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Journal articles on the topic 'Pulsed laser treatment'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

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1

Kazachkov, E. L., O. V. Safronov, E. A. Kazachkova, E. N. Ignatieva, I. V. Safronova, and L. B. Tarasova. "Morphological substantiation of laser exposure parameters and modes for surgical treatment of intrauterine pathology." Ural Medical Journal 22, no. 2 (April 29, 2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-2-24-33.

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Introduction No data on experimentally substantiated parameters and modes of diode laser radiation allowing a minimally traumatic surgical treatment of intrauterine pathology have been found in the literature.The aim of the investigation was to substantiate experimentally the optimum parameters and modes of diode laser radiation in the treatment of intrauterine pathology based on the study of morphological changes in the endometrium.Materials and methods 48 endometrial samples were exposed to 10-40 W diode laser power in a constant mode and 15 samples - in a pulsed mode with 3 different sets of laser exposure parameters. The data were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, version 16.49. The differences were considered statistically significant at р<0.05.Results Width of the ablation zone, lateral coagulation and hyperthermic exposure zone was calculated at the most optimal parameters of laser energy (20 W), achieving adequate cutting and bleeding properties of the laser. The most effective in the pulsed mode of laser operation was 30 W amplitude power of radiation, the pulse duration of 100 ms, the duration of the interval between pulses of 50 ms, the average power of 20 W.Discussion Comparative analysis of morphometric parameters in the action of laser radiation in the constant mode with a radiation power of 20 W and in the pulsed mode with an average laser power of 20 W has shown that the structural parameters have significantly lower values in the pulsed laser mode.Conclusion Optimal cutting properties of the laser are observed when constant laser irradiation with a power of 20 W is used. The best cutting and bleeding properties were demonstrated by the pulsed laser mode with an average power of 20 W, amplitude power of 30 W, pulse duration of 100 ms, and inter-pulse interval of 50 ms.

2

Sadykov, R. R., A. S. Mardonov, and S. S. Kobilov. "Treatment Outcomes for Hemangiomas Using Pulsed Dye Laser (595 nm) and Long-Pulse Alexandrite Laser (755 nm)." Surgical practice (Russia), no. 3 (October 7, 2023): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.38181/2223-2427-2023-3-3.

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Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effiacy of two laser modalities, namely a 595-nm pulsed dye laser and a 755-nm long-pulse alexandrite laser, in the treatment of hemangiomas in patients with concurrent anemia.Methods. A total of 194 patients diagnosed with infantile hemangiomas, characterized by a thickness ranging from over 2 mm to under 8 mm, were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group received treatment with the 595-nm pulsed dye laser, while the experimental group underwent sequential therapy, beginning with the 755-nm long-pulse alexandrite laser followed by the 595-nm pulsed dye laser.Results. In the control group, the overall treatment effiacy was 36.1 %. In contrast, the experimental group exhibited a signifiantly higher effiacy of 76.3 %. Statistical analysis of the abundance data was conducted using the Chi-square (X2) test, with results deemed statistically signifiant at a signifiance level of P < .05.Conclusion. Sequential therapy, which integrates both the 755-nm pulsed dye laser and the 595-nm pulsed dye laser, demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in treating hemangiomas, particularly in cases complicated by anemia.

3

Chang, Yunyoung Claire, Sang Ju Lee, and Hye Jin Chung. "Treatment of post-pulsed dye laser purpura with pulsed dye laser." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 20, no. 1 (August 29, 2017): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14764172.2017.1368563.

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4

Ristic, Slavica, Suzana Polic, Bojana Radojkovic, and Joakim Striber. "Analysis of ceramics surface modification induced by pulsed laser treatment." Processing and Application of Ceramics 8, no. 1 (2014): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1401015r.

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This paper presents the effects of laser light irradiation on the surface of ceramics dating from archaeological site Stubline (Obrenovac, Belgrade), Serbia. Two different pulsed lasers: TEA CO2 (10.6 ?m wavelength, pulse duration tp = 100 ns) and Nd:YAG (wavelengths 1064 nm and 532 nm, tp = 150 ps) have been used for surfaces treatment. Laser irradiation fluence was in the range of 1-20 J/cm2. Ceramics surface modifications induced by pulsed laser treatment were examined by scanning electron microscope, SEM, and the composition with energy dispersive X-ray, EDX, analysis. The tests were performed in order to obtain as much as possible information about the appropriate choice of materials and techniques for the further conservation and restoration of these items. The second objective was to determine the surface modifications induced by pulsed laser treatment above damage threshold (a safe cleaning laser fluence), as an important parameter in the use of lasers for the cleaning of cultural ceramic items.

5

Kotula, Paul G., and C. Barry Carter. "Characterization of NiO thin films on α-Al2O3 before and after heat treatment." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010015143x.

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The NiO-α-Al2O3 system is of interest as a model system for the study of phase boundaries and reaction kinetics in oxide ceramics. Such a system is of new importance when one of the constituents is a thin film because the reaction kinetics and its dependence on film microstructure is not well understood. Additionally, solid-state reactions between a thin film and single-crystal substrate can be used to produce buffer layers for heterojunctions.In the present study, thin films of NiO have been grown on single-crystal α-Al2O3 substrates by pulsed-laser ablation (PLA). The PLA system used a KrF (248nm) excimer laser operating at 350 mJ per pulse with a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. The laser beam was focused to a spot 1×2mm on the surface of rotating NiO pellet. Films were grown at nominal substrate temperatures of 750°C and oxygen pressures of about 10 mTorr. Films were grown both on bulk substrates for which 6000 laser pulses was used to produce 1000Å films and electron-transparent substrates for which 500 laser pulses was used to produce 80Å films.

