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1
Vashchenko, O. V. "PIG PRODUCTIVITY UNDER PURE BREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING." Animal Breeding and Genetics 51 (March 28, 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.51.05.
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For the research the groups were formed by method of analogues based on origin, age, physiological state, live weight. Studying sperm productivity, the number of ejaculates obtained during the year, average volume, concentration, and the total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate were taken into account and conducted according to conventional techniques using a digital photometer “SDM-30” produced by "Minitüb”. Indicators of economical useful traits of the test animals were calculated according to primary zoo-technical accounting by standard methods of biometric analysis. To determine breeding value of animals by the BLUP method, software developed at the Institute of Pig Breeding "System determining the breeding value of pigs" was used. In carrying out the work, population genetics and mathematical methods were applied for studying of patterns of variability, repeatability, assessment of the genotype of animals.
Reproductive quality of the sows was assessed by multiparity (total number of piglets at farrowing), prolificacy (piglet’s weight at birth, kg), milk ability (total weight of litter at 21 days, kg) piglet’s weight at weaning and survival of offspring to weaning. Survival of piglets, homogeneity and uniformity of litter were determined by modified M. D. Berezovsky – D. V. Lomako index and V. P. Kovalenko homogeneity index. Growth and development were controlled by change of individual live weight via weighing. Average daily gain was determined based on the initial and final live weight and number of days between weightings.
Dynamics of indicators of growth and development, maternal qualities of sows and sperm productivity and fertility of boars at the purebred animal of initial breeds and live weight and age at 100 kg in the hybrids of first generation were studied. The youngsters obtained at crossbreeding Large White breed of domestic and foreign selection with Landrace had the best indicators of growth and development than the purebred counterparts in all age periods. Higher live weight at weaning at age of 60 days was typical for combination ♀LWE x ♂LE and ♀LE x ♂LWE; it is quite natural, because they had lower average number of piglets at weaning. For maturing volumes of back of the carcass and a well-developed layer of fat should be adjusted to Landrace sows and Large White boars. Fattening of commercial hybrids obtained by this scheme under Ukrainian conditions is advisable to check out at animal’s live weight of 115 ... 120 kg.
Significant correlations were proven on the basis of: BLUP index – back fat thickness at the level of the 6-7 thoracic vertebra – -0,221 ± 0,0938 (tr = 2,35), BLUP index – back fat thickness on sacrum – -0,298 ± 0,0898 (tr = 3,31), BLUP index – back fat thickness at the midpoint of the back between the withers and sacrum – -0,239 ± 0,0929 (tr = 2,57), BLUP index – body length – -0,338 ± 0,0873 (tr = 3, 86), BLUP index – multiparity – -0,294 ± 0,0900 (tr = 3,26), BLUP index – total weight of the litter at the date of weaning – -0,233 ± 0,0932 (tr = 2,49). Keeping the selection process towards selection and combination of parental pairs by BLUP method is one of the ways to increase the productive capacity of the animals.
According to the research it was found that asymmetry of testes sizes was observed together with individual peculiarities of testes form at the same breeding boars. Testes have physiological asymmetry. Ratio of areas of the left testes to right was Sl/Sr = 1.04, and volumes respectively Vl/Vr = 1.20, on average, left testes by their areas were 2.7% more than the right, and by volumes – 14.6% respectively.
Comparing the live weight of boars with weight of their testes does not have a logical pattern. The average weight of testes was 0.14% of the live weight of breeding boars. Total volume of ejaculate on a group of boars was 355,3 ± 16,9 ml. The concentration of sperm in the ejaculate was 64,2 ± 4,6 billion, activity – 8,7 ± 0,2 points. The studies found that boars with greater weight of testes produce sperm with more sperm concentration and that's why more sperms in the ejaculate were obtained from them.
Combination of Landrace and Large White breeds is apposite for obtaining precocious pigs with well-developed layer of fat at the 6-7 thoracic vertebra and high level of prolificacy (1,8-1,9 kg).
2
Farantos, Georgios I., and Nikitas-Spiros Koutsoukis. "Greek health system efficiency and productivity: A window DEA and Malmquist method measurement." Journal of Future Sustainability 2, no. 3 (2022): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.jfs.2022.10.001.
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To calculate the change in the values of efficiency and productivity of public hospitals in Greece during the period 2015 to 2019. The calculation of the efficiency values includes the technical, pure and scale efficiency using the window-DEA method and the productivity change using the Malmquist index. The source of the data used to calculate the change in the efficiency of Greek public hospitals is the statistical databases of the Greek Ministry of Health that have resulted from the collection of data through Information Systems in combination with data provided by the Greek Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). The design of the study was based on the realization of a Window DEA study and the calculation of the Malmquist index with its components. The study was designed to measure the change in efficiency and productivity but over a relatively long period of time. The data were obtained from the databases of both financial and operational data of Greek Public Hospitals held by the Greek Ministry of Health and located on the Ministry’s website. Also, additional data were requested and obtained from ELSTAT. The data were examined and those which were appropriate for the conduct of the study were selected. The technical efficiency of Greek hospitals follows a slightly upward trend with ups and downs. Their pure efficiency follows a steady course with ups and downs. Scale efficiency is on an upward course. Productivity exhibits an overall negligible change. The research’s fluctuation of the inputs and outputs determines the change in the values of efficiency and, in combination with technological change, of productivity. During the period under study, the best placement of Greek hospitals on the scale is achieved in terms of their size. Hospital management cannot achieve better utilization of resources. A parallel increase of some of the inputs and outputs prevents increase in the values of technical and pure efficiency. The change in efficiency constrains the change in productivity.
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Pegova, N. "The Reaction of Spring Wheat to the Introduction of Winter Rye Straw in a Crop Rotation With Different Types of Fallow." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/49/22.
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The yield data of spring wheat cultivated in a crop rotation after winter rye with straw entering is presented. The work is part of the research of stationary field experiment on the study of primary tillage systems (factor A): dump (control), and non-moldboard. The experimental design (factor B) represents different types of fallows (2014) in combination with the introduction of winter rye straw in 2015 and 2018: 1 — pure fallow (control); 2 — pure fallow + straw; 3 — pure fallow + cattle manure 60 t/ha; 4 — pure fallow + manure + straw; 5 — green-manured fallow (white mustard) + straw; 6 — green-manured fallow (clover 1 year of use) + straw. Types of fallow with straw are split (factor C) by the addition of nitrogen. The straw introduction in the rotation with clean fallow reduced the wheat yield, regardless of the tillage system and the nitrogen introduction at the beginning of rotation by 4.8%, at the end — 15.6%. The use of green-manured mustard and clover fallows, the manure introduction into fallow reduced the depressive effect of straw on wheat productivity by 4.8–13.3% in comparison with the control, and by 10.2–19.1% in the combination of straw with pure fallow. When straw was re-applied, wheat yield on green-manured fallow was at the control level — pure fallow and was 17.2–15.9% higher than the variant of combining straw with pure fallow. The introduction of straw in combination with manured fallow contributed to the formation of the highest grain yield of spring wheat. Non-moldboard tillage with a surface incorporation of straw contributed to a decrease in wheat productivity by 0.41–0.31 t/ha in comparison with the plowdown of straw. The introduction of nitrogen against this background ensured the formation of spring wheat productivity at the level of dump tillage: 2.78 and 2.88 t/ha. The elimination of nitrogen during non-moldboard tillage significantly reduced the wheat yield.
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Wildeus, Stephan, Tom Murphy, and Dahlia O’Brien. "PSXI-24 Evaluation of Barbados Blackbelly and St. Croix hair sheep under accelerated lambing using purebred and terminal sire mating: Ewe fertility, prolificacy, and productivity." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.859.
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Abstract Objectives were to evaluate ewe performance under an accelerated, pasture-lambing system. Barbados Blackbelly (n = 85) and St. Croix ewes (n = 91) were exposed to rams of their own breed (pure) or Dorset (terminal) in November (2012 and 2014), July (2013 and 2015), and March (2014 and 2016). Traits considered were fertility (i.e., ewes lambing/ewes exposed; n = 670) and number of lambs born (NLB), number of lambs weaned (NLW), and total 65 d adjusted litter weaning weight (LWW; n = 548 each). Data were analyzed with fixed effects of ewe age (1, 1.5, 2 yr, or ≥ 2.5 yr), breed, mating system (pure vs terminal), mating month-year, and the mating system x mating month-year interaction and a random ewe effect. Fertility was greater for Barbados Blackbelly than St. Croix ewes (0.88 vs 0.73; P < 0.01) but ewe breed did not affect any other trait (P ≥ 0.06). The mating system x mating month-year interaction effect impacted all traits (P ≤ 0.03) except NLB (P = 0.09) and performance between mating systems was compared within mating month. Fertility was greater for pure than terminal mated ewes in November (0.96 vs 0.85) and July (0.94 vs 0.53; P ≤ 0.01). Following July mating, both NLB and NLW were greater for pure than terminal mated ewes (1.69 vs 1.37 lambs and 1.43 vs 1.11 lambs, respectively; P < 0.01). However, LWW was greater for terminal than pure mated ewes after November (18.0 vs 15.7 kg) and March mating (18.1 vs 14.2 kg; P ≤ 0.02). Using a terminal sire in landrace hair sheep under accelerated mating generally reduced fertility, NLB, and NLW but improved LWW. The strategic use of terminal sire mating should be considered just during breeding season, or the use of alternative sire breeds should be evaluated.
