Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pup mortality

Academic literature on the topic 'Pup mortality'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pup mortality"

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Arulanandam, K., R. Sridhar, M. Thangapandiyan, and C. Balachandran. "Pathology of Rabies in Pup Mortality." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 4252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.499.

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Arulanandam, K., R. Sridhar, T. Mohanapriya, and C. Balachandran. "Role of Ehrlichiosis in Canine Pup Mortality." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 4232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.496.

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Arulanandam, K., R. Sridhar, and C. Balachandran. "Role of babesiosis in canine pup mortality." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4c.9883.

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Arulanandam, K., R. Sridhar, and C. Balachandran. "Role of helminthes in canine pup mortality." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4c.9884.

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Leidinger, Charlotte S., Christa Thöne-Reineke, Nadine Baumgart, and Jan Baumgart. "Environmental enrichment prevents pup mortality in laboratory mice." Laboratory Animals 53, no. 1 (May 22, 2018): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677218777536.

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Early death of mouse pups is a commonly known problem in breeding mice colonies, which is still often regarded as ‘normal’ or is even overlooked due to the counting procedures applied. As reduced breeding performance probably indicates reduced well-being, this seems to be an underestimated welfare issue in laboratory mouse breeding. The present study compares the influence of three different forms of enrichment in breeding cages on infant survival rate and development of C57BL/6J mice. Our data reveal that lack of enrichment results in greater preweaning pup mortality, reduced weight and delayed development. Changing the environmental conditions after birth cannot prevent litter loss but improves the development of pups born in impoverished environments. Overall, our results underline the importance of early counting of mice for optimizing refinement strategies to ensure well-being and breeding success.
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Andriyanto, Andriyanto, Leliana Nugrahaning Widi, Hamdika Yendri, Kharisma Mardathilah, Diky Yuliansah, Firda Agustin, Aulia Andi Mustika, and Wasmen Manalu. "Use of Herb Combination (Jamu Atoke) Before Mating to Improve Rat Pup Health." Majalah Kedokteran Bandung 54, no. 1 (March 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2629.

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Mortality and health disturbances in children often correlate with maternal health and fertility. Avocado, mung bean sprouts, and holy basil have been traditionally used to improve maternal health, before and during pregnancy. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of herbal combination of avocado, mung bean sprouts, and holy basil (Jamu ATOKE) in optimizing reproductive health. Eighteen female Sprague Dawley rats (9–10 weeks old, BW: 180–250 g) were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (n=6 rats for each group) of control, group I and II. ATOKE were added into rats drinking water and consumed for 30 days before pregnancy. After the rats were pregnant and gave birth, pup per parent ratio, pup mortality, and pup health performance (body weight gain, feed and drink consumption, motor activity, pup speed in finding light and feed, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count and differential, SGPT, SGOT, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-6) were analyzed. Pups born to in group I had a generally better health performance compared to the control group. There was a 100% mortality in the litter of group II due to the excessive aggressive behavior of the dams as a sign of toxicity. Administration of 2.5% Jamu ATOKE showed the best effects on the health and intelligence of the rat pup.
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Pistorius, Pierre, Marthán Bester, Stephen Kirkman, and Frances Taylor. "Pup mortality in southern elephant seals at Marion Island." Polar Biology 24, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000100285.

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Trites, Andrew W., and Peter A. Larkin. "The Decline and Fall of the Pribilof Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus): A Simulation Study." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-183.

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A mathematical model incorporating the basic life history features of the North Pacific fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) approximated the decline of the Pribilof Islands population by reconstructing pup estimates and counts of adult males over the period 1950 to 1987. Simulation results suggest that commercial female harvesting and a series of poor juvenile survival rates were responsible for causing and maintaining the observed decline in pup production on St. Paul Island from 1956 to 1970. A more recent drop in pup production since 1976 is also attributed to poor juvenile survival, but with the addition of higher natural mortalities of adult females. It appears that the natural mortality of adult females may have increased by 2 to 5% beginning in the mid 1970s. We suspect reductions in the fur seal food base and entanglement-related mortality associated with commercial fishing in the North Pacific are contributing to the current decline, although neither possibility has yet been clearly demonstrated.
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Weaver, S. R., C. M. Cronick, A. P. Prichard, J. Laporta, N. J. Benevenga, and L. L. Hernandez. "Use of the RatLoft decreases pup mortality in lactating mice." Laboratory Animals 50, no. 5 (July 10, 2016): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677215617388.

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Pemberton, D., and RJ Kirkwood. "Pup production and distribution of the Australian fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, in Tasmania." Wildlife Research 21, no. 3 (1994): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940341.

