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East, Christine Elizabeth. "Fetal intrapartum pulse oximetry /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19387.pdf.
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West, Ian Philip. "Optical fibre based pulse oximetry." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262607.
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de, Kock J. P. "Pulse oximetry : theoretical and experimental models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302928.
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Scott, Valerie Anne. "An investigation into retinal pulse oximetry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306934.
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Azorin-Peris, Vicente. "Opto-physiological modelling of pulse oximetry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22498.
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Since its conception decades ago, pulse oximetry-the non-invasive measurement of arterial blood oxygen saturation in real-time-has proven its worth by achieving and maintaining its rank as a compulsory standard of patient monitoring. However, the use of oversimplified models to describe and implement the technology has limited its applicability and has had its evolution at a near standstill for the past decade. Currently available technology relies on empirical calibrations that consist of the correlation between simultaneous measurements from pulse oximeters and invasively acquired arterial blood samples from test subjects, mainly because the mathematical models underlying the technology are not sufficiently descriptive and accurate. Advances in knowledge of human tissue optical properties, computing power and sensing technology all contribute to a new realm of expansion for pulse oximetry modelling. This research project aims to develop a methodology for improving optophysiological models of pulse oximetry through the use of a validated Monte Carlo simulation platform for optical propagation in arbitrary geometries. The platform aims to arrive at a model that can predict the widest range of empirical outcomes while maintaining the highest possible level of accuracy. To this end, an empirical platform and a corresponding experimental protocol is developed towards an increasingly repeatable standard, thus providing an empirical output for validation of simulated data. Subsequently, the parameters and coefficients of the optophysiological model at the core of the simulation platform are iterated until a high level of correlation is achieved in their outputs. This gives way to a new approach to the opto-physiological modelling of pulse oximetry.
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Forsyth, Jason B. "Wearable Pulse Oximetry in Construction Environments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31668.
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The goal of this project was to determine the feasibility of non-invasively monitoring the blood gases of construction workers for carbon monoxide exposure via pulse oximetry. In particular, this study sought to understand the impact of motion artifacts caused by the worker's activities and to determine if those activities would prevent the blood gas sensor from detecting the onset of carbon monoxide poisoning. This feasibility study was conducted using a blood oxygen sensor rather than a blood carbon monoxide sensor for several reasons. First, blood gas sensors that measure blood carbon monoxide are not readily available in suitable physical form factors. Second, sensors for blood oxygen and blood carbon monoxide operate on the same physical principles and thus will be affected in the same way by worker motions. Finally, using a blood oxygen sensor allowed the study to be conducted without exposing the human subjects to carbon monoxide. A user study was conducted to determine the distribution of motion artifacts that would be created during a typical work day. By comparing that distribution to a worst-case estimate of time to impairment, the probability that helmet will adequately monitor the worker can be established. The results of the study show that the helmet will provide a measurement capable of warning the user of on setting carbon monoxide poisoning with a probability greater than 99%.Master of Science
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Glaros, Konstantinos N. "Low-power pulse oximetry and transimpedance amplifiers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9480.
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This work focuses on the design of low-power fully-integrated pulse oximeter front-ends and transimpedance amplifiers. Mathematical modelling and numerical simulations are employed to systematically quantify the trade-offs involved in the design of such a front-end and investigate the specific challenges arising from the requirements for low- power and full integration. The response speed, stability, power consumption and noise characteristics of the front-end's transimpedance amplifier are identified as significant points of interest. The performance of several transimpedance amplifier topologies is investigated. Topologies based on switched integration of the input are shown to be advantageous and employed in the design of a mixed-signal pulse oximeter front-end which was fabricated in the AMS 0:35 m technology. Extensive electrical and physiological measurements are reported showing that the proposed front-end can achieve LED power consumptions below 400 W and a total power consumption of less than 1 mW with a mean signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 39 dB at the detector. This performance is among the best ever reported and an order of magnitude better than most commercial pulse oximeters. Ways to lower this power consumption even further are identified. This work also reports on a novel self-biased photoreceptor (transimpedance amplifier) topology. A detailed comparison with previous state-of-the-art designs is carried out that provides new, useful insights on the photoreceptors' performance. The proposed design is concluded to be beneficial for applications where extremely low power and fast settling are of high significance.
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Tavakoli, Dastjerdi Maziar 1976. "An analog VLSI front end for pulse oximetry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36184.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-216).
Pulse oximetry is a fast, noninvasive, easy-to-use, and continuous method for monitoring the oxygen saturation of a patient's blood. In modem medical practice, blood oxygen level is considered one of the important vital signs of the body. The pulse oximeter system consists of an optoelectronic sensor that is normally placed on the subject's finger and a signal processing unit that computes the oxygen saturation. It uses red and infrared LEDs to illuminate the subject's finger. We present an advanced logarithmic photoreceptor which takes advantage of techniques such as distributed (cascaded) amplification, automatic loop gain control, and parasitic capacitance unilateralization to improve the performance and ameliorate certain shortcomings of existing logarithmic photoreceptors. These improvements allow us to reduce LED power significantly because of a more sensitive photoreceptor. Furthermore, the exploitation of the logarithmic nonlinearity inherent in transistors eliminates the need of performing some of the mathematical operations which are traditionally done in digital domain to calculate oxygen saturation and allows for a very area-efficient all-analog implementation. The need for an ADC and a DSP is thus completely eliminated.
(cont.) We show that our analog pulse oximeter constructed with red and infrared LEDs and our novel photoreceptor at its front end consumes 4.8mW of power whereas a custom-designed ASIC digital implementation (employing a conventional linear photoreceptor) and the best commercial pulse oximeter are estimated to dissipate 15.7mW and 55mW, respectively. The direct result of such power efficiency is that while the batteries in this commercial oximeter need replacement every 5 days (assuming four "AAA" 1.5V batteries are used), our analog pulse oximeter allows 2 months of operation. Therefore, our oximeter is well suited for portable medical applications such as continuous home-care monitoring for elderly or chronic patients, emergency patient transport, remote soldier monitoring, and wireless medical sensing.
by Maziar Tavakoli Dastjerdi.
Ph.D.
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Cloete, Garth. "Non-invasive artificial pulse oximetry : development & testing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19947.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The monitoring of patients in healthcare is of prime importance to ensure their efficient treatment. The monitoring of blood oxygen saturation in tissues affected by diseases or conditions that may negatively affect the function is a field that has grown in importance in recent times. This study involved the development and testing of a highly sensitive noninvasive blood oxygen saturation device. The device can be used to continuously monitor the condition of tissue affected by diseases which affect the blood flow through the tissue, and the oxygen usage in tissue. The device’s system was designed to specifically monitor occluded tissue which has low oxygen saturations and low perfusion. With the use of the device, it is possible to monitor the status of tissue affected by diseases such as meningococcemia and diabetes mellitus or conditions such as the recovery after plastic surgery. The study delved into all aspects involved in the development of a non-invasive artificial pulse oximeter, including but not limited to that of a detailed device design, signals analysis, animal in-vivo and laboratory in-vitro system design for the calibration of the system as well as human clinical validation and testing procedures. All these aspects were compared to determine the relative accuracies of the different models. Through testing it was shown that it is possible to non-invasively measure the mixed oxygen saturation in occluded tissue. However, without accurate validation techniques and methods of obtaining both arterial and venous blood samples in occluded tissue the system could not be fully validated for determining both the arterial and venous oxygen saturations in the human invivo study. Although the system was unable to accurately measure specifically the venous oxygenation it was able to measure the mixed oxygen saturation. With further research it would be possible to validate the system for measuring both the arterial and venous oxygen saturations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die monitering van pasiënte in gesondheidsorg is van uiterste belang om doeltreffende behandeling te verseker. Die monitering van bloedsuurstofversadiging in weefsels wat geaffekteer word deur siektes of toestande wat ’n negatiewe impak kan hê op die funksie daarvan is ’n gebied wat aansienlike groei getoon het in die onlangse verlede. Die studie het die ontwikkeling en toetsing van ’n hoogs sensitiewe nieindringende bloedsuurstofversadigingsensor ingesluit. Hierdie sensor kan gebruik word om deurentyd die toestand van weefsel te monitor wat geaffekteer word deur siektes wat bloedvloei deur weefsel affekteer sowel as die suurstofgebruik in die weefsel. Die stelsel is ontwerp om spesifiek die ingeslote weefsel wat lae suurstofversadiging en lae perfusie het, te monitor. Deur gebruik te maak van die toestel is dit moontlik om die toestand van die weefsel wat geaffekteer word deur siektes soos meningococcemia en diabetes mellitus of toestande soos die herstel na plastiese sjirurgie te monitor. Die studie het gekyk na alle aspekte wat betrokke is in die ontwikkeling van ’n nie-indringende kunsmatige pols-oksimeter, insluitend maar nie beperk tot gedetailleerde ontwerp nie, sein analise, dier in-vivo en laboratorium in-vitro stelselontwerp vir die kalibrasie van die stelsel sowel as menslike kliniese bekragtiging en toetsprosedures. Al hierdie aspekte is vergelyk om die relatiewe akkuraatheid van die verskillende modelle te bepaal. Die toetse het gewys dat dit moontlik is om nie-indringend die gemengde suurstofversadiging in weefsel te bepaal. Sonder akkurate bekragtigingstegnieke en metodes om beide arteriële en vene bloedmonsters te versamel in ingeslote weefsel kan die stesel nie ten volle bekragtig word om beide arteriële- en veneversadigings in menslike in-vivo studie te bepaal nie. Hoewel die stelsel nie ’n akkurate meting van die aarsuurstof kon kry nie, is daar wel ’n akkurate meting geneem van die gemengde suurstofversadiging. Toekomstige navorsing kan lei tot die bekragtiging van die stelsel om beide arteriële en slagaar suurstofversadigings te meet.