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Mantino, Alberto, Vittoria Giannini, Cristiano Tozzini, Enrico Bonari, and Giorgio Ragaglini. "The overseeding of two cool-season legumes (Hedysarum coronarium L. and Trifolium incarnatum L.) on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) mature stands increased biomass productivity." Italian Journal of Agronomy 15, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2020.1510.
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In the Mediterranean rainfed systems, perennial warm-season grasses are profitable crops for the production of herbage as forage or feedstock for bioenergy purposes. During summer, when the production of cool-season crops is scarce, warm-season grasses can improve the productivity and stability of forage cropping systems. In Italy, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) can be cultivated for herbage production or as energy crop. The objective of this work was evaluating if relay intercropping with cool-season legumes could be suited to convert a mature stand of switchgrass from energy to dual, energy and forage, production, together with improving the productivity and the quality of the harvestable biomass. All these things considered, a field experiment was carried out in Central Italy, on mature stands of two switchgrass varieties, Alamo and Blackwell, overseeded with two legumes: sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). The intercropping system was compared with fertilized and un-fertilized pure switchgrass stands. After two years of study, data showed that the intercropping increased the total above ground biomass (AGB) productivity. In the second year, the increase in total AGB production for switchgrass mixtures compared with the pure stands was greater for sulla, a biennial legume, than crimson clover.
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Nikolova, Ivelina Mitkova, Nataliya Anastasova Georgieva, and Viliana Marinova Valiseva. "Assessment of the pure sowing of different legumes and in mixtures with grass on productivity and damage level by Sitona spp. and Otiorrhynchus ligustici (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Polish Journal of Entomology 87, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjen-2018-0022.
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Abstract This work examined the impact on productivity of the cultivation system of perennial legumes such as sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), grown pure and in binary mixtures with cocksfoot and on damage caused by root pests of Sitona spp. and Otiorrhynchus ligustici. It was found that the productivities of aboveground and root biomasses in binary mixtures were significantly higher compared to the corresponding legume monocultures on average by 30.7 and 39.7% respectively in mixtures with sainfoin, by 15.0 and 73.1% in mixtures with bird’s-foot trefoil, and by 18.7 and 49.6% in mixtures with alfalfa. The weight of dry aboveground biomass in the pure leguminous crops slightly exceeded that of the corresponding leguminous components in the mixtures, whereas the productivity of cereal plants in mixed crops was significantly lower compared to the pure cocksfoot on average by 38.5, 47.0 and 51.7% in mixtures of sainfoin, bird’s-foot trefoil and alfalfa respectively. A similar tendency was observed with regard to dry root biomass. Damage to nodules by Sitona larvae in mixtures decreased significantly: on average by 33.5% (sainfoin + cocksfoot), by 50.3% (bird’s-foot trefoil + cocksfoot) and by 55.6% (alfalfa + cocksfoot) compared to pure grown legumes. The damage caused by Otiorrhynchus ligustici, as expressed by the length of gnawed furrows, in the mixtures with sainfoin, bird’s-foot trefoil and alfalfa decreased considerably - by 12.5, 77.8 and 59.5%, respectively - compared to the pure crops. The damage caused by the аlfalfa snout beetle had the most significant negative effect on aboveground and root biomass productivities. Mixed cultivation systems of forage crops are an economically and ecologically sustainable method of insect pest control.
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Tomashova, Olga, Nicolay Osenniy, Aleksandr Ilyin, and Lubov Veselova. "Efficiency of cultivation of intermediate cover crops as a biological element of the fertilizer system at no-till in the Crimea." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017509001.
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The aim is to create the fundamental biologization’s components of no-till system in the environment of foothill-steppe Crimea’s area, to explore the effect of different kinds of cover crops on the indications of soil fertility, on the crop productivity and on the seeds’ quality of the agricultural crops in terms of poor and unstable humidification. During the cultivation of the cover crops in no-till system the reserves of available humidity in the thickness of one metre were acceptable after the growing of vicia – 107,6 millimeters and on the control (without the cover crops) – 99,6 millimeters. The least reserves of available for the plants humidity were in the option with winter rape, as in pure form (59,3 millimeters), as in combination with vicia (44,9 millimeters). The highest crop productivity of cover crops’ green mass was in all cases with the using of the multicomponent combination. It exceeds the crop productivity of the cover crops consisting of 1-2 and 3 sping crops more than twice as much and almost more than 10 times – the crop productivity of the winter rye.
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Kalashnikov, V. V. "Highly productive, environmentally pure livestock and aquaculture with given indicators of product quality." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873895532-535.
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The article reports the most important steps toward the development of domestic livestock and aquaculture, involving the production of environmentally-friendly products with desired qualities. Methods for increasing the rate of animal breeding and aquaculture with the latest technologies using modern intellectual systems are considered. The most important steps on the way to a system of normalized nutrition and animal productivity management are discussed. It is shown that the mobilization of the export resource of domestic livestock, the problem of the preservation of biological resources and long-term storage of reproductive material of wild animals. The issues of the relevance of the development of genomic technologies and the biologization of the means of protecting animals, poultry and aquaculture are reports.
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Yadav, Abhinav, Md Saifullah Khalid, Prashant Saini, and Ankit Kumar. "Improvement of solar still productivity by using PCM and other enhancement technique- A review." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v13i1.15s.
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The necessity of pure water is rising each day, causes are population, industrial and agricultural expansion, worldwide. Due to the increasing population of world the fresh water will become more serious problem in the coming days. Hence, people around the world have to work on different and efficient methodology to generate potable water. Solar still is one among these methods acting device. In this paper, a review of using PCM and PCM with other enhancement techniques has been discussed. Use of stearic acid as a PCM below the liner of basin, each day pure water of 9.005kg/m2 per day and 4.998 kg/m2 per day has been found in the company of PCM and not including of PCM respectively. It is observed that solar desalination system in the company of paraffin-CuO is best among the others solar still with paraffin PCM, paraffin-TiO2, paraffin-GO. CuO, TiO2 and GO are the nanoparticles.
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Shareef, Abbas Sahi, Hayder Jabbar Kurji, and Hassan Abdulameer Matrood. "A Review of New Solar Still Design Comprising a Five-Sided Glass Cover and Equipped with an External Tank for PCM." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 877, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/877/1/012038.
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Abstract Various human activities have led to the consumption of large quantities of pure water, which has led researchers to find efficient and economical methods for desalinating seawater and water containing impurities. In this review paper, solar energy where it is permanent, abundant and environmentally friendly, to produce pure water was discussed using a new solar distillation device, representing the paper’s novelty. The distillation was designed and used in the way led to increase efficiency and improve productivity by adding a solar collector to the system and equipped with a tank containing phase change material (PCM). It has a low melting point and can change the phase by absorbing the system’s latent heat to maintain the system’s temperature. Which contributes to increasing the distillation period even after sunset, thus increasing the daily productivity of freshwater. Using phase change materials will increase distillation hours from (3-4) hours after sunset, increasing the amount of production between (75 - 90) %.
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Ijoyah, M. O. "Maize-Soybean Intercropping System: Effects on Striga Control, Grain Yields and Economic Productivity at Tarka, Benue State, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 19 (July 2014): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.19.69.
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On-Farm trials were conducted from July to November during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons, at Tarka, Benue State, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of intercropping maize and soybean on striga control, grain yields and economic productivity. The treatments consisted of sole maize, sole soybean and the intercrop of maize and soybean, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The results obtained showed that intercropping maize and soybean significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced striga shoot count by 55.9 % and 56.1 % respectively, in 2009 and 2010 compared to that produced on pure maize plots. Number of affected maize plants, lodging score of maize and infestation rate were lower for intercropping than for sole maize plots. The severity level was also recorded lower for intercropping compared to that recorded for pure maize stands, where severity level is in the range of high to very high. Though, soybean yield was reduced by intercropping, however, soybean and maize intercropping system increased maize grain yield, total intercrop yield, land equivalent coefficient greater than 0.25, land equivalent ratio values greater than one (LER > 1), higher total intercrop values and monetary equivalent ratio greater than 1.00, indicating yield and economic advantages. The implication of study showed that intercropping maize and soybean can be adopted by farmers as an efficient cropping system strategy to reduce striga infestation, increase maize yield and give greater economic productivity.
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Gacs, Jenő, Wuyuan Zhang, Tanja Knaus, Francesco G. Mutti, Isabel W. C. E. Arends, and Frank Hollmann. "A Photo-Enzymatic Cascade to Transform Racemic Alcohols into Enantiomerically Pure Amines." Catalysts 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040305.
