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Journal articles on the topic 'Pure strategies'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Hu, Tai-Wei. "Unpredictability of complex (pure) strategies." Games and Economic Behavior 88 (November 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2014.08.002.

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2

Ziad, Abderrahmane. "Nash Equilibria in Pure Strategies." Bulletin of Economic Research 55, no. 3 (July 2003): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00178.

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3

Carayol, Arnaud, Christof Löding, and Olivier Serre. "Pure Strategies in Imperfect Information Stochastic Games." Fundamenta Informaticae 160, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2018-1687.

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4

Stanford, William. "Individually rational pure strategies in large games." Games and Economic Behavior 47, no. 1 (April 2004): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-8256(03)00142-8.

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5

Khan, M. Ali, and Yeneng Sun. "Pure strategies in games with private information." Journal of Mathematical Economics 24, no. 7 (January 1995): 633–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4068(94)00708-i.

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6

Simon, Leo K., and Maxwell B. Stinchcombe. "Extensive Form Games in Continuous Time: Pure Strategies." Econometrica 57, no. 5 (September 1989): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1913627.

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7

Meuwissen, T. H. E. "Optimizing Pure Line Breeding Strategies Utilizing Reproductive Technologies." Journal of Dairy Science 81 (September 1998): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)70153-5.

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8

Gras, Jean-Louis, and Jean-François Bonfanti. "New Synthetic Strategies Toward Pure Two-Component Triglycerides." Synlett 1999, no. 11 (November 1999): 1835–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-2936.

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9

Allen, Beth, and Jacques-Francois Thisse. "Price Equilibria in Pure Strategies for Homogeneous Oligopoly." Journal of Economics Management Strategy 1, no. 1 (March 1992): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00063.x.

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10

Berg, Kimmo. "Extremal Pure Strategies and Monotonicity in Repeated Games." Computational Economics 49, no. 3 (February 26, 2016): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10614-016-9565-4.

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11

Dierkes, Stefan, and Imke de Maeyer. "Valuation with mixed financing strategies." Business Research 13, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 1317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40685-020-00126-w.

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AbstractIn corporate valuation, it is common to assume either passive or active debt management. However, it is questionable whether these pure financing policies reflect the real financing policies of firms with a sufficient degree of accuracy. This shortcoming has led to the development of mixed financing strategies as combinations of pure financing strategies. Whereas hybrid financing is directly linked to the two-phase model, it is unclear how to apply discontinuous financing in such a setting. In this study, according to the two versions of hybrid financing, we analyze the implementation of discontinuous financing in a two-phase model. Thereby, we present a simpler and more intuitive derivation of the valuation equation for discontinuous financing to increase its acceptance and its use for corporate valuation practice. Moreover, we compare the different mixed financing strategies with each other theoretically, and we conduct simulations to elucidate the impact on market values and the sensitivities of input parameters. The study concludes that the presented mixed financing strategies can help in the attempt to reflect the real financing behavior of firms more accurately and, therefore, constitute a valuable alternative to pure financing strategies for valuation.
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12

KHASMINSKII, R., and N. POTSEPUN. "ON THE REPLICATOR DYNAMICS BEHAVIOR UNDER STRATONOVICH TYPE RANDOM PERTURBATIONS." Stochastics and Dynamics 06, no. 02 (June 2006): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493706001712.

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This paper studies the behavior of replicator dynamics systems under White Gaussian Noise (WGN) perturbations in the Stratonovich form. Long-run behavior is described for the system with two pure strategies. The method of Lyapunov functions is used to find the sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability and strong instability of the pure strategies for the system with arbitrary number of pure strategies. Extinction of strictly dominated pure strategies is proven for any level of the noises.
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13

Hadi, Nagham. "Self-regulated Learning Strategies among Students of Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al-Haitham." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1933–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.2061.

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14

Tavalaei, M. Mahdi, and Juan Santalo. "Pure versus hybrid competitive strategies in the airport industry." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 124 (June 2019): 444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.04.015.

