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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pure and mixed solvent systems

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pure and mixed solvent systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Pure and mixed solvent systems"

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Ekezie, C., G. Cookey, and J. Maduelosi. "Volumetric and viscometric studies of binary mixtures of methanol and some alkyl acetates at varying temperatures." South African Journal of Chemistry 77 (2023): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2023/v77a16.

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The degree of molecular interactions between mixed solvent molecules and thus ideal behavior results from the molecular architecture and chemical nature of component solvents. This understanding is essential in the design and applications of both pure and mixed solvent systems. Density and viscosity measurements of pure and binary mixtures of methanol and n-methyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and n-pentyl acetate were carried out at different compositions of methanol and temperatures of 25, 30, 35, 40 °C. The experimental data obtained were correlated to the Redlich-Kister equation from where the excess functions; excess molar volumes, excess viscosities, excess Gibbs free energies of activation for viscous flow, fitting coefficients and standard deviations were obtained. The viscosity values were correlated with Hind et al, Kendral and Monroe, Grunberg and Nissan and Frenkel semi empirical models to ascertain the best fit for the systems. The results obtained have been discussed in terms of the structural differences and nature of the interactions between molecules of the mixed solvents.

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Wang, Luoluo, Minchang Wang, Ying Kang, Yong Zhu, Hai Chang, and Ning Liu. "Solubility Determination and Comprehensive Analysis of the New Heat-Resistant Energetic Material TNBP." Molecules 28, no. 6 (March 7, 2023): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062424.

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To improve the crystal quality of 4,8-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)difurazolo [3,4-b:3′,4′-e] pyrazine (TNBP), the solubility of TNBP in organic solvents (six pure and four mixed solvents) was determined by the laser monitoring technique from 293.15 to 353.15 K. The results showed that the solubility was positively correlated with the increase in the experimental temperature and the main solvent content, except for the co-solvent phenomenon in the DMSO + ethyl acetate solvent mixture. To explain the dissolution behavior of TNBP, the KAT-SER model was analyzed for pure solvent systems, and it was found that hydrogen bonding alkalinity and self-cohesiveness were the main influencing factors. The free energy of solvation and radial distribution function of TNBP in mixed solvents were also obtained by molecular dynamics simulation, and the effect of solute–solvent and solvent–solvent interactions on the solubility trend was analyzed. The experimental data were correlated using three empirical equations (van’t Hoff equation, modified Apelblat equation, and λh equation), and the deviation analysis showed the good applicability of the modified Apelblat model. Furthermore, the dissolution of TNBP was heat-absorbing and not spontaneous, according to the thermodynamic characteristics estimated by the van’t Hoff equation.

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Shamsher Ali, Shamsher Ali, Shabir Hussain Shabir Hussain, and Irfan Ali and Syed Azhar Ali Irfan Ali and Syed Azhar Ali. "Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters from the Dissolution of Strontium Hydroxide in Water and Mixed Solvent Systems by pH-Metric Method." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 1 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000621.

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In this study, saturated solutions of Sr(OH)2 in pure water and in mixed solvent systems (methanol - water, ethanol - water, 1-propanol - water, and 2-propanol - water) at two temperatures were prepared and titrated with standard HCl solution by using pH metry. Using these titration data, the molar solubility (s), solubilty product (Ksp) and Gibbs free energy (Go), entropy change (ΔSand#176;) and enthalpy change (ΔHand#176;) for dissolution of strontium hydroxide was determined. At room temperature (20and#176;C), the s, Ksp, ∆Go were found to be 4.28 x 10-2 mol L-1, 3.13 x 10-4 mol3L-3 and 19.70 kJ mol-1 respectively. The ΔHand#176; and ΔSand#176; of the reaction is 2.90 kJ mol-1 and – 60.80 J. mol-1 K-1. With increasing percentage content of organic solvent in mixed solvents, the molar solubility and Ksp decreased and ∆Go, ΔHand#176; and ΔSand#176; values increased. The results were correlated with the dielectric constant value of the solvents used in the study.

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Shamsher Ali, Shamsher Ali, Shabir Hussain Shabir Hussain, and Irfan Ali and Syed Azhar Ali Irfan Ali and Syed Azhar Ali. "Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters from the Dissolution of Strontium Hydroxide in Water and Mixed Solvent Systems by pH-Metric Method." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 1 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000621/jcsp/42.01.2020.

