Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pulpwood

Academic literature on the topic 'Pulpwood'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pulpwood"

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Fowler, Gary W. "Individual Tree Volume Equations for Red Pine in Michigan." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/14.2.53.

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Abstract New total, pulpwood, sawtimber, and residual pulpwood cubic foot individual tree volume equations were developed for red pine in Michigan using nonlinear and multiple linear regression. Equations were also developed for Doyle, International 1/4 in., and Scribner bd ft volume, and a procedure for estimating pulpwood and residual pulpwood rough cord volumes from the appropriate cubic foot equations was described. Average ratios of residual pulpwood (i.e., topwood, cubic foot or cords) to mbf were developed for 7.6 and 9.6 in. sawtimber. Data used to develop these equations were collected during May-August 1983-1985 from 3,507 felled and/or standing trees from 27 stands in Michigan. Sixteen and 11 stands were located in the Upper and Lower Peninsulas, respectively. All equations were validated on an independent data set. Rough cord volume estimates based on the new pulpwood equation were compared with contemporary tables for 2 small cruise data sets. The new equations can be used to more accurately estimate total volume and volume per acre when cruising red pine stands. North. J. Appl. For. 14(2):53-58.
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Guo, Zhimei, Donald G. Hodges, and Robert C. Abt. "Forest Biomass Supply for Bioenergy Production and Its Impacts on Roundwood Markets in Tennessee." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 35, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/35.2.80.

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Abstract The use of forest biomass as an alternative source for bioenergy production has become a significant issue in Tennessee. This study used the Sub-Regional Timber Supply model to analyze the regional aggregate forest biomass feedstock potential and the impacts of additional pulpwood demand on the regional roundwood market through 2030. Two scenarios examined the impacts of building a biorefinery facility of 20 and 50 million gallons annual capacity in the state in 2015. The third scenario investigated the impacts of an Energy Information administration (EIA) reference case. The projection results suggest that there is sufficient hardwood pulpwood supply for a 50 million gallon biorefinery facility in Tennessee. It is possible to meet the increased demand of the EIA reference case without affecting the hardwood pulpwood market in the short run, but not in the distant future. The additional demand for softwood pulpwood will affect the softwood market substantially, but the impacts on the hardwood market are comparatively small. Hence, it is more feasible to increase the use of hardwood pulpwood for renewable energy rather than softwood pulpwood. These results will be very helpful in sustainably supplying forest biomass for bioenergy production in Tennessee.
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Angelo, Humberto, Tomas V. Angelo, Alexandre N. de Almeida, Pedro G. A. Vasconcelos, Mauro Magliano, Alexandre A. Brasil, Álvaro N. de Souza, and Eder P. Miguel. "An econometric model for demand of pulpwood market in Brazil." JULY 2020, no. 14(7):2020 (July 20, 2020): 1102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2244.

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The pulp industry has a great importance to the economy of Brazil and despite of being one of the biggest producer in the world this industry is still expanding in the country. In spite of the importance of the planted forests as main source for the pulp industry and other products, pulpwood for the cellulose market has received little attention in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this research is the study of pulpwood demand in Brazil from 1994 to 2016, using econometric tools, where the demand equation was specified and adjusted by the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results showed that pulpwood price and the capacity of the pulp industry explain the pulpwood demand with good econometric results. The pulpwood demand is inelastic to price fluctuations and elastic to installed capacity. These results are consistent with the international estimations and they can assist projecting policies that promote more rational and sustainable management of the wood and consequently the forests.
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Brännlund, Runar, Monica Göransson, and Karl Gustaf Löfgren. "The effects on the short-run supply of wood from subsidized regeneration measures: an econometric analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-151.

