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Journal articles on the topic 'Pulse Power Crowbar Switch'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Subhash Joshi, T. G., and Vinod John. "Performance Comparison of ETT- and LTT-Based Pulse Power Crowbar Switch." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 45, no. 11 (November 2017): 2994–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2017.2759668.

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2

Akiyama, H., N. Shimomura, K. Takasugi, T. Miyamoto, M. Sato, and T. Tazima. "A self‐crowbar switch for a gas‐puff z‐pinch driven by a pulsed power generator." Review of Scientific Instruments 61, no. 4 (April 1990): 1344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141190.

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3

Verma, Rishi, J. M. V. V. S. Aravind, Pankaj Deb, J. N. Rao, P. Dey, A. K. Dubey, R. Shukla, et al. "Modular electromagnetic railgun accelerator for high velocity impact studies." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 124703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104365.

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A modular electromagnetic railgun accelerator facility named “RAFTAR” (i.e., Railgun Accelerator Facility for Technology and Research) has been commissioned and its performance has been characterized for high velocity impact testing on materials in a single-shot mode. In the first tests, RAFTAR demonstrated an acceleration of more than 1000 m/s for an 8 g solid aluminum-7075 armature projectile. The current fed was 220 kA, having a muzzle time of about 1.75 ms. It is a single pulse breech-fed rectangular bore (14 × 13 mm2) railgun, and its 1.15 m long barrel assembly consists of two parallel copper bars with an inter-gap of 13 mm that are encased within 50 mm thick high strength reinforced fiberglass sheets (Garolite G10-FR4) and bolted from both the sides. RAFTAR is powered by two capacitor bank modules that have a maximum stored energy of 160 kJ each (containing eight 178 μF/15 kV capacitors), two high power ignitron switches, and a pulse shaping inductor. To obtain consistent acceleration of the armature inside the barrel, reversal of driving current is prevented, and its pulse duration is stretched by tactical integration of the crowbar switch and bitter coil inductor in the circuit. Armature projectile velocity measurement in-bore and outside in free space was performed by the time-of-flight technique using indigenously made miniature B-dot sensors and a novel shorting-foil arrangement, respectively. The time resolved measurement of the in-bore armature evidenced a velocity-skin-effect in the high acceleration phase. There is good agreement between the experimentally measured and theoretically predicted efficiency, confirming the optimal choice of operating parameters. The conclusion summarizes important experimental findings and analyzes the underlying causes that limit the performance of railguns.

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4

Takasugi, K., H. Akiyama, N. Shimomura, M. Sato, and T. Tazima. "X‐ray generation from a gas‐puff z‐pinch driven by a pulsed power generator with a self‐crowbar switch." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 8 (August 1993): 2403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143896.

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5

Kokshenev, V. A., and N. E. Kurmaev. "Formation of plasma jets by a high-current discharge in metal vapor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012033.

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Abstract Plasma sources based on high-current discharges (up to 20 kA) in vapors of an aluminum electrode material with initiation over the ceramic surface are investigated. Plasma flows with a divergence angle ≤ 20° and a pulse pressure of ~ 106 Pa were obtained. A design of a crowbar spark gap based on a plasma switch with developed plasma sources built into a magnetically insulated transmission line has been proposed and tested. A crowbar mode is implemented in the transmission line with a current of a mega-ampere level with a cut-off of the load circuit from the megajoule generator GIT-12 for the period of discharge of the Marx generator.

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6

Zhou, Huiying, Siyang Ge, and Liang Qin. "Coordinate Fault Ride-Through Strategy for Connection of Offshore Wind Farms Using Voltage Source-Converter-Based High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission under Single Polar Fault." Sensors 23, no. 12 (June 20, 2023): 5760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125760.

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In a system where wind farms are connected to the grid via a bipolar flexible DC transmission, the occurrence of a short-time fault at one of the poles results in the active power emitted by the wind farm being transmitted through the non-faulty pole. This condition leads to an overcurrent in the DC system, thereby causing the wind turbine to disconnect from the grid. Addressing this issue, this paper presents a novel coordinated fault ride-through strategy for flexible DC transmission systems and wind farms, which eliminates the need for additional communication equipment. The proposed strategy leverages the power characteristics of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) under different terminal voltage conditions. By considering the safety constraints of both the wind turbine and the DC system, as well as optimizing the active power output during wind farm faults, the strategy establishes guidelines for the wind farm bus voltage and the crowbar switch signal. Moreover, it harnesses the power regulation capability of the DFIG rotor-side crowbar circuit to enable fault ride-through in the presence of single-pole short-time faults in the DC system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed coordinated control strategy effectively mitigates overcurrent in the non-faulty pole of flexible DC transmission during fault conditions.