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15

Jones, Charles B. "Apologetic Strategies in Late Imperial Chinese Pure Land Buddhism." Journal of Chinese Religions 29, no. 1 (September 2001): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/073776901804774677.

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16

Sabourian, Hamid. "Repeated games with M-period bounded memory (pure strategies)." Journal of Mathematical Economics 30, no. 1 (August 1998): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4068(97)00061-x.

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17

Kumar, Kamalesh, Ram Subramanian, and Charles Yauger. "Pure Versus Hybrid: Performance Implications of Porter's Generic Strategies." Health Care Management Review 22, no. 4 (1997): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004010-199710000-00008.

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18

Zhou, Yong-Hui, Jian Yu, and Shu-Wen Xiang. "Essential stability in games with infinitely many pure strategies." International Journal of Game Theory 35, no. 4 (January 3, 2007): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00182-006-0063-0.

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19

Rui Pascoa, Mario. "Approximate equilibrium in pure strategies for non-atomic games." Journal of Mathematical Economics 22, no. 3 (January 1993): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4068(93)90009-a.

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20

Mottamal, Madhusoodanan, Borui Kang, Xianyou Peng, and Guangdi Wang. "From Pure Antagonists to Pure Degraders of the Estrogen Receptor: Evolving Strategies for the Same Target." ACS Omega 6, no. 14 (March 30, 2021): 9334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c06362.

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21

Breen, P., and W. Henderson. "Dominated strategies in searching for evolutionary stable strategies." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 30, no. 2 (October 1988): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000006160.

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AbstractThe paper asks and answers the question “When does dominance of a particular strategy play a role in the search for evolutionary stable strategies?” The answer is much less obvious than would appear at first glance.When there is strict dominance of a pure strategy, it is clear that the dominated strategy should never be employed in any conflict. However, when the dominance is not strict it is less obvious that the strategy should not be used. The research was originally intended to clear up this grey area in the theory of evolutionary stable strategies, but it has turned out to be of more than simply academic interest. The result can be used, with varying degrees of success, to simplify the search procedure for these evolutionary stable strategies when a reward matrix is given.
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22

Anwar, Jamil, and S. A. F. Hasnu. "Strategy-performance relationships." Journal of Advances in Management Research 14, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 446–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-07-2016-0056.

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Purpose The extant literature has challenged the original idea that pure strategy leads to superior performance. This shift has raised the question whether pure strategy is still superior to hybrid strategy? The purpose of this paper is to investigate the strategy-performance relationship in this context and the performance of pure, hybrid, and reactor strategies is compared. Design/methodology/approach Scoring method is used for identification of strategic types. ANOVA, univariate, and multivariate regression models are applied for empirical analysis using seven-year financial data of 307 Pakistani joint stock firms from 12 industries. Findings The results show that firms in Pakistan practice hybrid and reactor strategies rather than pure strategies. Overall, defending and analyzing strategies perform better than the prospecting strategies. However, the performance of the strategic types varies among industries and firm size. Strategy and firm size are the better predictors of firm performance. Originality/value The proposed methodology can be replicated to identify strategic groups and strategic orientations proposed by typological classifications when longitudinal studies are carried out. The process for identification of pure, hybrid, flexible, consistent, and reactor strategies is a key contribution to the literature.
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23

Fain, Máté, and Helena Naffa. "Performance Measurement of Active Investment Strategies Using Pure Factor Portfolios." Financial and Economic Review 18, no. 2 (June 2019): 52–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.18.2.5286.

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24

Howson, Suzanne E., Guy J. Clarkson, Alan D. Faulkner, Rebecca A. Kaner, Michael J. Whitmore, and Peter Scott. "Optically pure heterobimetallic helicates from self-assembly and click strategies." Dalton Transactions 42, no. 42 (2013): 14967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3dt51725j.