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Dresher, Russell Paul. "Wearable Forehead Pulse Oximetry: Minimization of Motion and Pressure Artifacts." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050306-104212/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: sensor attachment, wearable sensor, pulse oximetry, motion artifact, contact pressure, remote physiological monitoring. Includes bibliographical references (p.54-57).
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Thunholm, Malin. "Pulse Oximetry : Signal Processing in real time on Raspberry Pi." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210234.
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This thesis introduces the reader into RespiHeart, which is a product under development. RespiHeart is an complement/alternative to the regular Pulse Oximeter and is intended to be used within the health care sector for combined measurements and communication on open inexpensive platforms. This thesis evaluates interaction between RespiHeart and a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B to evaluate if the computer is capable of handling the data from RespiHeart and make signal processing. Python is used throughout the whole project and is a suitable language for interaction and signal processing in real time.Detta examensarbete introducerar läsaren till RespiHeart, en ny trådlös produkt som är under utveckling. RespiHeart är ett komplement/alternativ till den nuvarande Pulsoximetern och är tänkt att användas inom sjukvården för analys, kommuniakation och kombinerade mätningar på öppna billiga plattformar. Detta project utvärderar interaktionen mellan RespiHeart och en Raspberry Pi 3 Model B för att undersöka om datorn är kapabel till att hantera datan från RespiHeart samt göra signal processing i real tid. Programmeringsspråket Python användes under hela projektet och är ett lämpligt språk att använda för interation och signal processing i real tid.
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Hassan, Mohammad Ahmad [Verfasser]. "Accuracy of pulse oximetry during neonatal resuscitation / Mohammad Ahmad Hassan." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128728710/34.
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Damianou, Damianos. "The wavelength dependence of the photoplethysmogram and its implication to pulse oximetry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11400/.
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Since the early 1980s the increase in use of pulse oximeters in many clinical situations has been quite remarkable, turning it into one of the most important methods of monitoring in use today. Pulse oximetry essentially uses photoplethysmography to calculate oxygen saturation. Consequently the wavelength dependence of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) is of direct relevance in the performance of pulse oximeters. The experimental results obtained on the wavelength dependence of the AC, DC and AC/DC PPG components for the 450 - 1000nm range are undoubtedly different to the ones predicted by the current simple pulse oximeter model based on the Lambert-Beer law. Moreover, they show unexpected phenomena regarding the magnitude of the above components over the whole range, with distinct differences between the reflection and transmission modes. This is of significance to the technique of pulse oximetry suggesting that perhaps other wavelengths should be considered for use, and that use of both "reflection" and "transmission" probes on the same oximeter may lead to inaccurate readings in one of the modes. A finger model was developed and results from Monte Carlo simulations of photon propagation obtained. The results did not correspond to the experimental results, this is most probably due to either wrong parameters or model. Recent advances in the use of reflection pulse oximeters on fetal monitoring during labour, have raised the question of possible artifacts which may arise due to inadequate probe application in the birth canal. The importance of complete opposition of the reflectance probe was examined on an adult finger. False low oxygen saturation readings were recorded with malpositioned probes. A new probe with modified geometry was designed which offered an improved performance in reducing this artifact and further suggestions were given for its possible elimination. Finally, a proposal for a novel, visible multi-wavelength reflection pulse oximeter is presented with the aim of replacing current pulse oximeters in certain situations where their use is questionable.
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Enoch, Abigail J. "Pulse oximetry in low-income settings : a case study of Kenyan hospitals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:95c3aabf-fc58-4a73-aa6d-33703c36b4fb.
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Pulse oximeters are low-cost, easy to use, and effective at detecting hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels), a common complication of bronchiolitis, asthma, and pneumonia, the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide. However, pulse oximeters are often unavailable in lowincome settings, and if available, often underused, yet little research investigates why. In this thesis, I examine pulse oximeter implementation in low-income settings, focusing on Kenyan hospitals as a case study, and using a mixed-methods approach. I conducted a systematic literature review, examining how pulse oximeter use with children at admission to hospital impacts health outcomes; I then conducted quantitative analyses of 28,000 children admitted to seven Kenyan hospitals to determine with which children pulse oximeters are used, and pulse oximetry's impact on treatment provision; these analyses informed the qualitative research component, for which I conducted interviews with 30 healthcare workers (HCWs) and staff in 14 Kenyan hospitals and employed theoretical frameworks to determine how HCWs decide whether to use pulse oximeters, and the barriers to pulse oximetry. I found that pulse oximeter use varies substantially between and within Kenyan hospitals over time. After adjusting for case-mix and signs of illness severity, HCWs were most likely to use pulse oximeters with children with a very high respiratory rate, indrawing and/or who were not alert; children who obtained a pulse oximeter reading were more likely to be prescribed oxygen than if a pulse oximeter was not used; and children with a reading below 90% were more likely to be prescribed oxygen than those with higher readings, suggesting that HCW decision-making is influenced by international and national guidelines. However, HCWs sometimes cannot use pulse oximeters when they intend to, because of insufficient pulse oximeter availability, largely due to inefficient and confusing procurement processes and repair delays. Furthermore, HCWs sometimes use pulse oximeters incorrectly or misinterpret their results, because of insufficient training. Pulse oximeter promotion programme planners can use the recommendations I provide to effectively target barriers to pulse oximeter uptake in low-income settings. Increased pulse oximetry implementation could enable early detection of hypoxemia, improving accurate diagnosis, and supporting prompt, effective treatment, which could help reduce mortality in children needing oxygen, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 3.
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Chan, Gregory Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Early detection of blood loss using a noninvasive finger photoplethysmographic pulse oximetry waveform." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42593.
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Delayed control of haemorrhage or blood loss has been recognised as a major contributor to preventable trauma deaths, but early detection of internal bleeding is difficult due to unreliability of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) as markers of volume status. This thesis explores a novel method of early blood loss detection using a noninvasive finger photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse oximetry waveform that is normally utilised in pulse oximeters for estimating arterial oxygen saturation. Graded head-up tilt (n = 13) and blood donation (n = 43) in human volunteers were selected as experimental models of mild to moderate blood loss. From the tilt study, a novel method for automatically detecting left ventricular ejection time (LVET) from the finger PPG waveform has been developed and verified by comparison with the LVET measured from aortic flow velocity. PPG waveform derived LVET (LVETp) and pulse transit time (PTT) were strongly correlated with aortic LVET and pre-ejection period respectively (median r = 0.954 and 0.964) and with the decrease in central blood volume indicated by the sine of the tilt angle (median r = -0.985 and 0.938), outperforming R-R interval (RRI) and BP in detecting mild central hypovolaemia. In the blood donation study, progressive blood loss was characterised by falling LVETp and rising PTT (p < 0.01). A new way of identifying haemorrhagic phases by monitoring changes and trends in LVETp, PTT and RRI has been proposed based on the results from the two studies. The utility of frequency spectrum analysis of PPG waveform variability (PPGV) in characterising blood loss has also been examined. A new technique of PPGV analysis by computing the coherence-weighted cross-spectrum has been proposed. It has been shown that the spectral measures of finger PPGV exhibited significant changes (p < 0.01) with blood donation and were mildly correlated with systemic vascular resistance in intensive care unit patients (r from 0.53 to 0.59, p < 0.0001), therefore may be useful for identification of different haemorrhagic phases. In conclusion, this thesis has established finger PPG waveform as a potentially useful noninvasive tool for early detection of blood loss.
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Warren, Kristen Marie. "Multichannel Pulse Oximetry: Effectiveness in Reducing HR and SpO2 error due to Motion Artifacts." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1219.
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Pulse oximetry is used to measure heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) from photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveforms. PPG waveforms are highly sensitive to motion artifact (MA), limiting the implementation of pulse oximetry in mobile physiological monitoring using wearable devices. Previous studies have shown that multichannel pulse oximetry can successfully acquire diverse signal information during simple, repetitive motion, thus leading to differences in motion tolerance across channels. In this study, we introduce a multichannel forehead-mounted pulse oximeter and investigate the performance of this novel sensor under a variety of intense motion artifacts. We have developed a multichannel template-matching algorithm that chooses the channel with the least amount of motion artifact to calculate HR and SpO2 every 2 seconds. We show that for a wide variety of random motion, channels respond differently to motion, and the multichannel estimate outperforms single channel estimates in terms of motion tolerance, signal quality, and HR and SpO2 error. Based on 31 data sets of PPG waveforms corrupted by random motion, the mean relative HR error was decreased by an average of 5.6 bpm when the multichannel-switching algorithm was compared to the worst performing channel. The percentage of HR measurements with absolute errors ≤ 5 bpm during motion increased by an average of 27.8 % when the multichannel-switching algorithm was compared to the worst performing channel. Similarly, the mean relative SpO2 error was decreased by an average of 4.3 % during motion when the multichannel-switching algorithm was compared to each individual channel. The percentage of SpO2 measurements with absolute error ≤ 3 % during motion increased by an average of 40.7 % when the multichannel-switching algorithm was compared to the worst performing channel. Implementation of this multichannel algorithm in a wearable device will decrease dropouts in HR and SpO2 measurements during motion. Additionally, the differences in motion frequency introduced across channels observed in this study shows precedence for future multichannel-based algorithms that make pulse oximetry measurements more robust during a greater variety of intense motion.