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7

Grainys, Audrius, Jurij Novickij, Tomaš Stankevič, Voitech Stankevič, Vitalij Novickij, and Nerija Žurauskienė. "Single Pulse Calibration of Magnetic Field Sensors Using Mobile 43 kJ Facility." Measurement Science Review 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2015-0033.

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Abstract In this work we present a mobile 43 kJ pulsed magnetic field facility for single pulse calibration of magnetic field sensors. The magnetic field generator is capable of generating magnetic fields up to 40 T with pulse durations in the range of 0.3-2 ms. The high power crowbar circuit is used for the reverse voltage protection and pulse shaping purposes. The structure, the development challenges and the implemented solutions to improve the facility for the calibration of the magnetic field sensors are overviewed. The experimental data of the application of the proposed generator for the calibration of manganite magnetic field sensors are presented.

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8

Meena, B. L., M. S. Tyagi, S. S. P. Rao, A. Mishra, H. Khatun, A. Jakhar, M. Kumar, U. N. Pal, and A. K. Sharma. "Pseudospark switch development for pulse power modulators." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 114 (May 1, 2008): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/114/1/012057.

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9

Zhang, Xiang Jin, and Na Shen. "Pulse Power Supply Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2143.

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A novel pulse power supply charge and discharge automation control program is proposed. The program is based on optical encoder communication mode power supply switch trigger technology. According to the requirements of control system and through the analysis of high power charge and discharge characteristics of pulse power, the whole design for the control system (multiple channels) is completed.

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10

Luo, Xiaoxiao, Qian Wang, Mingming Du, Yingkai Long, and Xiping Jiang. "The Development of Solid-state Pulse Generator based on Marx Circuit with Chopping Switch." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2491, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2491/1/012012.

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Abstract A solid-state pulse source is mainly formed by replacing the spark switch in a traditional pulse source with semiconductor switch device. Compared with conventional gas switch devices such as spark switches, semiconductor switch devices have the advantages of high work repetition frequency, long service life, small size, high efficiency, high reliability, easy control, and active shutdown. However, there are still problems, such as the solid-state switch being easily broken down by high voltage, the rising and falling edges of the pulse being slow, and the loss is enormous. In this paper, a solid-state pulse generator based on Marx with a chopping switch circuit is developed, which effectively solves the above problems. The pulse generator comprises DC power, a switching power circuit, a Marx circuit with a chopping switch, a serial port touch screen, and an optical fiber transmission circuit.

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11

Ye Yueshun, 叶岳顺, 申高 Shen Gao, and 郑建 Zheng Jian. "Study of Q Switch Laser Pulse Power Test." Applied laser 34, no. 4 (2014): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/al20143404.0337.

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12

Ye Yueshun, 叶岳顺, 申高 Shen Gao, and 郑建 Zheng Jian. "Study of Q Switch Laser Pulse Power Test." APPLIED LASER 34, no. 4 (2014): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/al20143404.337.

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13

Jukna, A. "Superconducting switch for high power pulse antenna excitation." Le Journal de Physique IV 11, PR11 (December 2001): Pr11–151—Pr11–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20011124.

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14

Wu, Liang, Yong Yang, and Zhong Kui Zhu. "A New Technology of Pulse by Pulse for NPC Three-Level Inverters." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2489.

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When Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) three-level photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is overloaded or in short state, the control by software could not judge immediately, but the power switch components of the inverter would be broken. The technology of Pulse by Pulse is an important method to protect the power switch components. This paper studies the principle of traditional technology of Pulse by Pulse, then analyzes a new technology of Pulse by Pulse based on Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), finally a 3KW NPC three-level grid-connected inverter is set up with the new technology of Pulse by Pulse and the feasibility is demonstrated through the experiments.

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15

Rong, Li, and Qi Rong. "Research on pulse power based on saturable pulse transformer and magnetic switch." Journal of Engineering 2018, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.5026.

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16

Wang, Qin. "Integrated Nine-Switch Power Converter Based on Discontinuous Pulse-Width Modulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.71.

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This paper evaluates the shortcomings of the application experience before nine-switch the newly proposed converter. A better understanding of development, the conclusion is, nine-switch converter is not an attractive option "alternative of two consecutive converter parallel of the bridge. Instead, nine-switch converter is more suitable for replace back-to-back inverter in" series-shunt "of the system, in a good example is the unified power quality conditioner.

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17

Voitenko, N. V., A. S. Yudin, N. S. Kuznetsova, and V. D. Bochkov. "Experience of Pseudospark Switch Operation in Pulse Power Applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 652 (November 5, 2015): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/652/1/012059.