6

Gargoom, Ali Mohamed, and Gamal Ahmed Duweb. "Ultra-pulsed Carbon Dioxide Laser for the Treatment of Melanocytic Nevi." Dermatology and Dermatitis 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8949/054.

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Abstract: Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) even small-sized as well as acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) are of common cosmetic concerns and getting rid of them remain challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ultra-pulsed CO2 laser for the treatment of melanocytic nevi. 15 male and female Libyan patients with 16 AMN and 7 CMN were treated with multiple sessions of ultra-pulsed CO2 laser at 1-month intervals. Clinical response at 6 months after final treatment was graded as poor (< 50%), moderate (50–75%), good (> 75%) and excellent where the skin of the lesion returned normal as the rest of the surrounding skin. All treated nevi showed good to excellent cosmetic outcomes after 2 or 4 treatment sessions. The post laser complication were minimal and transit except for one atrophic scar. No recurrence of pigmentation during the six months of follow-up period. Conclusion: Ultra-pulsed CO2 laser seems to be effective and associate with minimum adverse side effect in the treatment of small CMN and AMN.

7

Babyuk, G. F. "Treatment of plasma coatings by laser remelting." E3S Web of Conferences 515 (2024): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451503001.

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The article analyzes the effect of reflow and thermal cycling by laser beam on the structure and properties of plasma eutectic coatings. The facts of carbon diffusion into the solid phase at a distance of 150-200 microns with a laser pulse duration of 4 ms have been established. This is due to the high deformation rates that occur in the zone of thermal influence under pulsed laser action. This effect is aimed at increasing both the surface and volumetric strength of the sprayed coatings.

8

GROVE, JODIE. "Treatment of thread veins with intense pulsed light." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 10, no. 7 (September 2, 2021): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2021.10.7.302.

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This article will explore the treatment of thread veins using the well-established and common modality of intense pulsed light. The diagnosis of these veins and a variety of treatment options will also be detailed, and the mechanism of action of intense pulsed light will be analysed, explaining how it delivers satisfactory clinical and cosmetic outcomes. Transdermal laser and intense pulse light will also be compared.

9

Puchý, Viktor, František Kováč, Ivan Petryshynets, and Ladislav Falat. "Effect of Microsecond Pulse Laser Modification on Electromagnetic Properties of Grain Oriented Silicon Steel." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.214.

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A microsecond pulsed laser beam was used to local magnetic domain modification of electrical grain oriented silicon steel. It was carried out using three different laser pulse regimes: a single pulse laser regime, a multipulse laser regime and a multipulse laser regime with modulation of laser pulses. The laser processing variables were pulse energy and and number of pulses. The samples were tested for nanohardness and coercivity before and after laser treatment. Light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy were used to observe the cross-sectional profile, surface of the samples, and magnetic domain visualization, respectively. The local laser treatment of grain oriented silicon steel surface has been studied in terms of its influence on the magnetic domains and coercivity. It was found that laser-modified samples showed coercivity improvement in comparison to the non-treated samples. The most significant improvement in coercivity was obtained in the modulated multipulse regime and negligible improvement in the single pulse laser regime. Three main effects responsible for the observed improvement were identified, namely: magnetic domain refinement, influence of number of laser pulses and shape of laser HAZ profile. The present work highlights on differences in the magnetic domain structure, microstructure of the laser modified material and basic electromagnetic and mechanical properties. In present study, the pulse laser surface processing was presented as a useful energy efficient alternative to other techniques e.g. mechanical scribing, electrical discharge scribing, plasma jet scribing, etc. The refined magnetic domains in electrosteels are responsible for the observed low coercivity, which indicates perspective application of the investigated laser modified steels in the power transformer cores with lower core losses.

10

Fratila, A. A. M., G. G. Gauglitz, A. Strohbücker, and D. Radu. "Selective photothermolysis of spider veins and reticular varices with the long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser." Phlebologie 49, no. 01 (June 7, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0865-5296.

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AbstractThe therapy of spider veins, telangiectasia and reticular veins of lower extremities can be successfully performed with sclerotherapy or by using the long pulsed (LP) Nd:YAG laser. A matter of discussion, however, is how should laser parameters – such as wavelength, fluence, pulse duration, number of pulses – be utilized for effective and selective photothermolysis treatment without any side effects. The selective photothermolysis was introduced in 1983 by Anderson and Parrish 1 as a concept in laser treatment, meaning the selective thermal destruction of the target tissue (the chromophores – the light-absorption molecule is here the blood vessel) using a specific laser light wavelength, with minimal injury to surrounding tissue (the skin). The effectiveness of the selective photothermolysis process using an LP Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm for the treatment of leg veins telangiectasias up to 2 mm in diameter, is the result of 30-years clinical experience sustained by patient satisfaction and photo documentation. The use of double and triple pulses seems to be the key of success in treating even larger vessels and has demonstrated superior safety and efficacy. Even bigger telangiectasias, reticular veins or other dilated veins on neckline, upper abdomen or in the face can be successfully treated with the LP Nd:YAG laser.

11

Kauvar, A. N. "Pulsed dye laser treatment of warts." Archives of Family Medicine 4, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.4.12.1035.