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In Tasmanian waters Australian fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, breed on five islands in Bass Strait with non-breeding haul-out sites situated in Bass Strait and along the south-eastern and southern Tasmanian coastline. Estimates of pup production were obtained over four breeding seasons between 1989 and 1993 by aerial photography, ground counts and mark-recapture censuses. Pupping commences in late October, with 90% of pups born between 2 and 20 December. Pup mortality is estimated at 15% by early January, when ground censusing was conducted. Pup production of breeding colonies in Tasmanian waters was highest in 1991, with 5130 pups estimated to have been born.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pup mortality"

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Michael, Sarah. "Causes and mitigation of pup mortality in New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28192.

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New Zealand (NZ) sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) are an endangered and endemic species to NZ. Following historic extirpation from their original range around mainland NZ, now nearly all breeding occurs at islands in the NZ sub-Antarctic between latitudes 50-53°S. Following a period of decline in pup production at the Auckland Islands for a decade to near threshold low numbers in 2015, around half of that at the apparent peak, the New Zealand Sea Lion Threat Management Plan was developed with several streams aiming to guide research and active management to improve the species’ population trajectory. NZ sea lions at the most studied site, Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands have been subject to several disease events, with ongoing impacts on pups due to a now endemic hypervirulent (HV) strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae following epizootic emergence at the site in 2001-02. Pup mortality due to HV K. pneumoniae has been modelled as a primary perceived threat to NZ sea lions that if mitigated, could aid in increasing population growth rate. As a result, this thesis aimed to determine the prevalence of all causes of pup mortality, identify important contributing risk factors and investigate potential avenues of active management by conducting a case-control study and a prospective cohort study over two austral summer field seasons (2016-18) at Enderby Island. A nested randomised controlled treatment trial with the anthelmintic ivermectin was run concurrently to assess the contribution of hookworm (Uncinaria spp.) to mortality. Evidence for feasible management options based on demonstrated risk factors for pup mortality is developed and explored.
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Richardson-Calfee, Lisa E. "Post-Transplant Root Production, Mortality, and Periodicity of Landscape-Sized Shade Trees." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28315.

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A more thorough knowledge of rooting behavior of transplanted trees is needed to better understand plant establishment. The objectives of this research were to: 1) determine if transplant timing affected root system regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and willow oak (Q. phellos L.), 2) determine the effect of transplant timing and nursery production system on root, shoot, and trunk growth periodicity of balled-and-burlapped (B&B) and pot-in-pot (PIP) sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and 3) characterize seasonal patterns of root production and mortality of transplanted sugar maple. No new root growth occurred outside or within the root balls of red or willow oak between November transplanting and January excavation. However, new root growth was observed when November- and March-transplanted oaks were excavated in April, indicating that new root growth occurs primarily in late winter and/or early. Transplanted and non-transplanted sugar maples exhibited a pattern of maximum rates of shoot extension in early May, root length accumulation in late May, and trunk expansion in mid June. Rate of root length accumulation was less in summer and fall. Transplanting did not appear to disrupt the normal growth periodicity of sugar maple, except when transplanted in July. Abundant root length accumulation occurred in the July transplants at a time when root length accumulation had slowed in all other treatments, resulting in the July transplants having similar standing root lengths as the other transplants by fall. Standing root length of non-transplanted PIP sugar maple declined dramatically in spring. While root production in sugar maple was limited to the growing season, root mortality occurred at a steadier rate throughout the year. Most root mortality occurred in winter in transplanted trees and spring and summer in non-transplanted trees. Non-transplanted PIP trees had greater standing root length, production, and mortality than the other treatments. Indices of root activity (analogous to turnover rates) and production:mortality ratios illustrated the dominant role that root production plays relative to mortality in recently transplanted trees. These data indicate that transplanting and the PIP production system disrupt typical patterns of root production and mortality in sugar maple.
Ph. D.
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Stewardson, Carolyn Louise, and carolyn stewardson@anu edu au. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030124.162757.

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[For the Abstract, please see the PDF files below, namely "front.pdf"] CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.
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Soto, Karim H. "The effects of prey abundance on the diet, maternal attendance and pup mortality of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) in Peru." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16219.

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The Peruvian upwelling system is one of the most unpredictable but productive marine ecosystems in the world that is regularly affected by El Nino and La Nina events. As a consequence, South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) inhabiting the Peruvian coast face stochastic fluctuations in the abundance and distribution of their prey. The goal of my study was to determine the effects of marine environmental changes on the reproductive success of South American sea lions in Peru on the Ballestas Islands during the 1997-2002 breeding seasons. I also wanted to assess whether changes in diet and maternal behaviour during this time were proxies of major changes in the abundance of marine resources. South American sea lions consumed primarily anchovy and squat lobster during the 1999- 2001 La Nina, but consumed a greater diversity of prey when abundance was low during the 1997-1998 El Nino. Lactating females also modified the length of time they spent at sea and onshore in response to changes in the abundance of prey. Low abundances and quality of prey during El Nino caused females to continue foraging for longer periods. This resulted in greater times between nursing episodes, and ultimately led to the starvation of pups. In contrast, during the 1999-2001 La Nina, females spent shorter times at sea and longer times onshore as prey became more abundant. Pup production and mortality were also directly related to the abundance of prey. Pup mortality reached 100% during El Nino and remained high during the favourable conditions of La Nina due to the short-term effects that El Nino had on population dynamics and subsequent maternal behaviour. Abortions were also higher during El Nino compared to other years, while numbers of pups bom were significantly reduced during and after El Nino due to the death of a high proportion of the adult population. My study suggests that South American sea lions in Peru are highly vulnerable to extreme changes in prey abundance. It also demonstrates that sea lion reproductive parameters, maternal attendance, and diet are strongly related to marine environmental conditions and annual variations in prey abundance. As a result, South American sea lions appear to be good indicators of stochastic changes in the distribution and abundance of marine resources in the Peruvian upwelling ecosystem.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Stewardson, Carolyn Louise. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48199.