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18

Seetawan, Tosawat. "Possibility of Thermoelectric Oxide for Thermal Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.601.

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The thermoelectric effects in oxide materials are developed to the Seebeck effect for thermal sensing. Thermal sensors are the thermal converters, in which an electrical, magnetic, mechanical, radiation, chemical signal are measured by converting it into heat and measuring the resulting temperature changes in the device. This proposes an analysis the electrical converters and radiation sensors by using single−junction of p−Ca3Co4O9 and n−CaMnO3 materials are presented into possible thermal sensing. Several thermal converters are measured the signal electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient depended on temperature. Thermal radiation sensors are included the sensitivity, electricity, and specific detectivity. For application, thermoelectric oxide cell can be fabricated crowbar circuit for protection an overvoltage condition of a power supply which it yield 1.2 s turn off switch.

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19

Li, Wei Bo, Wang Xin, Quan Feng, Wei Chao Li, and Zhao Long Sun. "Some Considerations of the Pulse Power Switch Centered on Thyristor Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.60.

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For high energy short pulse discharge applications, like electromagnetic launchers or magnetic forming, mostly the thyristor technology is used. The presented thyristor switch assemblies using 125 mm wafer size are made to switch 62.4MJ stored energy into a load in very short time. The maximum transient peak current of 26 kilo-amperes peak for 20 ms with convection water and air cooling. For this presentation we concentrate on the Thyristor technology as this offer the highest current capability but are not in the position to switch-off any current. Some measures must be used to the pulse switch centered on Thyristor device, i.e., proper selection of the static and dynamic parameters of the thyristor, enough power for triggering the device, and efficient cooling of the device, which can make it possible to produce devices with high blocking voltage combined with very high current handling.

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20

Baginski, Thomas A., Robert N. Dean, and Ed J. Wild. "A Micromachined Robust Planar Triggered Sparkgap Switch for High Power Pulse Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 001869–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp24.

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High voltage (HV) switches capable of operating at high speeds with high current levels are used in a variety of applications in commercial and government systems. Examples of HV switches include triggered sparkgap, dielectric breakdown, and mercury vapor switches. The triggered sparkgap switch is a three-element, gas-filled, ceramic-to-metal, hermetically sealed, pressurized switch that operates in an arc discharge mode. Triggered sparkgaps have been in use for many years, providing precision timing and activation of in-flight functions such as missile stage separation. These applications involve the activation of electro-explosive devices such as an exploding bridge-wire [EBW] or an exploding foil initiator [EFI]. This paper discusses the fabrication and characterization of a novel high voltage planar discharge switch using micromachining techniques. The switch provides a low cost alternative to conventional triggered sparkgaps. The switch is designed for direct integration into the strip-line geometries used in a conventional capacitive discharge unit (CDU). The geometry of the device was selected to minimize parasitic impedances associated with conventional firing circuits. The switch design is microfabricated on an alumina substrate utilizing a patterned electron-beam deposited metallic stack. A polyimide layer selectively deposited over the metal stack provides dielectric isolation and passivation for the switch electrodes. A similar methodology was utilized to fabricate sample EFIs for switch validation tests with insensitive secondary high explosive (HE) pellets. The discharging of the HV capacitor through the patterened bridgefoil of an EFI results in rapid vaporization of the metal stack. The high pressure gas formed by the vaporized metal accelerates the adjacent polyimide layer to high velocity. The polyimde layer then impacts the HE pellet, inducing a shock wave, which results in prompt detonation of the material. Thus, this device is a type of MEMS actuator with a very specialized use. Design, fabrication and test data are presented and discussed.

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21

Nan, Qiu, and Fan Yin Hai. "Digital Controlled High Power Mid-Frequency Pulsed Power Supply." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 1332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.1332.

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In this article a novel scheme of high power mid-frequency pulse power supply is proposed. The supply is made up of two major stages. First stage is dual interleaved buck chopper stage in order to make the DC bus and output pulse voltage controllable. Second stage is a inverter converting the DC voltage into a series of square AC voltage pulse. IGBT module(300A-1200V) is used as the main switch device for the proposed supply is a high power application. As we know large capacity power IGBT module can hardly work as high as 40Khz[1], so to solve this problem, interleaved control scheme is incorporated. Basic ideas are to share the total switching losses. To combine several converters working under certain sequence is the key point. Final output pulse frequency is 20-40Khz,voltage level is 0-800V, and pulse width is 0-90% changeable. The whole system is concise effective. Experimental results verified the feasibility of abovementioned power supply.

