of Ag–Bi with high reactive efficiency." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 62 (2014): 8597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03300k.

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Ul'yanov, Boris, Mihail Fereferov, and Tat'yana Raskulova. "THE ANALYSIS OF OPERATION OF THE FOAMING APPARATUS OPERATION FOR CHEMICALLY CONTAMINATED WATER TREATMENT." Bulletin of the Angarsk State Technical University 1, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-777x-2018-1-12-105-108.

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Extent of purification of chemically contaminated water of production of styrene in the foaming apparatus supplied with a mesh plate is defined. The field of steady operation of the apparatus is defined. The dependence of efficiency of treatment of chemically contaminated water on the molar mass of components of impurity is established

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Fattal, B., A. Dotan, L. Parpari, Y. Tchorsh, and V. J. Cabelli. "Microbiological Purification of Fish Grown in Fecally Contaminated Commercial Fish Pond." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0564.

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The digestive tracts of tilapia reared in commercial fish ponds with animal manure and/or municipal wastewater generally were contaminated with the fecal indicators E.coli and enterococci to levels greater than those in the environmental water. When the indicator densitites in the water were sufficiently high, the liver and muscle tissue also became contaminated, albeit to much lower levels. Thermotolerant aeromonas were recovered from the environmental water and fish tissues at levels 2-4 logs higher than those of the fecal indicators. Accumulation of the indicators in the tissues of the naturally contaminated (pond) fish generally was greater than that in the artificially contaminated fish. The indicator levels in the tissues did not appreciably decrease when the pond-reared fish were maintained for 5-8 days under starvation conditions in tanks containing water which was not exchanged. However, the E.coli and virus levels in the tissues of experimentally contaminated tilapia were appreciably and significantly reduced under the same conditions. The results point out the limited value of conventional “purification” methods as applied to tilapia reared in fecally fertilized waters and of data obtained from studies with experimental animals. Since fish are cooked prior to consumption, the major public health concern could be the risk of Aeromonas wound infections among individuals who handle and process fish.

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Chen, Lei, Hongchuan Xin, Yuan Fang, Cong Zhang, Feng Zhang, Xing Cao, Chunhui Zhang, and Xuebing Li. "Application of Metal Oxide Heterostructures in Arsenic Removal from Contaminated Water." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/793610.

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It has become one of the major environmental problems for people worldwide to be exposed to high arsenic concentrations through contaminated drinking water, and even the long-term intake of small doses of arsenic has a carcinogenic effect. As an efficient and economic approach for the purification of arsenic-containing water, the adsorbents in adsorption processes have been widely studied. Among a variety of adsorbents reported, the metal oxide heterostructures with high surface area and specific affinity for arsenic adsorption from aqueous systems have demonstrated a promising performance in practical applications. This review paper aims to summarize briefly the metal oxide heterostructures in arsenic removal from contaminated water, so as to provide efficient, economic, and robust solutions for water purification.

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Poskas, G., R. Zujus, P. Poskas, and G. Miliauskas. "Modelling of the Radiological Contamination of the RBMK-1500 Reactor Water Purification and Cooling System." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/293158.

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This paper presents modelling results on the RBMK-1500 reactor water purification and cooling system (PCS) components contamination at Ignalina NPP Unit 1. The modelling was performed using a computer code LLWAA-DECOM (Tractebel Energy Engineering, Belgium), taking into consideration PCS components characteristics, parameters of the water flowing in circuits, system work regimes, and so forth. During the modelling, results on activity of PCS subsystems and components’ deposits and nuclide composition of deposits at the moment of the final shutdown of the reactor, as well as activity decay of the most contaminated PCS components’ deposits and dose rates after the final shutdown of the reactor, were obtained. Significant difference of contamination levels was revealed among PCS subsystems and subsystems components. The subsystem of nonpurified water is the most contaminated in PCS, and the activity of the least contaminated component in this subsystem is only 1.42% compared to the activity of the most contaminated component. The most contaminated and the least contaminated components of the purified water subsystem comprise 28.33% and 0.86% of activity, respectively, compared to the activity of the most contaminated PCS component.