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Ndikintum, Nfii Kangong. "A Special Inference Problem in Repeated Measures Design with Applications to Pulse Oximetry." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1177418766.
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Pupin, Melissa Karina. "Comparação dos efeitos da tecnica de aumento do fluxo expiratorio e de tecnicas fisioterapeuticas convencionais em parametros cardiorrespiratorios de lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309154.
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Orientador: Emilio Carlos Elias BaracatDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T15:05:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pupin_MelissaKarina_M.pdf: 1472103 bytes, checksum: f436fa1af6c6cd56ad2ce4e74db10cf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Há controvérsias a respeito da indicação de técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória no tratamento de Bronquiolite Viral Aguda (BVA). As técnicas convencionais de fisioterapia parecem não contribuir na evolução clínica da BVA, enquanto as técnicas atuais ou ¿a fluxo¿, como o aumento do fluxo expiratório (AFE), ainda não foram avaliadas e permanecem como possibilidades terapêuticas. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da AFE e vibração associada à drenagem postural (DP) nos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios de freqüência cardíaca (FC), freqüência respiratória (FR) e saturação transcutânea de oxigênio (SpO2) de lactentes com BVA. Casuística e Métodos: Foram analisados lactentes com BVA, atendidos na Unidade de Emergência Referenciada de Pediatria do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas no período de julho de 2005 a agosto de 2007. Os valores de FC, FR e SpO2 foram registrados em quatro tempos: antes do procedimento (tempo 1), imediatamente após (tempo 2), 30 (tempo 3) e 60 minutos do término do procedimento (tempo 4). Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos de intervenção: grupo A submetido à AFE, grupo B vibração associada à DP, e grupo C (controle). A análise de dados foi feita por Análise de Variância (ANOVA), teste Qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fischer. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 81 lactentes, 48 do gênero masculino e 33 do gênero feminino, média de idade de 4,52 meses e peso médio de 6,56 kg. 81,5% dos lactentes apresentavam-se no primeiro episódio de sibilância e 76,5% não tinham doença associada. Na comparação global entre os grupos e os tempos, a análise das médias da FR apresentou tendência de diferença significante (p = 0,0536) em relação ao grupo controle, com valores menores após o procedimento nos grupos A e B. Não houve diferença significante entre os três grupos na análise das médias da FC e SpO2 (p > 0,05). Conclusão: A aplicação das técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória, AFE e vibração associada à DP, parecem contribuir na diminuição da freqüência respiratória de lactentes com BVA
Abstract: There are controversies over the prescription of respiratory techniques in the treatment of Acute Viral Bronchiolitis (AVB). The conventional techniques don¿t seem to contribute to the clinical evolution of AVB, whereas the techniques of flow, as the increase in expiratory flow (IEF), haven¿t been evaluated yet and remain as therapeutical possibility. Objective: Compare the effects of IEF and the vibration associated to Postural Drainage (PD) in the heart respiratory parameters of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) of infants with AVB. Cause and Methods: Infants with AVB, taken to the Pediatrics Emergency Unit in Campinas State University Clinical Hospital, were analyzed in the period from July 2005 to August 2007. The values of HR, RR and SpO2 were registered four times: before the procedure (time 1), immediately after (time 2), 30 and 60 minutes from the end of procedure (times 3 and 4 respectively). The patients were divided into three intervention groups: group A submitted to IEF, group B to vibration associated to PD, and group C (control). The analysis of data was performed by Variance Analysis (ANOVA), qui quadratic and Fischer¿s exact test. Results: 81 infants were included in the study, 48 males and 33 females, average age of 4.52 years old and average weight of 6.56 kg. 81.5% of the infants presented the first episode of sibilance and 76.5% had no disease associated. In the global comparison between the groups in the four times, the analysis of the HR average presented a significant difference tendency (p = 0.0536) in relation to the control group, with smaller values in A and B groups. There was no significant difference between the three groups in the analysis of RR and SpO2 average (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The application of physiotherapy techniques, IEF and the vibration associated to PD seem to contribute to the decrease of the respiratory rate in infants with AVB
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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Marks, Damian. "Investigation of the feasibility of non-invasive carbon dioxide detection using spectroscopy in the visible spectrum." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6142/.
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Pulse oximeters are used in operating rooms and recovery rooms as a monitoring device for oxygen in the respiratory system of the patient. The advantage of pulse oximeters over other methods of oxygen monitoring is that they are easy to use and they are non-invasive, which means it is not necessary break the skin to extract blood for information to be obtained. The standard for the measurement of partial pressure of CO2 and O2 is an arterial blood gas analysis (ABG). However routine monitoring using this method on a continuous basis is impractical since it is slow, painful and invasive. Measuring carbon dioxide is critical to preventing ailments such as carbon dioxide poisoning or hypoxia. The problem is, currently there is no known effective non-invasive method for accurately measuring carbon dioxide in the body to properly assess the adequacy of ventilation. The objective of this study was to experimentally use spectroscopy in the visible spectrum and the principles of operation of a pulse oximeter to incorporate a method of non-invasive real-time carbon dioxide monitoring that is as quick and easy to use.
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Ramuka, Piyush R. "Real-Time Adaptive Noise Cancellation in Pulse Oximetry: Accuracy, Processing Speed and Program Memory Considerations." Digital WPI, 2009. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/116.
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A wireless, battery operated pulse oximeter system with a forehead mounted optical sensor was designed in our laboratory. This wireless pulse oximeter (WPO) would enable field medics to monitor arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) information accurately following injuries, thereby help to prioritize life saving medical interventions when resources are limited. Pulse oximeters developed for field-based applications must be resistant to motion artifacts since motion artifacts degrade the signal quality of the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals from which measurements are derived. This study was undertaken to investigate if accelerometer-based adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) can be used to reduce SpO2 and HR errors induced by motion artifacts typically encountered during field applications. Preliminary studies conducted offline showed that ANC can minimize SpO2 and HR errors during jogging, running, and staircase climbing. An 8th order LMS filter with ì = 0.01 was successfully implemented in the WPO's embedded microcontroller. After real-time adaptive filtering of motion corrupted PPG signals, errors for HR values ranging between 60 - 180BPM were reduced from 12BPM to 6BPM. Similarly, ambient breathing SpO2 errors were reduced from 5% to 2%.
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Deschamps, Marie-Lys, Penelope Sanderson, Kelly Hinckfuss, Caitlin Browning, Robert G. Loeb, Helen Liley, and David Liu. "Improving the detectability of oxygen saturation level targets for preterm neonates: A laboratory test of tremolo and beacon sonifications." ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617179.
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Recent guidelines recommend oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) levels of 90%-95% for preterm neonates on supplemental oxygen but it is difficult to discern such levels with current pulse oximetry sonifications. We tested (1) whether adding levels of tremolo to a conventional log-linear pulse oximetry sonification would improve identification of SpO(2) ranges, and (2) whether adding a beacon reference tone to conventional pulse oximetry confuses listeners about the direction of change. Participants using the Tremolo (94%) or Beacon (81%) sonifications identified SpO(2) range significantly more accurately than participants using the LogLinear sonification (52%). The Beaton sonification did not confuse participants about direction of change. The Tremolo sonification may have advantages over the Beacon sonification for monitoring SpO(2) of preterm neonates, but both must be further tested with clinicians in clinically representative scenarios, and with different levels of ambient noise and distractions. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Abrão, Carmen Vianna. ""A oximetria de pulso como recurso auxiliar na determinação da vitalidade pulpar de dentes permanentes traumatizados"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23145/tde-20092006-092828/.
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A verificação da vitalidade pulpar depende de recursos semiotécnicos específicos, e, entre eles, os mais comumente empregados são os testes térmicos e elétrico. Tais testes apresentam limitações clínicas que interferem na análise e interpretação dos dados obtidos pelos mesmos. Os testes de sensibilidade são estímulos de origem térmica, elétrica ou mecânica aplicáveis ao dente e que são transmitidos às fibras nervosas sensitivas pulpares. Portanto, não leva em consideração a atividade circulatória do tecido pulpar e as condições de oxigenação, que são os reais indicadores da vitalidade do tecido. Nos casos de traumatismos dentários, por diversos fatores, a resposta pulpar se torna ainda mais difícil de obter. Assim, faz-se necessário avaliar o comportamento fisiológico pulpar através de testes denominados fisiométricos, destacando-se nesta área a oximetria de pulso, que é um método não invasivo e objetivo para determinação da saturação de oxigênio e taxa de pulso de um determinado tecido. Este estudo procurou estabelecer parâmetros para a utilização do oxímetro de pulso como teste de vitalidade pulpar, avaliando, comparativamente, os níveis de saturação de oxigênio obtidos do dedo indicador, de dentes controle positivo e de dentes permanentes traumatizados dos mesmos pacientes. Os dentes traumatizados apresentavam resposta negativa ao teste de sensibilidade pulpar com gás refrigerante e ausência de outro sinal ou sintoma indicativo de necrose pulpar. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante comparando-se as taxas de oxigenação dos dentes traumatizados nos três tempos (inicial, 30 e 60 dias) e que houve correlação entre as taxas de oxigenação do dedo indicador e dos dentes traumatizados e entre os dentes controle e os dentes traumatizados. Comparando-se as leituras obtidas neste estudo pode-se afirmar que taxas de oxigenação obtidas nos dentes traumatizados são confiáveis, permitindo ainda um monitoramento da condição pulpar ao longo do tempo.The evaluation of pulp vitality depends on diagnosis methods. The most widely used are thermal and electric stimulation. However, thermal and electric testing has limitations in providing accurate diagnosis. These tests are subjective and depend upon perceived response of the patient to a stimulus, as well as the interpretation of that response by the dentist. The limitations with present pulp testing methods are that they only indirectly monitor pulp vitality by measuring neural responses and not circulation. For traumatized teeth, the pulp can be affected in a variety of ways as a function of the severity of the injury therefore, that teeth may not respond to vitality test and establishing an accurate and expedient diagnosis is even more complicated. Pulse oximetry is a completely objective test, requiring no sub jective response from the patient and directly measures the blood oxygen levels. This present study purpose was to evaluate the efficiency of pulse oximetry for testing pulp vitality by establishing correlation parameters between blood oxygen levels from the patients index finger, positive control teeth and traumatized permanent teeth which do not respond positively to thermal test with refrigerant spray and do not show any other sign or symptom of mortification. The results showed that there was no statistical significance between blood oxygen levels from traumatized teeth at the three different measure times (initial, 30 and 60 days) and there was a correlation between blood oxygen levels from index finger and the traumatized teeth and control teeth and traumatized teeth.