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22

Yang, Jia Zhi, Fei Yang, Sheng Li Yi, Cun Bo Jiang, Xing Ming Fan, and Fan Yang. "Simulative and Experimental Research of High Isolate High Voltage Pulsed Power Supply." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1429.

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A high amplitude, fast rising time, and high isolating strength trigger signal is needed for triggering spark gap switch. A high voltage power supply scheme was verified by means of simulation in this paper. Proper parameters of power supply circuit were selected according to the simulation result. Finally, a pulsed power supply was developed. The experimental results show that a negative pulse with 25 kV isolating strength and 15 kV amplitude can be generated by the power supply, and this generated negative pulse can meet the demand of triggering spark gap switch.

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23

Baginski, Thomas A., Robert N. Dean, and Steven P. Surgnier. "A New Robust One-Shot Switch for High-Power Pulse Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (January 1, 2011): 001650–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-wp21.

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High Voltage (HV) switches capable of operating at high speeds and over a wide range of voltages and energies are used in a variety of pulse power applications in material science and plasma physics. Of particular interest is the use of small-scale capacitor discharges to measure the electrical properties of materials as they are heated from solid through liquid to a gas phase. In a capacitive discharge unit (CDU), energy stored in a capacitor is coupled through a switch into a low-impedance transmission line, which typically terminates with a thin sample of material. The energy coupled to the sample is sufficient to cause vaporization. Voltages in such systems range from a few volts to thousands of volts. These vaporized materials are used either as plasma sources for physics experiments, or to propel a thin layer of electrically insulating polymer for high-pressure-impact studies. Several types of switches have been used to drive these systems, including triggered spark gap, dielectric breakdown, and mercury vapor switches. A wide variety of solid-state devices, such as the insulated gate bipolar transistors, are also being utilized for these applications. Inducing a high-pressure shock wave in a dielectric to produce a transition from dielectric to conductor has also been used as an efficient single-shot switch for capacitor discharges. The high-voltage micro-machined switch presented in this document has been designed as a single-use alternative to the more expensive triggered spark gaps and solid-stage devices. The plasma-bridge switch is intended for large-volume, relatively inexpensive systems, and a cost-effective switch for use in destructive testing.

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24

Korotkov, S. V., Yu V. Aristov, and A. L. Zhmodikov. "High-Power Pulse Devices for Studying Reverse Switch-On Dynistors." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 65, no. 3 (June 2022): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441222030095.

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25

Baginski, T. A., and K. A. Thomas. "A Robust One-Shot Switch for High-Power Pulse Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 24, no. 1 (January 2009): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2008.2005411.

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26

Yang, Hanwu, Zicheng Zhang, Jingming Gao, Tao Xun, and Song Li. "A Repetitive Low Impedance High Power Microwave Driver." Electronics 11, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050784.

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A low impedance high power microwave (HPM) driver is designed, which can be used in studying multi-gigawatt HPM devices such as the magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO), based on a helical pulse forming line (PFL) and the Tesla pulse transformer technology. The co-axial PFL is insulated by ethanol–water mixture, whose dielectric constant can be adjusted; and the helical line increases the output pulse width as well as the impedance to make a better match with the load. By the optimal combination of PFL charging voltage and output switch working voltage, the reliability of the PFL can be improved. The Tesla transformer has partial magnetic cores to increase the coupling coefficient and is connected like an autotransformer to increase the voltage step-up ratio. The primary capacitor of the transformer is charged by a high voltage constant current power supply and discharged by a triggered switch. A transmission line is installed between the PFL and the HPM load, to further increase the load voltage. A ceramic disk vacuum interface is used for improving the vacuum of the HPM tube. The experiments show that the driver can operate at 30 GW peak power, 75 ns pulse width and 5 Hz repetition rate.

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27

He, Yi Hong, and Shui Yong Yu. "Research on a New Type of Plating Power Supply." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3518.

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Viewing the problems of lower power factor, high harmonic content, lots of switch losses in tubes of lagging bridge arm when using FB-ZVS-PWM converter in plating power supply, this paper applied the three-level PWM rectifier technology to electroplating power supply, A new converter has been researched. Both different converters have also been compared and analyzed. Phase shift pulse generator and simulation models have been established in Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the PS-FB-ZVZCS PWM converter is more suitable for plating power supply, phases of current and voltage are synchronous, it has the advantages of higher power factor, low harmonic content. All the switch tubes have achieved soft switch, reducing the switch losses, it can improve the efficiency and its performance effectively.