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In this study, saturated solutions of Sr(OH)2 in pure water and in mixed solvent systems (methanol - water, ethanol - water, 1-propanol - water, and 2-propanol - water) at two temperatures were prepared and titrated with standard HCl solution by using pH metry. Using these titration data, the molar solubility (s), solubilty product (Ksp) and Gibbs free energy (Go), entropy change (ΔSand#176;) and enthalpy change (ΔHand#176;) for dissolution of strontium hydroxide was determined. At room temperature (20and#176;C), the s, Ksp, ∆Go were found to be 4.28 x 10-2 mol L-1, 3.13 x 10-4 mol3L-3 and 19.70 kJ mol-1 respectively. The ΔHand#176; and ΔSand#176; of the reaction is 2.90 kJ mol-1 and – 60.80 J. mol-1 K-1. With increasing percentage content of organic solvent in mixed solvents, the molar solubility and Ksp decreased and ∆Go, ΔHand#176; and ΔSand#176; values increased. The results were correlated with the dielectric constant value of the solvents used in the study.

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Roy, Nath, Lovely Sarkar, and Kumar Sarkar. "Study of solute-solvent interactions of nicotinic acid and benzoic acid in methanol and its binary solvent systems." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 12 (2008): 1235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0812235r.

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The apparent molar volumes, ?V, and viscosity B-coefficients, B, for nicotinic acid (NA) and benzoic acid (BA) in mixed solvents containing 10, 20, 30 mass % of n-amyl alcohol (n-AmOH) or isoamyl alcohol (i-AmOH) in methanol and in pure methanol (MeOH) were determined from the solution density and viscosity measurements at 298.15 K as function of concentrations of NA and BA. These results were, in conjunction with the results obtained in pure methanol, used to deduce the partial molar volumes of transfer, 0 ??V , and viscosity B-coefficients of transfer, ?B, for NA and BA from methanol to different mixed methanol solvents, in order to rationalize various interactions in the ternary solutions. An increase in the transfer properties of NA and BA with increasing mass % of n-AmOH and i-AmOH in methanol was observed and explained by the effect of structural changes and preferential solvation. Also, the free energies of viscous flow, ? 0? 1 ? and ? 0? ?2 , per mole of solvent and solute, respectively, were calculated and analyzed on the basis of the transition state theory of relative viscosity.

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Esan, Olaseni Segun, Medinat Olubunmi Osundiya, Christopher Olumuyiwa Aboluwoye, Owoyomi Olanrewaju, and Jide Ige. "Thermodynamic and Interfacial Properties of DTABr/CTABr Mixed Surfactant Systems in Ethanolamine/Water Mixtures: A Conductometry Study." ISRN Thermodynamics 2013 (December 17, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/280101.

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Mixed-micelle formation in the binary mixtures of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTABr) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) surfactants in water-ethanolamine mixed solvent systems has been studied by conductometric method in the temperature range of 298.1 to 313.1 K at 5 K intervals. It was observed that the presence of ethanolamine forced the formation of mixed micelle to lower total surfactant concentration than in water only. The synergistic interaction was quantitatively investigated using the theoretical models of Clint and Rubingh. The interaction parameter β12 was negative at all the mole fractions of DTABr in the surfactant mixtures indicating a strong synergistic interaction, with the presence of ethanolamine in the solvent system resulting in a more enhanced synergism in micelle formation than in water only. The free energy of micellization ΔGM values was more negative in water-ethanolamine mixed solvent system than in pure water indicating more spontaneity in mixed micelle formation in the presence of ethanolamine than in pure water.

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Yin, Dai-ping, Meng-xi Liu, Hua-lin Fu, Gang Shu, Jian-yu Zhou, Xue-yan Qing, and Wen-bin Wu. "Solubility of Trimethoprim in Selected Pure Solvents and (Water + Ethanol/2-Propanol) Mixed-Solvent Systems." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 61, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00616.

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Wang, Li, Rui Xu, Ruohua Liu, Peng Ge, Wei Sun, and Mengjie Tian. "Self-Assembly of NaOL-DDA Mixtures in Aqueous Solution: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237117.

