Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pulsed electrolysis'
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Yagi, Shunsuke. "Surface modification process for high-purity iron and carbon steel by alternating pulsed electrolysis." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136229.
Full textCherkaoui, Mohammed. "Elaboration par electrolyse en courant pulse de revetements d'alliages ni-cu et ni-mo : etude de leurs proprietes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066306.
Full textWard, Matthew. "Enhanced copper electrodeposition onto printed circuit boards using pulsed current and eductor agitation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7476.
Full textLuk, Suet-Fan. "Surface hardening of AISI 1050 steel by pulse electrolysis in aqueous solutions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364579.
Full textMaire, Jean-Michel. "Etude de l'alliage cofecr elabore par electrolyse sous courants pulses." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2046.
Full textСачанова, Юлія Іванівна. "Електрохімічне формування покривів сплавами і композитами Fe–Co–Mo(MoOₓ)." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/43993.
Full textThesis for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences in the speciality 05.17.03 – Technical Electrochemistry. – National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute» Kharkiv, 2019. The component composition of the electrolyte and the ratio of the concentrations of the alloys forming components in the ferum-cobalt-molybdenum system and the regularities of the complex formation in the presence of citrate, which became the basis for the development of electrolytes for metal deposition and metal oxide coatings are substantiated. It was found that high-quality coatings with a molybdenum content of more than 30 at.% Are formed from electrolytes with a concentration of sodium citrate of 0,4 – 0,5 М and oxometalate of 0,2 М. It is proved that the formation of heteronuclear complexes is a prerequisite for the flexible control of ionic equilibria in solution, the mechanism and overvoltage of electrode reactions, the course of which obeys the laws of mixed kinetics, which is confirmed and determined by the activation energy of the process. The reduction of the molybdate ion to the metal phase occurs by the formation of surface oxides of an intermediate oxidation state. Depending on the completeness of the course of this process, conditions are created for the formation of a metal coating of a ternary alloy or a metal oxide composite, the second phase of which consists of molybdenum oxides in an intermediate oxidation state, that is, is formed directly in the electrolysis process. The reduction of oxometalate can occur in several stages using both the electrochemical and chemical mechanisms, which include hydrogen ad-atoms and atoms that are formed in the cathodic reaction. It is this feature that provides the variability of the cathode process and allows flexible control of the stages, as well as the composition and properties of the product of the technological process. The main factors ensuring variability of the coating composition are polarization modes — galvanostatic and pulsed modes, and amplitude and time parameters of the current. At the same current densities, the use of pulsed electrolysis allows the formation of coatings with a significantly higher molybdenum content. In particular, with a constant pulse duration of 10–20 ms and pauses of 5–20 ms, the composition of the shells is enriched in molybdenum to 30 at.% With a significantly lower oxide content. Such changes in the composition of the coating compared with the stationary regime are due to the chemical reaction of the reduction of intermediate molybdenum oxides by hydrogen atoms as a result of the overflow effect. The higher content of the oxide phase in the composition of tournament alloys formed in the galvanostatic mode allows us to classify them as composites. With the same polarization mode, the parameters depending on the current are determined not only by the content of the components of the alloy or composite, but also by the morphology of the coating surface and the current efficiency. Under the conditions of stationary electrolysis, the efficiency of the alloy is in the range 56−62 %, and when using pulsed electrolysis, the efficiency of the process increases to 61–70 % due to the chemical reaction of the reduction of molybdenum oxides. hydrogen atoms of hydrogen. The dissipated ability of the electrolyte also depends on the current density and is extreme in nature with a maximum of 62% at i = 2.5 A/dm². Dissipation results are consistent with known electrolytes. Composite coatings Fe−Co−MoOₓ and metallic coatings Fe−Co−Mo have a fine-crystalline structure, surface development increases with increasing current density, and the nature and size of crystallites depends on the composition of the coatings and electrolysis conditions. So for Fe48Co40Mo12 coatings obtained by direct current, the average crystallite size is 63 Ǻ, and for Fe43Co39Mo18 coatings obtained in a pulsed mode, the average crystallite size is 56 Ǻ. Depending on the electrodeposition modes, the surface roughness also varies - in the galvanostatic and pulsed modes, the parameter Ra for the alloys is 0,15 and 0,11, respectively, which corresponds to grades 9-10. The synthesized coatings have a range of physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties with a high level of performance. Thus, corrosion resistance testing shows that the depth of the index (0,018 – 0,02 mm/year) coatings are characterized as 4 points of resistance on a ten-point scale, and ranked according to the density of the corrosion current is "stable" in acidic solutions and "very stable" in neutral and alkaline solutions. Corrosion resistance to the acid solutions increases the presence of molybdenum through the acidic nature of its oxides, and in neutral and alkaline solutions the covers exhibit resistance due to passivation of iron and cobalt. The free energy of the surface