Academic literature on the topic 'PURE system productivity'
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Journal articles on the topic "PURE system productivity"
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Vashchenko, O. V. "PIG PRODUCTIVITY UNDER PURE BREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING." Animal Breeding and Genetics 51 (March 28, 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.51.05.
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For the research the groups were formed by method of analogues based on origin, age, physiological state, live weight. Studying sperm productivity, the number of ejaculates obtained during the year, average volume, concentration, and the total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate were taken into account and conducted according to conventional techniques using a digital photometer “SDM-30” produced by "Minitüb”. Indicators of economical useful traits of the test animals were calculated according to primary zoo-technical accounting by standard methods of biometric analysis. To determine breeding value of animals by the BLUP method, software developed at the Institute of Pig Breeding "System determining the breeding value of pigs" was used. In carrying out the work, population genetics and mathematical methods were applied for studying of patterns of variability, repeatability, assessment of the genotype of animals.
Reproductive quality of the sows was assessed by multiparity (total number of piglets at farrowing), prolificacy (piglet’s weight at birth, kg), milk ability (total weight of litter at 21 days, kg) piglet’s weight at weaning and survival of offspring to weaning. Survival of piglets, homogeneity and uniformity of litter were determined by modified M. D. Berezovsky – D. V. Lomako index and V. P. Kovalenko homogeneity index. Growth and development were controlled by change of individual live weight via weighing. Average daily gain was determined based on the initial and final live weight and number of days between weightings.
Dynamics of indicators of growth and development, maternal qualities of sows and sperm productivity and fertility of boars at the purebred animal of initial breeds and live weight and age at 100 kg in the hybrids of first generation were studied. The youngsters obtained at crossbreeding Large White breed of domestic and foreign selection with Landrace had the best indicators of growth and development than the purebred counterparts in all age periods. Higher live weight at weaning at age of 60 days was typical for combination ♀LWE x ♂LE and ♀LE x ♂LWE; it is quite natural, because they had lower average number of piglets at weaning. For maturing volumes of back of the carcass and a well-developed layer of fat should be adjusted to Landrace sows and Large White boars. Fattening of commercial hybrids obtained by this scheme under Ukrainian conditions is advisable to check out at animal’s live weight of 115 ... 120 kg.
Significant correlations were proven on the basis of: BLUP index – back fat thickness at the level of the 6-7 thoracic vertebra – -0,221 ± 0,0938 (tr = 2,35), BLUP index – back fat thickness on sacrum – -0,298 ± 0,0898 (tr = 3,31), BLUP index – back fat thickness at the midpoint of the back between the withers and sacrum – -0,239 ± 0,0929 (tr = 2,57), BLUP index – body length – -0,338 ± 0,0873 (tr = 3, 86), BLUP index – multiparity – -0,294 ± 0,0900 (tr = 3,26), BLUP index – total weight of the litter at the date of weaning – -0,233 ± 0,0932 (tr = 2,49). Keeping the selection process towards selection and combination of parental pairs by BLUP method is one of the ways to increase the productive capacity of the animals.
According to the research it was found that asymmetry of testes sizes was observed together with individual peculiarities of testes form at the same breeding boars. Testes have physiological asymmetry. Ratio of areas of the left testes to right was Sl/Sr = 1.04, and volumes respectively Vl/Vr = 1.20, on average, left testes by their areas were 2.7% more than the right, and by volumes – 14.6% respectively.
Comparing the live weight of boars with weight of their testes does not have a logical pattern. The average weight of testes was 0.14% of the live weight of breeding boars. Total volume of ejaculate on a group of boars was 355,3 ± 16,9 ml. The concentration of sperm in the ejaculate was 64,2 ± 4,6 billion, activity – 8,7 ± 0,2 points. The studies found that boars with greater weight of testes produce sperm with more sperm concentration and that's why more sperms in the ejaculate were obtained from them.
Combination of Landrace and Large White breeds is apposite for obtaining precocious pigs with well-developed layer of fat at the 6-7 thoracic vertebra and high level of prolificacy (1,8-1,9 kg).
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Farantos, Georgios I., and Nikitas-Spiros Koutsoukis. "Greek health system efficiency and productivity: A window DEA and Malmquist method measurement." Journal of Future Sustainability 2, no. 3 (2022): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.jfs.2022.10.001.
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To calculate the change in the values of efficiency and productivity of public hospitals in Greece during the period 2015 to 2019. The calculation of the efficiency values includes the technical, pure and scale efficiency using the window-DEA method and the productivity change using the Malmquist index. The source of the data used to calculate the change in the efficiency of Greek public hospitals is the statistical databases of the Greek Ministry of Health that have resulted from the collection of data through Information Systems in combination with data provided by the Greek Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). The design of the study was based on the realization of a Window DEA study and the calculation of the Malmquist index with its components. The study was designed to measure the change in efficiency and productivity but over a relatively long period of time. The data were obtained from the databases of both financial and operational data of Greek Public Hospitals held by the Greek Ministry of Health and located on the Ministry’s website. Also, additional data were requested and obtained from ELSTAT. The data were examined and those which were appropriate for the conduct of the study were selected. The technical efficiency of Greek hospitals follows a slightly upward trend with ups and downs. Their pure efficiency follows a steady course with ups and downs. Scale efficiency is on an upward course. Productivity exhibits an overall negligible change. The research’s fluctuation of the inputs and outputs determines the change in the values of efficiency and, in combination with technological change, of productivity. During the period under study, the best placement of Greek hospitals on the scale is achieved in terms of their size. Hospital management cannot achieve better utilization of resources. A parallel increase of some of the inputs and outputs prevents increase in the values of technical and pure efficiency. The change in efficiency constrains the change in productivity.
