Relevant bibliographies by topics / Punishment – Europe – History

Academic literature on the topic 'Punishment – Europe – History'

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Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Punishment – Europe – History"

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Barker, Jeffrey H. "Capital punishment in the new Europe." European Legacy 1, no. 2 (April 1996): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579487.

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Lederer, David, and Lieven Vandekerckhove. "On Punishment: The Confrontation of Suicide in Old-Europe." Sixteenth Century Journal 33, no. 4 (2002): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4144176.

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Friedrichs, Christopher R. "House-Destruction as a Ritual of Punishment in Early Modern Europe." European History Quarterly 50, no. 4 (October 2020): 599–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691420960917.

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The public execution of criminals was a familiar ritual of early modern European society. This article, however, examines the less frequent practice of ordering that a criminal’s house be ritually demolished following the execution. In many cases, the destroyed house was then replaced by a monument which was intended to simultaneously obliterate and perpetuate the criminal’s memory. Rare as it was, ritual house-destruction was a surprisingly widespread practice, undertaken at various times between 1520 and 1760 in France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Portugal and the Netherlands. Though punitive house-destructions had been undertaken in medieval Europe, the practice acquired new overtones in the early modern era. This article examines how and when this striking form of punishment was applied in early modern Europe and considers why authorities would order the destruction of property in order to enshrine the memory of particularly serious crimes.
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Kollmann, Nancy Shields. "The Complexity of History." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2018.440106.

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This article finds Steven Pinker’s argument for a decline of violence too Eurocentric and generalizing to fit all cases. Study of the early modern Russian criminal law, and society in general, shows that different states can develop radically different approaches to violence when influenced by some of the same factors (in this case Enlightenment values). The centralized Muscovite autocracy in many ways relied less on official violence and exerted better control over social violence than did early modern Europe, while at the same time it supported violence in institutions such as serfdom, exile, and aspects of imperial governance. Violence in the form of capital punishment declined but many aspects of social and official violence endured. Such a differentiated approach is explained by the state’s need to mobilize scarce human and material resources to survive and expand.
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De Vito, Christian G., Clare Anderson, and Ulbe Bosma. "Transportation, Deportation and Exile: Perspectives from the Colonies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries." International Review of Social History 63, S26 (June 12, 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859018000196.

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AbstractThe essays in this volume provide a new perspective on the history of convicts and penal colonies. They demonstrate that the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were a critical period in the reconfiguration of empires, imperial governmentality, and punishment, including through extensive punitive relocation and associated extractive labour. Ranging across the global contexts of Africa, Asia, Australasia, Japan, the Americas, the Pacific, Russia, and Europe, and exploring issues of criminalization, political repression, and convict management alongside those of race, gender, space, and circulation, this collection offers a perspective from the colonies that radically transforms accepted narratives of the history of empire and the history of punishment. In this introduction, we argue that a colony-centred perspective reveals that, during a critical period in world history, convicts and penal colonies created new spatial hierarchies, enabled the incorporation of territories into spheres of imperial influence, and forged new connections and distinctions between “metropoles” and “colonies”. Convicts and penal colonies enabled the formation of expansive and networked global configurations and processes, a factor hitherto unappreciated in the literature.
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Popova, Zhanna, and Francesca Di Pasquale. "Dissecting Sites of Punishment: Penal Colonies and Their Borders." International Review of Social History 64, no. 3 (August 7, 2019): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085901900049x.

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AbstractAlthough a crucial element of imperial architecture, non-metropolitan penal colonies remain relatively understudied, compared with the richness of historical scholarship on modern prison systems in Western Europe and its offshoots. Complementing the perspective chosen in the recent International Review of Social History Special Issue 26, “Transportation, Deportation and Exile: Perspectives from the Colonies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries”, the four articles in this Special Theme propose an additional angle of investigation of the role of convicts in the incorporation of new territories into colonial empires. The authors place sites of punishment, rather than flows of convicts, at the core of their reflection, and provide a close-up analysis of circulations of information and people across the borders of penal sites on various scales: local, trans-regional, and international. They problematize the notion of “border”, and consider it as a vantage point that leads to a new conceptualization of the penal colony as a system that expands in its surroundings and, in turn, assimilates external political, social, and economic stimuli. Relying on several distinct methodological approaches, the authors foreground the specificities of colonial punishment and demonstrate how punishment became part of the creation and maintenance of power inequalities between the colonies and the metropoles.
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Parker, Charles. "Pilgrims' Progress: Narratives of Penitence and Reconciliation in the Dutch Reformed Church." Journal of Early Modern History 5, no. 3 (2001): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006501x00186.