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Using an econometric model of the sawtimber and pulpwood market in price region 1 (the northern part of Sweden), it is considered whether the subsidies paid to regeneration costs in this region since the end of the 1960's have had any measurable short-run effect on wood supply. Two interrelated markets are introduced, a sawtimber market and a pulpwood market. The sawtimber market is modelled as a competitive market, while the pulpwood market is treated as a monopsonistic market structure. The model shows a good fit and the subsidies seem to have had a significant negative effect on sawtimber supply and an insignificant negative effect on pulpwood supply. The paper ends with a discussion of possible reasons for this somewhat unexpected result.
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Granskog, James E., and Kevin D. Crowther. "Weighted South-Wide Average Pulpwood Prices." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/15.2.100.

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Abstract Weighted average prices provide a more accurate representation of regional pulpwood price trends when production volumes vary widely by state. Unweighted South-wide average delivered prices for pulpwood, as reported by Timber Mart-South, were compared to average annual prices weighted by each state' s pulpwood production from 1977 to 1986. Weighted average prices for pine roundwood and pine chips were significantly higher than unweighted averages; for hardwood roundwood and hardwood chips, there was no significant difference between the weighted and unweighted average prices. South. J. Appl. For. 15(2):100-102
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Nordvall, Hans‐Olof. "Determinants of Swedish pulpwood imports." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 11, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589609382929.

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Conrad, L. William, Thomas J. Straka, and William F. Watson. "Economic Evaluation of Initial Spacing for a 30-Year-Old Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantation." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/16.2.89.

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Abstract Three initial spacings from a 30-year-old unthinned loblolly pine plantation were evaluated to estimate the historical returns achieved at various rotation lengths and for the impact of single and multiple products. The plantation was established on a well-drained interior flatwoods clay site in North Central Mississippi. Historic rates of return using actual price and cost data are reported. Generally, the optimum pulpwood rotation was 20 yr, and optimum sawtimber rotation was 30 yr. Wider spacings produced higher returns for both pulpwood and sawtimber rotations. When multiple products were considered (joint production of sawtimber, chip-n-saw, and pulpwood), greater returns than the single product rotations were obtained, and wider spacings consistently produced higher economic returns. South. J. Appl. For. 16(2):89-93.
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Parajuli, Rajan, Shaun Tanger, Robert Abt, and Fred Cubbage. "Subregional Timber Supply Projections with Chip-n-Saw Stumpage: Implications for Southern Stumpage Markets." Forest Science 65, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz044.

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Abstract Softwood chip-n-saw (CNS), an intermediate stumpage product between sawtimber and pulpwood, has become a mainstay in southern timber markets in recent years. Most of the previous studies in southern timber markets primarily focused on pulpwood and sawtimber markets, and often overlooked CNS as a standalone timber product. Using the Subregional Timber Supply model, this study examines the dynamics of sawtimber- and pulpwood-dominated softwood stumpage markets with growing CNS markets in the US South. Results suggest that South-wide CNS inventory increases over the short run but begins to decrease by 2024, which leads to CNS prices rising over the years. The projected trends vary widely from one wood basket to another. This study provides additional nuance to future prospects of southern timber markets.
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Haight, Robert G. "Optimal management of loblolly pine plantations with stochastic price trends." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-007.

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An economic analysis of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantation management options with stochastic sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage price trends is conducted using the North Carolina State University Plantation Management Simulator, a widely used model in the southeastern United States. Results for stands with a range of site indices suggest that regimes with high planting densities combined with commercial thinning options have higher expected present values than do regimes without thinning options, especially in plantations with hardwood competition. Such regimes are superior because high planting densities increase the returns from pulpwood thinnings without compromising sawtimber volume at rotation age. Further, high planting densities maintain the option to produce either sawtimber or pulpwood depending on the stumpage prices at midrotation. Optimal regimes are conditional on the sawtimber and pulpwood prices at the time of planting. A comparison of results for plantations with and without hardwood competition suggests that when the hardwood stumpage price is likely to increase over time, removing hardwoods with commercial thinning is superior to removing hardwoods immediately after planting. Finally, planting and thinning regimes that are optimal for deterministic price trends provide near-optimal expected returns when employed in an environment where price trends are stochastic.
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Stier, Jeffrey C., Thomas W. Steele, and Robert J. Engelhard. "Pulpwood Procurement Practices in the Wisconsin-Upper Michigan Pulp and Paper Industry." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.1.10.