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Pegova, N. "The Reaction of Spring Wheat to the Introduction of Winter Rye Straw in a Crop Rotation With Different Types of Fallow." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/49/22.
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The yield data of spring wheat cultivated in a crop rotation after winter rye with straw entering is presented. The work is part of the research of stationary field experiment on the study of primary tillage systems (factor A): dump (control), and non-moldboard. The experimental design (factor B) represents different types of fallows (2014) in combination with the introduction of winter rye straw in 2015 and 2018: 1 — pure fallow (control); 2 — pure fallow + straw; 3 — pure fallow + cattle manure 60 t/ha; 4 — pure fallow + manure + straw; 5 — green-manured fallow (white mustard) + straw; 6 — green-manured fallow (clover 1 year of use) + straw. Types of fallow with straw are split (factor C) by the addition of nitrogen. The straw introduction in the rotation with clean fallow reduced the wheat yield, regardless of the tillage system and the nitrogen introduction at the beginning of rotation by 4.8%, at the end — 15.6%. The use of green-manured mustard and clover fallows, the manure introduction into fallow reduced the depressive effect of straw on wheat productivity by 4.8–13.3% in comparison with the control, and by 10.2–19.1% in the combination of straw with pure fallow. When straw was re-applied, wheat yield on green-manured fallow was at the control level — pure fallow and was 17.2–15.9% higher than the variant of combining straw with pure fallow. The introduction of straw in combination with manured fallow contributed to the formation of the highest grain yield of spring wheat. Non-moldboard tillage with a surface incorporation of straw contributed to a decrease in wheat productivity by 0.41–0.31 t/ha in comparison with the plowdown of straw. The introduction of nitrogen against this background ensured the formation of spring wheat productivity at the level of dump tillage: 2.78 and 2.88 t/ha. The elimination of nitrogen during non-moldboard tillage significantly reduced the wheat yield.
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Wildeus, Stephan, Tom Murphy, and Dahlia O’Brien. "PSXI-24 Evaluation of Barbados Blackbelly and St. Croix hair sheep under accelerated lambing using purebred and terminal sire mating: Ewe fertility, prolificacy, and productivity." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.859.
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Abstract Objectives were to evaluate ewe performance under an accelerated, pasture-lambing system. Barbados Blackbelly (n = 85) and St. Croix ewes (n = 91) were exposed to rams of their own breed (pure) or Dorset (terminal) in November (2012 and 2014), July (2013 and 2015), and March (2014 and 2016). Traits considered were fertility (i.e., ewes lambing/ewes exposed; n = 670) and number of lambs born (NLB), number of lambs weaned (NLW), and total 65 d adjusted litter weaning weight (LWW; n = 548 each). Data were analyzed with fixed effects of ewe age (1, 1.5, 2 yr, or ≥ 2.5 yr), breed, mating system (pure vs terminal), mating month-year, and the mating system x mating month-year interaction and a random ewe effect. Fertility was greater for Barbados Blackbelly than St. Croix ewes (0.88 vs 0.73; P < 0.01) but ewe breed did not affect any other trait (P ≥ 0.06). The mating system x mating month-year interaction effect impacted all traits (P ≤ 0.03) except NLB (P = 0.09) and performance between mating systems was compared within mating month. Fertility was greater for pure than terminal mated ewes in November (0.96 vs 0.85) and July (0.94 vs 0.53; P ≤ 0.01). Following July mating, both NLB and NLW were greater for pure than terminal mated ewes (1.69 vs 1.37 lambs and 1.43 vs 1.11 lambs, respectively; P < 0.01). However, LWW was greater for terminal than pure mated ewes after November (18.0 vs 15.7 kg) and March mating (18.1 vs 14.2 kg; P ≤ 0.02). Using a terminal sire in landrace hair sheep under accelerated mating generally reduced fertility, NLB, and NLW but improved LWW. The strategic use of terminal sire mating should be considered just during breeding season, or the use of alternative sire breeds should be evaluated.
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Mantino, Alberto, Vittoria Giannini, Cristiano Tozzini, Enrico Bonari, and Giorgio Ragaglini. "The overseeding of two cool-season legumes (Hedysarum coronarium L. and Trifolium incarnatum L.) on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) mature stands increased biomass productivity." Italian Journal of Agronomy 15, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2020.1510.
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In the Mediterranean rainfed systems, perennial warm-season grasses are profitable crops for the production of herbage as forage or feedstock for bioenergy purposes. During summer, when the production of cool-season crops is scarce, warm-season grasses can improve the productivity and stability of forage cropping systems. In Italy, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) can be cultivated for herbage production or as energy crop. The objective of this work was evaluating if relay intercropping with cool-season legumes could be suited to convert a mature stand of switchgrass from energy to dual, energy and forage, production, together with improving the productivity and the quality of the harvestable biomass. All these things considered, a field experiment was carried out in Central Italy, on mature stands of two switchgrass varieties, Alamo and Blackwell, overseeded with two legumes: sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). The intercropping system was compared with fertilized and un-fertilized pure switchgrass stands. After two years of study, data showed that the intercropping increased the total above ground biomass (AGB) productivity. In the second year, the increase in total AGB production for switchgrass mixtures compared with the pure stands was greater for sulla, a biennial legume, than crimson clover.
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Nikolova, Ivelina Mitkova, Nataliya Anastasova Georgieva, and Viliana Marinova Valiseva. "Assessment of the pure sowing of different legumes and in mixtures with grass on productivity and damage level by Sitona spp. and Otiorrhynchus ligustici (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Polish Journal of Entomology 87, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjen-2018-0022.