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The consecutive photooxidation and reductive amination of various alcohols in a cascade reaction were realized by the combination of a photocatalyst and several enzymes. Whereas the photocatalyst (sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate) mediated the light-driven, aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, the enzymes (various ω-transaminases) catalyzed the enantio-specific reductive amination of the intermediate aldehydes and ketones. The system worked in a one-pot one-step fashion, whereas the productivity was significantly improved by switching to a one-pot two-step procedure. A wide range of aliphatic and aromatic compounds was transformed into the enantiomerically pure corresponding amines via the photo-enzymatic cascade.
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Ijoyah, M. O. "Maize-Soybean Intercropping System: Effects on <i>Striga</i> Control, Grain Yields and Economic Productivity at Tarka, Benue State, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 19 (July 16, 2014): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ql96t7.
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On-Farm trials were conducted from July to November during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons, at Tarka, Benue State, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of intercropping maize and soybean on striga control, grain yields and economic productivity. The treatments consisted of sole maize, sole soybean and the intercrop of maize and soybean, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The results obtained showed that intercropping maize and soybean significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced striga shoot count by 55.9 % and 56.1 % respectively, in 2009 and 2010 compared to that produced on pure maize plots. Number of affected maize plants, lodging score of maize and infestation rate were lower for intercropping than for sole maize plots. The severity level was also recorded lower for intercropping compared to that recorded for pure maize stands, where severity level is in the range of high to very high. Though, soybean yield was reduced by intercropping, however, soybean and maize intercropping system increased maize grain yield, total intercrop yield, land equivalent coefficient greater than 0.25, land equivalent ratio values greater than one (LER > 1), higher total intercrop values and monetary equivalent ratio greater than 1.00, indicating yield and economic advantages. The implication of study showed that intercropping maize and soybean can be adopted by farmers as an efficient cropping system strategy to reduce striga infestation, increase maize yield and give greater economic productivity.
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Sciarrone, Danilo, Sebastiano Pantò, Paola Donato, and Luigi Mondello. "Improving the productivity of a multidimensional chromatographic preparative system by collecting pure chemicals after each of three chromatographic dimensions." Journal of Chromatography A 1475 (December 2016): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.013.
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Dhivagar, R., and S. Sundararaj. "A Review on Methods of Productivity Improvement in Solar Desalination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 877 (February 2018): 414–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.414.
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Population density and automation is the main reason for the demand of drinking water. Water purification without affecting an ecosystem is the important need for daily life. Desalination is the best and effective way to satisfy the demand of fresh water. It is the most effective application of the solar energy. There are many conventional and non-conventional techniques available to make drinking water from the saline water. Among these solar desalination proves to be both economical and eco-friendly system particularly for rural areas. Solar stills are simple device which is used to provide pure water from the saline water by the principle of evaporation and condensation. This article reviews on the several research done on the solar stills to enhance productivity. Different designs of solar still and energy storage materials have been used to increase the yield and also this study proved the fact that efficiency of the solar still is majorly influenced by design and operating parameters.
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Laborda, Leopoldo, and Daniel Sotelsek. "Effects of Road Infrastructure on Employment, Productivity and Growth: An Empirical Analysis at Country Level." Journal of Infrastructure Development 11, no. 1-2 (June 2019): 81–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974930619879573.
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This article estimates the effect of transport infrastructure at country level, on employment, productivity (total factor productivity (TFP), and their components technical efficiency–pure and the scale—and technological change) and economic growth, using a dynamic panel approach. We focus on two broad categories of transport infrastructure: (1) road density and (2) road paved. Using dynamic panel GMM system estimation, we find positive effects of road density and road paved on total factor productivity (TFP) in countries with middle low and low income (using parametric and non-parametric estimations). On the other hand, and taking into account the Deng’s hypothesis of a nonlinearity relationship between transport infrastructure and economic growth (Deng, 2013, Transport Reviews 33(6): 686–99), we found empirical evidence about a Kuznets curve when we consider the percentage of roads paved. In countries with middle low and low income, we also found a Kuznets curve between road density and unemployment. JEL Classification: H54, R42, O47, O4, C23
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V. I. Donenko, O. M. Nazarenko, I. A. Nazarenko, M. P. Marchenko, and V. P. Sulima. "Technical advantages of the city sedimentation water reconstruction system." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency, no. 45 (October 16, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2020.45.26-36.
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The work designs a system of production components of urban infrastructure to create an energy efficient city. Hydraulic, hydrological, heat exchange processes of interaction of water structure and elements of treatment structures for centrifugal deposition of suspended matter have been investigated. Depending on the degree of contamination, devices for resource recovery are calculated. The duration of recovery operations was investigated. The technological cycle of re-water recovery and the number of cycles of cavitation generator for controlled conditioning of conditionally clean and dirty waters have been determined. Reverse osmosis devices for the recovery of conditionally pure water have been investigated. Categorized potential effluents of industrial waters as appropriate for restoration. Samples of experimental sediments for the needs of the construction industry at operating and supercritical modes of operation of the technological stream were obtained. A mathematical model of the productivity of irrigation of agro-centers in drought conditions with drip irrigation by repeated water has been developed.
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Anisimova, E., and Petr Katmakov. "The genotypic composition of the herd of black-motley breed and phenotypic characteristic in connection with Holsteinization." Agrarian Bulletin of the 193, no. 2 (March 15, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-193-2-37-43.
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Abstract. The article presents the results of using the genetic potential of the Holstein breed to improve black-and-white cattle. The purpose of the research was to analyze the influence of Holstein on the genetic structure of the herd and its milk productivity for the subsequent use of the results of the analysis in breeding and breeding work with animals. The objects of research were pure-bred animals of black-motley breed and crossbreeds of different genotypes from their crosses with bulls-producers of Holstein breed. Methods. The work used data from zootechnical and pedigree farm accounting, appraisal of livestock. Reliability of the origin of animals and the genetic structure of the herd was established by immunogenetic examination of the blood group systems (antigenic composition and alleles of the B-system). Results. It was established that under the same conditions of feeding and keeping, the milk productivity of the crossbred cows for the first lactation, depending on the blood content in the Holstein breed, was 97–550 kg more milk than pure-bred peers of black-motley breed. The most desirable for further breeding work are the genotypes of 5/8 and 3/4 blood animals. The use of Holstein bulls in this herd led to a significant change in the concentration of individual antigens and alleles of the B-system of blood groups in animals in comparison with the population of black-motley cattle. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the Saratov region, studies were conducted to assess the population of black-motley cows and their Holstein crossbreeds by a set of economically useful traits and the efficiency of their breeding.
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Sissoko, Fagaye, Amadou Traore, Sidiki Diarra, and Mamadou Traore. "Effet de l’insertion des plantes de couverture sur la productivité du système de culture à base de maïs dans le cadre de l’intégration agriculture-élevage." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 7 (December 7, 2020): 2599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i7.18.
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En zone soudano-sahélienne, la productivité des cultures est limitée par les effets néfastes du changement climatique et la pauvreté des sols. L’insertion des plantes de couverture dans les systèmes de production pourrait être une alternative d’amélioration des rendements et de la biomasse. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la pratique conventionnelle de la culture du maïs a été comparée pendant cinq années (2014-2018), à quatre systèmes de culture associant des plantes de couverture. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé a été un bloc de Fisher avec 6 traitements en 4 répétitions. Les résultats ont montré que l’insertion du Cajanus cajan, du Stylosanthes hamata, du Brachiaria ruziziensis et Mucuna cochinchinensis dans un système de culture à base du maïs permet d’améliorer la production de biomasse fourragère sans négativement affecter son rendement. Utilisée dans la supplémentation des animaux, la biomasse produite peut nourrir pendant 90 jours 7 unités de bétail tropical (UBT) en culture pure du maïs et 8 à 13 unités de bétail tropical (UBT) en fonction du type de plantes de couverture. Dans le cadre de la production fumure organique, les mêmes tendances de variations ont été obtenues en fonction des systèmes de culture. L’insertion des plantes de couverture est un élément intégrateur agriculture-élevage.Mots clés : Changement climatique, maïs, légumineuse, biomasse fourragère, zone Soudano-sahélienne, Mali
English Title: Cover crop insertion effect on productivity of maize-based cropping system in the context of crop-livestock integrationIn Sudano-Sahelian zone, crop productivity is limited by climate change effect and poor soils. Inserting cover crops into production systems could be an alternative to improve yields and biomass. To achieve this goal, conventional practice of maize cultivation was compared over a five-year period (2014-2018) with four cropping systems using cover crops. The experimental design used was a Fisher block with 6 treatments in 4 replicates. The results showed that the insertion of Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes hamata, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna cochinchinensis in a maize-based cropping system improves biomass production without negatively affecting its yield. Used in animal supplementation, the biomass produced can feed 7 Tropical Livestock Units (UBT) of pure maize crop and 8 to 13 UBT for 90 days, depending on the type of cover crop. In the case of organic manure production, the same variations were obtained depending on cropping systems. The insertion of cover crops in cropping system is an integrating agriculture-livestock component.Keywords: Climate change, maize, legumes, fodder biomass, fodder biomass, Sudano-Sahelian zone, Mali.