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Abstract Pulpwood constitutes the largest component of the annual timber harvest in Wisconsin. A study was conducted in 1983-84 to determine how pulp mills in Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan obtain their pulpwood supplies and how pulpwood procurement practices have changed over the past two decades. Results indicate that mills rely strongly upon public and private sources of timber, that they are highly dependent on truck transportation of wood supplies, and that they have built up strong procurement departments with links to a broad base of pulpwood producers. Competition and the emphasis on better business practices have increased in recent years as evidenced by the consolidation of woodsheds and greater attention to inventories and promotion of company-sponsored tree farms, especially among those firms that rely on the relatively more scarce long-fibered softwoods. Future procurement strategies suggest possible greater reliance on short-haul rail transportation in those situations where favorable rates can be obtained and expanded use of satellite chipping plants as a vehicle for ensuring a regular wood supply and reducing inventory costs. North. J. Appl. For. 3:10-14, Mar. 1986.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pulpwood"

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Spångberg, Kalle. "Sorting Norway spruce pulpwood /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5616-9.gif.

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Polyakov, Maksym. "Interregional aspects of timber inventory projections." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2004%20Fall/Dissertations/POLYAKOV_MAKSYM_42.pdf.

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Liao, Xianchun. "Essays of forestry investments in the US and stumpage markets in the US South." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/LIAO_XIANCHUN_33.pdf.

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Persson, Erik. "Storage of spruce pulpwood : effects on wood and mechanical pulp /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6090-5.pdf.

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Nilsson, Mats. "Imports of pulpwood and chips to Sweden : an economics analysis." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17215.

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Ackerman, Pierre Alexander. "An investigation into the shorthaul transport of pulpwood in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52115.