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AbstractHistorians over the past twenty years have utilized consistory records to analyze long-term patterns of illicit behavior and church punishment in Reformed congregations across Europe. Despite the value of these studies, a narrative approach to consistory records offers an opportunity to penetrate the assumptions of local church leaders and to discover real men and women in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Using examples from the pivotal moments in the discipline process in the Dutch Reformed Church at Delft, this article reconstructs the narrative framework of discipline there. The author argues that consistory secretaries recorded discipline cases as ongoing stories of penitence and reconciliation in the lives of all sorts of church members.
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Володимир Васильович Очеретяний and Інна Іванівна Ніколіна. "THE PROCESS OF CREATING THE NAZI CAMP SYSTEM IN POLAND DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111817.

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This article analyzes the process of creating the German camp system in Poland. The Nazi racial politics towards the Jews promoted their isolation from the so-called "full part of society". For this purpose, two main mechanisms for their separation were created: concentration camps, some of which were transformed into "factories of death", and Jewish ghettos. The establishment of concentration camps in Poland was preceded by a long process of organizational and legal registration first in Germany itself, and later on the territories occupied by it. This process was accompanied by numerous Jewish pogroms and arrests, which was an integral part of the Nazi anti-Semitic policy. Concentration camps were carefully thought out and well-organized institutions with a refined mechanism of prisoners’ maintenance, coercion and punishment. Different by their intended purpose were "death camps" that were not intended to hold prisoners, but to destroy them quickly and in large scale. Most of them were located on the territory of Poland, where the Jews from all over Europe were brought. These included Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Maydanek. It was observed in the article that German concentration camps were created to isolate, repress and destroy the undesirable elements of the regime. Despite the early formation of this system, its dissemination in the territories occupied by the Nazis, particularly in Poland, took place in 1938-1939s. At that time the German concentration camps turned into an instrument of ruthless anti-Semitic policy that became a classic genocide. Due to the fact that the concentration camps capacities did not allow to sufficiently fulfill their tasks, during 1939-1945s in Poland, new, so-called "death camps" were established. They were equipped with gas chambers and crematorium that carried out large-scale destruction of the Jews.
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Donovan, James M. "Public Opinion and the French Capital Punishment Debate of 1908." Law and History Review 32, no. 3 (June 26, 2014): 575–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248014000236.

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Academics have traditionally associated capital punishment most closely with authoritarian regimes. They have assumed an incompatibility between the death penalty and the presumably humane values of modern liberal democracy. However, recent scholarship on the United States by David Garland has suggested that a considerable degree of direct democratic control over a justice system actually tends to favor the retention and application of the death penalty. The reason why the United States has retained capital punishment after it has been abolished in other Western nations is not because public opinion is more supportive of the death penalty in America than in Europe or in Canada. Rather, it is because popular control over the justice system is greater in the United States than in other countries and this strengthens the influence of America's retentionist majority. However, the experience of the United States in this regard has not been unique. The same link between democratic control and retention of the death penalty can be seen in the history of the effort to abolish capital punishment in France. In 1908, a bill in the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house of the French Parliament) to abolish capital punishment was defeated, in large part because of strong opposition from the public. In 1981, majority public opinion in France still favored retention of the death penalty, but in that year, the nation's Parliament defied popular sentiment and outlawed the ultimate punishment. Historians have so far provided little insight into why abolition succeeded in 1981 when it failed in 1908. The explanation for the different outcome appears to have been the greater degree of influence public opinion exerted over the nation's justice system at the turn of the twentieth century than at its end.
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Wolfe, Michael, and Mitchell B. Merbeck. "The Thief, the Cross, and the Wheel: Pain and the Spectacle of Punishment in Medieval and Renaissance Europe." Sixteenth Century Journal 31, no. 1 (2000): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671372.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Punishment – Europe – History"

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Chetney, Sara. "Conformity, Dissent, and the Death of Henry Barrow, 1570-1593." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/104.