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Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.
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Books on the topic "Pup mortality"

1

Phillips, Andrew. Rural, regional and remote health: A study on mortality. 2nd ed. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2007.

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Lemieux, Donald R. Mortality and morbidity among Maine pulp and paper industry workers, 1984-1986. [Augusta, Maine]: Dept. of Human Services, Office of Data, Research, and Vital Statistics, 1988.

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(Editor), W. Zatonski, M. Smans (Editor), J. Tyczynski (Editor), and Peter Boyle (Editor), eds. Atlas of Cancer Mortality in Central Europe (DISCONTINUED (IARC Scient Pub)). IARC Scientific Publications, 1996.

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(Editor), Michel Smans, Calum S. Mair (Editor), and Peter Boyle (Editor), eds. Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the European Economic Community (DISCONTINUED (IARC Scient Pub)). IARC Scientific Publications, 1993.

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(Editor), F. Berrino, R. Capocaccia (Editor), J. Esteve (Editor), G. Gatta (Editor), A. Micheli (Editor), M. Sant (Editor), and A. Verdecchia (Editor), eds. Eurocare-2 Survival of Cancer Patients: In Europe in the Late Eighties (DISCONTINUED (IARC Scient Pub)). IARC Scientific Publications, 2000.

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E, Filipy R., Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., eds. Inhaled PuO nd/or total-body gamma radiation: Early mortality and morbidity in rats and dogs. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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E, Filipy R., Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., eds. Inhaled PuO nd/or total-body gamma radiation: Early mortality and morbidity in rats and dogs. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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E, Filipy R., Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., eds. Inhaled ²³⁹PuO₂ nd/or total-body gamma radiation: Early mortality and morbidity in rats and dogs. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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(Editor), R. Sankaranarayanan, R. J. Black (Editor), and D. M. Parkin (Editor), eds. Cancer Survival in Developing Countries (DISCONTINUED (IARC Scient Pub)). IARC Scientific Publications, 1999.

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Nava, Stefano, and Luca Fasano. Ventilator Liberation Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0039.

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The weaning process should ideally begin as soon as the patient is intubated and continue through the treatment of the cause inducing acute respiratory failure. Weaning includes the assessment of readiness to extubate, extubation, and post-extubation monitoring; it also includes consideration of non-invasive ventilation which has been shown to reduce the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in selected patients. Weaning accounts for approximately 40% of the total time spent on mechanical ventilation and should be achieved rapidly, since prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with increased risk of complications and mortality and with increased costs. During mechanical ventilation, medical management should seek to correct the imbalance between respiratory load and ventilatory capacity (reducing the respiratory and cardiac workload, improving gas exchange and the ventilatory pump power). Ventilator settings delivering partial ventilatory pump support may help prevent ventilator-induced respiratory muscles dysfunction. Daily interruption of sedation has been associated with earlier extubation. Critically ill patients should be repeatedly and carefully screened for readiness to wean and readiness to extubate, and objective screening variables should be fully integrated in clinical decision making.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pup mortality"

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Francis, J. M., and C. B. Heath. "Population Abundance, Pup Mortality, and Copulation Frequency in the California Sea Lion in Relation to the 1983 El Niño on San Nicolas Island." In Ecological Studies, 119–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76398-4_13.

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MacKay, Emily, Aris Sophocles, George Silvay, and John G. T. Augoustides. "Reducing Perioperative Mortality with the Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump." In Reducing Mortality in the Perioperative Period, 73–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46696-5_10.

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Marten, Meredith G. "The “Sustainability Doctrine” in Donor-Driven Maternal Health Programs in Tanzania." In Global Maternal and Child Health, 73–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84514-8_5.