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The self-assembly behaviors of sodium oleate (NaOL), dodecylamine (DDA), and their mixtures in aqueous solution were systematically investigated by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, respectively. The interaction mechanisms between the surfactants, as well as the surfactants and solvent, were revealed via the radial distribution function (RDF), cluster size, solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), hydrogen bond, and non-bond interaction energy. Results showed that the molecules more easily formed aggregates in mixed systems compared to pure systems, indicating higher surface activity. The SASA values of DDA and NaOL decreased significantly after mixing, indicating a tighter aggregation of the mixed surfactants. The RDF results indicated that DDA and NaOL strongly interacted with each other, especially in the mixed system with a 1:1 molar ratio. Compared to van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions between the surfactant molecules were the main contributors to the improved aggregation in the mixed systems. Besides, hydrogen bonds were found between NaOL and DDA in the mixed systems. Therefore, the aggregates in the mixed systems were much more compact in comparison with pure systems, which contributed to the reduction of the repulsive force between same molecules. These findings indicated that the mixed NaOL/DDA surfactants had a great potential in application of mineral flotation.

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Satyanarayana, D., and P. R. Chatterji. "Swelling characteristics of amphiphilic polymer brushes in pure and mixed solvent systems." Polymer 34, no. 17 (September 1993): 3682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90053-d.

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Somsen, G. "Interactions in solutions: A calorimetric study of pure and mixed solvent systems." Pure and Applied Chemistry 63, no. 12 (January 1, 1991): 1687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199163121687.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pure and mixed solvent systems"

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Dakua, Vikas Kumar. "Physico-chemical studies on interactions between ion-solvent, ion-ion and solvent-solvent in aqueous and non-aqueous pure and mixed solvent systems." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/707.

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Barman, Biraj Kumar. "Investigation of diverse interactions and inclusion complexation in different environment by physicochemical methodology." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2622.

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Brahman, Dhiraj. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF SOME SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES OF TRANSITION METALS IN PURE AND MIXED SOLVENT MEDIA." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/973.

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Hamilton, Patrick Neal. "The behavior and separation of polystyrene in mixed solvent systems." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1256.

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Mullins, Paul Eric. "Application of COSMO-SAC to Solid Solubility in Pure and Mixed Solvent Mixtures for Organic Pharmacological Compounds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31086.

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In this work, we present two open literature databases, the VT-2005 Sigma Profile Database and the VT-2006 Solute Sigma Profile Database, that contain sigma profiles for 1,645 unique compounds. A sigma profile is a molecular-specific distribution of the surface-charge density, which enables the application of solvation-thermodynamic models to predict vapor-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria, and other properties. The VT-2005 Sigma Profile Database generally focuses on solvents and small molecules, while the VT-2006 Solute Sigma Profile Database primarily consists of larger, pharmaceutical-related solutes. We design both of these databases for use with the conductor-like screening model â segment activity coefficient (COSMO-SAC), a liquid-phase activity-coefficient model. The databases contain the necessary information to perform binary and multicomponent VLE and SLE predictions. We offer detailed tutorials and procedures for use with our programs so the reader may also use their own research on our research group website (www.design.che.vt.edu). We validate the VT-2005 Sigma Profile Database by pure component vapor pressure predictions and validate the VT-2006 Solute Sigma Profile Database by solid solubility predictions in pure solvents compared with literature data from multiple sources. Using both databases, we also explore the application of COSMO-SAC to solubility predictions in mixed solvents. This work also studies the effects of conformational isomerism on VLE and SLE property prediction. Finally, we compare COSMO-SAC solubility predictions to solubility predictions by the Non-Random Two-Liquid, Segment Activity Coefficient (NRTL-SAC) model. We find UNIFAC is a more accurate method for predicting VLE behavior than the COSMO-SAC model for many of the systems studied, and that COSMO-SAC predicts solute mole fraction in pure solvents with an average root-mean-squared error (log10(xsol)) of 0.74, excluding outliers, which is greater than the RMS error value of 0.43 using the NRTL-SAC model.

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Chavez, Krystle J. "Crystallization of pseudopolymorphic forms of sodium naproxen in mixed solvent systems." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29759.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Rousseau, Ronald; Committee Member: Meredith, Carson; Committee Member: Prausnitz, Mark; Committee Member: Teja, Amyn; Committee Member: Wilkinson, Angus. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Nzengung, Valentine Asongu. "Organoclays as sorbents for organic contaminants in aqueous and mixed-solvent systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26460.

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Penner, S., and H. Lorenz. "From Pure Oxides to Mixed Oxides: Model Systems for Structural and Catalytic Studies." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35049.