of metal coatings and composites is in the range of 118-128 mJ/m², which is almost an order of magnitude lower than the alloys of the component and the surfaces of the Fe−Co−MoOₓ composites lower than the Fe−Co−Mo alloy due to the higher oxygen content in its structure. , causing the composites to be chemically stable. The microhardness of galvanic coatings is in the range of 595–630 kgf/mm² depending on the individual components and is 2,5–3 times higher than for steel. The microhardness of the coatings increases symbatically with an increase in the amount of molybdenum in the alloy and also increases with an increase in this parameter in the integral of current densities. The high adhesion of the coatings to the surface of the steel, resistance to polishing, heating and kink is established. The high electrocatalytic activity of ternary alloys in the reactions of anodic oxidation of low molecular weight alcohols was established, and the magnitude of the peaks of the anodic and cathodic currents in the cyclic voltammogram is even higher than that of the platinum electrode, so galvanic coatings with Fe−Co−Mo alloy can be considered a promising catalytic material for fuel cells. High electrocatalytic activity of the skin was also detected in cathodic reactions of hydrogen evolution from alkaline and acidic media, which is higher as a result of the synergistic effect compared to individual metals. A connection was established between the alloy composition and catalytic properties – a higher molybdenum content usually improves the quality of coatings. At the same time, the exchange current density of the hydrogen evolution reaction on composite coatings in all model solutions is higher than for metal coatings, which is consistent with the results of determining the current efficiency. The coatings have magnetic properties, and the value of the coercive force for Fe—Co−Mo coatings is in the range of 7-10 Oe, which is higher than the value for the Fe−Co alloy (6,5-7,2 Oe). Fe−Co−Mo alloys are "Magnetic materials" and can be used in the production of magnetic information storage elements. The alloy has sensory properties on the individual components of the gas environment and can be used, in particular, as a sensor material of the sensor to determine the maximum hydrogen concentration. Based on kinetic characteristics and technological parameters, software and technological module have been created and a variable technological scheme for applying Fe−Co−Mo(MoOₓ) coatings of controlled composition and predicted physicomechanical and physicochemical properties has been proposed. According to the results of tests and elements of equipment coated with ternary alloys at PJSC "Ukrndikhimmash" and at the Metrological center of military standards of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, a high level of operational characteristics of the synthesized coatings and the effectiveness of the technology for their synthesis have been proved. The research results were introduced into the educational process of the Department of Physical Chemistry NTU "KhPI" and the Military Institute of Tank Troops NTU "KhPI".
Єрмоленко, Ірина Юріївна. "Удосконалення електрохімічного рециклінгу псевдосплавів вольфраму." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2012. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22265.
Full textRolet, Jason. "Influence de la forme de l'onde de polarisation sur la microstructure et les propriétés de revêtements électrolytiques élaborés à base de chrome trivalent." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD010.
Full textThis thesis work is part of an ambitious project handled by IRT M2P, named “Hard Chrome by Trivalent Chromium” which gathers 15 industrials partners but also 2 academic partners. The main objective is to substitute the hexavalent chromium compounds in hard chromium electroplating process before there ban by European instances (REACH, ECHA) in September 2017, excepted for those authorized. As part of this thesis, electrochemical studies were realized on commercial and synthetic baths. Thanks to this studies, a material has been chosen to act as an anode for the making of the trivalent chromium coatings ; furthermore, the utilization conditions of the commercial bath has been optimized. Moreover, another study based on transient curves allows a better comprehension of the behaviour of the trivalent chromium electrolytes regarding pulsed current. This work permitted the elaboration of pulse sequences in the form of an experimental design. The realization and characterization of trivalent chromium coatings as a part of the experimental design show that pulsed current have an effect on several properties of the coatings such as carbon content, crystalline structure, microhardness, surface morphologies an microcracking. Thanks to the analyses of the results from the experimental design, an optimization of pulsed current has been made to obtain optimized pulse sequences. The utilization of those pulse sequences, used alone or combine with some pulse sequences of the experimental design lead to the elaboration of trivalent chromium coatings which properties are adjustables depending on the set parameters of the process. To further optimize the properties of the coatings, the basis of an analysis tool based on local pH measurements are developed; this analysis tool must make it possible to select the most interesting pulse sequences for the realization of trivalent chromium coatings
Every, Hayley A. (Hayley Ann) 1973. "An NMR diffusion study of the transport properties in novel electrolytes." Monash University, Dept. of Materials Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8796.
Full textMays, Thomas Allen. "Low voltage electrolytic capacitor pulse forming inductive network for electric weapons." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FMays.pdf.
Full textКаракуркчі, Ганна Володимирівна. "Електрохімічне формування функціональних покриттів сплавами заліза з молібденом і вольфрамом." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21865.