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AbstractStrengthening health systems to provide equitable, sustainable health care has been identified as essential for improving maternal and reproductive health. Many donors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have contributed to undermining health system strengthening, however, through adhering to what Swidler and Watkins call the “sustainability doctrine,” policies that prioritize time-limited, targeted interventions best suited for short-term funding streams, rather than the long-term needs of local populations. This chapter presents ethnographic data from semi-structured and key informant interviews with 16 policymakers and NGO directors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from 2011 to 2012. I illustrate how sustainability doctrine policies were put into practice, and how they have persisted, despite their shortcomings, using examples of donor-prioritized maternal healthcare initiatives in Tanzania rolled-out several years apart: prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC) programs in the late 2000s, and more recent efforts to implement respectful maternity care (RMC) programs. I focus on several issues informants identified as crippling efforts to build strong health systems, particularly the internal brain drain of healthcare workers from the public sector to higher-paying NGO jobs, and the prioritization of types of programs donors believed could be sustained after the funding period ended, specifically trainings and workshops. I describe how despite these issues, international organizations still design and implement less effective programs that often fail to account for local circumstances in their efforts to solve some of the more intractable health issues facing Tanzania today, in particular, the country’s stagnating maternal mortality rate. In this chapter, I argue that practices promoted and implemented under the guise of “sustainability” in policy papers and reports generated by donors paradoxically contribute to health system precarity in Tanzania.
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Schiesaro, Alessandro. "Intimations of Mortality." In Philosophy in Ovid, Ovid as Philosopher, 287–307. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610336.003.0015.

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Ovid’s poetry repeatedly addresses eschatological themes, starting with the apocalyptic flood visited by Jupiter upon the world at the very beginning of the Metamorphoses. This chapter suggests that there are recurrent features of Ovid’s eschatological thought which can be traced across both the Metamorphoses and the poetry from Pontus. The main feature is a form of “conditional eschatology,” which is first on display in the flood narrative: destruction is intimated, or initiated, but can be staved off by the benevolent intervention of a providential ruler. The same pattern applies to the katabatic description of Ovid’s journey into exile in Tristia 1.2, where he is almost shipwrecked, and is the aspiration that underlies his permanence in Pontus. Here, eschatology is embodied in space, in an extreme landscape, rather than in time, while year after year, book after book, Ovid lives in the hope that another providential intervention may put an end to his suffering. Instead of his recall to Rome, however, Ovid experiences the passing of time as perpetual stillness, as a form of deferral and repetition that finds its most explicit representation in the Ibis.
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Halkos, Michael E., Emmanuel Moss, and John D. Puskas. "Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting." In Core Concepts in Cardiac Surgery, 33–52. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735465.003.0002.

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Although an abundance of literature comparing on-pump (ONCAB) versus off-pump (OPCAB) coronary artery bypass grafting exists, the optimal surgical strategy remains controversial. While many centers have adopted off-pump techniques, OPCAB surgery remains in the minority of coronary artery bypass grafting procedures performed in the United States. Proponents of ONCAB cite the lack of convincing data in randomized trials demonstrating a benefit for OPCAB, while also citing large observational and registry data that suggest an associated reduction of in-hospital mortality and morbidity with OPCAB. Even more controversial are the reports of graft patency, completeness of revascularization, and the need for repeat revascularization. The advantages and limitations of off-pump surgery, along with its technical considerations, are discussed in detail in this chapter.
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Berzin, Tyler M., and Kenneth R. Falchuk. "Peptic Ulcer Disease." In The Brigham Intensive Review of Internal Medicine, 710–18. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199358274.003.0069.

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves the stomach or duodenum and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality both in the United States and worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence estimated at 5–15%. For a good part of the 20th century PUD was felt to be a condition related to stress and dietary factors. More recently, our understanding of PUD has been advanced by research into the role of gastric acid secretion and the benefits of various classes of antisecretory medications and, perhaps most importantly, in 1984, by Warren and Marshall, who identified Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a pathogenic agent in this disease. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and H. pylori eradication regimens have altered the natural history of what once was a chronic disease, and they have also reduced peptic ulcer complications, limiting the need for surgery.
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Torregrossa, Gianluca, David P. Taggart, and John D. Puskas. "Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting." In State of the Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization, edited by Joseph F. Sabik, Stuart J. Head, and Vipin Zamvar, 337–42. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758785.003.0058.

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Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is a highly specialized technique with the potential for reduction of in-hospital morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk patient populations. When possible, it should be performed as a clampless or no-aortic-touch technique with multiple or all-arterial conduits. By optimizing longevity of graft patency with arterial conduits and minimizing the risk of perioperative stroke by minimizing aortic manipulation, clampless and no-aortic-touch off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting techniques may be considered the ideal form of surgical coronary revascularization.
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Bharali, Alakesh, Bhargab Deka, Himangshu Sarma, Ashique Ahmed, Bedanta Bhattacharjee, Santa Sarma, Suman Kumar, Susankar Kushari, and Rajlakshmi Devi. "The Role of Vitamin D in the Restriction of the Progress and Severity of COVID-19 Infection." In Vitamin D Deficiency - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106980.