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Gessesse, Belay, Takashi Nagaike, Koji Nagata, Yoshihiro Shimizu, and Takuya Ueda. "G-Protein Coupled Receptor Protein Synthesis on a Lipid Bilayer Using a Reconstituted Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System." Life 8, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8040054.
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Membrane proteins are important drug targets which play a pivotal role in various cellular activities. However, unlike cytosolic proteins, most of them are difficult-to-express proteins. In this study, to synthesize and produce sufficient quantities of membrane proteins for functional and structural analysis, we used a bottom-up approach in a reconstituted cell-free synthesis system, the PURE system, supplemented with artificial lipid mimetics or micelles. Membrane proteins were synthesized by the cell-free system and integrated into lipid bilayers co-translationally. Membrane proteins such as the G-protein coupled receptors were expressed in the PURE system and a productivity ranging from 0.04 to 0.1 mg per mL of reaction was achieved with a correct secondary structure as predicted by circular dichroism spectrum. In addition, a ligand binding constant of 27.8 nM in lipid nanodisc and 39.4 nM in micelle was obtained by surface plasmon resonance and the membrane protein localization was confirmed by confocal microscopy in giant unilamellar vesicles. We found that our method is a promising approach to study the different classes of membrane proteins in their native-like artificial lipid bilayer environment for functional and structural studies.
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Nema, Garima, and K. Karunamurthy. "A comprehensive review on the productivity enhancement of a solar desalination system through parameters and techniques." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 850, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012040.
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Abstract Water is an extremely essential life liquid for livings existence. In healthy habitats, hygiene of water is hold up by holy God Sun himself, within the water cycle, in a habitual natural way. In spite of this, inadequate quantity and quality of pure potable water emerge on earth’s crust. Water pollution is also producing problems in view of increasing infrastructure and industrialization. So, in this fast-growing era water crisis is a critical consequence. To cope with the clean water scarcity desalination process with solar power is a dynamic steaming process. In this process we have developed synergy with eternal renewable energy from everlasting sun with combination of energy efficient solar stills and other systems. This manuscript meticulously measures a comprehensive review of the classification and impact of various parameters on the still performance such as meteorological, maintenance, and design. It also contains conclusive influence on the yield of distilled water due to different arrangement, coupling with a preheated collector, prototype designs, and economic evaluation. It depicts a comparative analysis which comprises of modification and innovation technique of various designs of solar still and integration of other solar devices, resulting in high productivity, efficiency, and less capital and maintenance cost.
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YENER, Hüseyin. "Cost-benefit analysis of ergonomics-sustainability projects with analytic hierarchy process." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 10, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 1218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i4.2115.
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Today, sustainability gets a top priority on the agenda of the shortage of natural resources and regulations. Managers seek how to give minimum damage to the environment while keeping productivity. Ergonomics has an answer to trying to smooth the relationships between man and the elements of a system to optimize the whole system's performance and human satisfaction. Ergonomics and sustainability have common areas of interest in putting a man into the centre. Managers always seek ways to improve productivity but investing in employee wellness is often ignored. They are hesitant to fund projects like ergonomics and environmental until savings are proven. The proposed model in this study using Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) together may convince the decision makers to approve the ergonomics or environmental projects easily, which are seen as a pure expense at first.
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Klimek-Kopyra, Agnieszka, Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner, Tomasz Gląb, Andrzej Oleksy, and Tadeusz Zając. "Impact of crop stand, Rhizobium inoculation, and foliar fertilization on pea root parameters." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 71, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2020-0008.
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SummaryEcological intensification of crop production involves the use of intercrops and the rational use of inoculation and fertilization in case of intercrops including legume species. The root system plays an important role in the productivity of crops. Therefore, effects of the inoculation treatments (Nitragina) or foliar fertilization (Photrel) or a combination of both were assessed on root parameters of pea grown as pure stand or intercrops with linseed or wheat in a 3-year experiment in Poland. Crop stand composition influenced the root parameters of pea with a higher root length density (RLD) in the root fractions of 0.1–1 mm of pea in pea/linseed intercrops than in the pure stand, a higher mean root diameter (MRD) in pure pea and intercrops of pea with linseed than with wheat, and also a tendency of a higher root dry matter (RDM) in pure pea and pea/linseed than in pea/wheat in 2 out of the 3 years. RLD was higher with Photrel than with Nitragina in root fractions of 0.1–0.5 mm. Treatments did not affect the MRD, but a combination of Nitragina + Photrel increased the RDM in 1 year. Intercropping of pea with linseed and the application of a foliar fertilizer might be a strategy to improve pea root characteristics.
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Papandrea, Salvatore F., Stanimir Stoilov, Georgi Angelov, Tanya Panicharova, Piotr S. Mederski, and Andrea R. Proto. "Modeling Productivity and Estimating Costs of Processor Tower Yarder in Shelterwood Cutting of Pine Stand." Forests 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020195.
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Cable-based yarding technology has had a long tradition on steep slopes in Europe, and the new implementation of yarding functions in recent decades favored operational efficiency and lower extraction costs. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Syncrofalke 3t truck-mounted Processor Tower Yarder (PTY) on steep terrain, in coniferous forests managed with the shelterwood system. In particular, the aim was to determine PTY productivity and costs, with attention to parameters that could increase PTY effectiveness. The study was carried out in the Sredna Gora Mountains, Central Bulgaria, in pure Scots pine stand, with trees of average DBH = 34 cm and height = 22 m. The study was carried out in six corridors with 120 work cycles of tree extraction up the hill, 28° (53%). The mean productivity of PTY was 15.20 m3 per productive machine hour (PMH) and 12.29 m3 per scheduled machine hour (SMH) and was mainly influenced by the productivity of the yarder unit. Under the given conditions, the performance of PTY significantly increased if more than one tree (at least two trees) were attached and extracted per yarder cycle, since the productivity of the processor was approximately twice that of the yarder. The gross costs of the studied PTY were calculated at 297.48 EUR PMH−1 and 16.17 EUR m−3. The variable costs (75%) predominate in the net costs distribution, followed by the fixed costs (15%) and the labor costs (10%). The time, productivity and cost results obtained showed the high efficiency and level of integration of PTY operations in order to achieve economic efficiency of logging in montane pine forest managed in a shelterwood system.
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Shafirah, Samsuri, Amran Nurul Aini, Norzita Ngadi, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, and Jusoh Mazura. "Effect of Circulation Flowrate on the Performance of a Spiral Finned Freeze Concentrator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.455.
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Progressive freeze concentration (PFC) has emerged as a viable technology for concentration of liquid solution. In this study, a newly designed spiral finned crystallizer to improve productivity of PFC process was proposed. The spiral fin is presented based on the advantage of additional surface area to the spiral finned crystallizer. The performance of spiral finned crystallizer was analysed by the system efficiency and the effect of circulation flowrate. It was found that the efficiency of the system has significantly improved in terms of a lower effective partition constant and a higher recovered solute. An effective partition constant of 0.35 and a recovered solute of approximately 0.96 g of glucose per 1 g of initial glucose were obtained. Thus, spiral finned crystallizer for PFC system is evidently an effective system to concentrate solution and to produce pure ice crystal.
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Palmerín-Carreño, Dulce, Dania Martínez-Alarcón, José Luis Dena-Beltrán, Lineth Juliana Vega-Rojas, Alejandro Blanco-Labra, Antonio Escobedo-Reyes, and Teresa García-Gasca. "Optimization of a Recombinant Lectin Production in Pichia pastoris Using Crude Glycerol in a Fed-Batch System." Processes 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050876.
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The production of heterologous proteins for medical use is an important area of interest. The optimization of the bioprocesses includes the improvement of time, costs, and unit operations. Our study shows that a lectin fraction from Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) (TBLF) has cytotoxic effects on colon cancer cells and in vivo antitumorigenic activity. However, the low-yield, time-consuming, and expensive process made us focus on the development of a strategy to obtain a recombinant lectin using engineered Pichia pastoris yeast. Pure glycerol is one of the most expensive supplies; therefore, we worked on process optimization using crude glycerol from biodiesel production. Recombinant lectin (rTBL-1) production and purification were evaluated for the first time by an experimental design where crude glycerol (G65) was used and compared against pure glycerol (G99) in a controlled stirred-tank bioreactor with a fed-batch system. The recombinant lectin was detected and identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, and UHPLC–ESI–QTOF/MS analysis. The results show that the recombinant lectin can be produced from G65 with no significant differences with respect to G99: the reaction rates were 2.04 and 1.43 mg L−1 h−1, and the yields were 264.95 and 274.67 mgL−1, respectively. The current low cost of crude glycerol and our results show the possibility of producing heterologous proteins using this substrate with high productivity.
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Broodryk, G. J. "Computerized program for information management in the modern water laboratory." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 21, no. 2 (September 28, 2002): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v21i2.228.