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As pure oxides and mixed oxide systems play an ever-increasing role in a variety of research fields ranging from catalysis over electrochemical applications to microelectronics, the present contribution aims at introducing a straightforward concept for the easy and reproducible preparation of well-defined and well-structured thin film model systems both for pure and mixed oxide systems. Exploiting the special structural and surface properties of vacuum-cleaved NaCl (001) growth templates, the concept is exempli-fied for the formation of nano-spheres (Ga2O3), nano-pyramids (In2O3), plates and needles (V2O5) and den-dritic structures (Ga2O3-WO3). Careful tuning of the preparation conditions (substrate temperature, depo-sition rate, oxygen partial pressure or post-annealing temperature) allows the formation of special particle morphologies at much lower substrate temperatures (less than 400°C) than previously and usually applied. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35049

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Cikalo, Maria Gillian. "Separation and quantification of weakly-absorbing and low-concentration analytes by capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321675.

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Das, Bijan. "Physico - chemical investigations on the ion-solvent interactions of some Tetraalkylammonium and common ions in non-aqueous and mixed binary aqueous solvent systems." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/719.

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Books on the topic "Pure and mixed solvent systems"

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Bochove, Gerard Van. Two and Three-Liquid Phase Equilibria in Industrial Mixed Solvent Electrolyte Solutions: Experiments & Modelling of Systems of Importance for the Extraction of Caprolactam. Delft Univ Pr, 2003.

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Smalskys, Vainius, and Jolanta Urbanovič. Civil Service Systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.160.

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Civil service consists of civil servants and their activity when implementing the assigned functions and decisions made by politicians. In other words, it is a system of civil servants who perform the assigned functions of public administration. The corpus of civil servants consists of people who work in central and local public administration institutions. The concept and scope of civil service in a particular country depends on the legal framework that defines the areas of public and private sectors and their relationship. In many countries, civil service consists of an upper level, a mid-level, and civil servants who work for coordinating, independent, and auxiliary institutions. However, the scope of civil service in different countries varies. When analyzing/comparing civil service systems of different countries, researchers often categorize them as Western European, continental European, Anglo-American, Anglo-Saxon, Eastern European, Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Asian, or African.All European Union member states can be classified into two groups: the career system—dominant in continental Europe, with the prevalence of traditional-hierarchical public administration, rational bureaucracy, and formalized operational rules—and the position system—dominant in Anglo-Saxon countries, with the prevalence of managerial principles, pragmatic administration, and charismatic leadership. Neither of the two models exists in pure form. If features of the career model dominate in the civil service of a country, it is identified as a country with the career CS model; if elements of the position model dominate the country is identified as a country with the position civil service model. An intermediate version of this model, characteristic of a number of countries, is the mixed/hybrid model.Many civil service researchers claim that in the case of two competing systems of civil service—closed (the career model) and open (the position model)—reforms of the open civil service system win. It has been argued that the organizing principles of the open, result-oriented civil service system (the position model), which is under the influence of “new public management,” will permanently “drive out” the closed, vertically integrated and formal procedure-oriented career model. Scholars argue that civil servants of the future will have to be at ease with more complexity and flexibility. They will have to be comfortable with change, often rapid change. At the same time, they will make more autonomous decisions and be more responsible, accountable, performance-oriented, and subject to new competency and skill requirements.

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Rau, Jochen. Quantum Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0002.

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From the outset statistical mechanics will be framed in the language of quantum theory. The typical macroscopic system is composed of multiple constituents, and hence described in some many-particle Hilbert space. In general, not much is known about such a system, certainly not the precise preparation of all its microscopic details. Thus, its description requires a more general notion of a quantum state, a so-called mixed state. This chapter begins with a brief review of the basic axioms of quantum theory regarding observables, pure states, measurements, and time evolution. Particular attention is paid to the use of projection operators and to the most elementary quantum system, a two-level system. The chapter then motivates the introduction of mixed states and examines in detail their mathematical representation and properties. It also dwells on the description of composite systems, introducing, in particular, the notions of statistical independence and correlations.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pure and mixed solvent systems"

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Hupp, Joseph T., Edward M. Kober, Gregory A. Neyhart, and Thomas J. Meyer. "Solvent and Temperature Effects in Mixed-Valence Chemistry." In Mixed Valency Systems: Applications in Chemistry, Physics and Biology, 51–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3606-8_4.