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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ackerman PA. 2001. An Investigation into the Shorthaul Transport of Pulpwood in South Africa. M.Sc. in Forestry thesis. University of Stellenbosch. 178 pp Shorthaul transport also known as secondary intermediate transport (SIT), a unique feature of pulpwood transport in South Africa, is an additional transport phase within traditional secondary transport. SIT originates at a roadside landing or depot and terminates at another depot, rail siding or merchandising area (not the final destination). The reason for the addition of SIT into the transport chain is identified as the steady decline of forest road conditions to the extent that highway vehicles are unable to reach roadside landings, necessitating the use of intermediate storage sites, from where the timber is once again loaded and transported to final destination. An industry survey established that the decline of forest road conditions are related to excessively high road densities, insufficient funding for road maintenance/upgrading and the lack of understanding by landowners of the importance of maintaining forest road infrastructure. Total funding, by pulpwood companies on roads have shown an increase of R18.55 million from 1997 to 2000, however, subsequent surveys have indicated, that despite this increase in funding, the forest road conditions continue deteriorating. Of the total annual pulpwood intake of 9.39 million tonnes for 1998, 3.7 million tonnes are subject to SIT. Of this 3.7 million tonnes, 2.5 million tonnes are transported from stump to depot and 1.2 million tonnes are transported from landing to depot. The survey identified the agricultural tractor and semi-trailer as the most favoured transport system between stump or landing and depot, responsible for transporting 2.22 million tonnes annually. For 1998, manual loading and three wheel log loaders accounted for the loading of 0.6 and 2.1 million tonnes respectively of the 3.7 million tonnes subject to SIT. This survey information, assisted by newly developed terminology, was used to develop transport scenarios for the economic analysis of total cost of the different transport phases. A network analysis model and pixel-based geographic information system (GIS) were combined to analyse the various transport scenarios within three study areas in the KwaZulu/Natal Midlands, employing SIT on poor, high-density road networks. The simple pixel-based GIS contained information on the forest road network, surface cover and slopes. The results of the economic analysis highlighted the need for the reduction of road network density and for the improvement of the remaining network. This would eliminate the need for extended primary transport and allow the use of highway vehicles transporting from the compartment roadside to and past plantation exits. Results show an average annual cost penalty to the industry, by maintaining SIT, to be R43.25 million or R8.24/m3 . By not employing SIT the industry will potentially save R4.60 for every tonne of the 9.4 million tonnes consumed by the pulpwood processing plants during 1998. Key words: Network analysis. Pixel-based GIS. Timber transport. Secondary transport. Secondary intermediate transport. Secondary terminal transport. Extended primary transport. Primary transport. Dirichlet tessellations. Shorthaul. Note: Throughout this document a full stop (.) is used as a decimal separator.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ackerman PA. 2001.'n Ondersoek na die kortafstand vervoer van pulphout in Suid- Afrika. MSc in Bosbou tesis. Universiteit van Stellenbosch. 178 pp. sekondere intermediere vervoer (SIV), 'n addisionele vervoer-fase binne tradisionele sekondere houtvervoer, is 'n unieke kenmerk van pulphout vervoer in Suid-Afrika. SIV begin op pad, by 'n spesifieke vak of depot en eindig by 'n ander depot, syspoor of verwerkingsgebied (nie die finale bestemming nie). Aangesien die toestand van bospaaie toenemend verswak en omdat swaarpadvervoer nie langer vakke kan bereik nie, word vervoerkontrakteurs al hoe meer gedwing om van depots gebruik te maak waarheen hout deur middel van SIV vervoer moet word. Die hout word dan weer daar gelaai en na 'n verwerkingsfabriek vervoer deur middel van swaarpadvervoer. 'n Landwye opname het getoon dat die swak toestand van bospaaie toegeskryf kan word aan oormatige paddigthede, onvoldoende befondsing vir die instandhouding/ opgradering van paaie en 'n gebrek aan begrip vir die belangrikheid van die onderhoud van pad infrastruktuu r. Die totale kostes aan padverbeterings en opgraderings in die pulphout bedryf, het van 1997 tot 2000 met R18.55 miljoen toegeneem. Verdere opnames toon egter dat ten spyte van hierdie verhoging in befondsing, die toestand van bospaaie steeds onbevredigend is. Van die totale jaarlikse pulphout inname van 9.39 miljoen ton gedurende 1998, word 3.7 miljoen ton aan SIV blootgestel. Van die volume word 2.5 en 1.2 miljoen ton onderskeidelik vanaf die stomp en pad na depots vervoer. Die opname het ook landboutrekkers met leunwaens ge·identifiseer as die gewildste houtvervoer middel tussen die stomp/pad en depots. Hande-arbeid en driewielbloklaaiers is op hulle beurt verantwoordelik vir die laai van onderskeidelik 0.6 en 2.1 miljoen ton pulphout wat deur middel van SIV vervoer word. Inligting uit die opname ondersteun deur nuutgeskepte vakterminologie, is gebruik om verskillende vervoersisteme vir die ekonomiese analise van totale koste van die verskillende vervoerfases te bereken. 'n Netwerk analise model en pixel gebaseerde GIS is in kombinasie gebruik om verskillende vervoer scenarios in drie areas in Kwa-Zulu Natal te ontleed, wat gebruik maak van SIV op swak bospaaie met hoenetwerkdigthede. Die eenvoudige pixel-gebaseerde GIS het inligting weergegee oor bospadnetwerke, oppervlakbedekking en hellings. Die behoefte aan die vermindering van paddigtheid en die verbetering van bospaaie as sulks, is deur die resultate van die ekonomiese ontleding na vore gebring. Dit sal die behoefte vir uitgebreide primers vervoer uitskakel en die gebruik van tradisionele swaar padvoertuie moontlik maak. Die resultate van hierdie opname toon dat die bedryf addisioneel gemiddeld R43.25 miljoen/jaar of R8.24/m3 betaal vir die 3.7 miljoen ton wat onderhewig is aan SIV. Vir die totale 9.4 miljoen m3 het SIV die maatskappye gedurende 1998 R4.60 meer gekos vir elke m3 wat vervoer was. Sleutelwoorde: Netwerkanalise. Houtvervoer. Sekondere vervoer. sekondere intermediere verveer. Sekondere terminale vervoer. VerJengde prirnere vervoer. Kortafstand vervoer. Pixel-gebaseerde GIS Nota: In hierdie document word deurgans 'n punt (.) gebruik om desimale van heelgetalle te skei.
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Quinde, Abad Augusto. "Behaviour of the major resin- and fatty acids of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) during organosolv pulping." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30658.