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12

Clyne, Stephen B., Jamie A. Koufman, Stacey L. Halum, and Gregory N. Postma. "Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Laryngeal Granulomas." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 3 (March 2005): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400305.

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Laryngeal granulomas are effectively treated with antireflux therapy and speech therapy. Failure to respond leads to treatment with Botox or surgical excision. We report on the use of the pulsed dye laser for treating chronic granulomas that do not respond to standard therapy. We performed a retrospective review from September 2002 to September 2003. Patients identified with chronic granulomas that were not responding to standard therapy were treated in our office with the pulsed dye laser. Ten patients were identified; the mean age was 58 years. Two patients underwent more than one pulsed dye laser treatment. Five of the 10 had resolution of their lesions, and 3 had a partial response. Two were unchanged. The average follow-up was 6 months, and there were no complications. We conclude that in-office use of the pulsed dye laser is a relatively safe and effective method for treating laryngeal granulomas that do not respond to antireflux therapy and speech therapy.

13

Kansaku, Rei, Naoki Sakakibara, Atsushi Amano, Hisako Endo, Takashi Shimabukuro, and Michiaki Sueishi. "Histological difference between pulsed wave laser and continuous wave laser in endovenous laser ablation." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 30, no. 6 (May 30, 2014): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355514538248.

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Background Endovenous laser ablation to saphenous veins has been popular as a minimally invasive treatment for chronic venous insufficiency. However, adverse effects after endovenous laser ablation using continuous wave laser still remain. Pulsed wave with enough short pulse duration and sufficiently long thermal relaxation time may avoid the excess energy delivery, which leads to the perforation of the vein wall. Method (1) Free radiation: Laser is radiated in blood for 10 s. (2) Endovenous laser ablation: Veins were filled with blood and placed in saline. Endovenous laser ablations were performed. Results (1) There were clots on the fiber tips with continuous wave laser while no clots with pulsed wave laser. (2) In 980-nm continuous wave, four of 15 specimens had ulcers and 11 of 15 had perforation. In 1470-nm continuous wave with 120 J/cm of linear endovenous energy density, two of three presented ulcers and one of three showed perforation. In 1470-nm continuous wave with 60 J/cm of linear endovenous energy density, two of four had ulcers and two of four had perforation. In 1320-nm pulsed wave, there were neither ulcers nor perforation in the specimens. Conclusions While endovenous laser ablation using continuous wave results in perforation in many cases, pulsed wave does not lead to perforation.

14

Nikitiuk, Yu V., G. A. Bayevich, A. V. Maximenko, and I. Yu Aushev. "Parameters optimization of pulsed laser cladding of steel 30KHGSN2A using a genetic algorithm." Bulletin Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel, no. 1 (March 26, 2024): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.62595/1819-5245-2024-1-63-71.

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The paperpresents the optimization of pulsed laser cladding of structural steel using a genetic algo-rithm. Using the ANSYS Workbench software, finite element modelling of laser cladding on a 30ХГСН2А steel substrate with an additive in the form of wire was conducted, considering the temperature dependence of the material's thermophysical properties. A surrogate model for pulsed laser cladding of 30ХГСН2Аsteel was developed employing a face-centered version of the central composite design experiment. The time inter-vals corresponding to the end time of the three fronts of the laser pulse and the diameter of the filler wire were considered as variable factors. The maximum temperatures in the treatment zone were used as re-sponses. In order to optimize pulsed laser cladding of 30ХГСН2А steel, the maximum temperature limit val-ues in the treatment zone were established for three moments of time that corresponded to the laser pulse fronts at the three points in the finite element model. A comparison was made between the parameters ob-tained from optimization and those derived from finite element modelling. When determining temperatures, the maximum percentage error of the results obtained via the genetic algorithm did not exceed 3.5 %

15

Chen, Defu, Ying Wang, Buhong Li, Huiyun Lin, Xuechun Lin, and Ying Gu. "Effects of pulse width and repetition rate of pulsed laser on kinetics and production of singlet oxygen luminescence." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 09, no. 06 (August 2016): 1650019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179354581650019x.

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Pulsed and continuous-wave (CW) lasers have been widely used as the light sources for photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. Singlet oxygen (1O2) is known to be a major cytotoxic agent in type-II PDT and can be directly detected by its near-infrared luminescence at 1270[Formula: see text]nm. As compared to CW laser excitation, the effects of pulse width and repetition rate of pulsed laser on the kinetics and production of 1O2 luminescence were quantitatively studied during photosensitization of Rose Bengal. Significant difference in kinetics of 1O2 luminescence was found under the excitation with various pulse widths of nanosecond, microsecond and CW irradiation with power of 20[Formula: see text]mW. The peak intensity and duration of 1O2 production varied with the pulse widths for pulsed laser excitation, while the 1O2 was generated continuously and its production reached a steady state with CW excitation. However, no significant difference ([Formula: see text]) in integral 1O2 production was observed. The results suggest that the PDT efficacy using pulsed laser may be identical to the CW laser with the same wavelength and the same average fluence rate below a threshold in solution.

16

Baumgartner, Ján, Mária Šimaljaková, and Pavel Babál. "Extensive angiokeratoma circumscriptum - successful treatment with 595-nm variable-pulse pulsed dye laser and 755-nm long-pulse pulsed alexandrite laser." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 18, no. 3 (March 8, 2016): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14764172.2015.1114643.