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25

Cao, Charles, Oliver Hansch, and Xiaoxin Wang. "ORDER PLACEMENT STRATEGIES IN A PURE LIMIT ORDER BOOK MARKET." Journal of Financial Research 31, no. 2 (June 2008): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.2008.00234.x.

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26

Cardaliaguet, Pierre, Chloé Jimenez, and Marc Quincampoix. "Pure and Random strategies in differential game with incomplete informations." Journal of Dynamics & Games 1, no. 3 (2014): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jdg.2014.1.363.

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27

Judd, Kenneth L., Philipp Renner, and Karl Schmedders. "Finding all pure-strategy equilibria in games with continuous strategies." Quantitative Economics 3, no. 2 (July 2012): 289–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe165.

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28

Gras, Jean-Louis, and Jean-Francois Bonfanti. "ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Strategies Toward Pure Two-Component Triglycerides." ChemInform 31, no. 5 (June 11, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200005091.

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29

Shinkle, George A., Aldas P. Kriauciunas, and Greg Hundley. "Why pure strategies may be wrong for transition economy firms." Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 10 (March 13, 2013): 1244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.2060.

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30

Demuynck, Thomas, P. Jean-Jacques Herings, Riccardo D. Saulle, and Christian Seel. "Bertrand competition with asymmetric costs: a solution in pure strategies." Theory and Decision 87, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-019-09698-4.

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31

Cartwright, Edward, and Myrna Wooders. "On equilibrium in pure strategies in games with many players." International Journal of Game Theory 38, no. 1 (December 11, 2008): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00182-008-0150-5.

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32

Al-Najjar, Nabil. "Strategically stable equilibria in games with infinitely many pure strategies." Mathematical Social Sciences 29, no. 2 (April 1995): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(94)00765-z.

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33

Al-Najjar, N. "Strategically stable equilibria in games with infinitely many pure strategies." Mathematical Social Sciences 31, no. 1 (February 1996): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(96)88662-8.

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34

Xu, Qingyun, Bing Xu, Ping Wang, and Yi He. "Bundling strategies for complementary products in a horizontal supply chain." Kybernetes 47, no. 6 (June 4, 2018): 1158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2017-0082.

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Purpose This paper aims to address the following problems: What are the firms’ optimal pricing and quality policies under three scenarios (no bundling, pure bundling and mixed bundling)? In what condition will one bundling strategy dominate the others? How does the degree of complementarity affect the firms’ decision? Design/methodology/approach Using the game theory, this study first establishes three models of bundling strategies: no bundling, pure bundling and mixed bundling and then obtains the optimal prices and quality decisions. This study uses numerical analysis to explore the relationships between the prices (demands and profits) and some key parameters and to obtain some valuable management complications. Findings Some interesting and valuable management implications are established: regardless of the degree of complementarity, adopting a pure bundling or mixed bundling strategy is better than separately selling an individual product; a high degree of complementarity leads to reduced profit in the no bundling and mixed bundling scenarios, whereas the condition in the pure bundling strategy is the opposite; and when the degree of complementarity is adequately large, choosing pure bundling strategy is more profitable. Research limitations/implications On the one hand, this study does not calculate the profit sharing ratio, and hence, the equilibrium profit sharing ratio can be explored in future work. On the other hand, marketing efforts (e.g. advertising and promotion) can be included in the study. Practical implications This study derives the necessary conditions for the most effective bundling strategy that maximizes firm’s profits, and these conclusions can provide a decision reference to the bundling decisions of firms. Originality/value First, the optimal bundling strategies in a horizontal supply chain consisting of two firms is considered. Under the pure and mixed bundling strategies, the two firms sell the bundled product by building a cooperative program. Second, both the pricing policies and quality decisions of supply chain members under the different bundling strategies are studied.
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35

Aguilar Moreno, Marta, and Eva Figueras Ferrer. "Estrategias de colaboración entre iguales: Pure Print (2013-2018) | Strategies for peer collaboration: Pure Print (2013-2018)." Pós-Limiar 2, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24220/2595-9557v2n1a4508.