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There is a great demand for pure water that is fit for human consumption. There is also a great demand for the industrial use of this essential source in plants in order to supply certain products to consumers. The industrial use of water is often associated with water pollution and the polluted water is often discharged into rivers and natural streams. The increasing demand for the chemical monitoring of water qualities therefore emphasizes the importance of an efficient and workable management system to remain profitable and competitive in a fast growing industry. The integrated laboratory information management system (ILIMS) is developed by the authors to increase productivity by integrating the documentation relevant to safety and environmental conservation, human resources, personnel training and development, and quality.
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El-Marghany, Mohamed R., Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany Salem, Mohamed Nabil Sabry, and Norhan Nady. "Novel Membrane Suitable for Membrane Distillation: Effect of Mixed Nanofillers on the Membrane Performance." Key Engineering Materials 801 (May 2019): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.801.325.
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The aim of the present work is to investigate the performance of a newly fabricated membrane used for the membrane distillation process. Both titanium dioxide nanorods and multi-walled carbon nanotubes together were dispersed inside Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membrane. Both pure PVDF-HFP and its composite membrane with the two fillers together PVDF-HFP/TiO2-CNTs were fabricated using electrospinning technique and were imaged by using SEM. Both the fiber diameter and the average pore diameter were calculated by using ImageJ software. Static water contact angle, membrane porosity, liquid enter pressure were determined. Moreover, the membrane performance was determined by using membrane distillation (MD) system for desalination. The effect of the feed conditions such as feed temperature, flow rate, and salt concentration, were studied. The obtained results confirm the improvement in the membrane productivity up to 46% at 9000 ppm sodium chloride concentration and by about 13.7% than the pure polymeric membrane at the highest used feed sodium chloride concentration (36000 ppm).
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J. Brown, Michael, Arun Subramanian, Timothy B. Curry, Daryl J. Kor, Steven L. Moran, and Thomas R. Rohleder. "Improving operating room productivity via parallel anesthesia processing." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 27, no. 8 (October 7, 2014): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-11-2013-0129.
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Purpose – Parallel processing of regional anesthesia may improve operating room (OR) efficiency in patients undergoes upper extremity surgical procedures. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether performing regional anesthesia outside the OR in parallel increases total cases per day, improve efficiency and productivity. Design/methodology/approach – Data from all adult patients who underwent regional anesthesia as their primary anesthetic for upper extremity surgery over a one-year period were used to develop a simulation model. The model evaluated pure operating modes of regional anesthesia performed within and outside the OR in a parallel manner. The scenarios were used to evaluate how many surgeries could be completed in a standard work day (555 minutes) and assuming a standard three cases per day, what was the predicted end-of-day time overtime. Findings – Modeling results show that parallel processing of regional anesthesia increases the average cases per day for all surgeons included in the study. The average increase was 0.42 surgeries per day. Where it was assumed that three cases per day would be performed by all surgeons, the days going to overtime was reduced by 43 percent with parallel block. The overtime with parallel anesthesia was also projected to be 40 minutes less per day per surgeon. Research limitations/implications – Key limitations include the assumption that all cases used regional anesthesia in the comparisons. Many days may have both regional and general anesthesia. Also, as a case study, single-center research may limit generalizability. Practical implications – Perioperative care providers should consider parallel administration of regional anesthesia where there is a desire to increase daily upper extremity surgical case capacity. Where there are sufficient resources to do parallel anesthesia processing, efficiency and productivity can be significantly improved. Originality/value – Simulation modeling can be an effective tool to show practice change effects at a system-wide level.
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TRIPATHI, G., S. RAM, B. M. SHARMA, and G. SINGH. "Soil faunal biodiversity and nutrient status in silvopastoral systems of Indian desert." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 2 (June 2005): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002109.
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Decrease in productivity of pastureland is a common problem in dry areas and needs to be enhanced through conservation and management of soil biodiversity and available plant resources. Diversity and population dynamics of soil arthropods, and soil nutrients were studied in different silvopastoral (tree-integrated grassland) systems for effective management and enhancement of grassland productivity. The most prominent combinations of trees and grasses in silvopastoral systems of the selected sites were Prosopis cineraria with Cenchrus ciliaris and C. biflorus (PC), Acacia nilotica with Elusine compressa and C. ciliaris (AN), Zizyphus nummularia with C. ciliaris and E. compressa (ZN), Capparis decidua with C. biflorus and Digitaria marginatus (CD) and A. senegal with C. ciliaris and D. marginatus (AS). Pure grass blocks outside tree canopy were selected as control plots. Acari, Myriapoda, Coleoptera, Isoptera, Collembola and other soil arthropods were the major soil faunal groups. Relative densities of Acari, Myriapoda and other arthropods were highest in silvopastoral systems and those of Coleoptera, Isoptera and Collembola were highest in pure grass plots. Variations in soil arthropod populations in response to rainfall, soil water content and soil temperature indicated greater sensitivity of these groups to environmental factors. The highest densities and negative relative tree effect (RTE) values of Acari, Myriapoda and other soil arthropods in the ZN, Coleoptera in the AS, Isoptera in the CD and Collembola in the AN systems indicated that these soil arthropods preferred the silvopastoral systems involved. Seasonal variations in soil organic matter and available NH4-N, NO3-N and PO4-P were similar to those of soil arthropods. The concentrations of soil nutrients were highest in the ZN system, which had the highest densities of soil arthropods. The other systems with high populations and soil nutrient status were the CD and AS. Silvopastoral systems based on Z. nummularia, C. decidua and A. senegal promoted soil arthropod populations and enhanced soil nutrient status, highlighting the positive role of tree presence and the need for proper management to promote soil biodiversity, nutrient cycling and sustained production in a fragile environment.
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SINGH, RAMAN JEET, I. P. S. AHLAWAT, and KULDEEP KUMAR. "PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF THE TRANSGENIC COTTON–WHEAT PRODUCTION SYSTEM THROUGH PEANUT INTERCROPPING AND FYM ADDITION." Experimental Agriculture 49, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479713000197.
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SUMMARYThe cotton–wheat production system (CWPS) occupies an important place in the agricultural economy of several South Asian countries. The instability of the CWPS has increased particularly during the post-transgenic hybrids phase mainly because of these hybrids calling for intensive crop management being cultivated under all situations, especially in resource-poor conditions leading to violent fluctuations during adverse years and thereby affecting the socio-economic status of these developing countries. A study was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effect of the two-tier intercropping of cotton and peanut with the substitution of a 25–50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) of cotton by farmyard manure (FYM) on productivity, profitability and nitrogen economy in the CWPS at New Delhi during 2006–08. To quantify the residual effects of previous crops and their fertility levels, a succeeding crop of wheat was grown with varying rates of nitrogen, viz. 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1. Wheat equivalent productivity was significantly more with the inclusion of peanut in the CWPS (21–26%) with a high net return (US$288) than a pure stand of cotton in the CWPS. The substitution of 25% RDN of cotton by FYM being on par with no substitution recorded a higher wheat equivalent yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, net return and nitrogen use efficiencies. Nitrogen economy in wheat was 22 kg ha−1 due to inclusion of peanut in the CWPS and 13 kg ha−1 due to substitution of the 25% RDN of cotton by FYM. The study suggested that for the success of the CWPS in South Asian countries, escalating prices of N fertilizers with environmental issues and the instability of transgenic hybrids can be overcome by using wider rows of cotton by peanut intercrop with the integrated use of both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen.
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Saputro, Arief, Nuhfil Hanani, and Fahriyah Fahriyah. "Performance of Sugarcane Farming Ratoon System in East Java Province." HABITAT 32, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2021.032.2.11.
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The fulfillment of national sugar consumption needs cannot be achieved by domestic production. Increase sugar cane production to fulfill the availability of sugar in Indonesia, one of which in the central production area of East Java is still constrained by many sugarcane farmers who are doing ratoon system more than three times, so the productivity is low. This study aimed to analyze the performance sugarcane farming ratoon system in East Java by looking at technical efficiency and scale efficiency using the non-parametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Sampling in this study used multistage random sampling in Kediri, Malang, and Mojokerto Districts. The average total technical efficiency (TE CRS) of farmers with 1-3 ratoons is 0.754, the pure technical efficiency (TE VRS) is 0.817, and the scale efficiency is 0.926. The average TE CRS of farmers with 4-6 ratoons is 0.693, TE VRS is 0.814, and the scale efficiency is 0.860. For farmers who do more than seven ratoons, an average TE CRS is 0.609, TE VRS is 0.693, and scale efficiency is 0.894. The majority of sugarcane farmers at the research site have not been on an optimal business scale, namely in IRS conditions.
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Sharma, A. R. "Effect of seed rate and row spacing on the performance of early and late maturing rice cultivars in mixed crop systems under intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm)." Journal of Agricultural Science 122, no. 2 (April 1994): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087372.