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28

Gao, Jingming, Song Li, Hanwu Yang, Shangdong Jin, Fanzheng Zeng, Baoliang Qian, and Chengwei Yuan. "A novel compact solid-state high power pulse generator based on magnetic switch and square waveform pulse transformer." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 014707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110453.

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The high power pulse generators have been widely used in high power microwave generation and plasma physics research. In this paper, a novel compact solid-state high power pulse generator is studied, numerically and experimentally. The generator is mainly composed of the primary energy supply, the magnetic pulse compressor, the Blumlein type low-impedance pulse forming network, and the square waveform pulse transformer. Especially, design considerations for a solid-state high power pulse generator are proposed. Experimental results show that pulses with a peak power of 2 GW, a duration of 150 ns, and a repetitive rate of 10 Hz are continuously achieved on a dummy load. The dimension is Φ60 × 210 cm2, and the average power density reaches ∼5 W/L. Experimental results show reasonable agreement with numerical analysis.

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29

Zhang, Ruihuan, Yu He, Yong Zhang, Shaohua An, Qingming Zhu, Xingfeng Li, and Yikai Su. "Ultracompact and low-power-consumption silicon thermo-optic switch for high-speed data." Nanophotonics 10, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0496.

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AbstractUltracompact and low-power-consumption optical switches are desired for high-performance telecommunication networks and data centers. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip power-efficient 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch unit by using a suspended photonic crystal nanobeam structure. A submilliwatt switching power of 0.15 mW is obtained with a tuning efficiency of 7.71 nm/mW in a compact footprint of 60 μm × 16 μm. The bandwidth of the switch is properly designed for a four-level pulse amplitude modulation signal with a 124 Gb/s raw data rate. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed switch is the most power-efficient resonator-based thermo-optic switch unit with the highest tuning efficiency and data ever reported.

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30

Cheng Zhao-Gu, Li Xian-Qin, Chai Xiong-Liang, Gao Hai-Jun, and Liu Cui-Qing. "High power pulse CO2 laser with preionization burst-mode switch technology." Acta Physica Sinica 53, no. 5 (2004): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.53.1362.

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31

Novac, B. M., R. Kumar, and I. R. Smith. "A Tesla-pulse forming line-plasma opening switch pulsed power generator." Review of Scientific Instruments 81, no. 10 (October 2010): 104704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3484193.

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32

Bugaev, S. P., A. M. Volkov, A. M. Iskol'dsky, A. A. Kim, B. M. Koval'chuk, V. A. Kokshenev, G. A. Mesyats, A. A. Novikov, and V. P. Yakovlev. "A terawatt pulse-power generator with a microsecond plasma-opening switch." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 18, no. 1 (1990): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.45513.

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33

Petrov, A. V., S. K. Pavlov, and Y. P. Usov. "Formation of high-power, high-voltage rectangular pulses with the controlled stabilization of the pulse peak." Laser and Particle Beams 35, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000027.

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AbstractThe pulse shaper based on a capacitive storage device with an active switch operating on a resistive load is considered. The electrical circuit includes a capacitor with a reference voltage for the stabilization of peak of the pulse. The capacitor connected in parallel with a load via the unilateral conductive switch. A general analysis of the shaping circuit was carried out. Analytical expressions for determination of the stabilization accuracy and the stabilization duration have been obtained. The results of computer simulation of dependence of these characteristics as function of pulse parameters and shaper features are presented. The influence of short-term and abrupt change of the resistance load on the stabilization process of peak of the pulse is considered. The possibility of obtaining of pulses with a controlled stability of pulse peaks <1% for pulses with duration to 100 µs at voltages up to 20 kV and energy stored in a capacitor to 3.4 kJ is shown in prototype of the shaper.

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34

Feng, Jiacheng, Jun Ma, ZaiYan Gong, Di Kang, and Chao Wang. "Design of Multi-threshold Acceleration Switch Based on Matlab." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 04026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823204026.

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Acceleration switch can trigger switches according to the variation of external acceleration without complex control system and circuit. With the excellent characteristics of integration of sensor and actuator, zero power consumption and high reliability, multi-threshold acceleration switch has great application value in the fields of vehicle safety, aerospace and industrial equipment. In order to reduce the complexity of the measurement system and improve the reliability, we realized the design of a multi-threshold and anti-overloading acceleration switch which can distinguish specific pulse width. Additionally, the magnetic elastic contact is designed to prevent the rebound phenomenon when switch is overloaded. Considering the coupling force of spring, magnetic elastic contact and magnetic, we built the dynamic model and analysed the influence of the acceleration threshold and the pulse width on the switch actuation. The numerical simulation shows that the proposed switch has accurate sensitivity of acceleration excitation with specific threshold and certain pulse width, and it also has the ability of anti-overload. Consequently, the proposed method provides a new method for designing acceleration switch.