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En el seguiente artículo se presenta un modelo de trabajo colaborativo entre docentes e investigadoras grabadoras de diferentes instituciones de enseñanza superior de Bellas Artes, reunidas para pensar conjuntamente una propuesta editorial. Para ello, tomaremos el modelo Pure Print, que tiene como objetivo dar continuidad al lanzamiento de publicaciones y proyectos editoriales relacionados con el Libro Arte. El ámbito de estudio abarca desde los procesos tradicionales del grabado y la estampación hasta las nuevastecnologías de la gráfica contemporánea experimental y edición. En el artículo haremos un breve repaso de la historia y evolución de Pure Print, desde sus inicios hasta llegar a Porto Alegre en 2018. Entre los factores que han impulsado y expandido el proyecto destaca, especialmente, el trabajo colaborativo como constructor de propuestas entre iguales que permite constituir comunidades de práctica y de discurso. Las propuestas artísticas y su proyección internacional, las exposiciones colectivas, la edición de dossiers,catálogos y revistas especializadas, los proyectos interdisciplinares, la relevancia del proyecto artístico, de su itinerancia, del comisariado y de los artistas e investigadores participantes, la creación de talleres, conferencias y ponencias de calidad, así como la vinculación a proyectos de investigación relevantes concedidos en convocatoria pública competitiva, hace que el proyecto Pure Print cumpla con todos los requisitos para hablar de un modelo generador de creación entre iguales.
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36

Khedmati, Mehdi, Edwin KiaYang Lim, Vic Naiker, and Farshid Navissi. "Business Strategy and the Cost of Equity Capital: An Evaluation of Pure versus Hybrid Business Strategies." Journal of Management Accounting Research 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 111–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-52171.

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ABSTRACT We examine the effect of pure (product differentiation or cost leadership) versus hybrid (a mix of product differentiation and cost leadership) business strategies on the cost of equity capital. Our results suggest that firms with a pure, relative to a hybrid, business strategy have a significantly lower cost of equity, and the cost of equity effect is equally driven by pure product differentiation and pure cost leadership strategies. We also find that firms following a pure business strategy are associated with lower systematic risk. Further, the lower cost of equity effect of a pure product differentiation strategy is more pronounced in high-technology industries and in regions with greater innovative capital. Our findings are robust to an array of robustness checks including change specification regressions and various methods for addressing endogeneity. Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
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37

Pykacz, Jarosław, Paweł Bytner, and Piotr Frąckiewicz. "Example of a Finite Game with No Berge Equilibria at All." Games 10, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g10010007.

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The problem of the existence of Berge equilibria in the sense of Zhukovskii in normal-form finite games in pure and in mixed strategies is studied. The example of a three-player game that has Berge equilibrium neither in pure, nor in mixed strategies is given.
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38

Kreps, Victoria. "On Maximal Vector Spaces of Finite Noncooperative Games." International Game Theory Review 19, no. 02 (May 2, 2017): 1750003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198917500037.

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We consider finite noncooperative [Formula: see text] person games with fixed numbers [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], of pure strategies of Player [Formula: see text]. We propose the following question: is it possible to extend the vector space of finite noncooperative [Formula: see text]-games in mixed strategies such that all games of a broader vector space of noncooperative [Formula: see text] person games on the product of unit [Formula: see text]-dimensional simplices have Nash equilibrium points? We get a necessary and sufficient condition for the negative answer. This condition consists of a relation between the numbers of pure strategies of the players. For two-person games the condition is that the numbers of pure strategies of the both players are equal.
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39

Dalpozzo, Renato. "Strategies for the asymmetric functionalization of indoles: an update." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 3 (2015): 742–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00209a.

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40

Shallice, Tim. "On compensatory strategies and computational models: The case of pure alexia." Cognitive Neuropsychology 31, no. 5-6 (May 27, 2014): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2014.914023.

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41

Korzen, Sara, Peter Sandøe, and Jesper Lassen. "Pure meat – Public perceptions of risk reduction strategies in meat production." Food Policy 36, no. 2 (April 2011): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.10.005.