Full textThesis for granting the Degree of Candidate of Technical sciences in speciality 05.17.03 – Technical Electrochemistry. – National Technical University “Kharkiv Politechnical Institute”, 2015. The thesis is devoted to the development of technology for iron alloys electrochemical functional coatings with molybdenum and tungsten electrodeposition from citrate electrolyte to produce materials with high corrosion resistance, physical, mechanical and tribological properties. On the basis of kinetic regularities the mechanism of Fe-Mo, Fe-Mo-W alloys’ formation was established as co-precipitation of iron with molybdenum and tungsten in the range pH 3,0–4,0 happening on two routes, one-alloying metals reduction from heteronuclear complexes [FeHCitMO₄]⁻ is accompanied by chemical reaction of ligand releasing, and the second-reduction of iron (III) from the adsorbed complexes [FeHCit]⁺ and in part – from FeOH²⁺ accompanied by the chemical stage of ligand release. Experimental study of the electrolytic alloys functional properties have shown the high corrosion resistance of FeMo and Fe-Mo-W coatings in acidic and neutral media stimulated by acidic nature of refractory oxide components which exceeds the resistance of steel and cast iron. Proposed electrolytic alloys dominated by microhardness steel substrates in 2–3 times, and cast iron – in 4–5 times, the increasing tungsten content provides increasing in physical, mechanical and tribological properties of electrolytic alloys due to the formation of amorphous structure. A technological scheme for electrochemical synthesis of iron alloys functional coatings with molybdenum and tungsten was designed and technological instructions were prepared for implementation.
Poláčik, Ján. "Pulzní generování vodíku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231825.
Full textAbdulla, Taha. "The effect of pulsed bipolar plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on the mechanical properties of open cell aluminium foams." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3806/.
Full textMsakni, Malouche Mariem. "Usinage par Pulse ElectroChemical Machining (PECM) de superalliages base nickel employés pour des pièces aéronautiques fortement sollicitées thermomécaniquement : compréhension des phénomènes physicochimiques et optimisation du procédé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0267.
Full textPulse Electro Chemical Machining PECM is an unconventional machining process (with no cutting tools) of complex shapes requiring high precision. This technology is based on the anodic oxidation of the metal and is distinguished by pulsed current synchronized to an oscillation of the cathode with a rectilinear translational movement. The electrolyte is continuously renewed allowing the evacuation of sludge of the dissolved metal. The PECM involves low inter-electrode gap (from 0.01 to 0.2 mm) which ensures high dimensional accuracy. The aim of the thesis is to understand the physico-chemical phenomena related to the anodic dissolution of nickel-based superalloys (René 65 and Inconel 718) in the usual electrolyte NaNO3. Because of the complexity of the microstructure of the studied superalloys, the different phases were synthesized and studied separately. It appears that the insoluble dissolution products formed during anodization are mainly composed of Ni and Nb oxides (for Inconel 718) and Ti and W oxides (for René 65), but also γ '' (Ni3Nb), γ '(Ni3Ti) phases as well as carbides of W, of Nb of Cr. Consequently, the dissolved elements in solution are mainly made of the major elements of the austenitic matrix. In order to ensure a homogeneous dissolution of the different phases, alternative media have been developed, in particular by adding chelating agents. An experimental device for simulating PECM conditions in the laboratory allowed to establish the dissolution efficiency of the alloy as a function of different current densities in usual and alternative environments. Finally, the use of these alternative media was tested on the PECM machine. An experimental design methodology was used for the René 65 to compare the efficiency of the alternative electrolyte with the usual one with optimized operating parameters. These pilot scale tests have been extended to Inconel 718 alloy. It appears that the use of specific electrolyte makes it possible both to reduce the production of metal hydroxide sludge and to limit the formation of anodic surface layers
Piatnicki, Slawomir. "Lixiviation de minerais aurifères et électrolyse directe des solutions diluées sur une cathode volumique poreuse percolée pulsée : application aux petits gisements d'or." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL040N.
Full textЄрмоленко, Ірина Юріївна. "Наукові основи електрохімічної технології покриттів тернарними сплавами заліза з тугоплавкими металами." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37459.
Full textDissertation for the Degree of the Doctor of Engineering Sciences in the Specialty of 05.17.03 – Technical Electrochemistry. – National Technical University "Kharkіv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkіv, 2018. This doctoral thesis is devoted to the development of scientific basics for electrochemical technologies used for the application of coatings consisting of ternary iron and cobalt alloys combined with molybdenum and tungsten of improved functionality. The hypothesis as for the competitive reduction of iron ternary metals with refractory components preconditioned by the mutual interaction of thermal-&-dynamic and crystal-&-chemical characteristics of the alloy-forming metals and the kinetic parameters of cathode process and it was proved experimentally. The kinetic regularities of the co-reduction in Fe³⁺ ‒ MoO₄²⁻ ‒ WO₄²⁻ ‒ Cit³⁻, Fe³⁺ ‒ Со²+ ‒ WO₄²⁻ (MoO₄²⁻) ‒ Cit³⁻ systems have been defined and the mechanism of deposition of ternary Fe-Mo-W, Fe-Co-W (Mo) alloys has been substantiated. The influence of composition of electrolytes and modes of electrolysis on elemental, phase composition and surface morphology of the obtained coatings has been deter-mined. The possibility of controlling the composition and morphology of multicomponent coatings on the basis of iron and cobalt by varying the composition of the electrolyte (the ratio of component concentrations, the ratio of ligand and complexing agent), and by used of galvanostatic and pulsed electrolysis regimes with a ranging of current density 2.5 ‒ 6.5 A/dm², and durations pulse/pause 5 ‒ 10 / 5 ‒ 20 ms, has been proved. The electrolytes and the deposition modes were developed that provide the deposition of Fe-Co-W coatings with the Co content of 32 to 47 аt. %, and W of 5 to 13 аt. %, and Fe-Mo-W coatings with the tungsten content of 5 to 11 at. %, and the molybdenum contents of 26 to 32 at. %, and the Fe-Сo-Мо coatings with the Co content ranging from 26 to 48 at. %, and Mo content ranging from 15 to 31 at. %, and the current efficiency ranging from 58 to 82 %. The variation schemes of electrochemical processes were suggested and these allow for the deposition of Fe-Mo-W and Fe-Co-W(Мо) coatings depending on their practical application. The perspective directions of the application of the obtained materials according to the results of experimental researches and tests of functional properties in model environments and technological conditions are determined.