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Zabulonov, Yu L., T. I. Melnychenko, V. M. Kadoshnikov, I. R. Pysanska, L. A. Odukhalets, and O. D. Petrenko. "Environmental aspects of restoring the environment: nanotechnology for removing micro and nanoplastics from water." Environment & Health, no. 4 (109) (December 2023): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2023.04.060.

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Objective: The goal of the research is to synthesize existing approaches for water purification containing micro- and nanoplastics while also developing a new effective method for such purification to reduce the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on the environment and human health. Materials and Research Methods: The research subject included samples of wastewater from a printing facility, which among other pollutants, contained micro- and nanoplastics. Research methods applied include informational, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Results: An analysis of the current state of micro- and nanoplastics removal from contaminated water was conducted. Existing approaches for water purification containing micro- and nanoplastics were summarized. The qualitative composition of nanoplastics was determined, including polyamides, polyimides, polyoxadiazole, and fluoroplastics. The application of thermal treatment allowed the identification of heat-resistant plastics like polyoxadiazole and fluoroplastics. Using either only sorption (with graphite-based sorbents) or only plasma chemical methods was found to be insufficiently effective. The activation mechanism of microplastic particles in the presence of humic acids adsorbed on smectites during high-voltage discharge was examined. A comprehensive plasma chemical method for the purification of contaminated water was developed, effectively removing micro- and nanoplastics from the aquatic environment. Conclusions: The current ecological situation regarding water pollution is highly unfavorable and characterized by an increasing contamination of micro- and nanoplastics combined with various toxic substances. Due to their significant adsorption properties, micro- and nanoplastics exacerbate the toxic effects on the natural environment and human health. The removal of micro- and nanoplastics and associated pollutants is an urgent contemporary issue. The obtained results have led to the development of a comprehensive plasma chemical method for purifying contaminated water from micro- and nanoplastics. This method involves plasma chemical treatment of the contaminated liquid, to which a water dispersion of modified humic substances of high-dispersion smectites is added. This results in the formation of magnetosensitive aggregates incorporating micro- and nanoplastics, which can be removed through magnetic separation. The application of this method holds promise for the purification of water from various micro- and nanoplastics in combination with organic pollutants, heavy metals, and other substances with potential ecological risks.

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Bolisetty, Sreenath, Noemi Reinhold, Christophe Zeder, Monica N. Orozco, and Raffaele Mezzenga. "Efficient purification of arsenic-contaminated water using amyloid–carbon hybrid membranes." Chemical Communications 53, no. 42 (2017): 5714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc00406k.

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Mofokeng, Kebone Revival, Muhammad Falalu Yahaya, Joshua Osuigwe Madu, Florence Nkiruka Chukwudi, Samuel Ojo, and Feyisayo Victoria Adams. "Modified Clay Filters for Purification of Petroleum Products Contaminated Water." Advances in Science and Technology 107 (June 28, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.107.55.

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Some organic pollutants change the color, smell, and other characteristics of water leaving it undesirable for use. However, other organic pollutants do not change the physical properties of the water, yet, they make the water non-useful. This study was carried out to determine the characteristics of petroleum contaminated water and how it can be purified using economical filters for possible reuse in rural areas of the Niger Delta, of Nigeria. The filters were made from rice husk ash, and white clay, as main materials, while calcium carbonate and poly (propylene carbonate) were used as binders and pore former. The water samples were tested for conductivity, turbidity, pH, heavy metals, and total hydrocarbon contents. The results showed a significant decrease in the amount of petroleum/organic pollutants present in the water sample before purification. The filter candle made using poly (propylene carbonate) as a binder was found to be the most efficient in removing organic pollutants, but it was not very effective in the removal of heavy metals and also, the pH of the filtrate became more acidic. Filtrates from other filters, however, had pH in an acceptable range. Dodecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid were found to be removed from the polluted water using the filters.

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Wang, Ruiqin, Weilin Guo, Xianghui Li, Zhonghua Liu, Hua Liu, and Shiyang Ding. "Highly efficient MOF-based self-propelled micromotors for water purification." RSC Advances 7, no. 67 (2017): 42462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra08127h.

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TERAI, AKIHITO, MASAKO TOYOHARA, ATSUMASA SATO, and HARUHIKO TOYOHARA. "Purification of water contaminated with hexavalent chromium by carbonized seaweeds." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 77, no. 6 (2011): 1076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.77.1076.