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Caudle, Benjamin, Toni E. Kirkes, Cheng-Hsiu Yu, and Chau-Chyun Chen. "THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF AQUEOUS AND MIXED SOLVENT ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS." In Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 493–504. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119600800.ch21.

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Matveev, V. V., V. E. Isaenkov, S. V. Belov, and N. V. Korneev. "Study of Anthraquinone and Graphite Electrode Behaviour in Mixed Solvent Sulphuric Acid." In New Promising Electrochemical Systems for Rechargeable Batteries, 467–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1643-2_35.

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Esterhuizen, Willem, and Jean Lévine. "From Pure State and Input Constraints to Mixed Constraints in Nonlinear Systems." In Feedback Stabilization of Controlled Dynamical Systems, 125–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51298-3_5.

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Liu, Haiwei, Yaoxiong Wang, and Feng Shuang. "Optimal Single Quantum Measurement of Multi-level Quantum Systems between Pure State and Mixed State." In Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 351–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25899-2_48.

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Manenti, Riccardo. "Entanglement." In Quantum Information Science, 333–72. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787488.003.0009.

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Abstract This chapter describes entanglement in bipartite systems. We define entanglement for pure states introducing the concept of Schmidt decomposition, and we show that entanglement can be quantified through the von Neumann entropy. We then present dense coding and teleportation, two quantum information protocols that use entanglement as a resource. We present the notions of locality and realism and derive the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality, an extended version of Bell’s inequalities. We then focus on mixed states and we present different techniques to solve the separability problem

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Mori, Y., and S. Kobayashi. "Homogeneous Mixed-Solvent Systems." In Water in Organic Synthesis, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-206-00594.

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Mori, Y., and S. Kobayashi. "Heterogeneous Mixed-Solvent Systems." In Water in Organic Synthesis, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-206-00595.

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CONNORS, KENNETH A. "THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF SOLVENT EFFECTS IN MIXED SOLVENT SYSTEMS." In Handbook of Solvents, 467–90. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-895198-64-5.50013-1.

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Ionescu, Lavinel G., and Elizabeth Fátima de Souza. "Micellar Catalyzed Reactions in Mixed Solvent Systems." In Surfactants in Solution, 123–33. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003067580-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pure and mixed solvent systems"

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Hagani, Fouad, M'hamed Boutaous, Ronnie Knikker, Shihe Xin, and Dennis Siginer. "Numerical Modeling of Non-Affine Viscoelastic Fluid Flow Including Viscous Dissipation Through a Square Cross-Section Duct: Heat Transfer Enhancement due to the Inertia and the Elastic Effects." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23558.

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Abstract Non-isothermal laminar flow of a viscoelastic fluid including viscous dissipation through a square cross–section duct is analyzed. Viscoelastic stresses are described by Giesekus modele orthe Phan-Thien–Tanner model and the solvent shear stress is given by the linear Newtonian constitutive relationship. The flow through the tube is governed by the conservation equations of energy, mass, momentum associated with to one non–affine rheological model mentioned above. The mixed type of the governing system of equations (elliptic–parabolic–hyperbolic) requires coupling between discretisation methods designed for elliptic–type equations and techniques adapted to transport equations. To allow appropriate spatial discretisation of the convection terms, the system is rewritten in a quasi-linear first-order and homogeneous form without the continuity and energy equations. With the rheological models of the Giesekus type, the conformation tensor is by definition symmetrical and positive-definite, with the PTT model the hyperbolicity condition is subject to restrictions related to the rheological parameters. Based on this hyperbolicity condition, the contribution of the hyperbolic part is approximated by applying the characteristic method to extract pure advection terms which are then discretized by high ordre schemes WENO and HOUC. The algorithm thus developed makes it possible, to avoid the problems of instabilities related to the high Weissenberg number without the use of any stabilization method. Finally, a Nusselt number analysis is given as a function of inertia, elasticity, viscous dissipation, for constant solvent viscosity ratio and constant material and rheological parameters.

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Sathyaruban, Sutharshiny, Shivatharsiny Yohi, and Sivashanthini Kuganathan. "Determination Of Proximate Composition And Crude Yeild Of Shrimp Shells(Peneaus Semisulcatus)." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.777.