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A high extractive-content temperate conifer wood (Pinus elliottii) was examined as a pulpwood source by organosolv pulping. Particularly, the behavior of the resin- and fatty acids during the lignin solvolysis process was studied in detail. For this purpose the resin-and fatty acids were characterized in the wood, and after pulping trials in order to reveal their fate during pulping, using catalyzed 80% aqueous alcohol (methanol) as solvent. Wood extractives were removed by both methanolic cold maceration and Soxhlet extraction techniques. The resin-and fatty acid fractions thus collected were saponified and/or methylated and characterized by gas liquid chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No significant differences were found in regard to extraction efficiencies between the two types of cold extractions. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between these two types of cold extractions in comparison with the procedure described by TAPPI standard T 204 os-76. Pulping experiments were performed at 205°C for periods of 5, 20, 40, and 60 min. Lignins, which precipitated on cooling of the black liquor (Lignin fraction I), were set aside for further extractions and chemical analyses. The molecular weight distribution of these lignins was determined by size exclusion chromatography on an HPLC and their quantity was determined either gravimetrically or volumetrically. Precipitated Lignin Fraction I, suspected of containing some adsorbed extractives and some fiber fragments, was transferred to a tared crucible. The lignin and extractives were sequentially dissolved by using tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone and methanol. This solution was evaporated, the residue redissolved in methanol-water (80:20) and the solution liquid-liquid extracted with diethyl ether in a separatory funnel followed by methylation prior to GC and GC-MS analysis. Quantification of the resin- and fatty acids in the wood and those recovered after organosolv pulping was performed using an internal standard (methyl heptadecanoate) added prior to the extraction steps. The extractives dissolved in the black liquor were isolated by a ternary liquid-liquid extraction scheme using diethyl ether, methylated with fresh diazomethane, and the resin- and fatty acids methyl esters characterized by GC and GC-MS. The extractives present in the pulp were isolated (removed) by a Soxhlet extraction procedure with methanol and" the resin- and fatty acids fractions characterized as above. Resin- and fatty acids surviving the high-temperature pulping process, were found mainly in the black liquor. After the 60 min cook, the black liquor contained 78.1% and 71.6% of resin- and fatty acids, respectively, while the pulp retained 11.7% and 8.2%, respectively of the extractives originally present in wood. "Lignin fraction I" adsorbed 10.2% and 20.2% of the resin- and fatty acids, respectively. Contrarily, if all of the lignin is precipitated (Lignin fraction II). prior to liquid/liquid extraction of the black liquor with diethyl ether, 98% and 60.4% of the resin- and fatty acids co-precipitate with the lignin and 2.0% and 39.6%, respectively, remain dissolved in the aqueous filtrate. Industrial organosolv lignin isolated after solvent pulping of pine was thus shown to contain most (98%) of the resin acids and 39.6% of the fatty acids normally found in pines. Although not tested, it is supposed that lignins isolated by precipitation from the black liquor after organosolv pulping of other species cannot be considered as "pristine lignins" as described hitherto in the technical literature, since such lignins are heavily contaminated by the extractives of the wood species. In light of these findings all data on chemical and physical characterization of organosolv lignins and their reactivity will have to be reexamined and reassessed to remove the effect of the extractives as contaminants.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Al, Halabi Rami. "Application of game theory in Swedish raw material market : Investigating the pulpwood market." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39160.