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17

Soyama, Hitoshi. "Development of Laser Cavitation Peening Using a Normal-Oscillation Nd:YAG Laser." Coatings 13, no. 8 (August 8, 2023): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081395.

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The impact induced by cavitation bubble collapse can be utilized for mechanical surface treatment to improve fatigue properties of metals including additive manufactured metallic materials. A peening method using cavitation impact induced by a pulsed laser is called “laser cavitation peening (LCP)”. Normally, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, whose pulse width is a few nanoseconds, is used for LCP, which improves the fatigue strength. The problem with LCP is that the processing time is too slow. If a laser pulse whose pulse width is a few hundred microseconds can be utilized for LCP, the repetition frequency can be increased drastically using other types of laser systems such as a fiber laser. In the present paper, in order to reveal the possibility of LCP using a pulsed laser width of a few hundred microseconds, the use of LCP with a normal-oscillation Nd:YAG laser (pulse width ≈ 200 μs) was investigated. It is demonstrated that LCP with the normal-oscillation Nd:YAG laser produced curvature in an aluminum alloy plate. The shock pressure wave and impulsive vibration of the target surface at the first collapse of laser cavitation (LC), which was induced by the normal-oscillation Nd:YAG laser, was 3–4 times larger than those of laser ablation (LA).

18

López, José Manuel, David Munoz-Martin, Juan José Moreno-Labella, Miguel Panizo-Laiz, Gilberto Gomez-Rosas, Carlos Molpeceres, and Miguel Morales. "Picosecond Laser Shock Micro-Forming of Stainless Steel: Influence of High-Repetition Pulses on Thermal Effects." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124226.

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A study of the peen forming of thin stainless steel metal foils (50 μm thick) using a solid-state ps-pulsed laser, emitting at a wavelength of 1064 nm was conducted. The pitch distance between consecutive laser pulses was kept constant by tuning the laser repetition rate from 0.4 to 10 kHz, and subsequently the scanning speed. The induced bending angle and the radius of curvature were used to measure the effect of the treatment. Their dependence on the pulse energy, the treated area, the distance between lines, and the laser repetition rate was studied. High repetition rates do not allow the sample to cool down, affecting the bending to the point of being negligible. An FEM simulation and experiments were carried out to prove that the increase in temperature due to high repetition rate can relax the stresses induced by laser peen treatment, thus preventing bending in the sample.

19

Taniguchi, Yuki, Toshio Ohshiro, Takafumi Ohshiro, and Katsumi Sasaki. "PULSED DYE LASER TREATMENT FOR RECALCITRANT VIRAL WARTS: AUTO-SIMULTANEOUS LASER TREATMENT." LASER THERAPY 19, no. 1 (2010): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5978/islsm.19.31.

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20

Tirico, M. C. C. P., D. Jensen, C. Green, and E. V. Ross. "Short pulse intense pulsed light versus pulsed dye laser for the treatment of facial redness." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 22, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14764172.2020.1717540.

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21

Mordmüller, Mario, Viktoria Kleyman, Manuel Schaller, Mitsuru Wilson, Dirk Theisen-Kunde, Karl Worthmann, Matthias A. Müller, and Ralf Brinkmann. "Towards temperature controlled retinal laser treatment with a single laser at 10 kHz repetition rate." Advanced Optical Technologies 10, no. 6 (November 22, 2021): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2021-0041.

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Abstract Laser photocoagulation is one of the most frequently used treatment approaches in ophthalmology for a variety of retinal diseases. Depending on indication, treatment intensity varies from application of specific micro injuries down to gentle temperature increases without inducing cell damage. Especially for the latter, proper energy dosing is still a challenging issue, which mostly relies on the physician’s experience. Pulsed laser photoacoustic temperature measurement has already proven its ability for automated irradiation control during laser treatment but suffers from a comparatively high instrumental effort due to combination with a conventional continuous wave treatment laser. In this paper, a simplified setup with a single pulsed laser at 10 kHz repetition rate is presented. The setup combines the instrumentation for treatment as well as temperature measurement and control in a single device. In order to compare the solely pulsed heating with continuous wave (cw) tissue heating, pulse energies of 4 µJ were applied with a repetition rate of 1 kHz to probe the temperature rise, respectively. With the same average laser power of 60 mW an almost identical temporal temperature course was retrieved in both irradiation modes as expected. The ability to reach and maintain a chosen aim temperature of 41 °C is demonstrated by means of model predictive control (MPC) and extended Kalman filtering at a the measurement rate of 250 Hz with an accuracy of less than ±0.1 °C. A major advantage of optimization-based control techniques like MPC is their capability of rigorously ensuring constraints, e.g., temperature limits, and thus, realizing a more reliable and secure temperature control during retinal laser irradiation.

22

Prawer, S., R. Kalish, and M. Adel. "Pulsed laser treatment of diamondlike carbon films." Applied Physics Letters 48, no. 23 (June 9, 1986): 1585–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.96876.

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23

Apfelberg, David B. "PORTWINE STAIN AND PULSED DYE LASER TREATMENT." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 110, no. 7 (December 2002): 1819–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200212000-00060.

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24

Tan, Ernest, and Carl Vinciullo. "Pulsed dye laser treatment of spider telangiectasia." Australasian Journal of Dermatology 38, no. 1 (February 1997): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.1997.tb01093.x.