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The present study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of green tiger prawn and to select the suitable solvent system for carotenoid extraction. Samples (P. semisulcatus) were purchased from the landsites and transported to the laboratory in an ice box. The whole shrimp were peeled manually, and the residues, consisting head, tail and shells are separated. The moisture content, total lipid, protein, and ash content were quantified using standard methods. Weight of extracted crude of shrimp shells and retention factor (Rf) for the shrimp shell powder were determined using different pure and mixed organic solvents. Moisture content of the fresh shrimp shells was found to be 76.40 ± 0.92 %. In the present study, quantification showed that the shrimp shells are significantly rich in ash content (25.52 ± 0.06 % in dry weight). Significantly (p < 0.05) the highest crude yield of 10.24 ± 0.02 % was obtained from shrimp shells, when the dried shrimp shells powder was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1) than the other solvents. The lowest crude yield (2.32 ± 0.01 %) was extracted with ether. The highest Rf was obtained when the shrimp shell crude was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1). It can be recommended from our findings that the dried shrimp shells of Peneaus semisulcatus would be directly utilized for formulations of poultry animal feeds and sea cucumber juvenile feeds due to its high ash content. The mixture of the acetone and ethanol (1:1) would be the better choice for obtaining the highest crude yield from the shrimp shells.

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Warde, Cardinal. "SLM-specific imperfections and their influence on optical processor performance." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tue1.

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Imperfections in today's spatial light modulators (SLMs) include one or more of the following: inactive zones in modulators with spatially discrete pixels, mixed (phase/amplitude) modulation rather than pure phase or pure amplitude modulation, nonlinear transfer characteristics in both optically and electrically addressed SLMs, bandpass spatial frequency characteristics in some devices, and strong readout light absorption losses in certain devices. When SLMs are used in optical processors, these imperfections lead to a variety of problems, including loss of correlation peak sharpness in optical processors, image distortion and blurring, fixed pattern noise in reconstructed images, and low signal throughput in complex systems. Continuous-pixel SLMs with spatially continuous drivers offer sufficient spatial resolution to solve the inactive zone problem. While phase-only and almost-amplitude-only modulators exist, there seems to be no device that offers a linear relationship between modulator output (modulated readout light amplitude or phase) and driver characteristic (e.g., write light intensity or electrode voltage) over the full modulation range of the device. Application-specific modulator choice is therefore an important consideration.

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Mahmoud, Mohamed A., and Ahmed H. Al-Salman. "Determination of Dissolved BTEX in Glycol Dehydrators by Developing an In-House Technique." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24545-ea.

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Abstract Tri-Ethylene Glycol (TEG) is the most widely used solvents for natural gas dehydration process in the Oil & Gas industry. However, TEG also has a capacity to absorb other species such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) that may be present in the processed gas at the dehydrator contactor conditions and then desorbed at regeneration conditions giving rise to atmosphere as off-gas in atmosphere regeneration system. BTEX and other volatile compounds and light components are released in the regeneration process together with water vapor as Off-gas. In an open regeneration system, the off-gas stream is vented to atmosphere where it becomes a source of emission of various constituents including BTEX. In this paper we will elaborate the study which was conducted to establish test method to quantify BTEX at one of the gas gathering facilities handling sweet associated gas. At initial stage, there was no a well-known methodology to enable determination of BTEX from the Rich and Lean TEG. Two novel test methods were developed to find the proper and accurate quantification technique to determine BTEX concentration in Rich and Lean Glycol samples using Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GC-EA) and unique sample extraction techniques, a) by using Purge and Trap technique for Mixed diluted sample with aid of methanol 1:1 ratio. B) by Direct injection after Liquid/Liquid extraction with ultra-pure n-Hexane solvent. Both techniques were applied using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy technique using DB-5MS capillary column (30 m in length, 0.32mm inner Diameter and 0.25 µm stationary phase film thickness). The obtained results of Toluene, Ethyl-Benzene and Xylene were matched by both sample injection techniques; however, Benzene recovered concentration was 25 % lower at the direct injection mode with liquid/liquid extraction, which is due to its high volatility and low boiling point. The data has been derived through comprehensive study for the BTEX concentration inlet and Outlet of the feed gas stream of the TEG Absorber and was matched with the mass balance and flow assurance analysis. The data analysis shows high values of emitted BTEX to atmosphere by 20-35% more than the accepted limits for all components, therefore a modification has been conducted to reconnect the off-gas with the production stream which will enhance the recovery of the gas and eliminate release of BTEX to atmosphere.