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Abstract This work examined the impact on productivity of the cultivation system of perennial legumes such as sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), grown pure and in binary mixtures with cocksfoot and on damage caused by root pests of Sitona spp. and Otiorrhynchus ligustici. It was found that the productivities of aboveground and root biomasses in binary mixtures were significantly higher compared to the corresponding legume monocultures on average by 30.7 and 39.7% respectively in mixtures with sainfoin, by 15.0 and 73.1% in mixtures with bird’s-foot trefoil, and by 18.7 and 49.6% in mixtures with alfalfa. The weight of dry aboveground biomass in the pure leguminous crops slightly exceeded that of the corresponding leguminous components in the mixtures, whereas the productivity of cereal plants in mixed crops was significantly lower compared to the pure cocksfoot on average by 38.5, 47.0 and 51.7% in mixtures of sainfoin, bird’s-foot trefoil and alfalfa respectively. A similar tendency was observed with regard to dry root biomass. Damage to nodules by Sitona larvae in mixtures decreased significantly: on average by 33.5% (sainfoin + cocksfoot), by 50.3% (bird’s-foot trefoil + cocksfoot) and by 55.6% (alfalfa + cocksfoot) compared to pure grown legumes. The damage caused by Otiorrhynchus ligustici, as expressed by the length of gnawed furrows, in the mixtures with sainfoin, bird’s-foot trefoil and alfalfa decreased considerably - by 12.5, 77.8 and 59.5%, respectively - compared to the pure crops. The damage caused by the аlfalfa snout beetle had the most significant negative effect on aboveground and root biomass productivities. Mixed cultivation systems of forage crops are an economically and ecologically sustainable method of insect pest control.
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Tomashova, Olga, Nicolay Osenniy, Aleksandr Ilyin, and Lubov Veselova. "Efficiency of cultivation of intermediate cover crops as a biological element of the fertilizer system at no-till in the Crimea." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017509001.
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The aim is to create the fundamental biologization’s components of no-till system in the environment of foothill-steppe Crimea’s area, to explore the effect of different kinds of cover crops on the indications of soil fertility, on the crop productivity and on the seeds’ quality of the agricultural crops in terms of poor and unstable humidification. During the cultivation of the cover crops in no-till system the reserves of available humidity in the thickness of one metre were acceptable after the growing of vicia – 107,6 millimeters and on the control (without the cover crops) – 99,6 millimeters. The least reserves of available for the plants humidity were in the option with winter rape, as in pure form (59,3 millimeters), as in combination with vicia (44,9 millimeters). The highest crop productivity of cover crops’ green mass was in all cases with the using of the multicomponent combination. It exceeds the crop productivity of the cover crops consisting of 1-2 and 3 sping crops more than twice as much and almost more than 10 times – the crop productivity of the winter rye.
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Kalashnikov, V. V. "Highly productive, environmentally pure livestock and aquaculture with given indicators of product quality." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873895532-535.
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The article reports the most important steps toward the development of domestic livestock and aquaculture, involving the production of environmentally-friendly products with desired qualities. Methods for increasing the rate of animal breeding and aquaculture with the latest technologies using modern intellectual systems are considered. The most important steps on the way to a system of normalized nutrition and animal productivity management are discussed. It is shown that the mobilization of the export resource of domestic livestock, the problem of the preservation of biological resources and long-term storage of reproductive material of wild animals. The issues of the relevance of the development of genomic technologies and the biologization of the means of protecting animals, poultry and aquaculture are reports.
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Yadav, Abhinav, Md Saifullah Khalid, Prashant Saini, and Ankit Kumar. "Improvement of solar still productivity by using PCM and other enhancement technique- A review." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v13i1.15s.
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The necessity of pure water is rising each day, causes are population, industrial and agricultural expansion, worldwide. Due to the increasing population of world the fresh water will become more serious problem in the coming days. Hence, people around the world have to work on different and efficient methodology to generate potable water. Solar still is one among these methods acting device. In this paper, a review of using PCM and PCM with other enhancement techniques has been discussed. Use of stearic acid as a PCM below the liner of basin, each day pure water of 9.005kg/m2 per day and 4.998 kg/m2 per day has been found in the company of PCM and not including of PCM respectively. It is observed that solar desalination system in the company of paraffin-CuO is best among the others solar still with paraffin PCM, paraffin-TiO2, paraffin-GO. CuO, TiO2 and GO are the nanoparticles.
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Shareef, Abbas Sahi, Hayder Jabbar Kurji, and Hassan Abdulameer Matrood. "A Review of New Solar Still Design Comprising a Five-Sided Glass Cover and Equipped with an External Tank for PCM." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 877, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/877/1/012038.
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Abstract Various human activities have led to the consumption of large quantities of pure water, which has led researchers to find efficient and economical methods for desalinating seawater and water containing impurities. In this review paper, solar energy where it is permanent, abundant and environmentally friendly, to produce pure water was discussed using a new solar distillation device, representing the paper’s novelty. The distillation was designed and used in the way led to increase efficiency and improve productivity by adding a solar collector to the system and equipped with a tank containing phase change material (PCM). It has a low melting point and can change the phase by absorbing the system’s latent heat to maintain the system’s temperature. Which contributes to increasing the distillation period even after sunset, thus increasing the daily productivity of freshwater. Using phase change materials will increase distillation hours from (3-4) hours after sunset, increasing the amount of production between (75 - 90) %.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PURE system productivity"
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Fink, William Michael. "An assessment of the Navy's Productive Unit Resourcing (PUR) system in use at Navy Field Contracting Activities." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22916.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe primary objective of this thesis was to critically assess the Productive Unite Resourcing (PUR) system as it is outlined in NAVSUP INSTRUCTION 7000,21A and as it being used at Navy Field Contracting Activities (NFCAs). The research was conducted by a review of current literature and extensive interviews with headquarters and field activity personnel. The research contains a review of PUR's predecessor system, the fixed workyear-cost funding methodology, an explanation of the PUR process and Procurement Cost Center algorithms, and summaries of the positive and negative impacts of PUR. Conclusions and recommendations are made concerning PUR's applicability to Navy Field Contracting Activities. Where specific problems were identified with either the process or algorithms, possible corrective actions are proposed.
http://archive.org/details/assessmentofnavy00fink
Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy
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Carvalho, Anne Caroline Barbosa de. "Avaliação da perda de solo por fluxo superficial em cultivos puro e consorciado." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1686.