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TOYOHARA, HARUHIKO. "Purification of water contaminated with hexavalent chromium by carbonized seaweeds." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 78, no. 4 (2012): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.659.

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Guo, Weijie, Qingyun Li, Weihua Zhao, and Liangyuan Zhao. "Application of Eichhornia crassipes on the purification of contaminated water." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 300 (August 9, 2019): 052046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/300/5/052046.

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Adams, F. V., A. Peter, I. V. Joseph, O. P. Sylvester, and A. F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi. "Purification of crude oil contaminated water using fly ash/clay." Journal of Water Process Engineering 30 (August 2019): 100471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.08.009.

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Sackey, Samuel Sonko, Baah Sefa-Ntiri, Patrick Mensah-Amoah, Jonathan Ntow, Michael Kwame Vowotor, Andrew Huzortey, and Angela Akyea. "Microbial Purification in Well-Water Using UV-Vis LEDs and Monitoring Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence." Applied Physics Research 9, no. 6 (November 10, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n6p36.

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Well-water contaminated by microbial bacteria has been purified using LEDs radiating in the ultra-violet and visible spectral regions. The contaminated water sample was exposed to the LEDs in specially constructed chambers and the purification process carried on for 3 days. The efficiency of the process was determined using a 445 nm diode laser to induce fluorescence (LIF) and the monitoring of coliform bacteria count (Total coliform, Fecal coliform and Escherichia coli) as well as Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB). The LIF peak fluorescence intensities at 526 nm (Raman water peak) and dissolved organic matter fluorescence intensity at 550 nm were determined. Using the fluorescence intensity of purified drinking water as reference, a fluorescence intensity ratio was calculated. A decrease in this ratio with time, at the two wavelengths indicated a proof of purification. Using the values of the slopes, the red and green LEDs proved most efficient while the UV was the least. From the counts of coliform bacteria and THB, the light sources registered zero after the first day of purification, but counts were recorded thereafter for some of the bacterial for some light sources. This may be attributable to bio-films formation on internal surfaces of the purification chamber due to excessive temperatures. A reduction in fluorescence intensity observed in the sample stored in dark environment could be attributed to the stationary and logarithmic-decline phases of the growth curve of bacterial population. This purification technique is inexpensive and can easily be adapted for domestic water purification for reducing waterborne bacteria.

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Khan, Ershad Ullah, and Andrew R. Martin. "Water purification of arsenic-contaminated drinking water via air gap membrane distillation (AGMD)." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 58, no. 1 (2014): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.7422.

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Wei, Xiangdong, Deng Yang, Xiaohui Yin, Hongquan Yang, Yayu Fang, Nan Chen, Hao Zhang, and Zhiyong Hu. "Comparative study of efficiencies of purification of cadmium contaminated irrigation water by different purification systems." Science of The Total Environment 907 (January 2024): 167941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167941.

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Wang, Sida, Huachun Lan, Huijuan Liu, and Jiuhui Qu. "Fabrication of FeOOH hollow microboxes for purification of heavy metal-contaminated water." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 14 (2016): 9437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07713c.

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We fabricated FeOOH hollow microboxes constructed from numerous 2D nanosheets via a template-engaged reaction between Prussian blue (PB) and NaOH solution, which showed superior adsorptive performance in the purification of aqueous heavy metals.

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Telgote, Ajinkya Ravindra, and Satish Sudhakarao Patil. "Study and Application of Various Activated Carbons and Ash used in Water Purification Techniques: A Review." Current World Environment 15, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.3.03.

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Water pollution is increasing due to the different factors such as population growth, large-scale urbanization, deforestation, and unethical activities in the river or other sources of water. Various experts have been working in the field of the preparation ofactivated carbon from renewable energy including cost-effective technologies and products in an eco-friendly manner for various applications. This review article discusses methodologies utilized by various experts for the preparation of activated carbon for the abatement of water pollution. Biomasssuch ascoconut shell, Moringaoleifera seed, Peanut shell, Pomegranate peel, Rice husk, Lemon shell, Banana peel, and Orange Peel are found extremely helpful in the field of treatment of the contaminated water. The reviewed literature showed that the Biomass can be isolatespollutants from contaminated water through physical, mechanical, and biological techniques and removes various physicochemical pollutants such as pH, color, DO, turbidity, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, fluoride, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metal, etc. from contaminated water.