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Kim, Jaehwan, Sang Yeol Yang, Min Hee Lee, Jung Hwan Kim, Zhijiang Cai, Joo Hyung Kim, and Kwang Sun Kang. "Cellulose Smart Material for Sensor, Actuator and MEMS Applications." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-381.

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Cellulose Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) has been discovered as a smart material that can be used as a sensor and actuator [1]. It has many advantages in terms of low voltage operation, light weight, low power consumption, low cost, biocompatibility and biodegradability. EAPap is made with cellulose paper coated with thin electrodes. EAPap shows a reversible and reproducible bending movement as well as longitudinal displacement under electric field. The out-of-plane bending deformation is useful for achieving flapping wings, micro-insect robots, and smart wall papers. On the other hand, in-plane strains, such as extension and contraction of EAPap materials are also promising for artificial muscle applications. The actuation principle of cellulose EAPap bending actuator is known to be a combination of piezoelectric effect and ion migration effect. This paper presents further investigation of cellulose EAPap for actuator, sensor and MEMS devices. Piezoelectricity is one of major actuating mechanism of cellulose EAPap. Cellulose is a complex anisotropic material. Aligning cellulose fibers in the fabrication process is a critical parameter to improve mechanical and electromechanical properties of EAPap such as stiffness, strength, piezoelectricity and so on. Cotton cellulose fibers are dissolved into a solution using NaOH/urea and DMAc/LiCl methods. In the later method, the dissolution and shaping of cellulose can be carried out by DMAc/LiCl. Cellulose pulp was mixed with lithium chloride (LiCl) and dehydrated by heating. After adding DMAc (N, N-dimethylacetamide) to the mixture, swell it in room temperature. By heating it a solution formation can be obtained. There are some issues on eliminating solvent and ions and regenerating a pure cellulose films. The material processing all about EAPap has been introduced [2, 3]. Wet drawn stretching method is used in the fabrication process of cellulose film to increase its mechanical and electromechanical properties. This wet-drawn cellulose EAPap is termed as Piezo-Paper. Cellulose EAPap material can be customized to satisfy the material requirement for specific applications. Piezo-Paper can be used for strain sensors, vibration sensors, ultrasonic transducers, SAW devices, speakers, microphones, stack actuators, bending actuators and MEMS devices. Figure 1 shows some applications. Piezoelectric charge constant of Piezo-Paper is 70 pC/N. Details of piezoelectric characteristics of Piezo-Paper and its applications are presented in this paper. Micro-fabrication on cellulose EAPap has many applications, for example, MEMS sensors, e-Paper, thin film transistor (TFT), and even microwave-driven EAPap actuator. To develop microwave-driven EAPap actuator, rectenna (rectifying antenna) has been developed [4]. Rectenna can rectify microwaves and feed dc power without wire. Thus, this technology has many applications. To fabricate the rectenna array on cellulose EAPap, micro patterning of metallic layer and Schottky diode fabrication were studied. The Schottky diode fabrication gives the possibility of TFT on cellulose sheet. Advancing from this technology, SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) device fabrication for humidity sensor is possible. The devices fabrication along with the characterization and their demonstration will be shown. Cellulose EAPap technology will bring the dream of flying magic paper into real world in the near future.

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Calvillo-Cortes, David A., and Leo C. N. de Vreede. "Analysis of pure- and mixed-mode class-B outphasing amplifiers." In 2014 IEEE 5th Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lascas.2014.6820271.

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Chaustre Ruiz, Andres Javier, Maria Daniela Mayorga Ariza, Petro Babak, and Apostolos Kantzas. "Complex Mass Transfer Phenomena in Bitumen Solvent Systems." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212778-ms.