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Araújo, Jerônimo Gonçalves de. "Oximetria transcutânea na síndrome torácica aguda em pacientes com anemia falciforme." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2007. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3720.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorSearching to trace the clinical profile, epidemiologist, evolution and laboratorial of the internments of patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD); to identify factors that can be related with the sprouting and evolution of Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS), as well as; to evaluate if the average saturation of oxygen through the oximetry of pulse is diagnosis or prognostic of ACS; a study of coorte with 168 carrying patients was carried through of SCD. During all the year of 2006, 168 patients with SCD had been studied, had predominance of the males (51.8%) and of the age band between 5 and 15 years (53.3%), 81 (48.2%) patient ones had suffered at least a hospital internment, 34 (41.9%) had diagnosis of ACS in at least an internment and 47 (58.1%) had other causes internment as intense painful and anemia crisis. When we compare the ambulatorial accompaniment of the patients who had interned with of that they had not interned in 2006, perceive that the splenomegaly presence was more common between the patients whom they had interned (27.3%), with significance statistics (p = 0, 0006). The average saturation of oxygen through the oximetry of pulse also was significantly different (p = 0, 0092) between the two groups, a time that the patients who had suffered internment had gotten one better performance (95.6%) against 94,1 % of the patients who had not interned in 2006. When analyzing the variable hemoglobin and white cell count, we do not find differences significant. In relation to the patients with ACS, the fever complaint was more prevalent (70.6%), whereas the pain complaint more was related by the patients with other causes of internment (93.3%). With regard to the age band, it enters the older than 15 years, we notice minors indices (6.1%) of internment for ACS (p= 0, 04). It did not have significant difference with regard to the hemoglobin and the saturation of oxygen through the oximetry of pulse when compared the out results with the ones of the hospital admission. The total white globule counting was significantly superior in the occasion of the internment (p=0,001). One concludes that the average saturation of oxygen by pulse oximetry was not capable to identify the patients who would come to be interned with ACS.
Buscando traçar o perfil clínico, epidemiológico, evolutivo e laboratorial das internações de pacientes com Anemia Falciforme (AF); identificar fatores que possam estar relacionados com surgimento e evolução de Síndrome Torácica Aguda (STA), bem como; avaliar se a saturação média de oxigênio através da oximetria de pulso é diagnóstica ou prognóstica em relação a STA; foi realizado um estudo de coorte com 168 pacientes portadores de AF. Houve predomínio do gênero masculino (51,8%) e da faixa etária entre 5 e 15 anos (53,3%), 81(48,2%) pacientes sofreram pelo menos uma internação hospitalar, 34 (41,9%) tiveram diagnóstico de STA em pelo menos uma internação e 47 (58,1%) tiveram outras causas internação como crise dolorosa e anemia intensa. Quando comparamos o acompanhamento ambulatorial dos pacientes que internaram com o dos que não internaram em 2006, percebemos que a presença de esplenomegalia foi mais comum entre os pacientes que internaram (27,3%), com significância estatística (p = 0,0006). A saturação média de oxigênio através da oximetria de pulso também foi significativamente diferente (p = 0,0092) entre os dois grupos, uma vez que os pacientes que sofreram internação obtiveram um melhor desempenho (95,6%) contra 94,1% dos pacientes que não internaram em 2006. Ao analisarmos as variáveis hemoglobina e leucometria, não encontramos diferença estatisticamente significativa. Em relação aos pacientes com STA, a queixa de febre foi mais prevalente (70,6%), enquanto que a queixa de dor foi mais referida pelos pacientes com outras causas de internação (93,3%). Com relação à faixa etária, entre os maiores de 15 anos, notamos menores índices (6,1%) de internação por STA (p= 0,04). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante com relação à hemoglobina e a saturação de oxigênio através da oximetria de pulso quando comparados os resultados ambulatoriais com os da admissão hospitalar. A contagem total de glóbulos brancos foi significativamente superior na ocasião da internação (p=0,001). Conclui-se que a saturação transcutânea média de oxigênio não foi capaz de identificar os pacientes que viriam a ser internados com STA.
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Schondelmeyer, Amanda C. M. D. "The Frequency of Physiologic Monitor Alarms in a Children’s Hospital." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428064830.
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Elam, Charles R. IV. "Predicting Arterial Oxygen Desaturation Events Via Patient Journal and Pulse Oximetry Data in Postoperative Ambulatory Surgery Patients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5649.
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Associations between patient and procedural factors on the nature and quality of the immediate in-home recovery from anesthesia following ambulatory orthopedic surgery are unknown. Further, there is a paucity of outcomes research quantitatively categorizing in-home
patient recovery and safety following discharge from same-day orthopedic procedures. Tools are available, however, to shed light on outcomes in this population, and integration of such available measures is critical.
Ambulatory orthopedic surgery is a burgeoning specialty, with growth expected over the foreseeable future. The expected increased patient caseload subsequent to implementation of the Affordable Care Act and aging Baby Boom generation suggests greater morbidity and mortality is on the horizon unless aggressive measures are taken at mitigating risk. Similarly, as the obesity epidemic expands, obesity-related comorbid conditions including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are likely to grow.
The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between ambulatory orthopedic patient-reported activities (quality of life metrics) and diagnostic factors (physical and perioperative care data) in the immediate postoperative period that are predictive of arterial oxygen desaturation. Data was obtained using a novel patient journal exploring sleep, pain, nausea, tobacco use, alcohol use, and appetite in conjunction with a valid and reliable portable, wrist-worn pulse oximeter. Additional assessment data was taken from the preanesthetic assessment. All participants were scored according to the STOP-Bang questionnaire, an accepted survey of OSA risk.
Patients were recruited from a busy metropolitan ambulatory surgery center in Richmond, Virginia that sees approximately 500 cases monthly, and a 309-bed tertiary care hospital in West Burlington, Iowa. The target sample included 52 individual patients with data collected over the first two post-operative nights following discharge. Two patients were excluded.
Negative binomial regression, log10 transformation, and least-squares regression examined the relationships the STOP-Bang questionnaire, quality of life data, and physical perioperative data had on postoperative desaturation events. Results suggested the STOP-Bang score predicted desaturation events and that age and BMI were significant individual predictors. Opiate pain medication treatment, a happy mood, and home CPAP use were associated with decreased events.
This study provided a unique perspective in patient safety research, relating human behaviors and experiences with postoperative oxygen desaturation. Future research projects aligned with postoperative monitoring, pulse oximetry, patient safety, and obstructive sleep apnea are potential following the findings of this study.
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Kataoka, Simony Hidee Hamoy. "A oximetria de pulso como recurso na determinação da vitalidade pulpar em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia para tumores malignos intraorais e de orofaringe." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23145/tde-18082010-121032/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de oxigenação (%SpO2) do tecido pulpar em pacientes com tumores malignos intraoral e de orofaringe, tratados através de radioterapia (RT). As mensurações da %SpO2 foram realizadas com o oxímetro de pulso (OP), o qual gera valores relativos à quantidade de oxigênio viável circulante no tecido pulpar, o que o caracteriza como um método fisiométrico de avaliação do status da polpa dental. Foram selecionados 20 pacientes, sendo avaliados dois dentes de cada um (n=40), independente do quadrante e da área de irradiação, em quatro tempos distintos: I- antes da RT; II- no início da RT com dose de radiação entre (30Gy 35Gy); III- ao final da RT (60Gy 70Gy) e IV- depois de 4 5 meses do início do tratamento oncológico. As médias obtidas nos quatro tempos avaliados foram de 93%, 83%, 77% e 85% de SpO2, respectivamente. Através do teste t de Student (p0.01) foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o Tempo I e todos os outros três tempos, o Tempo III também mostrou diferença quando comparado ao Tempo II e, não houve diferença estatística entre os Tempos II e IV. É possível concluir que as taxas de %SpO2 antes da RT são maiores do que aquelas obtidas trans e pós RT e, como os valores no Tempo IV ficam próximos aos obtidos no Tempo II, pode haver uma recondutibilidade sanguínea normal posterior a radiação ionizante.The aim of this study was to evaluate pulp oxygenation level (%SpO2) in patients with malignant intraoral and oropharyngeal tumors treated by radiotherapy (RT). Pulp oxygenation level was measured by pulse oximetry, which shows the amount of oxygen circulating in viable pulp tissue and is a physiometric method for assessment of dental pulp status. Twenty patients were selected and two teeth of each of them (n = 40) were analyzed, regardless of the quadrant and the area irradiated, at four different times: I- before RT; IIat the beginning of RT with radiation doses between 30Gy 35Gy; III- at the end of RT (60Gy 70Gy) and IV- after 4-5 months of the beginning of the cancer treatment. Mean %SpO2 in the different times was 93%, 83%, 77% and 85%, respectively. Students t test (p0.01) showed statistically significant differences between Time I and the other three times. Time III was also different when compared to Time II, and there was no statistical difference between Times II and IV. It was concluded that %SpO2 before RT was greater than that observed during and after therapy and, as values obtained in Time IV were close to those of Time II, pulp tissue may show normal blood flow after radiation therapy.