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Ramesh T. Parihar and Kamalakar K. Wavhal. "Application of polyaniline-manganese nano-composite for water pollution control." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 3 (2023): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.027.

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Water resources are currently being contaminated as a result of the rapid rise of industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and climate change. The biggest risk for many nations is a lack of clean, fresh water. The focus and attention of numerous scientists and governmental organizations have recently turned to water purification techniques. For efficient and effective sanitization of water bodies, academics from all over the world are focusing on water purification technologies centered on nanotechnology. Due to their great surface area, high chemical reactivity, excellent mechanical strength, and low cost, nanoscale composite materials offer a significant potential to cleanse water in a variety of ways. Polymer nano-composites (Polyaniline-Mn) have been selected as an effective and economical solution for wastewater pollution treatment. An effectiveness of polymer nano-composites for water purification is provided in this research.

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Dey, Debanjan, Amita Mondal, Somrita Nag, Udayan Mondal, Harish Hirani, and Priyabrata Banerjee. "The designed synthesis of a hydrophobic covalent polymer composite to expel toxic dyes and oil from wastewater: theoretical corroboration." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 11 (2021): 5165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj04949b.

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In pursuit of addressing a global issue linked to the purification of contaminated water bodies, hydrophobic covalent organic framework (CPCMERI-2020) and its post-synthetically modified composites CPWCS and MS@CPWCS are reported herein.

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MUKAI, Yasuhito, Song LIU, and Eiji AMANO. "Preparation of Nanocarbon-Supported Nanofiber Fabric for Purification of Contaminated Water." Journal of Textile Engineering 66, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/jte.66.7.

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Singh, Rajendra Prasad, Jiaguo Wu, and Dafang Fu. "Purification of water contaminated with Hg using horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 10 (February 7, 2019): 9697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04260-9.

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Zhang, Mengjie, Jiaxin Cui, Tao Lu, Guosheng Tang, Shutian Wu, Wenjing Ma, and Chaobo Huang. "Robust, functionalized reduced graphene-based nanofibrous membrane for contaminated water purification." Chemical Engineering Journal 404 (January 2021): 126347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126347.

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Dhinakaran, S. "Treatment of Alkaline Water using Reverse Osmosis System with the Help of Renewable Solar Energy." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 2465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34827.

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The aim of this project is to develop a low-cost water purification system that provides clean drinking water. The project has a broad reach since drinking water pollution is a big global problem. This device would provide a solution to contaminated drinking water. Electric current is used to power the purifier during the water treatment process, reducing fluoride, chloride, and increasing the pH content of salty water, resulting in potable drinking water. To achieve this aim, a project management plan has been devised that divides the tasks amongst the community. The ultimate goal of designing this project is to provide clean drinking water at a low cost. The aim of this project is to develop and build a small-scale water purification system that needs little maintenance and is inexpensive. Initially, solar power would be used to power the purification system and to transition the system to renewable energy.

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Myrzalieva, S. K., J. T. Bagasharova, and Sh K. Akilbekova. "Study of the possibility of using zeolite and diatomite in the treatment of oil-contaminated wastewater." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 322, no. 3 (May 2, 2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.26.

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Numerous harmful substances of anthropogenic origin that are released into the environment, including petroleum products, are the result of the uncontrolled discharge of industrial wastewater into natural water bodies. Operation of oil refining and petrochemical industry enterprises, gaseous emissions and effluents of industrial enterprises, numerous oil and NP spills as a result of accidents and fires at oil storage facilities and oil refineries lead to pollution of water and soil with considerable amounts of crude oil and products of its processing and create a serious threat to the ecology of regions of Kazakhstan. A cardinal solution to the problem of protection of water bodies from pollution by wastewater polluted by oil and NP is to organize such water management of enterprises, under which the system of recycling water supply is developed as much as possible and the discharge of wastewater into water bodies is minimized. Currently, the sorption method of water purification is the most environmentally safe and expedient. When selecting a sorbent for sorption much attention is paid to its sorption characteristics and the availability of raw materials. In addition, the choice of a sorbent depends on such factors as the quality requirement for purification, the condition of pollutants, the stages of purification and others. A wide range of natural sorption materials used in water treatment and water treatment is known. Natural materials based on modified diatomites and zeolites from Kazakhstan deposits are investigated in this work.