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25

Madan, V., P. J. August, and J. E. Ferguson. "Pulsed-dye laser treatment of angioma serpiginosum." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 34, no. 5 (July 2009): e186-e188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03017.x.

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THOTEN, R. "Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 16, no. 2 (January 1996): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-820x(96)70022-5.

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27

Allison, K. P., M. N. Kiernan, R. A. Waters, and R. M. Clement. "Pulsed dye laser treatment of burn scars." Burns 29, no. 3 (May 2003): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4179(02)00280-2.

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28

Bhagwat, Sunita. "Pulsed laser treatment of Fe2O3film on Al2O3." Journal of Applied Physics 67, no. 1 (January 1990): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345195.

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29

Komericki, Peter, Merve Akkilic, and Daisy Kopera. "Pulsed dye laser treatment of genital warts." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 38, no. 4 (2006): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20293.

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30

Jensen, V. Juhl, T. Krarup, and S. Walter. "Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Ureteral Calculi." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 25, sup138 (January 1, 1991): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681805.1991.12068862.

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31

Gebauer, Jana, Maximilian Burkhardt, Volker Franke, and Andrés Fabián Lasagni. "On the Ablation Behavior of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics during Laser Surface Treatment Using Pulsed Lasers." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 5682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245682.

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This contribution discusses the ablation phenomena observed during laser treatment of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) with pulsed lasers observed employing laser sources with wavelengths of 355 nm, 1064 nm and 10.6 µm and pulse durations from picoseconds (11 ps) to microseconds (14 µs) are analyzed and discussed. In particular, the threshold fluence of the matrix material epoxy (EP) and the damage threshold of CFRP were calculated. Moreover, two general surface pretreatment strategies are investigated, including selective matrix removal and structure generation through indentation (ablation of both, matrix material and fibers) with a cross-like morphology. The surfaces obtained after the laser treatment are characterized by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is employed for the analysis of composite and constituent materials epoxy and carbon fibers. As a result, different ablation mechanisms, including evaporation and delamination are observed, depending on the employed laser wavelength and pulse duration. For both 355 nm and 1064 nm wavelength, the laser radiation produces only partial ablation of the carbon fibers due to their higher absorption coefficient compared to the epoxy matrix. Although a selective matrix removal without residues is achieved using the pulsed CO2 laser. Differently, both constituent materials are ablated with the nanosecond pulsed UV laser, producing indentations. The sum of the investigations has shown that existing theories of laser technology, such as the ablation threshold according to Liu et al., can be applied to composite materials only to a limited extent. Furthermore, it has been found that the pronounced heterogeneity of CFRP mostly leads to an inhomogeneous ablation result, both when creating grooves and during selective matrix removal, where the carbon fibers influence the ablation result by their thermal conductivity, depending on fiber direction. Finally, despite the material inhomogeneity, a scanning strategy has been developed to compensate the heterogeneous ablation results regarding structure depth, width and heat affected zone.

32

Inoue, Takuya, Keiji Yamada, Katsuhiko Sekiya, Ryutaro Tanaka, and Yasuo Yamane. "Pulsed Laser Surface Treatment for Improvement of Machinability." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.641.

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The surface of worn dies are often machined to remove the worn layer and then to re-form its shape. But, in machining operations for hardened materials, the high cutting force sometimes yields bending deflection of low stiffness tools, and results the decrease in productivity and accuracy.In this study, surface treatment by pulsed laser is applied for the high hardness materials to improve the machinability in the machining operation. Die steels are used as work material machined with ball endmills of carbide in the experiments where the cutting force and the actual depth of cut are measured to obtain the specific cutting energy and to evaluate the machinability. In endmilling operations of the nitrided die steels, the actual depth of cut is decreased by the bending deflection of endmill. However, the surface treatment with laser moderates the decreasing of the actual depth of cut. It is confirmed that the surface of workpiece pre-treated with laser has larger roughness than un-treated ones, and the specific cutting energy is decreased by laser surface pre-treatment.

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Афанасьєва, Ольга Валентинівна, Наталія Олексіївна Лалазарова, and Олена Георгіївна Попова. "Нові технології лазерної поверхневої обробки." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2021.2.07.

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Subject and purpose. Currently, gas, solid-state, and fiber lasers are used to process materials in the aviation industry. For the thermal treatment of steels, gas CO2 lasers with a capacity of more than 1 kW used, which are reliable in operation but have high cost and low efficiency. There are no results on the use of low-power (up to 20 W) pulsed-mode lasers for surface hardening of steel products. The purpose of this work is to determine the modes of surface hardening of products from carbon and alloy steels using low-power solid-state pulsed YAG lasers. Methodology. For laser hardening, a 5 W solid-state YAG laser was used (diode pumping, radiation wavelength λ = 1,064 μm, pulse mode). The use of a nonlinear crystal made it possible to obtain UV radiation with λ = 0,355 μm (third harmonic). The following modes were investigated: processing with single pulses (duration 0,1...0,4 ms) and multi-pulse processing with short (30...70 ms) pulses. The scanning speed was 8...2 mm/s. The energy in the pulse was determined by the photoelectric method. Thermal hardening was performed on the following steels: У12, P6M5. The possibility of UV radiation hardening was evaluated on steel 20, 45, У12, and ШХ15. Findings. The optimum values of pulse duration for maximum hardness in laser hardening of the investigated steels. With multi-pulse treatment of steels, the pulse duration is shorter than with single-pulse treatment, the hardening intensity is higher, and the quality of the processed surface is better. Single-pulse and multi-pulse processing are accompanied by partial melting of the surface of steel products, which does not allow it to be used in cases where a high quality of the surface is required. Laser hardening of steel by ultraviolet radiation is not accompanied by melting. Conclusion. For surface hardening of products, where partial melting of the surface is possible, low-power lasers in pulse mode can be used. Laser hardening by ultraviolet radiation is a promising direction for thermal hardening of steels, which allows maintaining the original quality of the surface layer. Thermal hardening with low-power lasers can be effective for small-sized areas of the processed parts of the fuel equipment of aircraft engines, friction elements, and, especially, the tool is small.