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Schoevers, Jacobus Engelbertus. "Low blood oxygen saturation quantification in human arterial and venous circulation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21460.
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Thesis (MScIng)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Conventional pulse oximetry has limited accuracy in measuring blood oxygen saturation in low saturation and perfusion scenarios. This limits the application of pulse oximetry in patients su ering from peripheral vascular a ictions. A novel pulse oximetry system is presented in this study which proposes solutions to these low saturation and perfusion issues. The presented system was designed to overcome the low perfusion issues by inducing an arti cial pulse in the detected photoplethysmograph. A novel arterio-venous hypothesis was formulated to extract arterial and venous saturation data from this arti cial photoplethysmograph using arterial-to-venous compliance ratios. Sensor wavelengths were selected to provide high and low saturation accuracy, followed by an in vitro sensor calibration procedure. System performance was validated by means of in vivo human studies. In vivo results indicate good accuracy for high saturation, with limited accuracy in low saturation scenarios. The arterio-venous hypothesis was validated, indicating that venous saturation information can be extracted from the arti cial PPG. Although inconclusive, results indicate that the proposed system might be able to accurately monitor arterial and venous saturation in severe hypoperfusion scenarios with recommended hardware and calibration modi cations. It is recommended that further studies into the presented system's performance are conducted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Konvensionele 'pulse oximetry' sisteme het beperkte akkuraatheid tydens die meting van bloed suurstof saturasie in lae saturasie en perfusie gevalle. Dit beperk die bruikbaarheid van 'pulse oximetry' in pasiënte wat ly aan perifere vaskulêre siektes. 'n Nuwe 'pulse oximetry' sisteem, wat oplossings vir hierdie lae saturasie en perfusie beperkings voorstel, word in hierdie studie aangebied. Die voorgestelde sisteem is ontwerp om die lae perfusie beperkings te oorkom deur 'n kunsmatige polsslag in die 'photoplethysmograph' te induseer. 'n Nuwe arterio-veneuse hipotese is geformuleer om arteriële en veneuse saturasie inligting uit hierdie kunsmatige polsslag te onttrek deur middel van 'n arteriële-teenoor-veneuse styfheids verhouding. Die gol engtes wat gebruik is in die sensors, is spesi ek gekies om hoë en lae saturasie akkuraatheid te verskaf. 'n In vitro kalibrasie prosedure is gevolg om die sensors vir hoë en lae saturasie te kalibreer, waarna die werkverrigting van die sisteem getoets is deur middel van 'n in vivo validasie prosedure. Die in vivo resultate toon goeie akkuraatheid vir hoë saturasie, met beperkte akkuraatheid vir lae saturasie. Die arterio-veneuse hipotese is gevalideer, wat aandui dat veneuse saturasie wel uit die kunsmatige 'photoplethysmograph' onttrek kan word. Alhoewel die resultate wat in hierdie studie aangebied word nie omvattend of beslissend is nie, dui dit egter aan dat die voorgestelde sisteem dalk in staat kan wees om arteriële en veneuse saturasie in uiters lae perfusie gevalle te meet. Verbeteringe sal egter aan die sisteem aangebring moet word in terme van hardeware en kalibrasie, om 'n meer gestandardiseerde metings metode te verseker. Verdere navorsing oor die werkverrigting van die voorgestelde sisteem word ook voorgestel.
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Comtois, Gary W. "Implementation of Accelerometer-Based Adaptive Noise Cancellation in a Wireless Wearable Pulse Oximeter Platform for Remote Physiological Monitoring and Triage." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1005.
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"A wireless wearable battery-operated pulse oximeter has been developed in our laboratory for field triage applications. The wearable pulse oximeter, which uses a forehead-mounted sensor to provide arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) information, would enable field medics to monitor vital physiological information following critical injuries, thereby helping to prioritize life saving medical interventions. This study was undertaken to investigate if accelerometry (ACC)-based adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) is effective in minimizing SpO2 and HR errors induced during jogging to simulate certain motion artifacts expected to occur in the field. Preliminary tests confirmed that processing the motion corrupted photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals by simple Least-Mean-Square (LMS) and Recursive Least-Squares (RLS) ANC algorithms can help to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of motion-corrupted PPG signals, thereby reducing SpO2 and HR errors during jogging. The study showed also that the degree of improvement depends on filter order. In addition, we found that it would be more feasible to implement an LMS adaptive filter within an embedded microcontroller environment since the LMS algorithm requires significantly less operations."
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Edström, Linnéa. "Armbandsbaserad pulsoximetri : Ett egenkonstruerat system med reflekterande teknik och jämförelse mot traditionell mätteknik vid normal och nedsatt hudtemperatur." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123293.
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I rapporten presenteras en lågkostnads, portabel och bärbar design av ett nytt system med reflekterande teknik för pulsoximetri. Arbetet har utförts som ett projekt, inkluderande elektronikkonstruktion, mjukvaruutveckling, design av inkapsling för prototypen samt fortlöpande tester av både hård- och mjukvara under arbetets gång. Resultatet av arbetet är ett egenkonstruerat system för pulsoximetri. Med hjälp av bluetooth-teknik kan systemet kommunicera trådlöst med en PC, laptop eller mobiltelefon som stöder bluetooth 4.0. Mätvärden visas i realtid på PC/laptop/mobiltelefon. Programvaran är skriven i mbed med programspråket C++ för mikroprocessorn. Projektet kräver olika tekniska färdigheter såsom signalbehandling, programmering, kretskortskonstruktion och mikroprocessorer. Totalt sett är projektet en bra introduktion till medicintekniska enheter och en grund för elektronikingenjörer. Syftet och målet med examensarbetet har till större delen uppnåtts och vidare tester samt utveckling av produkten är möjlig.In this report a low-cost, portable and wearable design of a new system with reflective technologyfor pulse oximetry is presented. The work has been executed as a project, including electronics construction, software development, a design of the embedding for the prototype and continuous tests of both the hardware and software during the work in progress. The result of this work is a prototype system for pulse oximetry. The system can communicate through Bluetooth wireless interface with a PC, laptop or smartphone which supports Bluetooth 4.0. The measurements are shown in real time on a PC/laptop/smartphone. The software is written in mbed with the language C++ for the microprocessor. The project demands different technical skills like signal processing, programming, electronic design and microprocessors. Over all the project is a good introduction for medical technology and a basis for electronic engineers. The purpose and goal with the thesis is considered to be reached for the most part and further testing and development of the product is possible.
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Johnston, William S. "Development of a signal processing library for extraction of SpO2, HR, HRV, and RR from photoplethysmographic waveforms." Worcester, Mass. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-073106-130906/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: wearable medical sensors; arterial oxygen saturation; software development; embedded systems; heart rate; respiration rate; heart rate variability; pulse oximetry; digital signal processing Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-133).
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Subramanian, Hariharan. "Real time perfusion and oxygenation monitoring in an implantable optical sensor." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3261.
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Simultaneous blood perfusion and oxygenation monitoring is crucial for patients undergoing a transplant procedure. This becomes of great importance during the surgical recovery period of a transplant procedure when uncorrected loss of perfusion or reduction in oxygen saturation can result in patient death. Pulse oximeters are standard monitoring devices which are used to obtain the perfusion level and oxygen saturation using the optical absorption properties of hemoglobin. However, in cases of varying perfusion due to hemorrhage, blood clot or acute blockage, the oxygenation results obtained from traditional pulse oximeters are erroneous due to a sudden drop in signal strength. The long term goal of the project is to devise an implantable optical sensor which is able to perform better than the traditional pulse oximeters with changing perfusion and function as a local warning for sudden blood perfusion and oxygenation loss.
In this work, an optical sensor based on a pulse oximeter with an additional source at 810nm wavelength has been developed for in situ monitoring of transplant organs. An algorithm has been designed to separate perfusion and oxygenation signals from the composite signal obtained from the three source pulse oximetry-based sensor. The algorithm uses 810nm reference signals and an adaptive filtering routine to separate the two signals which occur at the same frequency. The algorithm is initially applied to model data and its effectiveness is further tested using in vitro and in vivo data sets to quantify its ability to separate the signals of interest. The entire process is done in real time in conjunction with the autocorrelation-based time domain technique. This time domain technique uses digital filtering and autocorrelation to extract peak height information and generate an amplitude measurement and has shown to perform better than the traditional fast Fourier transform (FFT) for semi-periodic signals, such as those derived from heart monitoring. In particular, in this paper it is shown that the two approaches produce comparable results for periodic in vitro perfusion signals. However, when used on semi periodic, simulated, perfusion signals and in vivo data generated from an optical perfusion sensor the autocorrelation approach clearly (Standard Error, SE = 0.03) outperforms the FFT-based analysis (Standard Error, SE = 0.62).