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A erosão consiste no processo natural de desprendimento e transporte das partículas do solo, inerente à própria formação do solo e possui como principais agentes o vento e a água. Entretanto o homem, por meio da inserção de práticas que desequilibram as condições naturais, pode acelerar os processos erosivos. O controle da erosão torna-se necessário quando a quantidade de solo removida atinge valores acima de um nível considerado aceitável. Desde a década de 50, diversos modelos vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aperfeiçoados com o intuito de prever as perdas de solo por erosão, e o que trata o assunto de modo mais dinâmico, devido ao fato de superar parcialmente restrições climáticas e geográficas e ter uma aplicação generalizada, é a chamada Equação Universal de Perda de Solo – EUPS (no inglês, Universal Soil Loss Equation - USLE). Em função do exposto, o propósito deste trabalho foi realizar o monitoramento em campo das perdas de solo e água utilizando parcelas experimentais montadas em encosta, sob o uso de sistemas diferenciados de manejo do solo e da vegetação e chuva natural, em uma área do campo experimental da Embrapa Gado de Leite, pertencente ao município de Coronel Pacheco – MG, promovendo ajustes e calibrações em um modelo matemático que simula processos de erosão superficial. Para tal, o trabalho foi subdividido em três capítulos, sendo o primeiro uma exposição teórica do tema erosão e alguns dos modelos matemáticos capazes de quantificar as perdas de solo. Apesar de algumas limitações a USLE, quando comparada com outros modelos, é considerada um bom instrumento para previsão das perdas de solo por erosão laminar, por exigir um número de informações relativamente pequeno e por ser uma equação amplamente estudada. O capítulo dois descreve a aplicação do modelo proposto com o diagnóstico dos eventos pluviométricos e suas interações com os atributos do solo em diferentes formas de coberturas vegetais; o monitoramento das perdas de solo e escoamentos pluviais, a partir da montagem de parcelas experimentais situadas ao longo da encosta; a utilização do modelo USLE para estimar as perdas de solo, estabelecendo fatores de erosividade (R), erodibilidade (K), topografia (LS), uso e manejo do solo (C) por meio dos dados obtidos pelo monitoramento das parcelas montadas na encosta, o que gerou simulações de perda de solo em t ha-1ano-1. O valor considerado para o fator (P) foi de 0,5. As perdas de solo e água foram: 117,79 t ha-1 e 2.372.230 L ha-1; 94,68 t ha-1 e 2.086.570 L ha-1; 20,50 t ha-1 e 1.687.135 L ha-1 para o solo exposto, braquiária em monocultivo e braquiária com milho, respectivamente. O fator erosividade (R) foi de vi 7.589 MJ mm ha-1h-1; o de erodibilidade (K) 0,009 t ha MJ-1 mm-1, enquanto os valores do fator (C) foram de 1, 0,54 e 0,15 para os tratamentos solo exposto, braquiária em monocultivo e para o consórcio milho com braquiária, respectivamente. O capítulo três avalia a produtividade dos tipos de vegetação utilizados no experimento. A altura e a cobertura do solo pela braquiária não apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos avaliados. Porém, a produção da matéria verde e da matéria seca foram maiores na braquiária em monocultivo.
The erosion consists of a natural process of detachment and transport of particles of the soil being caused mainly because of the wind and the water. However, it can be accelerated by human actions. The erosion control becomes necessary when the amount of soil removed reaches values above an acceptable level. Since 1950, models have been developing to make soil losses predictions. The main one is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Therefore, the aim was to monitor the soil and water losses using plots built on slope under three management systems, vegetation and natural rainfall in the area of the experimental field of Embrapa in Coronel Pacheco-MG using the USLE. Thus the search was subdivided in three chapters. The first one is a theoretical exposition about erosion processes and some of the mathematical models used to quantify soil losses. Despite some limitations of the USLE, when it is compared with other mathematical models, the USLE is considered a good equation for predicting soil losses for layer erosion. In addition, it does not demand a great number of information and it has been a widely studied equation. The second chapter is about the application of the USLE with rainfall events and its interactions with soil properties in different forms of vegetation cover; monitoring of soil losses and runoff from plots located on the slope; besides to set rainfall and runoff factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), topographic factor (LS), cover and management factor (C) using plots. After that, the results were used to carry out soil losses simulations. The assumed value to support practice factor was 0,5. The soil and water losses were of 117.79 t ha-1 and 2.372.230 L ha-1, 94.68 t ha-1 and 2.086.570 L ha-1, 20.50 t ha-1 and 1.687.135 L ha-1 for the soil without plant cultivation, B. decumbens signal cultivation and maize with B. decumbens consortium (iLP), respectively. The rainfall and runoff factor (R) was 7.589 MJ mm ha-1h-1 and the soil erodibility factor (K) was 0,009 t ha MJ-1 mm-1. The values of cover and management factor (C) were of 1, 0,54 e 0,15 for for the soil without plant cultivation, B. decumbens signal cultivation and maize with B. decumbens consortium (iLP), respectively. The last one is about productivity of the sort of vegetation used in the experiment. There was no difference in the height of B. decumbens or in the soil cover in both treatments. However, the green and dry matter productivity were larger in the Brachiaria decumbens monoculture.