Єрмоленко, Ірина Юріївна. "Наукові основи електрохімічної технології покриттів тернарними сплавами заліза з тугоплавкими металами." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37455.
Full textDissertation for the Degree of the Doctor of Engineering Sciences in the Specialty of 05.17.03 – Technical Electrochemistry. – National Technical University "Kharkіv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkіv, 2018. This doctoral thesis is devoted to the development of scientific basics for electrochemical technologies used for the application of coatings consisting of ternary iron and cobalt alloys combined with molybdenum and tungsten of improved functionality. The hypothesis as for the competitive reduction of iron ternary metals with refractory components preconditioned by the mutual interaction of thermal-&-dynamic and crystal-&-chemical characteristics of the alloy-forming metals and the kinetic parameters of cathode process and it was proved experimentally. The kinetic regularities of the co-reduction in Fe³⁺ ‒ MoO₄²⁻ ‒ WO₄²⁻ ‒ Cit³⁻, Fe³⁺ ‒ Со²+ ‒ WO₄²⁻ (MoO₄²⁻) ‒ Cit³⁻ systems have been defined and the mechanism of deposition of ternary Fe-Mo-W, Fe-Co-W (Mo) alloys has been substantiated. The influence of composition of electrolytes and modes of electrolysis on elemental, phase composition and surface morphology of the obtained coatings has been deter-mined. The possibility of controlling the composition and morphology of multicomponent coatings on the basis of iron and cobalt by varying the composition of the electrolyte (the ratio of component concentrations, the ratio of ligand and complexing agent), and by used of galvanostatic and pulsed electrolysis regimes with a ranging of current density 2.5 ‒ 6.5 A/dm², and durations pulse/pause 5 ‒ 10 / 5 ‒ 20 ms, has been proved. The electrolytes and the deposition modes were developed that provide the deposition of Fe-Co-W coatings with the Co content of 32 to 47 аt. %, and W of 5 to 13 аt. %, and Fe-Mo-W coatings with the tungsten content of 5 to 11 at. %, and the molybdenum contents of 26 to 32 at. %, and the Fe-Сo-Мо coatings with the Co content ranging from 26 to 48 at. %, and Mo content ranging from 15 to 31 at. %, and the current efficiency ranging from 58 to 82 %. The variation schemes of electrochemical processes were suggested and these allow for the deposition of Fe-Mo-W and Fe-Co-W(Мо) coatings depending on their practical application. The perspective directions of the application of the obtained materials according to the results of experimental researches and tests of functional properties in model environments and technological conditions are determined.
Сачанова, Юлія Іванівна. "Електрохімічне формування покривів сплавами і композитами Fe–Co–Mo(MoOₓ)." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/43990.
Full textThesis for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences in the speciality 05.17.03 – Technical еlectrochemistry. – National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” Kharkiv, 2019. The dissertation is devoted to the development of technology for electrodeposition of functional coatings by alloys of iron with cobalt and molybdenum from complex citrate electrolytes. Based on the analysis of ionic equilibria and kinetic laws, it was found that molybdenum is converted into an alloy with iron and cobalt to a metallic state from heteronuclear complexes through the formation of intermediate spokes both as a result of cathodic polarization and as a result of the formation of hydrogen and hydrogen atoms. realize overflow effect. Changing the modes and parameters of electrolysis allows the formation of composite metal oxide coatings in iron-cobalt-molybdenum system by including a metal matrix of molybdenum oxide as an intermediate link of electrode reactions. The quantitative composition of the electrolyte and the modes of coating with a given content of components, morphology, structure and operational characteristics are justified. The optimal polarization modes are determined, the use of which allows one to obtain defect-free coatings. The corrosion resistance of the coatings of the Fe-Co-Mo(MoOₓ) system exceeds the value for the alloy components, and the microhardness is three times higher than the microhardness for steel and individual components of the ternary system. High electrocatalytic activity of the coatings was found in cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions, which, as a result of the synergistic effect, is higher than for individual metals, and grows with the molybdenum content and the activity of Fe-Co-Mo (MoOₓ). Coatings in the reactions of anodic oxidation of low molecular weight alcohols at a current density of the anodic and cathodic peaks are even higher than on a platinum electrode. The coatings turned out to be "soft magnetic materials" that can be used in the manufacture of magneto-optical information storage devices, and the sensory properties of individual components of gaseous media were used to create a sensitive element of the sensor. The technological scheme of electrodeposition of Fe-Co-Mo (MoOₓ) coatings is proposed, depending on their practical purpose.