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SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted in 1990 and 1991 under intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm) at Cuttack, India with two rice cultivars - Banaprabha, a semi-tall (130 cm), short duration (95 days), upland cultivar and Gayatri, a photosensitive, semi-dwarf (100 cm), lowland cultivar of long duration (170 days). The cultivars were direct-sown either in pure stands using 400 seeds/m2 at 20 cm row spacing or in mixed stands composed of alternate rows sown with 200, 300 or 400 seeds/m2 each at 10, 15 or 20 cm inter-row spacing. Mixed-row cropping of Banaprabha and Gayatri produced 17–21% higher grain yield than a pure crop of Gayatri. Panicles/m2 increased with higher seed rate and decreased with wider row spacing but a reverse trend was observed in panicle weight. Maximum grain yield was obtained at a row spacing of 15 cm but the effect of varying seed rates at each row spacing was non-significant. Gayatri produced up to 82% of its pure crop yield and contributed up to 70% of the total yield in the mixed crop system. Therefore, the yield advantage under mixed cropping was due to the late maturing cultivar benefitting from the increased area available after the harvest of the early cultivar. A crop stand using 200–300 seeds/m2 of each cultivar at a 15 cm row spacing was found to achieve the optimum productivity from the mixed cropping system.
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Sawhney, A. P. S., and L. B. Kimmel. "Air and Ring Combination in Tandem Spinning." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 3 (March 1997): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700310.
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With the objective of boosting ring spinning productivity, a new tandem spinning system combining air-jet and ring spinning technologies in continuous tandem is investigated. In this “air-plus-ring” tandem spinning system, a drafted roving strand as it emerges from the front roller nip feeds into a single- or dual-jet air nozzle where it is subjected to a vortex of compressed air, producing a pneumatically entangled, false-twisted, partially strengthened strand. This so-called prefabricated, air-bolstered strand continuously feeds into a standard ring spinning zone and is ultimately spun into a novel, single-component yarn. By spinning a few cotton and cotton-blend yarns with the lowest practical twist levels possible on both the tandem and conventional ring spinning systems, we show that a tandem spun yarn can be produced with a relatively lower (true ring) twist level than a pure ring spun yarn. To an extent, the tandem spinning's air-bolstering action reinforces the drafted fibrous strand, contributing to yarn formation and hence character. Since ring spinning productivity is inversely proportional to yarn twist level, the relatively lower twist level required in tandem spinning allows a proportionately higher yarn production speed (in some cases, up to 50% faster than the conventional ring spinning), while maintaining spindle speed at the traditional, optimum level imposed by the limiting traveler speed. Tandem spun yarns, however, are somewhat different from, and generally weaker than, conventional ring spun yarns. This paper briefly describes a prototype of the new tandem spinning system developed on a laboratory Spintester, and shows spinning parameters and properties of a few yarns produced on both the tandem arid conventional ring spinning systems, each employing the traditional (maximum) optimum spindle speed of 10,000 rpm for a given 5.0 cm (2 inch) diameter ring.
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Wittchen, H. U., M. Fuetsch, H. Sonntag, N. Müller, and M. Liebowitz. "Disability and quality of life in pure and comorbid social phobia. Findings from a controlled study." European Psychiatry 15, no. 1 (2000): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00211-x.
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SummarySocial phobia is increasingly recognized as a prevalent and socially impairing mental disorder. However, little data is available regarding the general and disease-specific impairments and disabilities associated with social phobia. Furthermore, most studies have not controlled for the confounding effects of comorbid conditions.This study investigates: (a) the generic quality of life; (b) work productivity; and, (c) various other disorder-specific social impairments in current cases with pure (n = 65), comorbid (n = 51) and subthreshold (n = 34) DSM-IV social phobia as compared to controls with no social phobia (subjects with a history of herpes infections).Social phobia cases reported a mean illness duration of 22.9 years with onset in childhood or adolescence. Current quality of life, as assessed by the SF-36, was significantly reduced in all social phobia groups, particularly in the scales measuring vitality, general health, mental health, role limitations due to emotional health, and social functioning. Comorbid cases revealed more severe reductions than pure and subthreshold social phobics. Findings from the Liebowitz self-rated disability scale indicated that: (a) social phobia affects most areas of life, but in particular education, career, and romantic relationship; (b) the presence of past and current comorbid conditions increases the frequency and severity of disease-specific impairments; and, (c) subthreshold social phobia revealed slightly lower overall impairments than comorbid social phobics. Past-week work productivity of social phobics was significantly diminished as indicated by: (a) a three-fold higher rate of unemployed cases; (b) elevated rates of work hours missed due to social phobia problems; and (c) a reduced work performance.Overall, these findings underline that social phobia in our sample of adults, whether comorbid, subthreshold, or pure was a persisting and impairing condition, resulting in considerable subjective suffering and negative impact on work performance and social relationships. The current disabilities and impairments were usually less pronounced than in the past, presumably due to adaptive behaviors in life style of the respondents. Data also confirmed that social phobia is poorly recognized and rarely treated by the mental health system.
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Wittchen, HU, M. Fuetsch, H. Sonntag, N. Müller, and M. Liebowitz. "Disability and quality of life in pure and comorbid social phobia – Findings from a controlled study." European Psychiatry 14, no. 3 (June 1999): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80729-9.
Full textAbstract:
SummarySocial phobia is increasingly recognized as a prevalent and socially impairing mental disorder. However, little data is available regarding the general and disease-specific impairments and disabilities associated with social phobia. Furthermore, most studies have not controlled for the confounding effects of comorbid conditions.This study investigates: (a) the generic quality of life; (b) work productivity; and, (c) various other disorder-specific social impairments in current cases with pure (n = 65), comorbid (n = 51) and subthreshold (n = 34) DSM-IIIR social phobia as compared to controls with no social phobia (subjects with a history of herpes infections).Social phobia cases reported a mean illness duration of 22.9 years with onset in childhood or adolescence. Current quality of life, as assessed by the SF-36, was significantly reduced in all social phobia groups, particularly in the scales measuring vitality, general health, mental health, role limitations due to emotional health, and social functioning. Comorbid cases revealed more severe reductions than pure and subthreshold social phobics. Findings from the Liebowitz self-rated disability scale indicated that: (a) social phobia affects most areas of life, but in particular education, career, and romantic relationship; (b) the presence of past and current comorbid conditions increases the frequency of disease-specific impairments; and, (c) subthreshold social phobia revealed slightly lower overall impairments than comorbid social phobics. Past week work productivity of social phobics was significantly diminished as indicated by: (a) a three-fold higher rate of unemployed cases; (b) elevated rates of work hours missed due to social phobia problems; and, (c) a reduced work performance.Overall, these findings underline that social phobia in our sample of adults, whether comorbid, subthreshold, or pure was a persisting and impairing condition, resulting in considerable subjective suffering and negative impact on work performance and social relationships. The current disabilities and impairments were usually less pronounced than in the past, presumably due to adaptive behaviors in life style of the respondents. Data also confirmed that social phobia is poorly recognized and rarely treated by the mental health system.
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Grzywiński, Witold, Rafał Turowski, Bartłomiej Naskrent, Tomasz Jelonek, and Arkadiusz Tomczak. "The Impact of Season on Productivity and Time Consumption in Timber Harvesting from Young Alder Stands in Lowland Poland." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101081.
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The purpose of this study was to establish the impact of season on productivity, labour consumption, and working time structure during timber harvesting from young alder stands (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.). An early thinning process was performed in summer and winter in pure alder stands (38 and 40 years old) in the Płaska Forest Division (NE Poland). The felling and processing operations were performed by experienced loggers using the cut-to-length (CTL) system, and forwarding with manual loading and unloading involved the use of a Zetor 7045 (65 HP) farming tractor and trailer. In both summer and winter, the loggers spent most of their labour time on felling trees (approx. 23%) and bucking (approx. 36%). Assistant loggers spent most of their time stacking logs (49.2% in summer and 58% in winter). The most time-consuming activities in forwarding were loading, unloading, and transportation. The average time consumption of tree felling and processing amounted to 0.36 ± 0.11 h/m3; that of forwarding was lower, at 0.24 ± 0.07 h/m3. No statistically significant differences in the labour consumption of tree felling were identified between winter and summer (p = 0.863). For forwarding, labour consumption was significantly higher in winter (0.28 h/m3) than in summer (0.19 h/m3, p = 0.001). Average productivity was 3.02 ± 1.09 m3/h for tree felling and 4.76 ± 1.80 m3/h for forwarding. The productivity of felling was similar in winter (2.83 m3/h) and in summer (3.22 m3/h). For forwarding, productivity was significantly higher in summer (5.70 m3/h) than in winter (3.81 m3/h, p < 0.01).
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Kulakova, Ekaterina, and Aleksey Chernodubov. "PRODUCTIVITY OF RED OAK CULTURES OF KURDZHIP DISTRICT FORESTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-69-73.