Book chapters on the topic "PURE system productivity"
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Malviya, Rajkumar, Veeresh Vishwakarma, Prashant V. Baredar, and Anil Kumar. "Potential of Solar Distillation Plant in India." In Solar Thermal Systems: Thermal Analysis and its Application, 169–90. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050950122010009.
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With the rising population and continuous depletion of our natural resources, it has become very tough for everyone to meet their basic needs of food and water. Also, at the rate with which the water-stressed area continues to rise, we soon will be facing a huge water crisis. This chapter specifically talks about India and its potential to make a switch from conventional methods of water usage and switch to a renewable energy-based water desalination unit. This chapter presents an elaborate analysis of the Indian peninsular region and talks about the major cities’ comparative performance in the basic design of the solar humidificationdehumidification desalination unit. It can be concluded that the southern-most area has a very large potential for setting up an economically feasible desalination unit. Various parameters are discussed, like humidity ratio, outgoing airstream temperature, and mass rate of evaporated water. As Chennai has the best performance for the particular unit for most of the year, with productivity reaching 44 kg/day, the least favorable site seems to be Puri in Odisha, where productivity remains less and constant at a maximum of 34 kg/day during summers.
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Khaietska, Olha. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." In Global trends and prospects of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-193-0-13.
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The article analyzes the organizational and economic principles of functioning of agro-industrial enterprises, explores the possibilities of increasing their competitiveness. In particular, it is noted that the category of “organizational and economic mechanism” is the most important part of the economic system, including in the ag ricultural sector. The essence, content and adjustment of the organizational and economic mechanism is determined by many scientists and researchers, the focus is on industrial relations and economic laws. It is important to understand the levers of organizational and economic mechanism (economic and organizational). Economic factors include: the mechanism of market pricing; levers for investing and lending bonds, financing; selffinancing of investments; accumulation and investment of capital, state regulation and state support. Organizational factors include: structural levers; organizational and technical levers; levers of management organization; corporate planning and information levers. Using the levers of self-sufficiency, the peculiarities of the activities of agar enterprises in the domestic and foreign food markets are manifested to obtain the most attractive effect with minimal costs. An important component of economic efficiency of agricultural enterprises is the maintenance of competitive conditions as a stimulus for the rational functioning of enterprises and organizations. Pure competition is an incentive for society to minimize costs and maximize profits, as well as adhere to marginal productivity. Competition is best manifested in terms of economic dynamics. Competition increases supply, improves product quality, improves service and availability, and reduces production costs. The article analyzes the views of economists on the category of “competitiveness”, provides indicators of competitiveness (price, market and quality indicators), the structure of the mechanism for improving the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, proposed methods for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises and effective management of enterprise competitiveness. It is noted that the competitiveness of production in the agro-industrial sector depends on resource supply, infrastructure development, the level of development of labor resources, the external environment, which is based on state policy on its development and more. To increase the competitiveness of enterprises should have competitive advantages: to improve their activities and increase their efficiency, to influence the market environment, to ensure the maximum possible result for each unit of labor, material and financial resources spent. Therefore, for the effective functioning of agro-industrial enterprises, increasing their competitiveness, it is necessary to apply a complex and effective organizational and economic management system. The main directions of increasing the competitiveness of agar enterprises are effective marketing policy, improving quality, service, maintenance, reducing production costs and production costs with maximum benefit in the future, as well as involvement in the production of new technologies, complex mechanization and automation, rational use of means of production and resources involved, etc. The use of these factors will ensure further growth and increase the efficiency of production of agricultural enterprises.
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Ebbisa, Addisu. "Toward the Recent Advances in Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE): Strategies to Improve Phosphorus Availability to Plants." In Sustainable Crop Production - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102595.
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Achieving high nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and high crop productivity has become a challenge with increased global demand for food, depletion of natural resources, and deterioration of environmental conditions. Higher NUE by plants could reduce fertilizer input costs, decrease the rate of nutrient losses, and enhance crop yields. Nitrogen and Phosphorus are the most limiting nutrients for crop production in many of the world’s agricultural areas, and their efficient use is important for the economic sustainability of cropping systems. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of N and P in soil-plant systems creates a unique and challenging environment for its efficient management. Although numerous fertilizer recommendation methods have been proposed to improve NUE, technologies and innovative management practices are still lacking. Therefore, maximizing crop phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PUE) would be helpful in reducing the use of inorganic phosphorus fertilizers and their escape in the environment for sustainable agriculture. Improvement of PUE in cropping systems can be achieved through two main strategies: optimizing agronomic practice and breeding nutrient efficient crop cultivars that improves P-acquisition and -utilization efficiency. These strategies are needed for future food security and sustainable agriculture. The major revised points are the following: concept of NUE, application of nutrient stewardship, cereal-legume intercropping, regulating soil pH, etc., for enhancing phyto-availability of P and breeding P-efficient crop cultivars that can produce more biomass with lesser P costs and that acquire more P in P-stress condition. These approaches consider economic, social, and environmental dimensions essential to sustainable agricultural systems and afford a suitable context for specific NUE indicators.
Conference papers on the topic "PURE system productivity"
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Volkova, A. S., A. A. Mnatsakanyan, and G. V. Chuvarleeva. "“Nanosilicon” and productivity of soybean in the central zone of the Krasnodar region." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-7.