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42

Hansen, Eric, Erlend Nybakk, and Rajat Panwar. "Pure versus hybrid competitive strategies in the forest sector: Performance implications." Forest Policy and Economics 54 (May 2015): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.02.001.

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43

Schoenfeld, Adam, Daphne A. Haas-Kogan, Annette Molinaro, Anu Banerjee, Theodore Nicolaides, Tarik Tihan, Andrew W. Bollen, Nalin Gupta, and Sabine Mueller. "Pure germinomas of the central nervous system: treatment strategies and outcomes." Journal of Neuro-Oncology 120, no. 3 (September 5, 2014): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1599-7.

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44

Kerr, R. J., M. J. Dieters, and B. Tier. "Simulation of the comparative gains from four different hybrid tree breeding strategies." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-180.

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There is increasing interest in the deployment of interspecific hybrids in forest tree planting. The associated breeding programs are usually an adaptation of the reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) strategy outlined by Comstock et al. (R. Comstock, H. Robonson, and P. Harvey. 1949. Agron. J. 41: 360–367) or use recurrent selection for general combining ability (GCA) in the pure species. This study uses a computer simulation tool known as XSIM, which has been described in a previous paper, to investigate the efficiency of four hybrid strategies. In addition to conventional RRS, we considered RRS with forward selection (RRS-SF), a strategy that approximately halves the generation interval needed for RRS, because hybrid and pure species progeny are bred simultaneously. Forward and backward selections are also made simultaneously and not in successive generations as is the case for RRS. An innovative best linear unbiased prediction analysis makes this possible. The development of a synthetic species (SYN) and pure species selection (PSS) were other strategies tested. The strategies were tested across a wide range of genetic structures. Genetic structures were defined as particular combinations of the correlation between pure species and hybrid performance for each species and the proportion of the genetic variance that is additive, dominance, and epistatic for each species. The results of the simulation have shown that the SYN strategy is the most cost effective across a wider range of genetic structures. This is especially so for those structures where there is less dominance variance and the pure–hybrid correlations in both species are greater than zero. Where the SYN strategy is not cost effective, the RRS-SF strategy is then the best option.
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45

Heuer, Leonie, and Andreas Orland. "Cooperation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma: an experimental comparison between pure and mixed strategies." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 7 (July 2019): 182142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.182142.

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Cooperation is—despite not being predicted by game theory—a widely documented aspect of human behaviour in Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) situations. This article presents a comparison between subjects restricted to playing pure strategies and subjects allowed to play mixed strategies in a one-shot symmetric PD laboratory experiment. Subjects interact with 10 other subjects and take their decisions all at once. Because subjects in the mixed-strategy treatment group are allowed to condition their level of cooperation more precisely on their beliefs about their counterparts’ level of cooperation, we predicted the cooperation rate in the mixed-strategy treatment group to be higher than in the pure-strategy control group. The results of our experiment reject our prediction: even after controlling for beliefs about the other subjects’ level of cooperation, we find that cooperation in the mixed-strategy group is lower than in the pure-strategy group. We also find, however, that subjects in the mixed-strategy group condition their cooperative behaviour more closely on their beliefs than in the pure-strategy group. In the mixed-strategy group, most subjects choose intermediate levels of cooperation.
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46

Wang, Feng, Xinyan Li, and Man Chen. "Effects of product imitation on customer equity." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 38, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-07-2019-0408.