Шепіда, Мар'яна Володимирівна. "Осадження наноструктурованих металів (Ag, Au, Pd) на кремній електролізом і гальванічним заміщенням з розчинів DMSO та DMF." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/43987.
Full textThesis for the degree of candidate of chemical sciences (PhD) in speciality 05.17.03 – Technical Electrochemistry. – Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv. – Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute National Technical University, Ministry of education and science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2019. The scientific direction of the controlled electrochemical deposition of nanostructured metals (Ag, Au, Pd) on the silicon surface by electrolysis and the method of galvanic substitution in the medium of organic aprotic solvents is developed. It is established that the combination of the pulsed mode of electrolysis and non-aqueous medium promotes the formation of metal nanoparticles. The effect of the concentration of reducing metal ions on the geometry of the nanoparticles and their distribution on the surface of the substrate were investigated. The dependence of the size of metal nanoparticles on the duration of the process of galvanic substitution was studied. The regularities of the influence of the process temperature, the type of silicon surface, the nature of organic solvents on the formation of nanostructured metal sediments (Ag, Au, Pd) and their morphology are revealed. Herefore, the value of cathode potentials, the duration of electrodeposition and the concentration of metal ions are the main factors influencing the morphology of the metal precipitate and the geometry of its structural particles, which is crucial for the controlled formation of nanostructures based on them. The complex of experimental data allowed to modify the silicon surface with metal nanoparticles to produce silicon nanostructures and plasmonically active surfaces based on them. The methods of pulsed electrolysis implemented in the work allow to obtain nanostructured sediments of metals of a given shape and size fixed on the substrate surface for the production of highly sensitive sensors with the subsequent conversion of sunlight into electrical energy. The dependence of geometry of nanoparticles of metals (Ag, Au, Pd) and sediment morphology on electrodeposition conditions (values of cathode potential, concentration of metal ions and process duration) are investigated. It is established that with increasing values of these values there is a tendency to form sediments from discrete particles (from 30 nm to 70 nm) to agglomerates (from 120 nm to 200 nm) and nanoporous films. It is established that the nature of the metal ion, its concentration, temperature and duration of the process of galvanic substitution are the main factors influencing the size of the deposited nanoparticles and the parameters of the controlled formation of Si/MNPs nanostructures. Nanoscale galvanic substitution of silver, palladium, and gold in organic aprotic solvents ensures the formation of nanostructured metal deposits on the silicon surface without the occurrence of side processes. This makes it possible to obtain Si/MNPs systems with nanoparticle sizes up to 100 nm with a relatively small size range. A schematic technological scheme of deposition of metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pd) on silicon electroplating substitution in the environment of organic aprotic solvents was proposed, which allowed to obtain silicon/nanomaterial nanomaterials with functional properties. It has been found that Si/PdNPs, Si/AuNPs systems are more effective in forming silicon nanostructures than Si/AgNPs, due to the difference in metals by the values of standard electrode potentials. The scientific direction of the controlled electrochemical deposition of nanostructured metals (Ag, Au, Pd) on the silicon surface by electrolysis and the method of galvanic substitution in the medium of organic aprotic solvents is developed. It is established that the combination of the pulsed mode of electrolysis and non-aqueous medium promotes the formation of metal nanoparticles. The effect of the concentration of reducing metal ions on the geometry of nanoparticles and their distribution on the surface of the substrate were investigated. The dependence of the size of metal nanoparticles on the duration of the process of galvanic substitution was studied. The regularities of the influence of the process temperature, the type of silicon surface, the nature of organic solvents on the formation of nanostructured metals (Ag, Au, Pd) and their morphology are revealed. The feasibility of deposition of metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pd) on the silicon surface is grounded, based on the high value of their standard electrode potentials and the efficiency of Si/MNPs systems in the formation of functional nanostructures and plasmonically active surfaces. The efficiency of combining the pulsed electrolysis regime and the environment of organic aprotic solvents for the controlled deposition of MNPs of a given geometry on a semiconductor surface is proved. The rational conditions for electrodeposition of nanostructured metals (Ag, Au, Pd) were experimentally established: the composition of the electrolyte, the pulse electrolysis parameters (cathode potential value, pulse duration and pauses) and the process duration (number of cycles). For E = -1,6 ...- 2,2 V from solutions (0,002 ... 0,008)M H[AuCl₄] + 0,05M Bu₄NClO₄ in DMSO; (0,001… 0,006)M Pd(NO₃)₂ + 0,05M Bu₄NClO₄ in DMSO and PC; (0,025… 0,1)M (NH₄)[Ag(CN)₂] in DMF, τon.:τoff. = 6: 300 ms, 25… 800 cycles, at a temperature of 25 °C silver, gold and palladium are deposited on the silicon surface to form nanoparticles. The dependence of geometry of nanoparticles of metals (Ag, Au, Pd) and sediment morphology on electrodeposition conditions (values of cathode potential, concentration of metal ions and process duration) are investigated. It is established that with increasing values of these values, there is a tendency to form sediments from discrete particles (from 30 nm to 70 nm) to agglomerates (from 120 nm to 200 nm) and nanoporous films. The conditions of controlled deposition of metal nanoparticles on a silicon surface according to their geometry are proposed. It is shown that within the cathodic potentials of -0,2 ... -2,5 V, solutions of reducing ions of a wide range of concentrations of silver, gold and palladium