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35

Yu, Wen Bing, and Chen Pen He. "The Narrow Pulse-Width Laser-Diode End-Pumped Nd:Yvo4/Lbo Green Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 1200–1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.1200.

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A high stable 9.2W and 12.06 ns pulse-width acousto-optic Q- switch solid- state green laser was reported. Through theoretical analysis and experimental research , the resonator was designed and optimized in order to compress pulse-width. In experiment , the double acousto-optic Q- switch was employed with single Nd:YVO4 rod and LBO crystal was applied for frequency doubling. The resonator is the flat-concave type. Under the pumping current of 30A ,a maximum green power of 9.2W was generated at 40kHz repetition rate and 8.164 ns pulse-width.

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M.Revathi, S., C. R.Balamurugan, and N. Shanmugasundaram. "Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Method to Reducing a Switching Loss in Inverter." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.25 (May 3, 2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.25.20498.

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In This paper proposed an area space vector PWM technique that reduces switch victims of an electrical converter mainly efficiently by two-phase modulation technique. This technique chooses the most favorable one that minimizes a replacement switch (SW) defeat judgment supported lessening belongings in switch period allowing for section currents in numerous lessening patterns. This paper proposes an basic curved PWM technique . The planned technique created it attainable to scale back range of switch of the biggest or second major present section . And it will mechanically acclimatize to weight circumstances with varied power factors. Calculated switch wounded area unit condensed to regarding 50% by the planned technique.

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Janke, Włodzimierz. "Averaged models of pulse-modulated DC-DC power converters. Part I. Discussion of standard methods." Archives of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 609–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-012-0045-8.

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Abstract The averaged models of switch-mode DC-DC power converters are discussed. Two methods of averaged model derivation are considered - the first, based on statespace averaging and the second, on the switch averaging approach. The simplest converters: BUCK, BOOST and BUCK-BOOST working in CCM (continuous conduction mode) or DCM are taken as examples in detailed considerations. Apart from the ideal converters, the more realistic case of converters with parasitic resistances is analyzed. The switch averaging approach is used more frequently than the other and is believed to be more convenient in practical applications. It is shown however, that in the deriving the averaged models based on the switch-averaging approach, some informalities have been made, which may be the source of errors in the case of converters with parasitic resistances, or working in DCM mode.

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38

Yin, Xiao Dong, Chun Yang Jiang, Min Lei, Sheng Guo Xia, and Feng Zhou. "Research of Influence of Negative Voltage at Capacitance of Pulse Transformer of Pulse Power Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1510.

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Energy storage capacitance is necessary part of pulse power generator. Generally, it is difficult to match the equivalent capacitance in high voltage side and energy storage capacitance in low voltage side of the pulse transformer. Resultantly, it requires high flow capability of switch device. In this paper, three methods are presented to solve this problem based on reasons of overcurrent. The results of simulation and experiments show that the efficiency of generator was higher with the method of thyristor and inductance in reverse parallel, and this method would be the most effective resolution.

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KOROVIN, SERGEI D., IVAN K. KURKAN, SERGEY V. LOGINOV, IGOR V. PEGEL, SERGEI D. POLEVIN, SERGEI N. VOLKOV, and ANDREY A. ZHERLITSYN. "Decimeter-band frequency-tunable sources of high-power microwave pulses." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 2 (April 2003): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603212052.

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This article describes S-band sources of high-power microwave (HPM) pulses: a resonant backward wave oscillator (BWO) producing ∼5-GW, 100-J pulses, based on the SINUS-7 electron accelerator, and a double-section vircator with a peak power of ∼1 GW and a pulse width of 20–50 ns, powered from either the SINUS-7 accelerator or the MARINA inductive-store pulse driver with a fuse opening switch.

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Mazumder, Sudip K., and Tirthajyoti Sarkar. "SiC Based Optically-Gated High-Power Solid-State Switch for Pulsed-Power Application." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 1195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.1195.

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Hybrid SiC pulsed-power switch (having bipolar transistor structure) with 5 kV breakdown voltage and 1 kA peak current rating has been designed, which can be triggered optically using a GaAs or SiC front-end triggering structure with a rise time < 20 ns and for sub-microsecond pulse-widths. Structural details and physics-based simulation results are presented. It is shown, that GaAs triggering structure reduces the optical-triggering power requirement significantly without sacrificing switching speed as compared to a SiC optical-triggering structure.