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SARS-CoV-2 has affected socio-economic activity in every country around the world since its outbreak began in 2019. 3.5 million people have died worldwide as of now, including 3.2 lakh in India. The cytokine storm significantly contributes to COVID mortality. To put it simply, the virus causes an uncontrolled release of cytokines, which results in severe inflammation, multi-organ failure, and death. Vitamin D was discovered to be a significant risk factor for cytokine storm in COVID patients. Numerous studies have demonstrated that those with deficient serum vitamin D levels have a significant mortality rate. The current understanding of the role of vitamin D in immune modulation in the innate and adaptive immune systems and how this may relate to COVID-19 is discussed in this article. Additionally, we evaluated the most recent clinical information about vitamin D deficiency, cytokine storm, and COVID-19 mortality.
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Arsenović, Daniela. "Climate and population in Central Europe: results for temperature-related mortality in Novi Sad." In New Generations in Demography: New Challenging Adventures in the Population Science. University of Economics, Prague Oeconomica Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pu.2019.ars.2302.6.

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P. Vettath, Murali, Arunachalam Vellachamy Kannan, Ganagadharan Nitin, Siddegowda Nagaraju Gururkirana, Koroth Smera, Raman Gopalakrishnan, and A. K. Baburajan. "Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB), the New Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass (CCAB) Technique." In Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104567.

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Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), has evolved over the last twenty-five years. Having pioneered this evolution for the last two decades and more, we have moved from an on-pump surgical unit to a completely off-pump surgical unit. This on-pump surgery was in vogue for the past six decades. This was labeled the Conventional CABG (CCAB). We have over the last two decades made off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) the new CCAB. To make this a reality, we had to invent, innovate, fabricate and modify techniques and technology, so as to make ourselves comfortable to perform all our CABGs without the use of the Heart-lung machine (HLM). We have over the last twenty years performed more than five thousand OPCAB surgeries in this city alone, with a mortality of less than 1%.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pup mortality"

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Auttila, Miina, Jouni Koskela, Tero Sipilä, and Raisa Tiilikainen. "Improving the accuracy of estimations on natality and pre-weaning pup mortality of the endangered Saimaa ringed seal." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107286.

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van Esch, Bart. "Injury and Mortality to Fish Passing Through Pumping Stations." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-06015.

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An unwanted side effect of pumping stations is that fish suffer from injury and mortality when passing through the pumps and that fish migration is hampered. In recent years, the development of so-called “fish-friendly pumping stations” is becoming a hot topic among European governmental institutions and pump manufacturers. In the Netherlands, many field studies have been conducted over the last decade, to assess the chances of survival for fish passing through pumps. However, a clear correlation between observed injury or mortality and (for example) flow rate, shaft speed or pump type could not be established. This paper presents a new analysis of the above mentioned field studies. It makes use of American studies on the biological criteria for fish injury, the most important of which are pressure changes, shear forces, and mechanical injury. A blade strike model was adapted to fish passing through centrifugal pumps of radial, mixed-flow, and axial type. It reveals the relation between fish injury and the type of pump, its size, shaft speed, and pressure head. The results correlate well with experiments. The flow through a typical mixed-flow pump is calculated using CFD. The results show that pressure fluctuations and shear forces are not likely to add to fish mortality. The paper concludes with guidelines for the design and selection of “fish-friendly pumps” in pumping stations.
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Owings, A. H., M. E. Sloan, J. J. Liu, S. C. Glover, G. E. Abraham, and M. Senitko. "Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Associated with Increased Mortality in African American COVID-19 Patients." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a3817.

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Bakanach, Olga Vyacheslavovna, and Natalia Alekseevna Burova. "ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF MORTALITY OF THE WORKING-AGE POPULATION IN THE SAMARA REGION." In Актуальные аспекты развития современной науки. Самара: Самарский государственный экономический университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/cadms-2020-pp.31.

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Samaha, Mohammed E. "The Application of Computerised Maintenance Management System to Equipment Failure History." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-080.

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This paper discusses how equipment failure history stored in a computerised maintenance management system has been effectively used through the application of Weibull analysis to give an indication of the component failure mechanism (e.g., infant mortality, random failure, premature wear-out). Weibull analysis was also used to predict plant and equipment reliability by calculating the number of failures expected to occur in the future using Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Examples are given for component, equipment, and system failure studies for crude oil pump stations shipper pumps, steam turbines, and natural gas liquidation compression trains.
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Elliott, Kerry A. E., Robin H. Johns, Abu B. Karim, Susana Borja-Boluda, Geoffrey J. Bellingan, and David C. J. Howell. "High Plateau Airway Pressures (PAP) Correlate With Increased Mortality In Pulmonary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (p-ARDS) Whereas Positive Fluid Balance (FB) is Associated With Increased Mortality In Extrapulmonary ARDS (ep-ARDS)." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2593.

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Ammar, A., S. D. Bali, Y. Galili, M. Lytle, E. Albaddawi, and R. A. Khan. "Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Pre-Intervention Upper GI Bleed Receiving Continuous IV Proton Pump Inhibitor versus Twice Daily Dosing." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a1678.