are deposited on the silicon surface in the form of discrete nanoparticles, which are uniformly distributed over the surface of the substrate. Therefore, due to the nature of the 3D semiconductor substrate, the growth of the recovered metal occurs by the Volmer-Weber mechanism. It is shown that in non-aqueous solutions of solvated and complex ions in the wide range of concentrations and temperatures on the silicon surface processes of nanosized galvanic substitution occur. The formation of the precipitate is carried out by the Volmer-Weber mechanism with the formation of discrete (islet) nanoparticles on a semiconductor substrate similarly to their deposition by electrolysis. High-donor molecules of organic aprotic solvent (L) due to donor-acceptor interaction L:→form surface complexes with fixed MNPs. The latter undergo a kind of "blocking", complicating their growth. This contributes to the formation of spherical MNPs due to the "smoothing" effect. It is established that the nature of the metal ion, its concentration, temperature and duration of the process of galvanic substitution are the main factors influencing the size of deposited nanoparticles and the parameters of the controlled formation of Si/MNPs nanostructures. Nanoscale galvanic substitution of silver, palladium, and gold in organic aprotic solvents ensures the formation of nanostructured metal deposits on the silicon surface without the occurrence of side processes. This makes it possible to obtain Si/MNPs systems with nanoparticle sizes up to 100 nm with a relatively small size range. The results of investigations, the use of electrochemically deposited metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pd) on the silicon surface to create plasmonically active surfaces and silicon nanostructures are presented. The dependence of the morphology of the latter on the geometry of the nanoparticles deposited as activators of metal-active chemical etching. Si/PdNPs, Si/AuNPs systems have been found to be more effective in the formation of silicon nanostructures than Si/AgNPs. This is due to the difference of metals in the values of standard electrode potentials. The results of the research trials at the Research Center of the Committee of Forensic Expertise of the Republic of Belarus have shown the effectiveness of the materials obtained for highly sensitive sensors. Results of work in the educational process of the Department of Chemistry and Technology of Inorganic Substances of Lviv Polytechnic National University were introduced for specialized work 161 "Chemical technologies and engineering" specialization "Technical electrochemistry" in theoretical and laboratory classes in the discipline "Electrochemistry of nanomaterials".
Шепіда, Мар'яна Володимирівна. "Осадження наноструктурованих металів (Ag, Au, Pd) на кремній електролізом і гальванічним заміщенням з розчинів DMSO та DMF." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/43982.
Full textThesis for the degree of candidate of chemical sciences (PhD) in speciality 05.17.03 – Technical Electrochemistry. – Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv. – Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute National Technical University, Ministry of education and science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2019. The scientific direction of the controlled electrochemical deposition of nanostructured metals (Ag, Au, Pd) on the silicon surface by electrolysis and the method of galvanic replacement in the medium of organic aprotic solvents is developed. It is established that the combination of the pulsed mode of electrolysis and non-aqueous medium promotes the formation of metal nanoparticles. The effect of the concentration of reducing metal ions on the geometry of the nanoparticles and their distribution on the surface of the substrate were investigated. The dependence of the size of metal nanoparticles on the duration of the process of galvanic replacement was studied. The regularities of the influence of the process temperature, the type of silicon surface, the nature of organic solvents on the formation of nanostructured metal sediments (Ag, Au, Pd) and their morphology are revealed. Herefore, the value of cathode potentials, the duration of electrodeposition and the concentration of metal ions are the main factors influencing the morphology of the metal precipitate and the geometry of its structural particles, which is crucial for the controlled formation of nanostructures based on them. The dependence of geometry of nanoparticles of metals (Ag, Au, Pd) and sediment morphology on electrodeposition conditions (values of cathode potential, concentration of metal ions and process duration) are investigated. It is established that with increasing values of these values there is a tendency to form sediments from discrete particles (from 30 nm to 70 nm) to agglomerates (from 120 nm to 200 nm) and nanoporous films. It is established that the nature of the metal ion, its concentration, temperature and duration of the process of galvanic replacement are the main factors influencing the size of the deposited nanoparticles and the parameters of the controlled formation of Si/MNPs nanostructures. Nanoscale galvanic replacement of silver, palladium, and gold in organic aprotic solvents ensures the formation of nanostructured metal deposits on the silicon surface without the occurrence of side processes. This makes it possible to obtain Si/MNPs systems with nanoparticle sizes up to 100 nm with a relatively small size range. A schematic technological scheme of deposition of metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pd) on silicon electroplating substitution in the environment of organic aprotic solvents was proposed, which allowed to obtain silicon/nanomaterial nanomaterials with functional properties. It has been found that Si/PdNPs, Si/AuNPs systems are more effective in forming silicon nanostructures than Si/AgNPs, due to the difference in metals by the values of standard electrode potentials. The results of the research trials at the “Research Center of the Committee of Forensic Expertise of the Republic of Belarus” proved the effectiveness of the materials obtained for the highly sensitive sensors. The results of work in the educational process of the Department of Chemistry and Technology of Inorganic Substances of NU “Lviv Polytechnic” in teaching the disciplines on the specialty 05.17.03 – “Technical Electrochemistry” were introduced.