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Davis, Harold A., Gennady E. Remnev, Regan W. Stinnett, and Kiyoshi Yatsui. "Intense Ion-Beam Treatment of Materials." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 8 (August 1996): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400035739.

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Over the past decade, researchers in Japan, Russia, and the United States have been investigating the application of intense-pulsed-ion-beam (IPIB) technology (which has roots in inertial confinement fusion programs) to the surface treatment and coating of materials. The short range (0.1–10 μm) and high-energy density (1–50 J/cm2) of these short-pulsed (t ≥ 1 μs) beams (with ion currents I = 5–50 kA, and energies E = 100–1,000 keV) make them ideal flash-heat sources to rapidly vaporize or melt the near-surface layer of targets similar to the more familiar pulsed laser deposition (PLD) or laser surface treatment. The vaporized material can form coatings on substrates, and surface melting followed by rapid cooling (109 K/s) can form amorphous layers, dissolve precipitates, and form nonequilibrium microstructures.An advantage of this approach over laser processing is that these beams deliver 0.1–10 KJ per pulse to targets at expected overall electrical efficiencies (i.e., the ratio of extracted ion-beam energy to the total energy consumed in generating the beam) of 15–40% (compared to < 1% for the excimer lasers often used for similar applications). Consequently IPIB hardware can be compact and require relatively low capital investment. This opens the promise of environmentally conscious, low-cost, high-throughput manufacturing. Further, efficient beam transport to the target and excellent coupling of incident ion energy to targets are achieved, as opposed to lasers that may have limited coupling to reflective materials or produce reflecting plasmas at high incident fluence. The ion range is adjustable through selection of the ion species and kinetic energy, and the beam energy density can be tailored through control of the beam footprint at the target to melt (1–10 J/cm2) or to vaporize (10–50 J/cm2) the target surface. Beam pulse durations are short (≥ 1 μs) to minimize thermal conduction. Some disadvantages of IPIB processing over laser processing include the need to form and propagate the beams in vacuum, and the need for shielding of x-rays produced by relatively low-level electron current present in IPIB accelerators. Also these beams cannot be as tightly focused onto targets as lasers, making them unsuitable for applications requiring treatment on small spatial scales.

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Macfarlane, Robert, Atsushi Teramura, Christopher J. Owen, Scott Chase, Ralph de la Torre, Kenton W. Gregory, John W. Peterson, Reginald Birngruber, John A. Parrish, and Nicholas T. Zervas. "Treatment of vasospasm with a 480-nm pulsed-dye laser." Journal of Neurosurgery 75, no. 4 (October 1991): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.75.4.0613.

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✓ Laser energy at a wavelength of 480 nm was applied in 1-µsec pulses of 3 to 10 mJ to two models of vasospasm. Rabbit common carotid arteries (CCA's) were constricted chronically by the application of human blood within a silicone sheath. Peak vasospasm developed 24 to 48 hours later, and persisted for up to 6 days. Endovascular laser treatment was delivered to 40 CCA's via a 200-µm diameter silica quartz fiber introduced through the femoral artery. The CCA caliber increased from 60% of the pre-vasospasm control diameter to a minimum post-laser diameter of 83% of control. No instances of laser-induced perforation or of arterial thrombosis were observed for up to 60 days after treatment. Prophylactic laser application to nine normal vessels was able to attenuate the development of vasospasm if blood was applied immediately thereafter (88% vs. 59% of control diameter, p < 0.02), but not if blood was applied 7 days later. Studies in 16 normal CCA's established that there was a considerable margin between the laser energy required to induce dilatation and that which caused perforation, providing that the fiber remained relatively central within the artery. Morphological examination demonstrated focal loss of endothelial cells immediately after laser application, followed approximately 7 days later by the development of areas of intimal hyperplasia. Only minimal changes were observed in the medial or adventitial layers. In a second study, the basilar artery of seven dogs was constricted chronically by two intracisternal injections of autologous blood 3 days apart. Five dogs received endovascular laser treatment 7 or 10 days after the first injection, when basilar artery diameter was reduced to a mean of 61% and 77% of control, respectively. Immediately following treatment, basilar artery diameter increased to 104% and 102% of resting diameter, respectively. Both untreated and laser-treated arteries were smaller than the control diameter at 30 days (80% and 82%, respectively), but in each group the vasodilatory response to hypercapnia was preserved. These findings indicate that 1-µsec laser pulses are well tolerated by systemic and cerebral arteries in two different animal models, and suggest that the 480-nm pulsed-dye laser may have an application for the treatment or prophylaxis of cerebral vasospasm.

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Kim, Ji Hoon, and Hong-Shik Choi. "The Efficiency of Treatment for Vocal Fold Disease by Pulsed Dye Laser(PDL)." Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 21, no. 2 (November 2010): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35420/jcohns.2010.21.2.164.