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Srivastava, Astha, Bindiya Gupta, Vikas Lakha, and Shilpa Singh. "Study on cervical cancer screening amongst nurses." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685284.

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Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at tertiary centre regarding cervical cancer screening. Material and Methods: Validated questionnaire was circulated amongst staff nurses at tertiary care centre after taking informed consent. Results and Discussion: Cancer of cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy in female and it is ranked second to breast cancer. It has a positive association with HPV infection. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially following introduction of screening programmes. This present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at GTB Hospital towards cervical cancer risk factors, sign & symptoms and screening as they are important health professionals. In our study, the results showed that 99% of respondents were aware of Pap smear as screening programme and about 60-70% were aware of HPV as positive organism, but most of them never had a Pap smear done before. Majority of them did not know VIA, VILI and colposcopy as screening techniques. Conclusion: It may thus be recommended that institutions should periodically organize seminars and training for health personnel especially the nurses which form a group of professionals that should give health education to women about cervical cancer.
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Krakers, L. A., N. P. Kruyt, and H. A. Rutjes. "Full-Scale Validation of a Comprehensive Criterion to Predict Fish-Friendliness of Pumps." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-16450.

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Many pumping stations in drainage & irrigation applications are currently equipped with conventional (not fish friendly designed) pumps. Field tests have been performed [1] for several pump types of a certain size at certain pumping conditions to assess survival rates of fish passing through pumps. In order to compare different pump types of different sizes at different pumping conditions, a general criterion is required. Testing of fish friendliness of pumps is expensive and involves animal tests with living fish for which permits are required. Therefore, pump manufacturers prefer to perform fish friendliness tests for a single pump size. In order to convert such results to other pump sizes, a scaling law is desired. Van Esch [2, 3] made a first attempt to address scaling principles for fish friendliness of pumps. In the current study a general criterion is described to predict fish friendliness of pumps by means of models of mortality rates of fish passing through pumps. The criterion is validated with literature data [1–3] and experimental full-scale test data from the newly developed fish-friendly axial flow concrete volute pump by Flowserve with an impeller diameter of 850 mm. The full-scale tests involved a total of 1800 roach, perch and eel deployed over 7 pumping conditions, including 3 different heads and 5 different rotational speeds. The fish-friendliness criterion includes different aspects that together predict the survival rate of fish passing through pumps. The first and most important contributor is the impeller, which can have an axial, mixed or radial flow design. The criterion involves the leading edge shape of the blades. Secondly, the diffuser or volute is considered, which provides a strike probability with diffuser vanes or volute tongue(s). In case the gap between the trailing edge of the impeller vanes and the leading edge of the diffuser vanes or volute tongue(s) is small relative to the fish size, there is the possibility of a “scissor” effect. Research in the USA for fish friendliness of hydropower turbines [4–7] showed that shear velocity and pressure drops can be of importance. Also cavitation (involves pressure drop & vapor bubble implosions), recirculation and turbulence can influence survival rates. At this stage these flow effects are roughly captured using the pump performance curve. This way, extensive CFD calculations to evaluate detailed flow effects can be avoided. For open impellers, the gap between the impeller vanes and wear ring is included in the criterion. In addition, fish species-dependent effects are taken into account, since fish vary widely in their internal and external building plan. For instance salmonid, percid and cyprinid fish respond differently to the same pump design than for example eel. Sharp edges and rough surfaces (for example caused by cavitation, erosion or corrosion) can also be harmful to fish but are not included at this stage.
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Kennedy-Metz, Lauren, Roger Dias, Rithy Srey, Geoffrey Rance, Kay Leissner, Suzana Zorca, Alexander Shapeton, and Marco Zenati. "Human Factors Analysis of Goal-Directed Perfusion in Cardiac Surgery." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002120.

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The cardiac surgery operating room (OR) is a complex sociotechnical environment requiring the seamless integration of human-human and human-machine teams. Perfusionists in particular play a critical role in ensuring patient stability by operating the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machine. Goal-directed perfusion (GDP) (oxygen delivery [DO2] ≥ 280 mL/min/m2 during CPB in cardiac surgery) is recommended given the positive results of the Goal-Directed Perfusion Trial (GIFT). However, the additional cognitive burden required by the perfusionist, and associated with the heightened vigilance needed to maintain the GDP threshold, is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between DO2 and perfusionists’ perceived cognitive workload in cardiac surgery.Methods: Experienced perfusionists indicated their perceived cognitive workload immediately after cardiac surgery procedures (N=15) using the validated SURG-TLX index dimensions (mental demands, physical demands, temporal demands, task complexity, situational stress, and distractions). A two-tailed Spearman’s correlation was calculated to investigate the relationship between DO2 and SURG-TLX. IRB approval and informed consent from all participants were obtained.Results: Cases analyzed included 13 coronary artery bypass graft and 2 aortic valve replacement procedures. Patients averaged 66.3 years (SD: 8.3 years) with an average 30-day predicted mortality of 1.03% and 30-day predicted morbidity of 9.36%. Average pump time was 113 minutes (range 77 minutes to 170 minutes). Average body surface area was 2.15 m2 (SD: 0.17 m2).Lower DO2 levels (averaged across the duration of total pump time) were significantly associated with higher overall perceived task load (rs(13) = -0.62, p = 0.014), mental demands (rs(13) = -0.73, p = 0.002), and situational stress (rs(13) = -0.62, p = 0.017) (Figure 1). No significant correlations were detected between average DO2 levels and remaining cognitive workload dimensions.Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate human factors associated with achieving GDP in cardiac surgery. Self-reported measures indicate an elevation in mental demands and situational stress which correspond to lower DO2 values, supporting further investigation into perfusionists’ cognitive state to avoid episodes of cognitive overload and facilitate maintenance of GDP.
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Reports on the topic "Pup mortality"