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Butkus, Paulius, Sonata Tolvaišienė, and Sebastjanas Kurčevskis. "Validation of a SPICE Model for High Frequency Electroporation Systems." Electronics 8, no. 6 (June 23, 2019): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060710.

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In this paper, we present an analysis and a validation of a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) model for a pulse forming circuit of a high frequency electroporation system, which can deliver square-wave sub-microsecond (100–900 ns) electric field pulses. The developed SPICE model is suggested for use in evaluation of transient processes that occur due to high frequency operations in prototype systems. A controlled crowbar circuit was implemented to support a variety of biological loads and to ensure a constant electric pulse rise and fall time during electroporation to be independent of the applied buffer bioimpedance. The SPICE model was validated via a comparison of the simulation and experimental results obtained from the already existing prototype system. The SPICE model results were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the model complexity was found to be sufficient for analysis of transient processes. As result, the proposed SPICE model can be useful for evaluation and compensation of transient processes in sub-microsecond pulsed power set-ups during the development of new prototypes.

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Yin, Jingbo, Xing Liu, Xunde Guo, and Lianwang Gudsla. "Software Optimization of Welding Machine Motion System Based on Switch Control Algorithm." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 22, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1271190.

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In order to improve the software optimization of welding machine motion system based on switch control algorithm. Based on soft switch arc welding power source current peak control the stability of the BUCK converter, the method by solving peak current control circuit transfer function, and to analyze the formation mechanism of soft switch arc welding power source external characteristic, the frequency of pulse current in the simulation model is set to 200 Hz, the base value of pulse current is 40 A, the peak value of pulse current is 500 A, and the duty cycle is 40%. The welding wire melting speed during the peak value of pulse current is 480 mm/s, while the base value of pulse current is 20 mm/s. The results show that in the 2 s moment of the simulation model, the welding torch suddenly drops from 40 mm height to 30 mm height. Inevitably, the arc length changes from about 16 mm before the step to about 6 mm, which is basically equal to the step change distance. Using pulse frequency modulation (PFM) and adaptive adjustment of pulse current related parameters, effectively eliminate the interference factors in the welding process, quickly adjust arc welding parameters to make the welding wire melting speed equal to the wire feeding speed, maintain the stability of the welding process, and improve the weld forming effect. It is of great significance to the software optimization of the motion system of the pulse welding machine.

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Chen, Jianbin, Fuqiang Yao, Jiang Zhang, and Zhihu Wei. "An Equal-Area Criterion Based Pulse Encoding Strategy for RF Switch-Mode Power Amplifier." Frequenz 73, no. 1-2 (January 28, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0071.

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Abstract A novel pulse encoding strategy for RF switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) is proposed in this paper to achieve benefits of multi-level delta-sigma modulators (DSM) while alleviating challenges that multi-level DSM brings to SMPA. The pulse encoder consists of a multi-level delta-sigma modulators (DSM) followed by a level transformation module (LTM). Based on the equal-area criterion, LTM directly maps the multi-level DSM pulse train into a binary pulse train which enables a simple system configuration. The feasibility and effectiveness of proposed strategy are verified by numerical simulation and experimental measurement. Results show that, with a similar coding efficiency, the proposed strategy obtains more than 7 dB improvement in average in-band signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to traditional two-level DSM.

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Toma, Emanoil, and Carmen Mihaela Simion. "Improving Electrical Efficiency of Edm Power Supply." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 64, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucts-2014-0016.

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Abstract This paper briefly presents the principal types of Pulse Generators for Electrical Discharge Machining and ways to improve electrical efficiency. A resonant converter with series-parallel LCC circuit, for EDM applications, was analyzed by PSpice simulation. The performances of EDM Power Supply were improved by adding an energy recovering - voltage limiter circuit. The shape of current pulse was changed by adding a supplementary MOSFET Switch in parallel with the gap. Two or more converters can be parallelized, in this way output current can be changed. A bloc-schema was conceived for EDM experimental set up

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Jiang, Qiang. "The Design of 25KV High-Frequency High-Voltage Power Supply." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.927.

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In this paper, a HV and HF switch power supply was designed, which was controlled through a single chip microcomputer, also the MOSFET was used as the switch power tube. The PWM (pulse width modulation) technique and half-bridge inverter topology have been used to invert AC into the DC that can be adjust from 0V~25KV and the operating frequency is 35KHz, Through the simulation with the Saber software and practical use, the feasibility of the scheme and the correctness of the design have been verified.

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Genoud, J., E. L. Claveau, S. K. Jawla, G. Li, J. F. Picard, M. A. Shapiro, and R. J. Temkin. "Generation of nanosecond THz pulses using a high gain ring resonator with a semiconductor switch." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 4 (July 25, 2022): 044101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098718.