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Li, Li, Taro Kono, William Frederick Groff, Henry H. Chan, Yoshihiko Kitazawa, and Motohiro Nozaki. "Comparison study of a long‐pulse pulsed dye laser and a long‐pulse pulsed alexandrite laser in the treatment of port wine stains." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 10, no. 1 (January 2008): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14764170701817023.

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Rosie, Tawhida Nawazesh, Md Abdul Latif Khan, Md Shirazul Islam Khan, Quazi Salim Yazdi, and ATM Rezaul Karim. "Efficacy and Safety of Long-Pulsed Nd-Yag Laser in Treatment of Hirsutism." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 14, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v14i2.45901.

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Introduction: Hirsutism is a condition of unwanted malepattern hair growth in women. Perception of hirsutism is subjective and it is a common condition affecting 5-10% of unselected women. Objectives: To find out the efficacy and safety of long-pulsed Nd-YAG laser in the treatment of hirsutism. Materials and Methods: Fifty females of age between 18- 50 years with dark terminal facial hair and normal hormonal profile were treated with long-pulsed Nd-YAG laser (1064nm, 10mm spot size, pulse duration of 25-30 minutes and fluence of 25-40J/cm2). Six consecutive sessions of laser treatment were delivered to all the patients at 4 to 6 weeks’ interval. Photographic evaluations and percentage of hair reduction were done before each session and final assessment noted at the end ofninemonths. Results: All the patients completed the study. Good hair reduction (50-75%) was seen in 52% of patients after the first treatment session. After six consecutive treatment sessions at the end of nine-month excellent hair reduction (>75%) was noted in 86% of patients and good hair reduction (50-75%) seen in 12% patients. Side effects in our study were post-operative erythema in 40% and perifollicular oedema in 33.33%. Conclusion: The study supportslong-pulsed Nd-YAG laser with multiple six sessionsis safe and effective in the treatment of hirsutism. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 169-172

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Safin, D. A., N. E. Gorbatova, S. A. Zolotov, I. V. Batunina, A. A. Sirotkin, G. P. Kuzmin, O. V. Tikhonevich, M. V. Remennikova, and D. A. Seleznev. "Transcutaneous selective laser photodestruction for the treatment of petechial arachnoid capillary angiodysplasia of the skin in children." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 27, no. 1 (April 5, 2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55308/1560-9510-2023-27-1-17-22.

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Introduction. Petechial – arachnoid capillary angiodysplasia (PACA) of the skin is an acquired pathological benign vascular formation that is met in 66% of children aged 4–9. PACA looks like a spider with a vascular red spot in the center and thin vascular rays coming from it. PACA has a benign course; it is slowly and gradually growing over time, and in rare cases it can disappear spontaneously. There have been proposed some techniques for removing PACA: cryodestruction, electrocoagulation, laser coagulation – with CO2-laser light (wavelength 10.6 mkm), copper vapor laser (wavelength 511 and 578 nm), pulsed dye laser (wavelength 585–595 nm). The main disadvantage of cryodestruction, electrocoagulation and laser coagulation with CO2-laser is a high risk of scarring, hyperpigmentation and frequent relapses. While irradiation with copper vapor laser and pulsed dye laser requires repeated exposures to achieve optimal results.Purpose. To improve outcomes in managing children with PACA using a new modality of transcutaneous selective laser photodestruction.Material and methods. For the last two years, 61 children having PACA were treated with transcutaneous selective laser photodestruction in Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (Moscow, Russian Federation ). The researchers used “green” laser light having the following parameters: wavelength 520±10.0 nm, peak power 2.0±0.5 W, pulse duration 1.9 ms, pulse frequency 50 Hz, exposure time 2.0±0.5 sec.Results and discussion. 59 patients had no any residual elements after the first session; the other two had repeated photodestruction because of residual elements. No scar deformity was seen in any of 61 cases after treatment.Conclusion. The present clinical trial has demonstrated that transcutaneous selective laser photodestruction, if to consider spatial localization of PACA structural elements in the skin, allows to precisely irradiate only the central vascular element and to achieve radically good clinical and esthetic outcomes after treatment.

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Yamashita, Daisuke, Yuji Matsumoto, Yoshinori Tamaoki, Yukio Ueda, Hiroyuki Okada, Toshiyuki Kawashima, Yutaka Yamashita, Teiji Nakayama, and Kazuo Umemura. "In vitro analysis of mechanism of pulsed-laser thrombolysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): e0262991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262991.

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Thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of cardiogenic acute cerebral embolism caused by coagulated blood carries the risk of hemorrhagic complications, and there is a need to develop safer and more reliable treatment methods. Laser thrombolysis therapy, which utilizes the difference in energy absorption between the thrombus and the arterial wall, has shown promise as a new treatment method because it can selectively act only on the thrombus. It has not been applied clinically, however, and one of the main reasons for this is that its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. We developed a pulse laser thrombolysis system for treating cerebral blood vessels that consists of a diode-pumped solid-state neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser, which has excellent stability and maintainability and is suitable for clinical applications coupled to a small-diameter optical fiber. Moreover, we analyzed the mechanisms that occur during pulsed laser irradiation of transparent glass tubes and gelatin phantoms. We found that bubbles form as a thermal effect in addition to ablation of the pulsed laser irradiation. Furthermore, we detected no shock waves or water jets associated with the bubbles. We analyzed the bubbles’ dynamics and growth rate, and their effect on a rabbit blood clot phantom. We concluded that the bubbles generated by the laser irradiation physically cut the thrombus and thereby had a thrombectomy effect. We believe that this study will clarify the mechanism of laser thrombolysis therapy and contribute greatly to the realization of its clinical application.