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Ren, Xiaoran. "A Wearable Fitness Device System for Multiple Biological Information Data Acquisition for Physically Active Persons." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505209479365329.
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Askie, Lisa Maree. "A randomised controlled trial of oxygen therapy on growth and development of preterm infants." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/599.
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Background: Physiological studies have shown that many preterm infants and infants with chronic lung disease may suffer chronic hypoxaemia, which possibly leads to poor growth and development. Anecdotal reports indicate that there is a drive to increase the oxygen saturation target range to a higher level in these infants due primarily to perceived benefits derived from clinical experience and from uncontrolled observational studies of babies discharged on home oxygen. Objective The BOOST (Benefits Of Oxygen Saturation Targeting) trial is the first randomised trial to assess the long-term benefits and harms of two different oxygen saturation target ranges. Methods: BOOST was a multicentre, double blinded, randomised controlled trial that enrolled 358 infants born at less than 30 weeks� gestation who remained oxygen-dependent at 32 weeks postmenstrual age. They were randomly assigned to target either a functional oxygen saturation range of 91-94% (standard or control group) or 95-98% (higher or treatment group). The primary outcomes were growth and neurodevelopmental measures at 12 months corrected age. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, retinopathy of prematurity, health service utilisation, parental stress, and infant temperament. Results: Prognostic baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Mean birth weight and gestational age of enrolled infants was 917g and 26.5 weeks respectively. The rate of antenatal corticosteroid use was 83%.
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Askie, Lisa Maree. "A randomised controlled trial of oxygen therapy on growth and development of preterm infants." University of Sydney. Public Health, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/599.
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Background: Physiological studies have shown that many preterm infants and infants with chronic lung disease may suffer chronic hypoxaemia, which possibly leads to poor growth and development. Anecdotal reports indicate that there is a drive to increase the oxygen saturation target range to a higher level in these infants due primarily to perceived benefits derived from clinical experience and from uncontrolled observational studies of babies discharged on home oxygen. Objective The BOOST (Benefits Of Oxygen Saturation Targeting) trial is the first randomised trial to assess the long-term benefits and harms of two different oxygen saturation target ranges. Methods: BOOST was a multicentre, double blinded, randomised controlled trial that enrolled 358 infants born at less than 30 weeks� gestation who remained oxygen-dependent at 32 weeks postmenstrual age. They were randomly assigned to target either a functional oxygen saturation range of 91-94% (standard or control group) or 95-98% (higher or treatment group). The primary outcomes were growth and neurodevelopmental measures at 12 months corrected age. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, retinopathy of prematurity, health service utilisation, parental stress, and infant temperament. Results: Prognostic baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Mean birth weight and gestational age of enrolled infants was 917g and 26.5 weeks respectively. The rate of antenatal corticosteroid use was 83%.
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Pujary, Chirag Jayakar. "Investigation of Photodetector Optimization in Reducing Power Consumption by a Noninvasive Pulse Oximeter Sensor." Digital WPI, 2004. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/108.
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Noninvasive pulse oximetry represents an area of potential interest to the army, because it could provide cost-effective, safe, fast and real-time physiological assessment in a combat injured soldier. Consequently, there is a need to develop a reliable, battery-powered, wearable pulse oximeter to acquire and process photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals using an optimized sensor configuration. A key requirement in the optimal design of a wearable wireless pulse oximeter is low power management without compromising signal quality. This research investigated the advantage gained by increasing the area of the photodetector and decreasing the light emitting diode (LED) driving currents to reduce the overall power requirement of a reflectance mode pulse oximeter sensor. In vitro and preliminary in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate a multiple photodetector reflectance sensor setup to simulate a varying detection area. It was concluded that a reflection pulse oximeter sensor employing a large area photodetector is preferred over a similar transmission type sensor for extending the battery life of a wireless pulse oximeter intended for future telemedicine applications.
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Helldén, Josefin, and Ellinor Sjölund. "Screening av dysfagi på äldreboenden i Linköpings kommun." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18808.
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Changes in swallowing function are common in elderly and chronically ill individuals. Therefore it is important to be aware of these changes and their prevalence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dysphagia in nursing homes in the municipality of Linköping, and to correlate dysphagia with variables that can be a cause or a consequence of dysphagia. These variables were gender, age, MMT-result, dentition, weight loss, medical diagnose or number of medications. The intention was also to examine the additional information regarding dysphagia supplied by pulse oximetry.
Sixty nursing home residents aged 74-101 years were chosen to participate in the study. The individual's ability to participate was based on their result on Mini-mental state and subjective judgements made by staff members and the authors. The material to assess oral motor and sensory function was the Nordic Orofacial Test - Screening. During the clinical swallowing examination the Standardised Swallowing Assessment (SSA) and pulse oximetry were used. In addition, data regarding the participants' medical diagnoses, number of medications and possible weight loss was collected.
The result showed that the prevalence of dysphagia and suspected dysphagia was 40 %. Oral dysphagia was present in 20 participants and pharyngeal dysphagia in seven participants. With pulse oximetry one participant with dysphagia and two with suspected dysphagia were identified in addition to those identified by SSA. Analysis of the assessed variables showed no correlations or any significant results.
Förändringar av sväljförmågan är vanligt hos äldre och kroniskt sjuka individer. Det är viktigt att vara medveten om dessa förändringar och hur vanligt förekommande det är med nedsatt sväljförmåga. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka förekomsten av dysfagi på äldreboenden i Linköpings kommun samt att korrelera dysfagi med parametrar som kan vara orsak till eller konsekvens av dysfagi. Dessa parametrar var kön, ålder, MMT-resultat, tandstatus, viktnedgång, sjukdomsdiagnos och antal läkemedel. Ett delsyfte i studien var att undersöka om man med hjälp av pulsoximetri kan upptäcka fler fall av dysfagi.
Sextio vårdtagare på äldreboenden, i åldern 74-101 år, valdes ut att delta i studien. Urvalet baserades på resultat på Mini-Mental Test samt personalens och testledarnas subjektiva bedömning om vårdtagarens möjlighet att delta. Materialet som användes för att bedöma oral motorik och sensorik var Nordiskt Orofacialt Test – Screening. Vid den kliniska sväljningsbedömningen användes Standardised Swallowing Assessment (SSA) och pulsoximetri. Utöver detta inhämtades uppgifter för samtliga deltagare om sjukdomsdiagnos, antal stående läkemedel samt eventuell viktnedgång.
Resultatet visade att förekomsten av dysfagi och misstänkt dysfagi var 40 %. Oral dysfagi förekom hos 20 deltagare och faryngeal dysfagi hos sju deltagare. Pulsoximetern identifierade en deltagare med dysfagi och två med misstänkt dysfagi utöver dem som identifierats med hjälp av SSA. Korrelations- och signifikansberäkningar av de undersökta parametrarna visade inga signifikanta resultat.
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Sankman, Joseph, Brian Bailey, Brian Ebel, Scott Galvin, Jack Grantham, Scott Little, Erica Morey, and Christopher Stemple. "Development of a Remote Pulse Oximeter." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146648.
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Pulse oximetry is widely maintained as the standard method for measuring a person?s blood oxygen saturation. Monitoring such a vital sign allows for detecting the onset and progression of various diseases and conditions that could result in tissue and organ damage or death due to lack of required oxygen delivery. The goal of this project was to design a pulse oximeter geared toward consumer use that could wirelessly transmit data to a portable device, such as a smartphone, for convenient, remote monitoring of oxygen saturation. This report describes the design process for developing a working prototype of the pulse oximeter. Texas Instruments sponsored this project for the Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program at the University of Arizona. Their goal in funding this project was to develop an intimate knowledge base of the considerations, components, and overall design of a pulse oximeter in order to better assist their customers. The creation of the pulse oximeter reference design was inspired by thorough research on the scientific principles underlying pulse oximetry as well as existing pulse oximeter technologies. From the information collected, the team developed three potential designs for the device. Analysis of each design was conducted to distinguish the one design that would be further developed and fabricated into the working reference design required by the project sponsor. Results obtained by testing the final prototype, discussion of future directions for the reference design, and conclusions drawn from the completion of the project are also presented in this report.
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Morey, Erica Katherine, Brian Bailey, Brian Ebel, Scott Galvin, Jack Grantham, Scott Little, Joseph Sankman, and Christopher Stemple. "Development of a Remote Pulse Oximeter." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/156896.
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Pulse oximetry is widely maintained as the standard method for measuring a person's blodd oxygen saturation. Monitoring such a vital sign allows for detecting the onset and progression of various diseases and conditions that could result in tissue and organ damage or death due to lack of required oxygen delivery. The goal of this project was to design a pulse oximeter geared toward consumer use that could wirelessly transmit data to a portable device, such as a smartphone, for convenient, remote monitoring of oxygen saturation. This report describes the design process for developing a working prototype of the pulse oximeter. Texas Instruments sponsored this project for the Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program at the University of Arizona. Their goal in funding this project was to develop an intimate knowledge base of the considerations, components, and overall design of a pulse oximeter in order to better assist their customers. The creation of the pulse oximeter reference design was inspired by thorough research on the scientific principles underlying pulse oximetry as well as existing pulse oximeter technologies. From the information collected, the team developed three potential designs for the device. Analysis of each design was conducted to distinguish the one design that would be further developed and fabricated into the working reference design required by the project sponsor. Results obtained by testing the final prototype, discussion of future directions for the reference design, and conclusions drawn from the completion of the project are also presented in this report.