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Hoy, Sarah, Rolf Peterson, and John Vucetich. Ecological Studies of Wolves on Isle Royale Annual Report 2021-2022. Michigan Technological University, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.wolf-annualreports/2021-2022.

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SUMMARY OF FIELD OPERATIONS Over the past year, fieldwork resumed at pre-pandemic levels. In February 2022, the wolf population was likely comprised of 28 wolves. This is an increase from the next most recent estimate of 12-14 wolves, made 24 months earlier in March 2020 (Fig. 1). The wolf population appears to be primarily organized as two main socia groups—an eastern pack consisting of at least 13 wolves and a western pack most likel consisting of 13 wolves—and two wolves that may not be part of either pack. There is evidence that pups were born to both packs in April 2021. For context, there is also evidence that one litter of pup was born in 2019 and two litters were born in 2020. Wolves appear to be an important cause of mortality for moose once again. In particular, this past year, the proportion of the moose population killed by wolves (i.e., the predation rate) was 8.7 percent. That rate is almost twice as high as the predation rate observed in 2020 (4.5 percent) and it is the highest predation rate observed since 2011. Overall, the new population of wolves on Isle Royale appear to be well-established and functioning healthily. Over the past year, the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) continued its efforts to outfit a small proportion of the wolf population with GPS radio collars to help monitor the recovering population. The estimated abundance of moose declined by 28 percent, from 1,876 to 1,346, between February 2020 and February 2022. Longer-term population trends suggest that the moose population had increased greatly over an eight-year period (2011-2019) but then started to decline over the last few years. The decline in moose abundance is likely a consequence of several factors, including higher predation rates by wolves, severe burdens of parasites (winter ticks), and a shortage of winter forage, indicated in part by an unusually high number of moose dying from malnutrition over the past two years. That shortage of winter forage, specifically balsam fir, is likely due to a combination of intense browsing by moose in previous years and recent defoliation due to budworm (moth larvae) in some regions of the park. In February 2022, 19 moose were outfitted with GPS collars so their movements and behavior can be monitored, adding to the 45 moose radio-collared between 2019 and 2020. For more information, visit isleroyalewolf.org and “Wolves and Moose of Isle Royale” on Facebook and Instagram.
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Cavallo, Eduardo, Oscar Becerra, and Laura Acevedo. The Impact of Natural Disasters on Economic Growth. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003683.

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This paper estimates the impact of catastrophic natural disasters on economic growth using an event study methodology on a country panel dataset from 1970 to 2019. The severity of the events is determined by the associated mortality. We find that affected economies which, given the way natural disasters are ranked, comprise mainly developing countries, suffer an average loss between 2.1 and 3.7 percentage points (p.p.). The estimated loss is not offset by above-average growth rates in the disasters aftermath. In contrast, when the severity of the events is determined by physical intensity rather than by mortality, which implies a more balanced estimating sample of developed and developing economies, the estimated effects on growth are negligible. Thus, the negative impacts of natural disasters on economic growth are larger for poorer countries, suggesting that the impact of natural disasters on growth is an economic development issue.
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Filipy, R. E., J. R. Decker, Y. L. Lai, K. E. Lauhala, R. L. Buschbom, M. P. Hiastala, D. R. McGee, et al. Inhaled /sup 239/PuO/sub 2/ and/or total-body gamma radiation: Early mortality and morbidity in rats and dogs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6922905.

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Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, Hjördís, Sandra Oliveira e Costa, and Åsa Ström Hildestrand. Who is left behind? The impact of place on the ability to follow Covid-19 restrictions. Nordregio, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2021:2.1403-2511.