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Barbora, Ayan, Oryan Bohar, Ariel Alexander Sivan, Eyal Magory, Ariel Nause, and Refael Minnes. "Higher pulse frequency of near-infrared laser irradiation increases penetration depth for novel biomedical applications." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e0245350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245350.

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Background The clinical efficiency of laser treatments is limited by the low penetration of visible light used in certain procedures like photodynamic therapy (PDT). Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) PDT is an innovative technique to overcome this limitation that enables the use of Near Infrared (NIR) light instead of visible light. NIR frequency bands present an optical window for deeper penetration into biological tissue. In this research, we compare the penetration depths of 405 and 808 nm continuous wave (CW) lasers and 808 nm pulsed wave (PW) laser in two different modes (high and low frequency). Methods Increasing thicknesses of beef and chicken tissue samples were irradiated under CW and PW lasers to determine penetration depths. Results The 808 nm CW laser penetrates 2.3 and 2.4 times deeper than the 405 nm CW laser in beef and chicken samples, respectively. 808 nm PW (pulse frequency—500 Hz) penetrates deeper than CW laser at the same wavelength. Further, increasing the pulse frequency achieves higher penetration depths. High frequency 808 nm PW (pulse frequency—71.4 MHz) penetrates 7.4- and 6.0-times deeper than 405 nm CW laser in chicken and beef, respectively. Conclusions The results demonstrate the higher penetration depths of high frequency PW laser compared to low frequency PW laser, CW laser of the same wavelength and CW laser with half the wavelength. The results indicate that integrating SHG in the PDT process along with pulsed NIR light may allow the treatment of 6–7 times bigger tumours than conventional PDT using blue light.

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ALAM, MURAD, JEFFREY S. DOVER, and KENNETH A. ARNDT. "Treatment of Facial Telangiectasia With Variable-Pulse High-Fluence Pulsed-Dye Laser." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 7 (July 2003): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200307000-00001.

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Kwon, Soon Hyo, Jae Woo Choi, Sang Young Byun, Bo Ri Kim, Kyoung Chan Park, Sang Woong Youn, Chang Hun Huh, and Jung Im Na. "Effect of Early Long-Pulse Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment in Infantile Hemangiomas." Dermatologic Surgery 40, no. 4 (April 2014): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dsu.12451.

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Baumgartner, Ján, and Mária Šimaljaková. "Genital angiokeratomas of Fordyce 595-nm variable-pulse pulsed dye laser treatment." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 19, no. 8 (June 30, 2017): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14764172.2017.1343953.

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Liu, Austin, Ronald L. Moy, Edward Victor Ross, Iltefat Hamzavi, and David M. Ozog. "Pulsed Dye Laser and Pulsed Dye Laser–Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Dermatologic Disorders." Dermatologic Surgery 38, no. 3 (March 2012): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02293.x.

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Harries, P. G., M. J. Brockbank, P. G. Shakespeare, and J. A. S. Carruth. "Treatment of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia by the pulsed dye laser." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 11 (November 1997): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100139283.

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AbstractHereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, Osier's disease) is an inherited abnormality of the vasculature characterized by abnormal subepithelial vessels. Treatment has included repeated intranasal cautery, intra-arterial embolization and arterial ligation.Treatment has included repeated intranasal cautery, intra-arterial embolization and arterial ligation. Historically, the operation of septodermoplasty and the use of systemic/topical oestrogens have been the most effective and lasting treatments, but over time the telangiectasias recur. There is increasing interest in the use of a variety of lasers for intranasal photocoagulation.A report of nine patients suffering from hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia who have undergone laser treatment with the Chromos pulsed dye laser is presented. This laser produces light energy at a wavelength of 585 nm and causes localized thermal damage to the blood vessel wall.Initially, no patient saw an improvement in their symptoms, but following an average of approximately three courses of treatment, all have reported a measurable reduction in the number of epistaxes suffered.Although no treatment completely resolves the epistaxis associated with this condition, we have found the pulsed dye laser to be effective at treating telangiectasias within the anterior nasal cavity.

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Kim, Yong Hyun, and Baek-kyu Kim. "Scar Treatment Using 585-nam Pulsed Dye Laser." Medical Lasers 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25289/ml.2016.5.1.17.

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IWASAKI, Yasumasa, Shinji OKANO, Hisakazu DAIKOKU, Kenji MORITA, and Shoso YAMAMOTO. "The Treatment of Hemangioma with Pulsed Dye Laser." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR LASER SURGERY AND MEDICINE 19, no. 4 (1998): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm1980.19.4_231.

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Segura, Joseph W. "Pulsed Dye Laser for Treatment of Ureteral Calculi." Urologic Clinics of North America 15, no. 2 (May 1988): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-0143(21)01465-8.

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CHO, SOYUN, SUN-YOUNG LEE, JEE-HO CHOI, KYUNG-JEH SUNG, KEE-CHAN MOON, and JAI-KYOUNG KOH. "Treatment of “Cyrano” Angioma with Pulsed Dye Laser." Dermatologic Surgery 27, no. 7 (July 2001): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200107000-00012.

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