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This thesis explores the circumstances leading up to and surrounding the executions of London Separatist leaders Henry Barrow and John Greenwood on 6 April, 1593. Occurring after a lengthy prison term punctuated by official examinations conducted by authorities, the executions took place only after the men had been twice reprieved, performed so early as to avoid a crowd yet still in the appointed place of public execution. Focusing on Henry Barrow and the London Separatists, this thesis explores how a national climate of fear and violence led to a greater crackdown on religious dissidents, and argues that the strange circumstances of Barrow’s execution might be attributed to a reluctance to punish a fellow Protestant in the same manner as a Catholic recusant, and the great differences of opinion among both ecclesiastical and temporal state officials regarding the punishment of religious dissent. Though Conformist officials and authoritarianism would ultimately triumph over Puritan efforts to speed reform in the Church of England, the case of Henry Barrow illustrates the fractured state of opinion which was present even among the highest reaches of government.
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Books on the topic "Punishment – Europe – History"

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Bernard, Durand. Arbitraire du juge et consuetudo delinquendi: La doctrine pénale en Europe du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. Montpellier: Société d'histoire du droit et des institutions des anciens pays de droit écrit, 1993.

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1956-, Ammerer Gerhard, and Weiss Alfred Stefan, eds. Strafe, Disziplin und Besserung: Österreichische Zucht- und Arbeitshäuser von 1750 bis 1850. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2006.

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Anna, Eriksson, ed. Contrasts in punishment: An explanation of Anglophone excess and Nordic exceptionalism. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.

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Evans, E. P. The criminal prosecution and capital punishment of animals. Union, N.J: Lawbook Exchange, 1998.

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Cesare, Beccaria. On crimes and punishments. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 1986.

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Cesare, Beccaria. Of crimes and punishments. New York: Marsilio Publishers, 1996.

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Cesare, Beccaria. On crimes and punishments. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2009.

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Cesare, Beccaria. An essay on crimes and punishments. 4th ed. Clark, N.J: Lawbook Exchange, 2005.

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9

Forsdyke, Sara. Exile, ostracism, and democracy: The politics of expulsion in ancient Greece. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.

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Cesare, Beccaria. On crimes and punishments and other writings. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Punishment – Europe – History"

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Stearns, Peter N. "The Empires of Asia and Eastern Europe." In Punishment in World History, 85–93. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003427261-9.

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Stearns, Peter N. "New Prisons and New Ideas in Western Europe." In Punishment in World History, 94–111. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003427261-10.

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Beam, Sara. "Violence and Justice in Europe: Punishment, Torture and Execution." In The Cambridge World History of Violence, 389–407. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316340592.021.

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Spierenburg, Pieter. "The Body And The State: Early Modern Europe." In The Oxford History of the Prison, 44–70. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195118148.003.0002.

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Abstract In 1757 Robert-Frarn;:ois Damiens was sentenced to be publicly quartered in Paris for attempting to take the life of King Louis XV. Because the unusual strength of his muscles and joints prevented the horses from tearing his arms and legs apart, the executioner had to make incisions to carry out the punishment. But the affecting drama of Damiens’s suffering, detailed by Michel Foucault at the opening of his Discipline and Punish, should not mislead us into thinking many offenders were treated as harshly. On the contrary, Damiens’s execution was altogether exceptional. The judges, uncertain what punishment to inflict for so heinous a crime, decided to impose the same sentence that the previous regicide, Frarn;:ois Ravaillac, had received in 1610. French authorities had not quartered anyone in the intervening years, and they would never do so again.
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Wacquant, Loï. "Penalization, Depoliticization, Racialization: On the Over-incarceration of Immigrants in the European Union." In Perspectives on Punishment, 83–100. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199278763.003.0005.

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Abstract In 1989, for the first time in history, the population entering state prisons in the United States turned majority black. As a result of the crumbling of the urban ghetto and of the ‘War on Drugs’ launched by the federal government as part of a broad law-and-order policy designed to restabilize racial boundaries in the city and reassert state power against the backdrop of rapid economic restructuring and steep welfare retrenchment,2 the incarceration rate of African Americans doubled in just ten years, jumping from 3,544 inmates per 100,000 adults in 1985 to a staggering 6,926 per 100,000 in 1995, nearly eight times the figure for their white compatriots (919 per 100,000) and over twenty times the rates posted by the larger countries of continental Europe.
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Patricia, O’Brien. "The Prison on The Continent: Europe, 1865-1965." In The Oxford History of the Prison, 178–201. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195118148.003.0007.