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Serpa, Giulliano Caixeta. "Oximetria de pulso na determinação da saturação de oxigênio de pré-molares em diferentes faixas etárias." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7268.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the level of oxygen saturation in normal pulps of premolars maxilary in different age groups. Methodology: 120 premolars were selected in normal conditions and pulp divided by age of 24 teeth each: 20-24 years; 25-29 years; 30-34 years; 35-39 years; 40 to 44 years. the level of oxygen saturation of these teeth was determined by pulse oximetry. The ANOVA was used to check for differences between these age groups in the level of oxygen saturation and the Tukey test to identify which differed from each other. Results: The mean oxygen saturation encompassing all age groups was 86,2%, already for each separately it was found that: 20-24 years (89,71%), 25-29 years (87,67%) 30 to 34 years (88,71%), 35-39 years (84,80%), 40-44 years (80,00%), with the latter being statistically significant reduced level of others. Conclusion: The oxygen saturation level in normal pulps premolars averaged 86.2%, a significant reduction from 40 to 44 years.
Objetivo: Estabelecer o nível de saturação de oxigênio em polpas normais de pré-molares em diferentes faixas etárias. Material e Método: Foram selecionados 120 pré-molares superiores humanos em condições pulpares de normalidade e divididos por faixa etária (n=24): 20 a 24 anos; 25 a 29 anos; 30 a 34 anos; 35 a 39 anos; 40 a 44 anos. O nível de saturação dos dentes foram avaliados por um oximetro de pulso. A análise de variância ANOVA foi utilizada para verificar a existência de diferença entre as faixas etárias em relação ao nível de saturação de oxigênio, e o teste de Tukey para identificar quais diferiam entre si. Resultados: A média de saturação de oxigênio em todas as faixas etárias foi de 86,2%. A análise dos valores obtidos em cada faixa sugere que na última faixa etária verificou-se um nível reduzido, significante em relação as demais [(20 a 24 anos (89,71%); 25 a 29 anos (87,67%); 30 a 34 anos (88,71%); 35 a 39 anos (84,80%); 40 a 44 anos (80,00%)]. Conclusão: O nível de saturação de oxigênio em polpas normais de pré-molares apresentou uma média de 86,2%, com redução significante entre 40 a 44 anos.
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Kayani, Badar Jahangir. "DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS MONITORING PULSE OXIMETER DEVICE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1619622233546762.
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Cabanelas, Miguel Gonçalo Heitor. "Oximetria de pulso na urgência." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/756.
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Introdução
A oximetria de pulso sendo um método simples, fiável e não invasivo é de extrema utilidade para avaliar a função respiratória em monitorização contínua de um doente. É nesse sentido que se considerou importante estudar a relação global da SaO2 de admissão na UG do CHCB com a mortalidade desses doentes, quer na UG quer no internamento hospitalar, e se essa primeira SaO2 aferida é relevante para se hospitalizar o doente e para a duração desse mesmo internamento.
Metodologia
O estudo, transversal analítico, teve como população os utentes do CHCB, sendo a amostra composta pelo utentes que tiveram uma medição de SaO2 por oximetria de pulso na UG, desde 1 de Janeiro a 31 de Março de 2010.
Foram consideradas as variáveis universais “Idade” e “Sexo”, e as restantes em estudo foram a “SaO2” obtida na UG, a “Cor” segundo o STM, a “Hospitalização”, a “Duração do Internamento” e “Mortalidade”, da UG, internamento e total.
Utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exacto de Fisher, e calcularam-se as odds ratios para as relações estudadas que tiveram significância inferior ao limite considerado, que foi de 5%.
Resultados
Os episódios de urgência relativos ao período em estudo com medição de SaO2 foram 2341, com idade média de 62,76±21,52 anos e 52,4% referentes a mulheres. A média da SaO2 foi de 94,77±4,83%. Faleceram na UG 16 doentes (0,7%). Internaram-se 540 dos episódios (23,1%), dos quais faleceram 67 (12,4%), falecendo no total 83 doentes (3,5%). A duração média de internamento foi de 11,85±9,19 dias.
Discussão
Com este estudo verificou-se que a SaO2 obtida pela oximetria de pulso na UG do CHCB constitui um importante factor preditivo para internamento hospitalar, tendo os doentes com saturações inferiores a 95%, maior probabilidade de serem internado e maior probabilidade de falecerem na UG ou no início do internamento.
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Smith, Reuben Nathanael. "Perioperative comparison of the agreement between a portable fingertip pulse oximeter vs. a conventional bedside pulse oximeter in adult patients (COMFORT trial)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29680.
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Background: Low-cost, portable fingertip pulse oximeters are widely available to health professionals and the public. They are often not tested to ISO standards, or only undergo accuracy studies in healthy volunteers under ideal laboratory conditions. This study aims to pragmatically evaluate the agreement between one such device and a conventional bedside pulse oximeter in a clinical setting, in patients with varied comorbidities and skin pigmentations. Methods: A single-centre equipment comparison study was conducted. Simultaneous measurements were obtained in 220 patients with both a Contec CMS50D Fingertip Pulse Oximeter and a Nihon Kohden Life Scope MU-631 RK conventional bedside monitor. Peripheral oxygen saturations (SpO₂) and pulse rates were documented, and patient skin tone was recorded using the Fitzpatrick scale. Data was assessed using a Bland-Altman analysis with bias, precision and limits of agreement (LOA) calculated with 95% confidence intervals. A priori acceptability for LOA was determined to be 3%, in keeping with international standards. Results: Mean difference (therefore bias) between the conventional and fingertip oximeters for all data was -0,55% (95% CI -0,73 to -0,36%). Upper and lower limits of agreement (95% CI) were 2,16 (1,84 to 2,47) and -3,25 (-3,56 to -2,94) %. Regression analysis demonstrated worsening agreement with decreasing SpO₂. When samples were separated into “normal” (SpO₂ ≥ 93%) and “hypoxaemic” (SpO₂ < 93%) groups, the normal range displayed acceptable agreement between the two oximeters (bias -0,20 with LOA 2,20 to -2,27%), while the hypoxaemic group fell outside the study’s a priori limits. Heart rate measurements had mean difference (LOA) of -0,43 (-5,61 to 4,76) beats per minute. The study was not powered to detect difference among the skin tones, but demonstrated no trend for this parameter to alter the SpO₂ measurements. Conclusions: During normoxia, portable fingertip pulse oximeters are reliable indicators of SpO₂ and pulse rates in patients with various comorbidities in a pragmatic clinical context. However, they display worsening agreement with conventional pulse oximeters during hypoxaemia. Skin tones do not appear to adversely affect measurements.
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Li, Kejia. "Wireless reflectance pulse oximeter design and photoplethysmographic signal processing." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4143.
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Avakh, Kisomi Alireza. "A novel wireless ring-shaped multi-site pulse oximeter." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27891.
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Ces dernières années, la supervision continue des signes vitaux des patients a été un sujet d'intérêt de plusieurs travaux de recherche surtout pour ceux qui souffrent de maladies chroniques ou qui travaillent dans des environnements hasardeux. Dans la pratique médicale moderne, le niveau d'oxygène dans le sang est un des signes vitaux primaires tels que la pression artérielle, la fréquence cardiaque, la température corporelle et le rythme respiratoire. L'oxymétrie de pouls est une technique populaire non-intrusive qui permet de diagnostiquer des problèmes liés aux systèmes respiratoire et circulatoire. Pour cette raison, elle est largement utilisée dans les soins intensifs, les salles d'opération, les soins d'urgence, la naissance et l'accouchement, les soins néonatals et pédiatriques, les études du sommeil et les soins vétérinaires. Or, pour l’oxymètre de pouls, une acquisition précise des signaux est importante pour assurer la fiabilité des mesures de la saturation d'oxygène artériel (SaO2). Dans ce cas, le positionnement des capteurs joue un rôle important car la complexité de la structure du tissu du doigt peut rendre l'effet de l'emplacement de la source lumineuse imprévisible sur la mesure du SpO2. Si tel est le cas, un faible nombre de capteurs autour du doigt pourrait perturber la trajectoire des rayons de lumière et corrompre les mesures. Les oxymètres de pouls conventionnels utilisent une pince à doigts contenant les capteurs qui utilise un seul ensemble de LED et photodétecteur (PD). En plus de l'inconvénient des pinces à doigts, le placement du capteur n'est pas corrigé et sera affecté par des artefacts de mouvement. Dans ce mémoire, nous présenterons un oxymètre qui utilise six ensembles de diodes électroluminescentes et de photo-détecteurs, répartis uniformément en anneau autour du doigt, ce qui permet d'identifier le meilleur chemin de signal, immunisant ainsi l'acquisition du signal à l'effet de position de l'anneau. En outre, pour éliminer les fils de la station de base, ce système utilise un émetteur-récepteur radio ce qui supprime les inconvénients de l'attachement. Dans cette étude de conception de preuve de concept, un prototype de cet oxymètre en anneau est réalisé avec des composants commerciaux à faible consommation de courant et le tout est montés sur une carte électronique flex-rigides qui communique avec un hôte distant par un lien sans-fil pour traiter le signal et calculer le niveau d'oxygène.Continuous health monitoring for patients with chronic diseases or people working in high-risk environments has been an interesting topic of research in recent years. In modern medical practice, the blood oxygen level is one of the vital signs of the body alongside blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate. Pulse oximeters provide early information on problems in the respiratory and circulatory systems. They are widely used in intensive care, operating rooms, emergency care, birth and delivery, neonatal and pediatric care, sleep studies, and in veterinary care. Proper signal acquisition in a pulse oximetry system is essential to monitor the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). Since the tissue of finger has a complicated structure, and there is a lack of detailed information on the effect of the light source and detector placement on measuring SpO2, sensor placement plays an important role in this respect. Not enough sensors placed around the finger will have an adverse effect on the light path so high signal quality may become impossible to achieve. The conventional Pulse Oximeters use a finger clip, which uses only one set of LEDs and photodetector (PD). In addition to the inconvenience of the finger clips, the placement of the sensor is not fixed and will be affected by motion artifacts. In this thesis, we present a ring-shaped oximeter that uses six sets of light emitting diodes and photodetectors, uniformly distributed around the finger to identify the best signal path, thus making the signal acquisition immune to ring position on the finger. In addition, this system uses a radio transceiver to eliminate the connection wires to a base station which removes the inconvenience of the tethering and reduce the motion artifacts. In this proof of concept study, this novel ring oximeter is implemented with commercial low power consumption off-the-shelf components mounted on a rigid-flex board that connects to a remote host for signal processing and oxygen level calculation.