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This article indicates the results of studies of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers with trace elements based on pure silicon – “Nanosilicon” – on the productivity of soybean plants. Soya is a unique crop in its specificity. It is widely used in the food industry, both in the process of human food production, and in the production of animal feed. Silicon is the second most abundant element in the lithosphere of our planet. It increases stress resistance of plants, improves absorbing capacity of the root system, helps plants to retain moisture in the dry period, and strengthens the cell walls of plants. In general, the result was positive regardless of the amount of the preparation used, so the yield increased on average by 12.9 %, oil collection – by 12.8 %, and protein collection – by 15.1 %.
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Alarawi, Abeer, Bader Al Harbi, and Ahmed Busaleh. "A Novel Foamed Acid System Stabilized by Composite Material for Fracturing Applications." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22492-ms.
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Abstract Carbonate reservoirs hold 60% of the world's oil and 40% of the gas. Therefore, developing high-impact and innovative technologies for well stimulation, such as foamed acid fracturing fluids, is essential for restoring well productivity and enhancing commercial productivity for carbonate reservoirs. Acid fracturing treatment is associated with reactivity control, fluid loss control, and conductivity generation challenges. For overcoming some drawbacks associated with conventional acid fracturing, foamed acid fluid is applied to enhance retardation, reduce water consumption, improve acid diversion, remove water or emulsion blocks, and improve conductivity generation. In this study, a unique foamed acid system stabilized by composite material was studied to develop fracturing fluid at 275-350 °F. In addition, the foam stability, rheology, and morphology characteristics were investigated using several characterization tools at 275-350 °F. The composite material comprises nanosheet (NS), and surfactant (SURF) were added to either a pure-acid or acid system that contains several additives for developing stable NS/SURF-based foamed acid fluid. To evaluate foam rheological properties and thermal stability at dynamic conditions, foam loop rheometer experiments were conducted at 275-350 °F, 1050 psi, and 70 % N2 quality. A high-resolution optical microscope was also utilized to observe foam texture morphology and further assess foam stability. In addition, foam-decaying time was observed by determining the foam-half-life-time (foam volume altering as a function of time). The static and dynamic results illustrated that foamed acid fluid stability and thermal adaptability were improved after adding composite material at 275-350 °F. The viscosity of foamed acid increased by double and its viscosity was higher than 45 cP at a shear rate of 300 S-1 and 350 °F. In addition, the foam-structure of NS/SURF-based foamed acid displayed a small hexagonal bubbles size, which positively affected the stability of foam to reach up to three hours at 300 °F. In contrast, the stability of pure foamed acid was one hour. This result is attributed to the adsorption of composite material at the liquid-gas interface layer that enhances the mechanical strength of the foam-layer (lamellae film) and provides a more robust barrier between the gas bubbles and liquid phase, resulting in delaying the coalescence of the bubbles. The developed NS/SURF-based foamed acid possesses several advantages over the conventional acid fracturing fluids: long stability, adequate viscosity (obtained without adding gelling agent), low water consumption, and high efficiency at 275-350 °F.
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Mishra, Ashreet, and A. G. Agwu Nnanna. "Development of a Low Cost Self-Sustaining Water Distillation System Using Activated Carbon Nanofluids." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86906.
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There is an ever increasing need to provide clean and portable drinking water in developing countries because of the poor quality of water, which causes various water borne diseases killing millions of infants and elderly people every year. There have been a lot of recent developments in the field of solar enabled water distillation where pure water is being generated. But a majority of the system use some type of external energy source for the system to run on which might make it efficient but can cause dependence on energy sources. The power of the Sun can be effectively harnessed and used as heat and light source for efficient steam generation. One of the challenges is to develop a low cost system which can perform at par with the best and extravagant systems. This paper investigates the performance of the solar distillation system when activated carbon nanoparticles are used along with brine and other sources of impure water so as to obtain clean water. The activated carbon nanoparticle which are an efficient and cheap mode of water purification enhanced the productivity of the system by 190% when compared to saline water due to its steam generation properties. A solar simulator of 1KWm2 was used to simulate the sun. Various parameters like the variation of air flow on condensation rate, height of fluid on vapor production rate and the temperature variation of the system are evaluated. Parametric studies of the effect of water quality and salinity were performed. It was determined that the optimum output rate of distilled water was 240 grams (6000gday.m2) was determined by the system from the parametric studies and the system is feasible and cost effective to be used in real world application. All of these standout features make the system a low cost option which can tackle the clean water dilemma in developing countries.
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Gandiglio, M., A. Lanzini, P. Leone, and M. Santarelli. "Design and Balance-of-Plant of a Demonstration Plant With a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fed by Biogas From Waste-Water and Exhaust Carbon Recycling for Algae Growth." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2013-18082.
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The design and balance-of-plant of an integrated anaerobic digestion (AD) biogas solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) demonstration plant is presented. A notable feature of the plant is the CO2 capture from the SOFC anode exhaust via an oxy-combustion reactor. The captured CO2 is fed to a photobioreactor installation downstream of the SOFC where C is fixed in an algae bio-fuel. The main plant sections are described in detail including the gas cleaning unit, fuel processing, SOFC ‘hot-box’, oxy-combustor, CO2/H2O condensation unit and finally algae bioreactor. The demonstration plant is fed with biogas from AD of the by-product sludge of the greatest waste-water treatment plant in Italy, serving over 2 million population equivalents in the Torino metropolitan area. In this work, the main BoP components and engineering issues concerning the design of the SOFC plant are detailed. The as-produced biogas is firstly treated to remove moisture and then filtered to remove sulfur, halogens and siloxanes. Dry clean biogas (roughly 60–65% CH4, 35–40% CO2) is sent to a steam-reformer. The reformate gas is thus used to feed a 2 kWe SOFC module (operated at ∼ 800 °C). The cathode off-gas is kept separated from the anode and is used to pre-heat inlet fresh air; the anode outlet stream is sent first to an oxy-combustor to yield an almost pure H2O-CO2 mixture that is eventually cooled down to 300–400 °C. Steam is condensed and separated in a dedicated condenser unit. The resulting pure CO2 is thus pressurized (8 bar) and available for sequestration or other uses. Due to the limited size of the demo plant, the choice was to feed it to bioreactors with algae, where the latter are grown with sunlight and CO2 indeed. A tubular photo-bioreactor has been chosen with a productivity of 20 g/day/m2 of dry algae. The outlet stream will be an algae purge that, due to its low mass flow, could be re-sent to the biogas digesters. A system analysis of a scaled-up version of the biogas fed SOFC power plant, with heat integration included, is also carried out with a calculated overall electrical efficiency exceeding 55% (LHV basis).