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Dmitriev, Andrey, Vadim Zinurov, Dang Vinh, and Oksana Dmitrieva. "Removal of moisture from contaminated transformer oil in rectangular separators." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911001026.

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This paper deals with the removal of moisture from the contaminated transformer oil. Design of a rectangular separator and the results of water-oil emulsion separation are shown in this paper. The influence of different values of the separator height and the distance between the rows of elements on the emulsion separation efficiency was studied. In order to calculate the process of removing the moisture from transformer insulating oil, the multiphase Eulerian-Eulerian model “Volume of Fluid” with the number of phases equal to 2 was applied in ANSYS Fluent software package. K–ε turbulence model was used for the calculations. The results were obtained while solving the nonstationary issue. In the course of numerical simulation, the object of study was the transformer oil T-1500U, containing some water amount. The results of numerical simulation of water-oil emulsion separation in a rectangular separator are shown. In the course of numerical studies, it was found that the use of a rectangular separator in order to remove the moisture from transformer oil allows it to be purified from water by 99.99%, providing that the geometrical dimensions of device are chosen correctly. The use of developed rectangular separator can be an alternative to the use of decanting tanks, various separators and other purification devices, which have extremely low rate of purification of contaminated spent oils. This separator allows purifying the transformer oil from water with a speed of 1-2 m/s while the efficiency is equal to 99.99%.

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De Luca, Pierantonio, Carlo Siciliano, Janos B.Nagy, and Anastasia Macario. "Treatment of Water Contaminated with Diesel Using Carbon Nanotubes." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 6226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106226.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the adsorbent properties of carbon nanotubes by investigating, in particular, the possibility of their use in the purification of water contaminated with automotive diesel, caused, in most cases, as a result of spillage from underground tanks, leaks from pipelines, traffic accidents, etc. In particular, we investigated whether the high molecular weights of the hydrocarbon molecules present in diesel could influence the adsorption capacity of carbon nanotubes. Initial systems consisting of water and diesel were treated with different amounts of carbon nanotubes. The final post-adsorption phases were characterized using NMR analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and TG-DTG-DTA thermal analysis. Carbon nanotubes showed great efficiency in the adsorption of diesel, the possibility of their reuse in several adsorption cycles and the consequent recovery of the adsorbed diesel and of the treated water.

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Dey, Tanmoy Kumar, Priya Banerjee, Madhurima Bakshi, Abhirupa Kar, and Somdeep Ghosh. "Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in West Bengal: Current Scenario, Effects and Probable Ways of Mitigation." International Letters of Natural Sciences 13 (April 2014): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.13.45.

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During the past two decades, Arsenic (As) contamination via groundwater has become a serious issue worldwide and is now a major concern in the Indo-Bangladesh Gangetic delta. Arsenic enters human body through contaminated groundwater consumed as drinking water. Food safety in this region is also facing severe consequences as bio-accumulation of Arsenic is occurring in food crops irrigated with As-contaminated water. Chronic exposure to Arsenic can cause not only cancerous and non-cancer health effects. Reports suggest that about 20 % population in West Bengal is highly affected. Various techniques are being introduced to provide arsenic-free drinking water at an affordable cost. But a rigorous change in habit and mind set for procuring safe drinking water in those surviving in As-contaminated zones is the most essential step towards curbing the fatal consequences of As exposure. Harvesting rain water and utilization of proper purification techniques can be considered a possible alternative of safe drinking water.

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Dey, Tanmoy Kumar, Priya Banerjee, Madhurima Bakshi, Abhirupa Kar, and Somdeep Ghosh. "Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in West Bengal: Current Scenario, Effects and Probable Ways of Mitigation." International Letters of Natural Sciences 13 (April 12, 2014): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-052d41.