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Abstract The penal institutions of a people should be, like all laws, the expression of its social state.” So spoke the French reformer Leon Faucher, who at mid-nineteenth century was intent on redesigning the French prison system to reflect the progress and achievements of his own society. Prisons were expected to change and develop in accord with democratic and moral principles of equity, fairness, and improvement. As an institution, the modern prison system has always been porous, permeated by political cultural assumptions and social values. The history of prisons in Europe from 1865 to 1965 is, therefore, a story of continual change that parallels the changing cultural, economic, political, and social realities of modern states. Moreover, as earlier chapters have demonstrated, the prison was also the product of pressure to reform existing methods of punishment and to find a more enlightened, humane, and effective answer to punishing crime.
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Wieacker, Franz, Tony Weir, and Reinhard Zimmermann. "The Law of Reason and the Enlightenment." In A History Of Private Law In Europe, 249–56. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198258612.003.0018.

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Abstract The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries experienced both the Law of Rea son and the Enlightenment, but they are not quite one and the same. The Law of Reason consisted of a reformulation of a social philosophy which had been in continuous existence in the West since ancient times, while for all its philosophical underpinning the Enlightenment was a moral, ultimately religious break through to a new attitude to life, which was to produce a vast change in public thought and enormous reforms in public life. The two movements are closely connected, however, both in their origins, for the systematic Law of Reason was rendered possible only by the thinkers of the early Enlightenment such as Galileo and Descartes, and in their effects, since it was on the Law of Reason that enlightened thinkers based their humanitarian demands for the abolition of torture, corporal punishment, and the crime of witchcraft.
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Tonry, Michael. "Crime Trends and the Effects of Crime Control Policies." In Thinking about Crime, 97–140. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141016.003.0005.

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Abstract Prevailing sensibilities in the contemporary United States have produced, or at least allowed, drug and crime control policies of severity unprecedented in recent American history and unmatched in other Western countries today. There was a de facto moratorium on capital punishment in the United States in 1970 and belief was widespread that the Supreme Court would soon declare the death penalty unconstitutional. For eight years, from 1968 to 1977, no one was executed. In 2001, capital punishment was authorized in thirty-eight states and the federal system, sixty-six people were put to death, and at year’s end 3,625 were on death row (Death Penalty Information Center 2002). In June 2001 the execution of Timothy McVeigh, shown “live” on closed circuit television to more than 230 people, was the first execution by the federal government since 1963. By contrast, in 2001, no Western European country, or Australia, Canada, England, or New Zealand, allowed capital punishment. Courts in South Africa and Hungary had declared their countries’ capital punishment laws unconstitutional. The dozens of Eastern and Southern European countries joining the Council of Europe agreed to forego capital punishment as a condition of membership.
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Zimring, Franklin E. "More Than a Trend: Abolition in the Developed Nations." In The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment, 16–41. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195152364.003.0002.

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Abstract In September 1977, Hamida Djandoubi was led to his death by guillotine in southern France and so became an important figure in the history of modern Europe. His place in history was not a function of the enormity of his crime. Mr. Djandoubi was a Tunisian agricultural worker who had been convicted of murdering a female acquaintance, a garden-variety homicide in any nation. What set his execution apart, however, was that it was to be the last state execution in Western Europe in the twentieth century and perhaps for all time (Forst 1999, p. 112). When compared with the recent events in the United States, the events in the other developed democracies in the last quarter of the twentieth century are remarkable in two respects. The first is that as recently as the late 1970s, the situation in the other developed democracies was not much different from conditions in the United States. In 1977, only one person was executed in the United States: Gary Gilmore became the first offender put to death in a decade. But that same year, France beheaded two homicide offenders.
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Lindgren-Gibson, Alexandra. "Empire, migration, and immigration." In Routledge Historical Resources - 19th Century British Society. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367030278-hobs30-1.

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In a century marked by mass European migrations, the largest number of people leaving Europe left from Britain. British migration in the nineteenth century took a number of forms: internal migration within the British Isles, emigration to the United States and to British settler colonies, and movement throughout the British Empire, under the auspices of the military or colonial administration. This essay covers the forces that compelled people to migrate, the history of Irish and Scottish migrants, the draw of settler colonies, the role of empire in moving Britons and other imperial subjects around the globe, soldiers and workers in histories of nineteenth-century mobility, and migration as punishment and social control. It also considers the history and motivations of return migrants, arguing that migration was seldom a straightforward journey from one location to another.
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