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Soares, José, Pedro Pacheco, Hugo Coelho, André Resende, Diogo Carvalho, and Alberto Torres. "General approach to safety and risk management in bridge construction." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0794.
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<p>Modern bridge construction equipment are actual living structures, in which human activity plays an important role in equipment safety and structural performance.</p><p>Demand for high productivity pushes the development of increasingly audacious structural concepts, leading to integration of high capacity hydraulic components as pure structural elements.</p><p>The use of large movable structures (LMS) such as launching gantries (LG) or movable scaffolding systems (MSS) is widespread in Europe and North America and specialized crews have been trained throughout the years. Increasing implementation of modern bridge construction processes in developing regions not yet familiarized with inherent construction equipment brings new challenges in terms of safety.</p><p>Safety is the ultimate result of combined and coordinated activity of contractors, bridge designers, construction process developers, manufacturing quality controllers and equipment operators.</p><p>This paper aims to provide a general overview on safety and risk management in bridge construction processes. A multidisciplinary design approach, strongly governed by an effective risk analysis is herein explored, making references to practical examples. Experimental testing may and must be used as complementary design tool. The role of structural monitoring and active control systems is also considered, highlighting the practical example of Organic Prestressing System (OPS), an actively controlled prestressing system that increases structural efficiency.</p><p>Main conclusions drawn in the end may be generalized to other design and construction activities</p>
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Nguyen, Trung, Dinh Nguyen, Pete Howes, Patrick Kwon, and Kyung-Hee Park. "Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Using Vegetable Oil With Nano-Platelet Solid Lubricant in Milling Titanium Alloy." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9466.
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Improving the machinability of titanium (Ti) alloys remains unresolved for manufacturing industries because excessive tool wear and catastrophic tool failures lead to shortened tool life and low productivity with any available cutting tool system. Besides optimizing the substrate and/or coating materials for cutting tools, improving the cooling and lubricating conditions is one of the ways to improve the machinability of Ti alloys. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using a nano-platelet, lamellar-type solid lubricant of graphite Exfoliated graphite nano-platelets (xGnP®) grade C750 (or xGnP750) in Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) machining of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64). Due to the lamellar or layered crystal structure, each layer easily slides against adjacent layers to provide the lubricity when introduced at the tool/work material interface. Although the nano-platelets have a nano-thickness, they have a micro-sized diameter, which prevents the nano-platelets from penetrating through human skin and breathing through nose. This makes the great advantage in this approach compared to other nano-enhanced MQL processes. The milling experiment shows that the nano-platelets present in the MQL oil decreased flank wear and improved the tool life compared to traditional MQL with pure oil as well as dry machining. The presence of nano-platelets reduces the micro chipping and tool fracture caused by the effect of impact in interrupted machining.
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ARLAUSKIENĖ, Aušra, Viktorija GECAITĖ, and Danutė JABLONSKYTĖ-RAŠČĖ. "THE EVALUATION OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF CEREAL AND GREEN MANURE ON THE BASIS OF NUTRIENTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.039.
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Research was carried out at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry’s (LAMMC) Joniškėlis Experimental Station on a clay loam Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol. The study was aimed to explore the aboveground mass of perennial forage legumes: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and their mixtures with festulolium (x Festuliolium), used as green manure, qualitative parameters and compatibility with cereals on the basis of nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The deficiency of other nutrients (P, K) and intensity of green manure mineralization can lead to N absorption. It has been determined that winter wheat takes one kg of N together with 0.2 kg P and 0.6 kg K. Spring wheat requires a similar amount of P but a higher amount of K. Average winter wheat grain yield can be 4.0 t ha-1 on a clay loam Cambisol in organic cropping system. NPK content – 134 kg ha-1 is needed for such productivity (grain + straw). This content is lower for spring winter growing. P:N and K:N ratios are more favourable in perennial forage legume mixture with festulolium, as compared to legume alone. To obtain grain yields of 4 t ha-1 of winter wheat and 3 t ha-1 of spring wheat in balanced organic crop rotation it is sufficient to apply 3.0 and 2.0 t ha-1 DM of pure legume mass as green manure. “Cut-and-carry” fertilisers do not satisfy the wheat demand for P.
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Sun, Lei, Zhutian Xu, Linfa Peng, and Xinmin Lai. "Ductile-to-Brittle Fracture Size Effect of Titanium Sheets in Micro/Meso-Scale Plastic Deformation." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70083.