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During the past two decades, Arsenic (As) contamination via groundwater has become a serious issue worldwide and is now a major concern in the Indo-Bangladesh Gangetic delta. Arsenic enters human body through contaminated groundwater consumed as drinking water. Food safety in this region is also facing severe consequences as bio-accumulation of Arsenic is occurring in food crops irrigated with As-contaminated water. Chronic exposure to Arsenic can cause not only cancerous and non-cancer health effects. Reports suggest that about 20 % population in West Bengal is highly affected. Various techniques are being introduced to provide arsenic-free drinking water at an affordable cost. But a rigorous change in habit and mind set for procuring safe drinking water in those surviving in As-contaminated zones is the most essential step towards curbing the fatal consequences of As exposure. Harvesting rain water and utilization of proper purification techniques can be considered a possible alternative of safe drinking water.

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DE BONI, L. A. B., E. GOLDANI, C. D. MILCHAREK, and F. A. Dos SANTOS. "PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM BIODIESEL PURIFICATION." Periódico Tchê Química 07, no. 4 (January 20, 2007): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v4.n07.2007.janeiro/6_pgs_41_50.pdf.

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Biodiesel, a biodegradable renewable product that obeys the carbon cycle, comes detaching more each time in the national scene due to the National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel from the Federal Government, that stipulates a 2% obligatory addition of biodiesel to the Diesel oil starting at 2008. However the possibility of massive production of biodiesel in Brazil represents a serious threat to the drinking water sources, since one of the critical stages that guarantee the fuel quality is the laudering with water to the removal of biodiesel's by-products, such as the glycerin, the residual alcohol and the catalyst that still mixed in the renewable fuel. This water enters in the process of production not contaminated (some times also potable) and returns to the environment contaminated, presenting pH = 11, oils and greases near of 500 mg L-1, color equal to 3,000 mg L-1, turbidity equal to 905 NTU, beyond a chemical demand of oxygen equal to 16,564 mg L-1. This values are in disagreement with the Conama Resolution nº357. However after treatment it obtains pH = 6, nothing detected for oils and greases and color, 0,64 NTU for turbidity and chemical demand of oxygen equal to 5,000 mg L-1.

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Koutsonikolas, Dimitrios, George Karagiannakis, Konstantinos Plakas, Vasileios Chatzis, George Skevis, Paola Giudicianni, Davide Amato, Pino Sabia, Nikolaos Boukis, and Katharina Stoll. "Membrane and Electrochemical Based Technologies for the Decontamination of Exploitable Streams Produced by Thermochemical Processing of Contaminated Biomass." Energies 15, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 2683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072683.

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Phytoremediation is an emerging concept for contaminated soil restoration via the use of resilient plants that can absorb soil contaminants. The harvested contaminated biomass can be thermochemically converted to energy carriers/chemicals, linking soil decontamination with biomass-to-energy and aligning with circular economy principles. Two thermochemical conversion steps of contaminated biomass, both used for contaminated biomass treatment/exploitation, are considered: Supercritical Water Gasification and Fast Pyrolysis. For the former, the vast majority of contaminants are transferred into liquid and gaseous effluents, and thus the application of purification steps is necessary prior to further processing. In Fast Pyrolysis, contaminants are mainly retained in the solid phase, but a part appears in the liquid phase due to fine solids entrainment. Contaminants include heavy metals, particulate matter, and hydrogen sulfide. The purified streams allow the in-process re-use of water for the Super Critical Water Gasification, the sulfur-free catalytic conversion of the fuel-rich gaseous stream of the same process into liquid fuels and recovery of an exploitable bio-oil rich stream from the Fast Pyrolysis. Considering the fundamental importance of purification/decontamination to exploit the aforementioned streams in an integrated context, a review of available such technologies is conducted, and options are shortlisted. Technologies of choice include polymeric-based membrane gas absorption for desulfurization, electrooxidation/electrocoagulation for the liquid product of Supercritical Water Gasification and microfiltration via ceramic membranes for fine solids removal from the Fast Pyrolysis bio-oil. Challenges, risks, and suitable strategies to implement these options in the context of biomass-to-energy conversion are discussed and recommendations are made.

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Simiyu, Mary T., Francis W. Nyongesa, Bernard O. Aduda, Zephaniah Birech, and Illic Nikolina. "An Assessment of the Use of Static Magnetic Field for Sodium Fluoride Defluoridation and Removal of Escherichia Coli and Rotavirus Pathogens from Water." E3S Web of Conferences 354 (2022): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235403002.