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The results of a study of red oak crops located on the territory of the Kurdzhip precinct forestry of the Republic of Adygea (western part of the North Caucasus) are presented. The characteristic of red oak, as a tree species, is less demanding on soil conditions compared to other forest-forming species and has high decorative properties, due to which it is used alone for planting in open areas, as a hedge along roads, individual tracts in parks, squares in the form of oak groves. It goes well both in pure stands and in combination with pine, beech, hornbeam, elm, ash, linden, mountain ash, maple. It is able to grow on sandy loam and loamy podzolic soils without stagnant moisture, mainly along river banks. It grows poorly on calcareous and moist soils. Due to its well-developed root system, wood is resistant to wind. Red oak is characterized by good resistance to damage by entomo - and phyto pests [1, 5]. The paper analyzes the taxation indicators of red oak and related species crops, and plots of growth progress along the height and diameter of the crops are constructed. The growth and productivity advantage of the oak over red oak has been established.
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Tiutiunnyk, Hanna. "Economic and environmental aspects of organization the territory of ecologically clean agricultural land." Economics, ecology, socium 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2018.2.1-6.
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Introduction. The foundation of the creation of ecologically clean land masses is the economic organization of the territory. The leading component of ecologically safe land use is the need to determine the suitability of land soils for the cultivation of raion crops and the maintenance of maximum soil quality adapted to the quality of crop rotation.
Aim and tasks. In the article the purpose of planning the organization of land mass structures is determined. The task of the internal land management is to formulate a strategy for using land masses that would maximally focus on the actions of land users in optimizing, transforming and using land to the natural conditions of the region.
Research results. Measures to create ecologically pure land masses are carried out directly at agricultural enterprises, therefore, agricultural land use is a prerequisite for them. The organization of agricultural land use envisages for business entities, the establishment of a warehouse, the transformation of lands and conservation of degraded and low productivity land, which at the present stage has become the most effective factor in the environmental optimization of land use. Agroecological organization of the territory includes measures on four systemic properties of agroecosystems: productivity, stability, stability and uniformity. All four properties are interrelated in agroecosystems. Without these links it is impossible to organize the territory in order to create conditions for rational use and protection of land, which is demanded by the agricultural land management system.
Conclusion. In the article the necessity of characterization of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of lands is grounded in order to find out the influence of the creation of the land mass and the appearance of possible dangers. The basic stages of the transition to environmentally safe agriculture and the formation of ecologically clean land masses have been determined. The types of development of the land mass are described: one-time and step-by-step. The complex problems that may be encountered by an enterprise of any ownership type in the transition to the maintenance of ecologically pure agriculture are determined. Creation of ecologically pure massifs of lands and agroecological organization of the territory includes a system of measures for the adaptation of agricultural production, agriculture to the peculiarities of the natural environment, along with the system of levers of state management of rational ecologically safe use of agricultural land. So the necessity of state support and motivation for enterprises planning to switch to the production of ecologically clean products and the formation of ecologically clean land masses has been substantiated.
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Brunini, A., M. C. García, A. A. Melgarejo, and R. G. Rodríguez. "Humidification–dehumidification desalination process using green hydrogen and heat recovery." Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 035005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ac3ca0.
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Abstract We propose the use of green hydrogen as fuel for a seawater heater in a humidification/dehumidification (HDH) desalination plant to increase its productivity, to allow scaling to large dimensions without negative environmental effects, and to guarantee continuous operation. We develop a mathematical model of the proposed HDH configuration. For operating conditions that guarantee very low NO x production, the fuel consumption is ∼ 0.03 k g of H2 per kg of pure water produced. If the exhaust gases from the seawater heater are used for heat recovery, the GOR of the equipment may increase by up to 39% in relation to the same equipment operating without heat recovery. The operation cost of freshwater is comparable to the costs obtained by other equipment in the literature. If the water produced in the combustion of hydrogen is condensed during the heat recovery process and then added to the freshwater produced, the production cost is reduced by 20%. We found that an excess of air in the air + fuel mix beyond the minimum value appropriate for a low NO x generation does not provide significant benefits. The efficiency of the seawater heater has an impact on the production of pure water, but this impact is strongly mitigated by the heat recovery process. Fuel consumption increases proportionally with the decrease in the effectiveness of the heat recovery device, which is a key parameter for optimal performance. A hydrogen heater is also a good alternative as an auxiliary power source to guarantee continuous operation. In sunny hours a H2 heater may be used to increase productivity preheating the seawater, and at night the system could operate 100% based on H2.
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Prabu, D., A. Giriprasath, and S. Viknesh. "Design and fabrication of solar water distillation with conventional solar still." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012008.
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Abstract The project of design and fabrication in “solar water distillation” is producing pure water from solar energy is of great importance the world over, our work is production of clean water effectively from saline water with utilization of solar still can produce sufficient amount of pure water from saline water. The solar energy is given as input which evaporates the sea water. The evaporated water gets condensed in above internal glass surface. The condensed water gets collected in a container and the collected water is noted down as output reading. In this conventional solar still with an extra addition of a phase changing material releases heat when there is no solar energy the heat released by this phase changing material evaporates the saline water when there is no sunlight to improve the productivity of the solar still during sunset condition also the still gives better performance with phase changing material (pcm). The comparatively cheap and compact system depends on non-conventional energy. The inspiration of the venture is restricted to accessibility of clean water assets of sullied water accessible for expected change in to compact water.
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Chen, Jui-Lung. "Business Efficiency Evaluation of Machine Tool Manufacturers by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Case Study of Taiwanese Listed Machine Tool Companies." International Business Research 14, no. 12 (November 17, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n12p125.
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Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is widely used to measure the business efficiency of many industries, among which the Taiwanese machine tool industry is well-known for its complete supply-chain system. Relying on DEA and Malmquist Productivity Index to analyze the business efficiency of Taiwanese listed machine tool manufacturers from 2018 to 2019, this study compared the changes in their business efficiencies and productivities. According to the five change indicators of Malmquist, only the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of the overall industry posted some growth during the research period, showing that the whole industry is actively improving its technical efficiency and striving to achieve the scale efficiency. However, technical change and total factor productivity declined slightly, indicating that the industry still makes more technical progress. Thus, companies should adjust their inputs and outputs to improve the production boundary for technical progress. The purposes of this study are to identify the success factors of the excellent performance of manufacturers and the benchmarking indicators of the decision-making unit on the efficient frontier results to provide some references for formulating future business strategies and direction.
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Chen, Jui-Lung. "Business Efficiency Evaluation of Machine Tool Manufacturers by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Case Study of Taiwanese Listed Machine Tool Companies." International Business Research 14, no. 12 (November 17, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n12p111.
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Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is widely used to measure the business efficiency of many industries, among which the Taiwanese machine tool industry is well-known for its complete supply-chain system. Relying on DEA and Malmquist Productivity Index to analyze the business efficiency of Taiwanese listed machine tool manufacturers from 2018 to 2019, this study compared the changes in their business efficiencies and productivities. According to the five change indicators of Malmquist, only the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of the overall industry posted some growth during the research period, showing that the whole industry is actively improving its technical efficiency and striving to achieve the scale efficiency. However, technical change and total factor productivity declined slightly, indicating that the industry still makes more technical progress. Thus, companies should adjust their inputs and outputs to improve the production boundary for technical progress. The purposes of this study are to identify the success factors of the excellent performance of manufacturers and the benchmarking indicators of the decision-making unit on the efficient frontier results to provide some references for formulating future business strategies and direction.
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Joseph Raj, Alex Noel, Rahul Sundaram, Vijayalakshmi G. V. Mahesh, Zhemin Zhuang, and Alessandro Simeone. "A Multi-Sensor System for Silkworm Cocoon Gender Classification via Image Processing and Support Vector Machine." Sensors 19, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 2656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122656.
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Sericulture is traditionally a labor-intensive rural-based industry. In modern contexts, the development of process automation faces new challenges related to quality and efficiency. During the silkworm farming life cycle, a common issue is represented by the gender classification of the cocoons. Improper cocoon separation negatively affects quantity and quality of the yield resulting in disruptive bottlenecks for the productivity. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a multi sensor system for silkworm cocoons gender classification and separation. Utilizing a load sensor and a digital camera, the system acquires weight and digital images from individual silkworm cocoons. An image processing procedure is then applied to extract significant shape-related features from each image instance, which, combined with the weight data, are provided as inputs to train a Support Vector Machine-based pattern classifier for gender classification. Subsequently, an air blower mechanism and a conveyor system sort the cocoons into their respective bins. The developed system was trained and tested on two different types of silkworm cocoons breeds, respectively CSR2 and Pure Mysore. The system performances are finally discussed in terms of accuracy, robustness and computation time.
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Wang, Zhibao, Yongli Cai, Jing Liang, Qicheng Zhong, Hong Jiang, Xinghui Lu, Xiangbin Gao, Shouchao Yu, and Xiaojian Dai. "Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Fine Root Morphological Characteristics, Productivity and Turnover Rates." Forests 13, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101740.