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Abstract With a significantly increasing demand for miniaturized titanium thin-walled products, micro forming using sheet metals is a promising approach with high productivity. However, once the sheet thickness is scaled down to a micro-scale, there are many unknowns in terms of size effect and its affected fracture behavior. In this research, the influence of grain size on the fracture behavior of commercially pure titanium sheets with a thickness of 0.1 mm was investigated by the uniaxial tensile tests combined with a digital image correlation measurement system. The ductile-to-brittle transformation of fracture behavior with the grain size increasing from 33.07 to 107.70 μm was revealed. Macroscopically, the elongation and critical fracture stress of CP-Ti samples decrease with the increase of grain size. According to the scanning electron microscopic observations, the number of dimples decreases with grain size increasing, while the cleavage planes and river patterns gradually dominate in the coarse grain fracture surface. To explore the fracture mechanism, the dislocation evolution of various grain sizes is further observed by a transmission electron microscope. The dislocation emission from crack-tips was revealed at different grain sizes. Significant dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries was observed in the specimen with a grain size of 33.07 μm. Those intense dislocations reduce the effective stress at the crack tip resulting in higher crack propagation resistance. Nevertheless, the dislocation density at crack-tip decreases strongly with the increase of grain size leading to high crack-tip effective stress and less crack plasticity. Hence cleavage fracture was dominated in coarse grain CP-Ti sheets.
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Vryzas, Zisis, Omar Mahmoud, Hisham Nasr-El-Din, Vassilis Zaspalis, and Vassilios C. Kelessidis. "Incorporation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Drilling Fluid Additives for Improved Drilling Operations." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54071.
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A successful drilling operation requires an effective drilling fluid system. Due to the variety of downhole conditions across the globe, the fluid system should be designed to meet complex challenges such as High-Pressure/High-Temperature (HPHT) environments, while promoting better productivity with a minimum interference for completion operations. This study aims to improve the rheological and fluid loss properties of water-bentonite suspensions by using both commercial (C-NP) and custom-made (CM-NP) iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NP) as drilling fluid additives. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NP were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Both types of nanoparticles were characterized by a High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Base fluid (BF), made of deionized water and bentonite at 7wt%, was prepared according to American Petroleum Institute (API) procedures and nanoparticles were added at 0.5wt%. A Couette-type viscometer was used to analyze the rheological characteristics of these fluids at different shear rates and various temperatures (up to 158°F). The rheological parameters were obtained from analysis of viscometric data using non-linear regression. The API Low-Pressure/Low-Temperature (LPLT) and HPHT fluid filtrate volumes were measured, using a standard API LPLT static filter press (100 psi, 77°F) and an API HPHT filter press (300 psi, 250°F). Observation of the porous matrix morphology of the produced filter cakes was done with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). TEM showed that the mean diameter of the CM-NP was 7–8 nm, with measured surface areas between 100–250 m2/g. The C-NP had an average diameter of <50 nm, as per manufacturer specifications. The XRD of the CM-NP revealed peaks corresponding to pure crystallites of magnetite (Fe3O4) with no impurities. Rheological analysis showed very good fitting by the Herschel-Bulkley model with coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.99. Rheological properties of all samples were affected by higher temperatures, with increase in yield stress, decrease in flow consistency index (K) and slight increase in flow behavior index (n). Fluid filtration results indicated a decrease in the LPLT fluid loss and an increase in the filter cake thickness compared to the BF upon addition of higher concentrations of C-NP, because of a decrease in filter cake permeability. At HPHT conditions, samples with 0.5wt% C-NP had a smaller fluid loss by 34.3%, compared to 11.9% at LPLT conditions. CM-NP exhibited even higher reduction in the fluid loss at HPHT conditions of 40%. Such drilling fluids can solve difficult drilling problems and aid in achieving the reservoir’s highest potential by eliminating the use of aggressive, potentially damaging chemicals. Exploitation of the synergistic interaction of the utilized components can produce a water-based system with excellent fluid loss characteristics while maintaining optimal rheological properties.
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Sun, Wenyue, and Sathish Sankaran. "A Graph Network Based Approach for Reservoir Modeling." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206238-ms.
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Abstract Reservoir management routinely requires assimilating historical data and predicting field performance against multiple production strategies before implementing them in the field. However, traditional numerical methods are often cumbersome to characterize, build and calibrate at a timescale that can be used reliably for such short-term decision cycles such as production forecasting, IOR optimization and production rate control. Simpler analytical models make assumptions and lack the rigor needed to adequately model these systems. Pure data-driven methods may lack physical insights or have limited range of applicability. Model fidelity, speed, interpretability, suitability to automate and ease-of-use are some key modeling traits that are desired for reservoir management purposes. In this work, we propose to use a reservoir graph-network modeling approach (RGNet), based on the concept of diffusive time of flight, to forecast well performance using routinely measured field measurements (e.g. bottomhole pressure and rates). We propose a novel, model order reduction method based on discretized time of flight for multiple wells with interference. It simplifies the 3D reservoir flow problem into a flow network representation that can be solved as a 2D simulation model with any general-purpose reservoir simulator. Parameters in RGNet model cover well productivity index, grid pore volume and transmissibility, which are estimated through a history-matching process. After history matching, multiple posterior RGNet models are generated to quantify subsurface uncertainties. The RGNet modeling approach allows various fluid-flow physics to be modeled within the grids and boundary conditions, and is applicable to a range of conventional and unconventional reservoirs with different flow mechanisms. We applied the proposed approach on a field case reservoir models for multiple wells with interference. By virtue of the reduced complexity, the modeling methodology is highly scalable and still retains physical interpretability. The calibration method produces parsimonious models and provides uncertainty estimates in history matching parameters with range of outcomes. In addition, the RGNet models are much faster to simulate, over 1000x speed up, compared with full-physics models. We then used RGNet models for well-control and flood optimization and achieved significant improvement over field net-present-values. Parameterization of the proposed reservoir graph-network modeling approach provides a unique and sustainable way to reduce model complexity needed for reservoir management purposes. The method is rooted in physical principles and provides an explainable dynamic reservoir model that can be effectively used to understand reservoir behavior and optimize performance. The lightweight model lends itself naturally to fast computation that are required for scenario analysis and optimization.