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A [Formula: see text] quasi-optical ring resonator consisting of an input coupler and three mirrors has been designed and tested. A low-loss silicon wafer in the ring provides output coupling of the stored power when irradiated by a pulse from a [Formula: see text] laser. The ring created [Formula: see text] output power pulses when excited by a [Formula: see text] continuously operating input source, achieving a power gain of 16. In a fully tuned ring, higher gain is achievable. If the ring was used with a pulsed input source having a pulse length of several times the fill time, the ring could be used as an efficient pulse compressor with similar high gain. The resonator has a wide range of applications, including, at low power, spectroscopy and, at high power, testing of accelerator structures and materials.

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ZOU, XIAOBING, RUI LIU, NAIGONG ZENG, MIN HAN, JIANQIANG YUAN, XINXIN WANG, and GUIXIN ZHANG. "A pulsed power generator for x-pinch experiments." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 4 (October 2006): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606060666.

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A ∼500 kV/400 kA/100 ns pulsed power generator (PPG-I) for x-pinch experiments was designed and constructed at Tsinghua University. It is composed of a Marx generator, a combined pulse forming line (PFL), a gas-filled V/N field distortion switch, a transfer line, and a copper-sulphate resistive load for testing. The PPG-I implements a novel design in lines that four pieces of waterline with impedance 5Ω in parallel constitute a combined PFL with 1.25Ω, and incorporate each other by a common self-break V/N switch on a matched 1.25Ω transfer line. At the peak charging voltage of the PFL, the V/N switch breaks down in multi-channel discharge mode, and electric energy is fed into the testing load through the 1.25Ω transfer line. This article presents the design and test of the PPG-I generator.

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48

HATAMI, MOHSEN, ROYA ATTARZADEH, and ABDOLRASOUL GHARAATI. "DESIGN OF AN ULTRA-FAST ALL-OPTICAL DARK SOLITON SWITCH IN A THREE-CORE NONLINEAR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER (TNLDC) MADE OF CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 21, no. 03 (September 2012): 1250038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863512500385.

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We designed and simulated a three-core nonlinear directional coupler (TNLDC) dark soliton switch. We have optimized the optical properties of chalcogenide glasses such as their high nonlinear refractive index and negative group velocity dispersion and designed a switch having a length of 7 cm and an ultra-fast pulse width of 10 fs with a 100 W power input pulse. The switching characteristic shows that complete switching is possible for different ranges of lengths and pulse widths, and by using the result of the simulation we find a relation between the length and the pulse width with respect to the necessary power for complete dark soliton switching. Also the effect of two photon absorption (2PA) on dark soliton switching was studied and it was shown that 2PA puts some limitations on the switching action but, because of the low value of the 2PA figure of merit for chalcogenide glasses, it did not have any considerable effect on dark soliton switching.

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Ramasamy, Palanisamy, Kalyanasundaram Vakesan, Vijayakumar Govindaraj, Shanmugasundaram Venkatarajan, Saumitra Chattopadhyay, and Vidyasagar Sugavanam. "A novel SVPWM for 3-phase to 5-phase conversion using matrix converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i4.pp2269-2276.

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<span>A novel matrix converter has been developed for 3-phase to 5-phase conversion using a novel space vector pulse width modulation. The matrix converter organized to generate 5-phase AC output voltage from 3-phase input voltage with help of SVPWM method; bidirectional power switches placed in matrix converter controlled by appropriate switching pulse. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) provides better utilization of applied input voltage, improved output voltage, reduced total harmonic distortion. The bidirectional switch used by the matrix converter decreases stress on the power switch and the influence of harmonic fluctuation in AC output voltage. When compared to traditional approaches, the suggested system offers improved output voltage and current control. Using MATLAB/Simulink and FPGA-cyclone controller, respectively, modelling and experimental results have been given to validate the proposed methodology.</span>

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Jakubiuk, Kazimierz, Daniel Kowalak, and Mikołaj Nowak. "The forming and emission of high power electromagnetic pulses." ITM Web of Conferences 19 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181901001.

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An impulse energy source, a power conditioning system and an electromagnetic field emitter are essential to generate an electromagnetic field pulse (EMFP) with a specific frequency bandwidth. Selected simulation results for a power conditioning system consisting of a fuse opening switch and a paraboloidal electromagnetic emitter have been presented in this article. The synthetic system examined in the simulation is powered by an impulse capacitor instead of a flux compression generator (FCG) used in practice. The obtained results confirm that pulse generation and emission of high-power EMFP is possible.

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