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While the Nordic countries have long been champions of equality, the Covid-19 pandemic has put a new light on structural injustices inherent in our societies. In Copenhagen, Oslo, Helsinki, Stockholm, and Malmö, districts with a high share of residents with an immigrant background and a low socio-economic status stand out with high infection and mortality rates of Covid-19. The pandemic thus reveals and reminds us about the serious effects of segregation and unequal living conditions on citizens’ health status and ability to cope with and survive a pandemic. This Extended summary is based on a quantitative and qualitative study aiming to identify structural barriers impacting residents’ ability to follow Covid-19 recommendations and guidelines, especially in low-income areas in major Nordic cities. Learning about these barriers - and effective measures taken to mitigate them - will help Nordic authorities and communities be better prepared for future challenges and crises.
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Matenga, Chrispin, and Munguzwe Hichaambwa. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zambia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.039.

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COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The speed with which the pandemic spread geographically, and the high rate of mortality of its victims prompted many countries around the world to institute ‘lockdowns’ of various sorts to contain it. While the global concern in the early months following the emergence of COVID-19 was with health impacts, the ‘lockdown’ measures put in place by governments triggered global socioeconomic shocks as economies entered recessions due to disruption of economic activity that the ‘lockdown’ measures entailed. Data suggests that the socioeconomic shocks arising from ‘lockdowns’ have been more severe in sub-Saharan Africa countries, generating dire livelihood consequences for most citizens who depend on the informal economy for survival. In Zambia, the effects of COVID-19 combined with a severe drought, and a decline in mining activity to contribute to a downward spiral in Zambia’s economy. This report aims to gain real-time insights into how the COVID-19 crisis was unfolding in Zambia and how rural people and food and livelihood systems were responding. The study focused on documenting and understanding the differential impacts of the pandemic at the household level in terms of changes in participation in farming activities, availability of services for agricultural production, labour and employment, marketing and transport services, food and nutrition security and poverty and wellbeing.
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Shpigel, Muki, Allen Place, William Koven, Oded (Odi) Zmora, Sheenan Harpaz, and Mordechai Harel. Development of Sodium Alginate Encapsulation of Diatom Concentrates as a Nutrient Delivery System to Enhance Growth and Survival of Post-Larvae Abalone. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586480.bard.

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The major bottlenecks in rearing the highly priced gastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.) are the slow growth rate and the high mortality during the first 8 to 12 weeks following metamorphosis and settling. The most likely reason flor these problems is related to nutritional deficiencies in the diatom diet on which the post larvae (PL) feed almost exclusively in captivity. Higher survival and improved growth rate will reduce the considerable expense of hatchery-nursery resisdence time and thereflore the production costs. BARD supported our research for one year only and the support was given to us in order to prove that "(1) Abalone PL feed on encapsulated diatoms, and (2) heterotrophic diatoms can be mass produced." In the course of this year we have developed a novel nutrient delivery system specifically designed to enhance growth and survival of post-larval abalone. This approach is based on the sodium-alginate encapsulation of heterotrophically grown diatoms or diatom extracts, including appetite-stimulating factors. Diatom species that attract the PL and promote the highest growth and survival have been identified. These were also tested by incorporating them (either intact cells or as cell extracts) into a sodium-alginate matrix while comparing the growth to that achieved when using diatoms (singel sp. or as a mixture). A number of potential chemoattractants to act as appetite-stimulating factors for abalone PL have been tested. Preliminary results show that the incorporation of the amino acid methionine at a level of 10-3M to the sodim alginate matrix leads to a marked enhancement of growth. The results ol these studies provided basic knowledge on the growth of abalone and showed that it is possible to obtain, on a regular basis, survival rates exceeding 10% for this stage. Prior to this study the survival rates ranged between 2-4%, less than half of the values achieved today. Several diatom species originated from the National Center for Mariculture (Nitzchia laevis, Navicula lenzi, Amphora T3, and Navicula tennerima) and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083, 2084, 2085, 2086 and 2087 UTEX strains, Austin TX) were tested for heterotrophic growth. Axenic colonies were initially obtained and following intensive selection cycles and mutagenesis treatments, Amphora T3, Navicula tennerima and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083 UTEX strain) were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions and to sustain highly enriched mediums. A highly efficient selection procedure as well as cost effective matrix of media components were developed and optimized. Glucose was identified as the best carbon source for all diatom strains. Doubling times ranging from 20-40 h were observed, and stable heterotroph cultures at a densities range of 103-104 were achieved. Although current growth rates are not yet sufficient for full economical fermentation, we estimate that further selections and mutagenesis treatments cycles should result in much faster growing colonies suitable for a fermentor scale-up. As rightfully pointed out by one of the reviewers, "There would be no point in assessing the optimum levels of dietary inclusions into micro-capsules, if the post-larvae cannot be induced to consume those capsules in the first place." We believe that the results of the first year of research provide a foundationfor the continuation of this research following the objectives put forth in the original proposal. Future work should concentrate on the optimization of incorporation of intact cells and cell extracts of the developed heterotrophic strains in the alginate matrix, as well as improving this delivery system by including liposomes and chemoattractants to ensure food consumption and enhanced growth.
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