Lin, Chih-Cheng, and 林志誠. "Growth of ZnO Nanorods using Pulsed Current Electrolysis." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94160177833407034292.
Full text國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
95
ZnO nanorods have been grown on the conducting substrates using pulsed current electrolysis (PCE) method. The effects of the reaction concentration, pulsed current density, pulsed length and reaction temperature on the nanorod growth have been investigated in this study. In addition, the influences of noble metal layers on ZnO-nanorod growth have been studied as well. The improvement of the ZnO nanorod growth is achieved on the noble metal pre-coated substrates compared to those grown on the bare substrates. (002) preferential orientation is observed in the XRD pattern of the ZnO nanorods grown on the Au-coated ITO substrate. TEM analyses reveal that nanorods are single crystalline wurtzite structure and they grow along the c-axis direction. HRTEM analyses indicate that there is no epitaxial relationship between the Au layer and ZnO nanorod . Strong UV emission, blue band emission and neglected green band emission are observed in the PL spectra of the ZnO nanorods. CV analyses and the electrode voltage show that Au layer can produce the high concentration of the OH- ion on the surface to enhance the ZnO nucleation.
HERRERA, MICHELLE ELIZABETH. "ANALYTICAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL STUDIES WITH FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION: PART I. PULSED FLOW ELECTROLYSIS WITH THE RETICULATED VITREOUS CARBON ELECTRODE. PART II. ON-LINE DETERMINATION OF SECRETED CATECHOLAMINES FROM CULTURED ADRENAL CELLS (DESENSITIZATION, HYDRODYNAMIC MODULATION, IMMOBILIZED CELLS, THIN LAYER, POROUS)." 1985. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI8517112.
Full textHuang, Da-Yun, and 黃大勻. "The Study of the Zinc Flake Produced by Alkaline Electrolysis with Pulse." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87427406755527683917.
Full text國立高雄應用科技大學
機械與精密工程研究所
102
In this research is to use alkaline electrolysis with the pulse current to produce zinc flake. Experimental reaction system equipment is 500ml, the processing via pre-experiment that choose the anode is stainless steel, the cathode is magnesium plate, the anode and cathode plates are processed through the grinding and polishing. In this experiment, 6M NaOH as the electrolyte, through to change frequency, duty ratio, voltage, zinc in the electrolyte concentration of 6M NaOH and cathode plate to experiment that which parameter can be produced zinc flake thickness from 0.1 to 0.3μm. Changing in the current frequency are respectively 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz and 250Hz. The frequency range from 50Hz to 100Hz is the lower of the frequency that the zinc grow slower of grain growth and smaller particle. The frequency range from 100Hz to 250Hz are the higher of the frequency that the zinc rapid grow grain growth, but easily to reunite and large power; The duty ratio of pulse setting are respectively 0.025, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, the duty ratio in 0.5 is the best in another parameters, because of less reunite. The duty ratio range from 0.025 to 0.2 has the larger of the zinc surface pores. Changing in the voltage are respectively 100V, 150V, 200V, 250V and 300V, the voltage range from 100V to 200V is the lower of the voltage that produce zinc slowly and small of the particle, but reunion caused from resistance. the voltage range from 200V to 300V is the higher of the voltage that produce zinc fast and thick of the particle; Zinc in the electrolyte concentration are respectively 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 g-Zn/L. Zinc concentration range from 12 to 36 g-Zn/L are the higher of the zinc concentration that the zinc grains grew larger and thick; Zinc concentration range from 4 to 12 g-Zn/L are the lower of the zinc concentration that the zinc grains grew small. When the zinc concentration below 6 g-Zn/L or less, due to the small grains of zinc binding ability, resulting in agglomeration and thick. Conditions for the optimal parameters can be learned from the experimental and data statistics, voltage is 200V, the duty ratio is 0.5, frequency is 50Hz, anode plate is stainless steel, cathode plate is magnesium plate, plates spacing are 90mm, zinc in the electrolyte concentration is 4 g-Zn/L, electrolysis time is 30min, producing zinc flake thickness is 0.3μm.