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Fine roots (φ ≤ 2 mm) play an important role in the process of material and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems, but the effect of tree species diversity on the functional characteristics of fine roots is unclear. In this study, 1−7 subtropical communities with different species richness were selected to study the morphological characteristics, productivity (PRO), and turnover rate (TUR) of fine roots by continuous soil core extraction, ingrowth soil core method, and root analysis system. The effects of tree species diversity on fine root morphological characteristics, PRO, and TUR are also analyzed. The results showed that with the increase in tree species diversity in the community, the effect of fine root morphological characteristics including specific root length (SRL) and specific surface area (SSA) of each community was not significant, but the fine root PRO in the community increased from 71.63 g·m−2·a−1 (Ligustrum lucidum pure forest) to 232.95 g·m−2·a−1 (Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest with seven species richness communities), and the fine root TUR increased from 0.539 times·a−1 to 0.747 times·a−1. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that species richness, root functional traits, and soil physicochemical properties were important driving factors affecting root characteristics. The increase in tree species diversity did not change the morphological characteristics of fine roots but increased the PRO and TUR of fine roots.
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Cui, Zhengjun, Yuhong Gao, Lizhuo Guo, Bing Wu, Bin Yan, Yifan Wang, Hongsheng Liu, Gang Li, Yingze Wang, and Haidi Wang. "Optimal Effects of Combined Application of Nitrate and Ammonium Nitrogen Fertilizers with a Ratio of 3:1 on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize Sowed in Ridge–Furrow Plastic Film Mulching in Northwest China." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12122943.
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Improving water use efficiency is essential for the advancement of agricultural production, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Two-year field experiments were conducted to study the effects of ridge–furrow (RF) and flat planting (FP) plastic film mulching combined with five different nitrogen (N) fertilizers, N1 (KNO3), the nitrate (NO3−)/ammonium (NH4+) mixtures with different pure nitrogen ratios N2 (1:1), N3 (1:3), and N4 (3:1), and the control N5 (urea) on maize dry matter accumulation, soil water content, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and N partial factor productivity. Our results showed that RF and N4 were more efficient than FP for increasing maize grain yield, WUE, and nitrogen partial factor productivity, and there was a significant interaction for cultivation practices × N formulation. RF and 3:1 NO3−/NH4+ significantly increased grain yield by 14.73% and 13.15%, and 20.07% and 24.14% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, compared to FP and nitrate only. RFN4 produced the highest grain yield in 2016 and 2017 due to the highest dry matter accumulation at filling and physiological maturity stage, ear rows per spike, and row grains per row. Over two growing seasons, the WUE and N partial factor productivity under RFN4 were 18.75% and 29.17% more on average than those of other treatments. Therefore, RFN4 is an effective planting system for increasing the simultaneity of grain yield and WUE for maize production in rain-fed agriculture.
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Tsarev, V. N., N. G. Bazarnova, and I. V. Mikushina. "Development of a Preparative Method for Obtaining an Enantiomerically Pure Substance of Salbutamol by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography." Drug development & registration 11, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-4-160-169.
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Introduction. An increasing number of studies conducted in various countries in the field of biopharmacy convincingly show the differences in the physiological effects on the human body of stereoisomers of pharmaceutical substances. As a rule, one of the enantiomers has the necessary pharmacological effect, the other enantiomer is either inert or has a negative side effect. Currently, it is important to obtain enantiomerically pure pharmacological substances from their racemic mixtures.Aim. Obtaining the R-isomer of salbutamol from a racemic mixture of salbutamol and developing a preparative procedure for chiral separation by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a yield of the target product sufficient for the production process.Materials and Methods. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is widely used for analytical and preparative separations of enantiomers of pharmaceutical substances. The relevance of the use of supercritical fluid chromatography SFC is largely due to the fact that it uses sub- or supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as the main component of the mobile phase (MP). Studies were carried out on semi-preparative Investigator SFC (Waters Corporation, USA) and preparative Prep 200 qSFC (Waters Corporation, USA) supercritical fluid chromatographs with PDA detectors. Samples were weighed to the nearest 0.0001 g on a XPE206DR balance (Mettler Toledo, USA).Results and discussion. The process of chiral separation of salbutamol sulfate by the SFC method on Prep 200 qSFC (Waters Corporation, USA) was studied. It was revealed that in the chromatographic system under supercritical conditions, the salt is separated into acidic and basic residues, which significantly reduces productivity and shortens the duration of continuous operation of the chromatograph. Conditions for the preparative chiral separation of the racemic mixture of salbutamol base into R- and S-isomers with high enantioselectivity and productivity have been developed. The resulting R-isomer of salbutamol base can be converted into the pharmaceutical substance in the form of sulfate or other salt without loss of enantiomeric purity, the S-isomer can be subjected to racemization and subsequent use.Conclusion. A preparative method has been developed for the chiral separation of a racemic mixture of salbutamol by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a yield of the target product (R-isomer) of 5.5 g per shift (8 hours).
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Ketut, Caturwati Ni, Yusuf Yusvardi, and Komara Fajar Muhamad. "Myristic acid as phase change material (PCM) for increased productivity of solar distillation plant." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 11, no. 3 (November 12, 2020): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.00077.
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AbstractThe availability of freshwater is increasingly becoming an international concern because of the increase in population and the diminishing forest area as a source of water, leading to a freshwater crisis. The coastal and swamp areas abound in water, but humans cannot consume it due to the quality. One effort that can be done in overcoming this problem is by treating existing raw water with solar distillation methods. However, the main obstacle faced in this method is the intensity of sunlight that is not stable throughout the day so that the productivity of distilled water is disrupted. Using the appropriate phase change material (PCM) is expected to make the distillation process smoother and increase the production of pure water. In this study, myristic acid was used as PCM in double slope solar distillation system. Through observation, it was obtained that the average water temperature in the basin equaled to 42.5 °C while the melting point of the myristic acid was 58 °C. This shows that the use of myristic acid as an energy storage through phase change process does not occur. Therefore, the use of myristic acid as PCM for increasing the productivity of solar distillation in these experiments is not effective because the melting point of PCM is higher than water temperature in the basin. Therefore, material with a phase change temperature below 42.5 °C is more appropriate to use in these conditions.
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Marlow, N. J., P. C. Thomson, D. Algar, K. Rose, N. E. Kok, and J. A. Sinagra. "Demographic characteristics and social organisation of a population of red foxes in a rangeland area in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 27, no. 5 (2000): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99035.
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Intensive destructive sampling of a population of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was undertaken over an area of 200 km2. A total of 204 foxes, estimated to be 94% of the total population on the site, was collected. Population density was 0.46–0.52 adult foxes km–2. Sampling was carried out in December, when young of the year were present and when data on female productivity could be obtained from counts of placental scars. Life-table analysis for vixens revealed that mortality was greatest for those aged 0–16 months and those older than 3 years. Average mortality of adult vixens was 39%. Adult vixens (n = 47) had an average (s.e.) of 3.7 0.3 placental scars; 8.5% of vixens failed to breed. The number of placental scars did not vary significantly with age. Various hypothetical scenarios were used to identify which social system(s) may have been operating in the area. Predictions of vixen productivity and cub mortality were compared with observed reproductive data and the actual number of cubs collected. The scenario that best matched the observations was a simple mated pair system. Pure dominance hierarchies were unlikely to have occurred. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the ability of foxes to overcome natural or artificially-imposed population reduction. It was estimated that under a fertility control regime, >45% of vixens would need to be sterilised before the fox population would begin to decline.
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Dong, Yanmei. "Empirical Study on the Green Transformation of the Sports Industry Empowered by New Infrastructure from the Perspective of the Green Total Factor Productivity of the Sports Industry." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 10661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710661.
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In this research, under the guidance of scientific and available principles, an evaluation index system for the green total factor productivity of new infrastructure construction and the sports industry was constructed. The evaluation was conducted using Stata16, the DEA-Solver PRO13 software, and GIS technology using the entropy weight method, super-efficiency SBM model, and other methods. The results indicated the following: First, the overall level of new infrastructure in China is low (mean 0.255), being slightly higher than that of information infrastructure (mean 0.230), innovation infrastructure (mean 0.190), and convergence infrastructure (mean 0.555). The level of information infrastructure, especially innovation infrastructure, in eastern China is much higher than that in central and western China, especially western China. Second, the sports industry in most Chinese provinces is effective in terms of technology and scale and is in a constant stage of scale return, while the remaining provinces are in a rising stage of scale return. The mixed efficiency in the sports industry of eastern China is at a higher level than its scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency, while the mixed efficiency levels in the sports industries of central and western China are greater than those of the pure technical efficiency but less than the scale efficiency. Meanwhile, the level of mixed efficiency in the sports industry of northeast China is far lower than that of its pure technology and scale efficiency. There is still room for improvement in the discharge of pollutants and labor practices in the sports industry, especially in the sports service industry. Third, the impact of the new infrastructure and its three subsystems on the sports industry is significantly positive at the 1% level. By region, the marginal effect of information infrastructure in eastern China is the largest (2.469), while the effect of innovation infrastructure in central China (5.113), western China (4.866), and northeast China (3.251) is the largest.