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Abstract The overall objective of this study was to perform a series of diffusion experiments between liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., propane, pentane, and toluene) and bitumen or heavy oil to observe and analyze mass transfer in the systems. Some difficulties, such as the complex behavior of the phases, the high viscosity, and the opacity of hydrocarbons, generate the need for different techniques to measure mass transfer coefficients in heavy crude oils. In this work, X-ray tomography was used for such measurements. The measurements are carried out in environments where the sedimentation of solids is encouraged. To achieve this, a novel setup was designed and assembled to measure the mass transfer in these systems based on the density profiles established over time in aluminum containers that contain fluids. The containers were regularly scanned to track the behavior of the density profiles over time. The data was collected and analyzed, obtaining interesting results, which will be important as a starting point for future research related to systems that integrate interactions between solvents and oils in the recovery processes. Due to the novel results obtained in the original test, 7 sets of experiments were carried out, all with unique characteristics, trying to analyze its results in detail. One of the objectives is to analyze if the mass transfer is uniform and constant during long periods. This work shows results that were never published in the previous literature, such as partial miscibility when mixing n-propane and bitumen, oil swelling, oil shrinking, asphaltene precipitation and sedimentation, total miscibility, and the effect of adding pure asphaltenes and calcium carbonate to the mixture, among others. In addition, the impacts on the effectiveness of the proposed processes for the production and refining of these solvents are discussed.

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Thielsch, Roland, Matthieu Pommies, Joerg Heber, Norbert Kaiser, and Jens Ullmann. "Structural and mechanical properties of evaporated pure and mixed MgF2-BaF2 thin films." In Optical Systems Design and Production, edited by Claude Amra and H. Angus Macleod. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.360125.

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Montajir, Rahman M., Terunao Kawai, Hisakazu Suzuki, Hajime Ishii, Yuichi Goto, and Matsuo Odaka. "Mixture Formation and Auto-Ignition Behavior of Pure and Mixed Normal Paraffin Fuels." In SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3096.

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Alokla, Mosa, Mais Alkhateeb, and Dipl Mohammad Alokla. "Improving Learning Management Systems to Better Assist Computer Science Teaching in Qatar Higher Education Institutions [ABSTRACT]." In InSITE 2023: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5169.

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Hybrid learning first appeared in the late 1990s as a new way of teaching for distance learning that used computers and the internet to improve students' learning and encourage teachers to change their teaching techniques, resulting in a shift in learning from a teacher-centered model to a more student-centered model. This study contributed to theory, practice, empirical and policy. Theoretically, the study considered the investigate the mediating effect of human resource information system on effect of perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyments, hybrid attitude, hedonic motivation, learning experience, and engagement, on satisfaction in Community College of Qatar (CCQ). Furthermore, as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, many postsecondary schools have moved to online delivery and learning, forcing many instructors to experiment with online and HL approaches, such as online multimedia and video presentations. In comparison to traditional face-to-face techniques or pure online settings, current research has largely verified that HL is seen to be beneficial (Hill et al., 2017) and has the potential to boost student happiness. Research Problem. Hybrid learning (HL), an emerging of online and face-to-face training, has also been increasingly adopted to solve the issues linked with the need for a new pedagogy (Allen, et al., 2007), by discussing Qatar Higher Education Institutions, the region in which this research will be conducted, this research will be to conduct the Hybrid Learning Approach (HLA) on the Higher Education Institutions in the State of Qatar, which has seven Community College of Qatar (CCQ) throughout the country and has been forced to change its teaching methods due to the Covid 19 pandemic. In hybrid learning, student happiness can impact motivation, student achievement, and completion rate. The course materials, which incorporate multimedia, simulations, hands-on exercises, and games given through the internet with live classroom sessions, may contribute to satisfaction in the mixed setting. Therefore, this study will bridge the gap created by the previous study to investigate the mediating effect of human resource information system on effect of perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyments, hybrid attitude, hedonic motivation, learning experience, and engagement, on satisfaction in CCQ. The unit of analysis of this study will be CCQ. The students in the CCQ are the respondents of this study. The choice of respondents for the present study was considered in relation to the knowledge required on the issues under investigation. The purpose of this study is to add to a better understanding of the present status of CCQ. Therefore, the population of this study consisted of all students in the 7 CCQ. Therefore, the populations of this study are 40,687 students. This study employed probability sampling design using proportional and simple random sampling. As a result, the pilot test questionnaire for this study will be based on existing research.

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Reports on the topic "Pure and mixed solvent systems"

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Clark, Sue B. Controlling Actinide Hydration in Mixed Solvent Systems: Towards Tunable Solvent Systems to Close the Fuel Cycle. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330466.

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Dyer, James. VERIFICATION TESTING OF OLI SYSTEMS MIXED SOLVENT ELECTROLYTE MODEL FOR THE NA-K-MG-CA-H-CL-SO4-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-H2O SYSTEM TO HIGH IONIC STRENGTH AT 25OC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1993037.

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