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The use of chemicals such as chlorine in water purification leaves harmful biproducts in the water while filtration techniques such as reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and forward filtration are costly and require external energy for their operation. Ceramic water filters that would have addressed these issues are brittle and incapable of filtering viruses. In this work, we report on the efficiency of water purification using a 0.8 T static magnetic field from permanent magnets in defluoridation of sodium fluoride and purification of Escherichia coli, and Rotavirus. The contaminated water was circulated at varying velocities of 0.1 ml/s to 2.0 ml/s at an ambient temperature of 16.0 °C to 40.0 °C for 0.5 hours to 9.0 hours. It was found that when ionized water was circulated under the static magnetic field for nine hours, its pH was lowered by 9.7% and the velocity of water in circulation did not affect the purification efficiency. The static magnetic field equally lowered the replication of Escherichia coli and Rotavirus by 9.8% and 7.1% respectively. Furthermore, 14.1% of defluoridation of water was also achieved. Thus, a 0.8 T static magnetic field was not able to purify water to recommended levels.

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Geldreich, Edwin. "Control of Microorganisms of Public Health Concern in Water." Journal of the IEST 29, no. 2 (March 1, 1986): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.2.8273n444t436513k.

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The concept of microbial barriers in water supply and wastewater treatment involves a variety of processes other than disinfection. Many of these treatment processes have evolved from the enhancement of some factors associated with natural self-purification (sedimentation, aeration, nutrient limitations, water pH, etc.). Utilizing the multiple barrier concept in treatment of wastes before discharge to receiving waters and the further refinement possible by natural self-purification processes in the stream are beneficial in optimizing the quality of this raw water resource prior to further processing into drinking water supplies. A flow diagram based on typical percent removals in various treatment processes illustrates how water contaminated with fecal wastes can be improved in quality to protect downstream users from microbial hazards.

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Busarev, Andrey, Irina Sheshegova, and Liliya Khisameeva. "Study of the processes of the purification of water from surface sources from petroleum products." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 08007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127408007.

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Recently, the amount of natural waters contaminated with petroleum products, which enter surface sources together with wastewater, has increased. Therefore, the issues of natural water purification of petroleum products are given great importance. Purification of natural waters from petroleum products is possible by sorption and ultrafiltration methods. Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering conducted research on the purification of natural waters from petroleum products in adsorption filters using various sorbents, as well as membrane separators with ultrafiltration modules from various manufacturers. As a loading of sorption filters, it is recommended to use activated charcoal as a sorbent that is optimal in terms of price and quality of water purification. The membrane modules manufactured in Europe and the United States, have a high cleaning effect from petroleum products and a sufficiently high productivity. However, they are extremely expensive.

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Hirvonen, Arja, Tuula Tuhkanen, and Pentti Kalliokoski. "Treatment of TCE- and PCE-contaminated groundwater using UV/H2O2 andO3/H2O2 oxidation processes." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 1, 1996): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0082.

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The feasibility of O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2 treatments the purification of groundwater contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was evaluated by laboratory and pilot-scale studies. Both methods showed rapid and extensive removal of the chlorinated ethylenes. Chloride measurements and by-product studies indicated a high level of mineralization. The health-based guidelines set by the World Health Organization were easily achieved for PCE and TCE as well as the predicted-no-effect-concentration (PNEC) values reached with extended treatment time. Owing to the partial stripping of TCE and PCE during ozonation treatment, UV/H2O2 was selected for further studies in a continuous-flow mode using a commercially available UV-sterilizor. The continuous-flow studies suggest UV/H2O2 could be useful for the purification of contaminated sites.

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Ottenhall, Anna, Jonatan Henschen, Josefin Illergård, and Monica Ek. "Cellulose-based water purification using paper filters modified with polyelectrolyte multilayers to remove bacteria from water through electrostatic interactions." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 4, no. 12 (2018): 2070–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ew00514a.

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Muhammadieva, Dilrabo. "EFFECT OF POLYATOMIC ALCOHOLS ON CHROME CURRENT OUTPUT AT ELECTROCHEMICAL WASTE WATER PURIFICATION." Technical science and innovation 2021, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-02.21.3-77-0016.