Chou, Nan-Hung, and 周南宏. "Electrolytes for the preparation of titanium dioxide nanotube in pulse anodization." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/624s8w.
Full text國立臺北科技大學
材料科學與工程研究所
99
In this research, the order titanium dioxide nanotube arrays be preparing by anodizing with pulse process, titanium as anode and platinum as cathode. It could get nanotubes that we need in controlling many parameter, like temperature、time、voltage、pulse frequency and electrolytes. The nanotubes were more surface area and higher surface active. The titanium dioxide nanotube can be gain at 10℃ and 3hours by changing voltage about (20V、30V、40V、50V、60V) as experiment parameter with electrolyte of mixed of 0.5wt% ammonium fluoride (NH4F)+0~2wt% Deionized water (H2O)+ethylene glycol (EG). Then, the morphology、diameter、length、Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy analysis of titanium dioxide nanotube were investigated. Effects of micro-morphologies on the composition of the electrolytes and applied potentials were elucidated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL 6500). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses were monitored to the electrochemical properties of nanotubes with models of equivalent circuit demonstrated. By applying each of different voltages, the titanium dioxide nanotube were grown vertically on the surfaces of titanium specimens where their length could be controlled from 30nm to 150nm with diameters of 0.7μm to 12μm. Increasing proportions of deionized water added in EG solution, the descended viscosity of solution would enhance its ion diffusion and reduce chemical dissolution to a stable oxide layer.
Nan, Chang Yen, and 張燕南. "Effect of pulse current and modifier on the black electrolytic minum." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17712966915355570687.
Full textXIE, WEN-YI, and 謝文毅. "Study on anodic oxidation and electrolytic coloring of aluminum by pulse current." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44223212377063680849.
Full textFernandes, Fábio Joel Pereira. "Ion-beam sources based on superionic solid electrolytes." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16272.
Full textHsieh, Ming-Han, and 謝明翰. "Effects of different electrolytes on the properties of bipolar pulsed micro-arc coatings on ADC12 aluminum alloys." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03355343412510461712.
Full text大同大學
材料工程學系(所)
101
This research is to investigate the effect of different electrolytic solutions on the oxide coatings of ADC12 aluminum alloys by bipolar pulse micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process at current density 6A/dm2. The electrolytes were used various additions of NH4VO3, (NaPO3)6 and ZrO2 to the Na2SiO3 and NaOH solutions. The morphologies, composition and microstructure of MAO coatings were investigated by SEM、XRD、XPS and CSM TRIBOMETER. Corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by Polarization curves. Results showed that the oxide coatings formed in the electrolyte containing ammonium metavanadate appeared the color of yellow-green due to coating composition of V2O3, V2O5. The best compactness and corrosion resistance of MAO coatings was found in the elctrolyte with ammonium vanadate for charging ten mintes. The surface roughness of the coatings decreased, the hardness increased, and corrosion resistance slightly decreased as sodium hexametaphosphate added to ammonium vanadate electrolyte for micro-arc oxidation. ZrO2 addition to electrolytes improved the the properties of the coatings such as increasing surface hardness, deceasing roughness and slightly increasing coating thickness, but the corrosion resistance slightly decreased under the addition to ammonium vanadate electrolyte and slightly increased under the addition to sodium hexametaphosphate solution. However, there was little effect on the corrosion resistance of the coatings for ZrO2 additions.
Wu, Wei-Hua, and 伍偉華. "The analysis of efficiency on the acido-alkaline proton exchange membrane water electrolysis by using multi-electrode and pulse." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g7q67b.
Full text國立中央大學
能源工程研究所
106
In this experiment, multiple sets of nickel electrodes were used to produce hydrogen by proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) under the action of pulses and potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid electrolytes. The relevant data were measured by potentiostat, and effects of applied voltage, number of electrode groups,base potential and pulses on the efficiency were investigated. Results show that dual cells and electrolytes can reduce the electrolysis voltage to 0.7V, and improve the efficiency of hydrogen production. Multi-electrode reduces the overall resistance and impedance, thereby improves the energy efficiency. finally as the pulse is added, the instantaneous current value is increased, and the generating hydrogen gas deviates rapidly from the surface of the electrode, accelerates the diffusion speed of the ions, and reduces the polarization phenomenon on the electrode. The efficiency of hydrogen production is thus improved. As the electrode spacing is 10 mm, the acid and alkali concentration is 30% by weight, and the frequency is 100Hz, The energy efficiency at 4V is about 15% higher than no pulse is used. and five groups of electrodes at 2V have the best efficiency of 98.6%.
Merz, Steffen, Peter Jakes, Hermann Tempel, Henning Weinrich, Hans Kungl, Rüdiger-A. Eichel, and Josef Granwehr. "Characterizing Interactions of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes with Electrospun Gas Diffusion Electrode Frameworks by 1H PFG NMR." 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31595.
Full textGopalakrishnan, K. S. "Study On DC-Link Capacitor Current In A Three-Level Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter." Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2628.
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