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Shokouhian, Mohsen. "Power-efficient and high-performance interference resilient pulse oximeter." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8yv9v/power-efficient-and-high-performance-interference-resilient-pulse-oximeter.
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This thesis presents a novel sigma delta-based pulse oximeter with higher resilience against ambient light interference in comparison to the conventional pulse oximeters available in the market. The pulse oximeter reported in this thesis uses a novel cross-coupled sigma delta modulator to drive the pulse oximeter LEDs with two chaotic, non-overlapping pulse density modulated sequences. The deployment of this modulator not only provides more immunity against ambient light but it also offers more control over the pulse oximeter LEDs power consumption resulting in less power consumption under low ambient light conditions. Additionally, this thesis suggests a novel trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) topology for better detection of the physiological signal under low perfusion state and weak heart pulses. The TIA increases the physiological signal power by partially removing its DC component and providing enough headroom for the amplification of the AC physiological signal. This AC physiological signal is used to calculate the level of blood oxygenation and its accurate detection has a direct impact on the accuracy of the overall pulse oximeter measurement. The thesis also offers a detailed description about the computer model of the pulse oximeter developed in Simulink. This model is the first computer model of pulse oximeter and it is a useful tool for design and development of a pulse oximeter. Comparing the hardware measurement results and the Simulink simulation results presented in Chapter 2 and 5 reflects the capability of the model in predicting the behavior of pulse oximeter under different measurement conditions. The thesis also includes a detailed explanation about our flexible PC-based pulse oximeter hardware prototype which was used as a reference to evaluate the performance of our novel sigma delta-based pulse oximeter. This PC-based conventional pulse oximeter prototype performs the entire signal processing tasks within the Matlab environment and therefore it can be individually used as a platform to design and evaluate the new signal processing algorithms designed for pulse oximeter application. Finally the thesis reports on the standalone FPGA based fixed point implementation of the novel pulse oximeter processing chain on a Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGA Fabric, with real-time measurement results compared and contrasted against the results obtained from the Matlab based processing engine.
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Andrade, Luiz Augusto Kalva de. "Sistema de medição para oximetria de pulso." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/912.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema para oximetria de pulso destinado a medir a saturação arterial de oxigênio. A determinação da saturação de oxigênio no sangue é reconhecida mundialmente como padrão de cuidado em anestesiologia, sendo utilizado em diversas aplicações desde tratamentos intensivos em hospitais até cirurgias veterinárias. O sistema de oximetria desenvolvido emprega um sensor de transmitância utilizando LEDs e um fotodetector como componentes principais. O instrumento é composto de um amplificador de transimpedância, circuito de demultiplexação, filtros passa-faixas, amplificador de ganho digitalmente programável e um processador digital de sinais. Os resultados de funcionamento do protótipo foram comparados com um simulador de oximetria de pulso comercial, obtendo-se um coeficiente r = 0,99954 entre os dados de saturação de oxigênio. Medições in vivo obtidas foram comparadas com medições feitas por um oxímetro
comercial, atingindo-se diferenças médias de ±1,67% entre os dados de percentagem de saturação pulsátil e ±1,44 batimentos cardíacos para a taxa de batimentos por minuto. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para melhorar a monitorização de oxigênio aos tecidos do corpo tornando ainda mais comum e acessível o uso da técnica de medição da oximetria de pulso.The main subject of this research is the development of a measurement system for pulse oximetry in order to determine oxygen arterial saturation. The measurement of blood oxygen saturation is recognized as a world standard in anesthesiology care, being used in intensive care units as well as in veterinary surgery. The developed oximetry system employs a transmittance probe using light emitting diodes and a photo detector as main components. The instrument is also composed by a transimpedance amplifier, demux and sample-and-hold circuits, pass-band filters, digitally controlled amplifier and a digital signal processor. The functioning results of the prototype were confirmed by using a commercial pulse oximeter simulator, obtaining a coefficient r = 0.99954 between the oxygen saturation data. Also, in vivo results obtained were compared with a commercial pulse oximeter showing mean differences of ±1.67% for percentage saturation data and ±1.44 beats per minute for heart rate. It is hoped that this work can help to improve the oxygen monitoring to body tissues and to make pulse oximetry a more common and accessible monitoring technique.
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Vasudevan, Shanthi. "Simultaneous Measurement of Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide Saturation using Pulse Oximeters." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/330.
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The ability of pulse oximeters to measure carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in blood or measure accurate values of oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the presence of elevated levels of HbCO is an important advantage because high exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) can be fatal or results in permanent neurological damage. The aim of my research was to develop an algorithm that would measure SpO2 and SpCO simultaneously using a pulse oximeter. Several specific wavelengths at which changes in SpCO and SpO2 can be measured with high sensitivity and specificity were identified. The choice of these wavelengths was experimentally verified utilizing an in-vitro set up. Preliminary results using our algorithm showed an accuracy of -1.1 to +2.7% [±1.96 SD] for SpO2 ranging between 70-100%, and -2 to 3.3% [±1.96 SD] for SpCO ranging between 30% with a specificity of 83.3% and a sensitivity of 100% for SpO2 and SpCO, respectively.
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Gaspar, Zamora Benjamín Walter. "Oxímetro de Pulso con comunicación a PC." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2006. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/urp/2006/gaspar_bw/html/index-frames.html.
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Cardoso, Sónia Catarina da Costa. "Análise da oximetria de pulso noturna em medicina do sono." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/8016.
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Nos dias de hoje, e estando perante uma sociedade cada vez mais envelhecida e afetada pelo stress e outros fatores de risco tais como obesidade, são evidenciados com maior frequência casos de distúrbios ao nível do sono. Considera-se assim que cerca de dois terços da população apresenta problemas ao nível do sono durante algum momento da sua vida. A dessaturação de oxigénio (SpO2) obtida através de oximetria de pulso noturna é um parâmetro indispensável em medicina do sono, para o diagnóstico de perturbações na respiração durante o sono, principalmente no diagnóstico da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS). Interpretações clínicas baseiam-se maioritariamente no índice de dessaturação de oxigénio (IDO). Neste trabalho foram estabelecidas várias alternativas e a sua aplicabilidade para o diagnóstico da SAOS, para uma amostra de 83 indivíduos. Os métodos estudados incluíram abordagens com base no tempo (Delta índex), análise não linear (Medida de Tendência Central, Entropia Aproximada), e métodos espectrais (Transformada de Welch, Transformada de Wavelet). Foram realizadas análises ao nível da sensibilidade, especificidade, coeficiente de correlação e o valor do Threshold (valor que distingue portadores de não portadores de SAOS). Neste trabalho é também apresentada uma análise epidemiológica que relaciona a SAOS e o excesso de peso. É ainda abordado o papel da reabilitação pulmonar nos distúrbios do sono, mais especificamente na SAOS. Nowadays, towards an aging society affected by stress and other risk factors such as obesity, it is possible to observe a higher frequency of cases of sleep disorders. It is considered that about two thirds of the population has trouble in sleeping at some point during their life. The oxygen desaturation (SpO2) obtained by nocturnal pulse oximetry is an essential parameter in sleep medicine for the diagnosis of breathing disorders during sleep, especially in the diagnosis of the Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSAS). Clinical interpretations are based mainly on the oxygen desaturation index (ODI). This study set out various alternatives and their applicability for the diagnosis of SOSA, for a sample of 83 individuals. The methods studied included approaches based on time (Delta index), non-linear analysis (Measure of Central Tendency, Approximate Entropy), and spectral methods (Welch Transform, Wavelet Transform). For all these approaches were performed the study at the level of the sensitivity, specificity, correlation coefficient and Threshold value (that distinguishes Ill with or without OSAS). This work also presented an epidemiological analysis that relates OSAS and overweight. It is also addressed the role of pulmonary rehabilitation in sleep disorders, specifically in OSAS.
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Культюгіна, К. А. "Програмний комплекс пульсоксиметру." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45990.
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Існує безліч патологій, які супроводжуються хронічною нестачею кисню в крові (гіпоксією). В цьому випадку показник сатурації кисню крові вимагає постійного спостереження. На сьогоднішній день існує велика кількість пульсоксиметрів, що контролюють вміст кисню в крові та частоту серцевих скорочень (ЧСС).