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Waste water is generated in almost all industrial enterprises and is contaminated with various organic and inorganic impurities and some heavy metals to varying degrees. The aim of this study is to study the effect of polyhydric alcohols on the current efficiency in the electrochemical method of purification of industrial wastewater contaminated with various heavy metals, in particular chromate ions. The current efficiency of chromium does not exceed 18% during the electrolysis of wastewate, during the process in the presence of xylitol in an amount of 0,16%, the current efficiency increased by 21,9%, in the presence of glycerin in an amount of 0,18%, the current efficiency increased by 23,1%, in the presence of ethylene glycol in the amount of 0,20%, the current efficiency increased by 24,2%

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Karvelas, Evangelos, Christos Liosis, Theodoros Karakasidis, and Ioannis Sarris. "Micromixing Nanoparticles and Contaminated Water Under Different Velocities for Optimum Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002065.

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Effective mixing between contaminated water and nanoparticles is of great importance in various purification applications of microfluidics, especially when heavy metals are involved. Electromagnetic and shear mixing is combined here to explore optimization mixing strategies. A contaminated water stream is confined between two fresh-water streams loaded with nanoparticles and their mixing is studied numerically. The magnetic mixing is superimposed here with a time-modulated gradient external magnetic field. Results show that as velocity ratio increases, mixing between the heavy metals and nanoparticles grows more efficient, mainly due to increased shear, however, magnetic field action is catalytic to homogenise the mixture as water streams move away from the inlets. The present findings may shorten the path to purifying water and reduce its shortage.

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Ismail, Muhibbu-Din Eniola, Jimoh Heekmah Oiza, Kehinde David Pelumi, and Tinuoye Ifeoluwa Agnes. "Purification of Heavy Metals Contaminated Groundwater by Electro-coagulation Process Using Graphite Electrodes." Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 11, no. 2 (July 16, 2023): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jaehr.2023.10.

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Background: The subject of this study was the application of the electro-coagulation process to a contaminated groundwater identified in the Abala community, which is a suburb of the Ilorin metropolis in Kwara state, Nigeria. Methods: The electro-coagulation process was applied to the groundwater samples in a 2.5-L batch reactor containing 1 L of the contaminated water. Each run lasted for 1 hour, and a DC power supply was used with a voltage range of 10 to 20 V at a constant current of 5 amp, or 2amp to 6amp at a constant voltage of 10 V. Also, graphite electrodes were employed in the process. Results: The results revealed that the electro-coagulation process could reduce turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color by 97.3, 91.2, 91.1, 96, 99.7, 99.7%, 79.9%, and 82.96%, respectively. Through an atomic absorption spectroscopy analytical study, the process also showed removal efficiency of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) of 82.96%, 70.0%, and 95.30%, respectively. The results of the electro-coagulation process met the drinking water and general industrial wastewater discharge guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA). Conclusion: The observations of this study indicated that electro-coagulation is an efficient and effective treatment method for the contaminated groundwater. Therefore, this study recommends the use of electro-coagulation for treating contaminated groundwater in Nigeria.

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., Meirison, Fadhilah Insani Insani, and Zahara Andini. "Epistemology of Basic Concepts of Spiritual and Physical Thaharah: Analysis of The Benefits of Ablution Spiritually and Physically." Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 7, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35309/alinsyiroh.v7i1.4080.

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This article aims to explain the purpose of purification in various forms. Purification outwardly and inwardly will be obtained when following the rules given by the Qur'an and Hadith. Purification (thaharah) is one of the legal conditions in performing Salat. When we start performing an act of worship such as Salat, many of us are not right or wrong when taking ablution or sometimes after removing many unclean impurities. I did a literature study with a descriptive analysis approach and found that three ways can be pure: bathing, ablution, and tayammum. The tools used for bathing and ablution are water and for tayammum using soil (dust). As we know, Tayammum can only be done when there is no water and in a state of pain. Purification also removes not only the contaminated feces but also the inner. In purifying, using absolute water or using soil (dust) must meet certain conditions. By doing purification according to the provisions of Rasulullah, then we will get external and internal purity. Keywords: Epidemiology, Concept, Spiritual, Physical, Thaharah

Journal articles on the topic 'Purification of contaminated water'

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