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PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the differential effects of pure and creative imitation on customer equity and the moderating roles of market contingency (i.e. competition intensity) and institutional contingency (i.e. enforcement inefficiency).Design/methodology/approachA lab experiment with 181 subjects and a survey of both senior and middle managers from 149 pharmaceutical firms in China were conducted.FindingsPure imitation decreases customer equity, but creative imitation increases it. Competition intensity attenuates the negative effect of pure imitation and the positive effect of creative imitation, whereas enforcement inefficiency only attenuates the negative effect of pure imitation.Practical implicationsThe findings have significant implications for managers seeking to implement product imitation strategies in emerging economies. They can help managers understand the effects of two kinds of imitation strategies on customer equity. Furthermore, this shows that product imitation strategies should be aligned with various market and institutional contingencies to achieve better performance.Originality/valueThe authors distinguished between pure and creative imitation. Whereas previous studies have investigated the effects of pure and creative imitation on financial and market performance, the focus was on their differential effects on customer equity and the moderating roles of environmental contingencies at the market and institutional levels.
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47

JANSSEN, MARCO A., MILES MANNING, and OYITA UDIANI. "THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL PREFERENCES ON THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN PUBLIC GOOD GAMES." Advances in Complex Systems 17, no. 03n04 (July 2014): 1450015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525914500155.

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Human societies are unique in the level of cooperation among non-kin. Evolutionary models explaining this behavior typically assume pure strategies of cooperation and defection. Behavioral experiments, however, demonstrate that humans are typically conditional co-operators who have other-regarding preferences. Building on existing models on the evolution of cooperation and costly punishment, we use a utilitarian formulation of agent decision making to explore conditions that support the emergence of cooperative behavior. Our results indicate that cooperation levels are significantly lower for larger groups in contrast to the original pure strategy model. Here, defection behavior not only diminishes the public good, but also affects the expectations of group members leading conditional co-operators to change their strategies. Hence defection has a more damaging effect when decisions are based on expectations and not only pure strategies.
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48

FLESCH, J., F. THUIJSMAN, and O. J. VRIEZE. "STATIONARY STRATEGIES IN ZERO-SUM STOCHASTIC GAMES." International Game Theory Review 03, no. 04 (December 2001): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198901000464.

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We deal with zero-sum stochastic games. We demonstrate the importance of stationary strategies by showing that stationary strategies are better (in terms of the rewards they guarantee for a player, against any strategy of his opponent) than (1) pure strategies (even history-dependent ones), (2) strategies which may use only a finite number of different mixed actions in any state, and (3) strategies with finite recall. Examples are given to clarify the issues.
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49

Laughlin, Maren R., John P. Bantle, Peter J. Havel, Elizabeth Parks, David M. Klurfeld, Karen Teff, and Padma Maruvada. "Clinical Research Strategies for Fructose Metabolism1,2." Advances in Nutrition 5, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.113.005249.

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Abstract Fructose and simple sugars are a substantial part of the western diet, and their influence on human health remains controversial. Clinical studies in fructose nutrition have proven very difficult to conduct and interpret. NIH and USDA sponsored a workshop on 13–14 November 2012, “Research Strategies for Fructose Metabolism,” to identify important scientific questions and parameters to be considered while designing clinical studies. Research is needed to ascertain whether there is an obesogenic role for fructose-containing sugars via effects on eating behavior and energy balance and whether there is a dose threshold beyond which these sugars promote progression toward diabetes and liver and cardiovascular disease, especially in susceptible populations. Studies tend to fall into 2 categories, and design criteria for each are described. Mechanistic studies are meant to validate observations made in animals or to elucidate the pathways of fructose metabolism in humans. These highly controlled studies often compare the pure monosaccharides glucose and fructose. Other studies are focused on clinically significant disease outcomes or health behaviors attributable to amounts of fructose-containing sugars typically found in the American diet. These are designed to test hypotheses generated from short-term mechanistic or epidemiologic studies and provide data for health policy. Discussion brought out the opinion that, although many mechanistic questions concerning the metabolism of monosaccharide sugars in humans remain to be addressed experimentally in small highly controlled studies, health outcomes research meant to inform health policy should use large, long-term studies using combinations of sugars found in the typical American diet rather than pure fructose or glucose.
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Pal, Pinki, and Arun K. Shaw. "The evolution of comprehensive strategies for furanoid glycal synthesis and their applications." RSC Advances 7, no. 42 (2017): 25897–963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28598h.

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