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Studien går ut på att analysera marknadsstrukturen för två industriföretag(Holmen och SCA) under antagandet att båda konkurrerar mot varandragenom att köpa rå material samt genom att sälja förädlade produkter.Produktmarknaden som undersöks är pappersmarknaden och antas varakoncentrerad. Rå materialmknaden som undersöks ärmassavedmarknaden och antas karaktäriseras som en duopsony. Detvisade sig att Holmen och SCA köper massaved från en stor mängdskogsägare. Varje företag skapar varje månad en prislista där de bestämmerbud priset föassaved. Priset varierar beroende på region. Både SCA ochHolmen väljer mellan två strategiska beslut, antigen att buda högt pris ellerlågt pris. Genom spelteori så visade det sig att båda industriföretagenanvänder mixade strategier då de i vissa tillfällen budar högt och i andratillfällen budar lågt. Nash jämviktslägen för mixade strategier räknades utmatematiskt och analyserades genom dynamisk spelteori.Marknadskoncentrationen för pappersmarknaden undersöktes viaHerfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Porters femkraftsmodell användes föratt analysera industri konkurrensen. Resultatet visade attproduktmarknaden är koncentrerad då HHI testerna gav höga indexvärdenmellan 3100 och 1700. Det existerade dessutom ett Nash jämviktsläge fö mixade strategier som gav SCA förväntad lönsamhet 1651 miljoner kronoroch Holmen 1295 miljoner kronor. Dynamisk spelteori visade att SCA ochHolmens budgivning följer ett mönster och att högt/lågt bud beror påavvikelser från Nash jämviktslägets sannolikhetsdistribution. Nashjämviktslägets råder ifall sannolikhetsdistributionerna vid låg budgivningär 68,6 procent för SCA och 66,7 procent för Holmen. Detta gav indikatore för icke samarbetsvilliga spel. Slutsatsen är att om två spelare (kvarnar) når
The research aims to analyze the market structure of two companies in th forest industry (Holmen and SCA) with the assumption that thes companies compete at buying raw materials and selling products. Theproduct market in this study is the paper market under the assumption thatboth companies operate in a concentrated product market. The rawmatial market that one investigates in this study is the pulpwood marketunder the assumption that it is a duopsony. What this study has concludedis that Holmen and SCA buy pulpwood from lots of different self-managingforest owners. Each company creates a monthly pricelist where they decidethe bid price of pulpwood. The amount varies depending on the region. Bot SCA and Holmen chooses between two strategic decisions, either to bid highor to bid low. Through game theory, it has been clear that each company usesmixed strategies as they sometimes give high bids and sometimes give lowbids. The Nash equilibrium for mixed strategies have been calculatedmathematically and analyzed through the dynamics of game theory. As fore market concentration, the product market has been investigatedthrough the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Porter's five-force modelwas used to analyze the industry competition. The results showed that theproduct market is concentrated as the HHI tests gave High index scoresbetween 3100 and 1700. In addition, there existed a Nash equilibrium in amixed strategy that gave SCA expected payoff 1651 million SEK and Holmen1295 million SEK. The dynamic game theory showed that SCA and Holmen'sbidding follows a repeating trajectory and that the high/low bidding is dueto deviations from Nash equilibrium probability distribution. The Nashequilibrium situation prevails if the probability distribution at low biddingis 68.6 percent for SCA and 66,7 percent for Holmen. This providedindicators for a non-cooperative game. The conclusion is that if two players
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Vikinge, Björn. "Trädbränsleuttag i gallring /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5858-7.pdf.

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Sullivan, Elizabeth Carol. "The use of advanced treatment methods for removal of color and dissolved solids from pulp and paper wastewater." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94476.

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This study investigated the use of activated carbon and ion exchange for the removal of color and dissolved solids from pulp and paper wastewater generated by the Union Camp Corporation mill in Franklin, Virginia. The objective of the treatment was to provide a high quality effluent suitable for direct recycling. This advanced treatment followed pretreatment by lime, alum, or ferric chloride. Required effluent quality was defined as being 5 Pt-Co units color and 75 mg/L chloride. Granular and powdered carbons, manufactured by the Westvaco Corporation, were utilized in the study. The ion exchange resin investigated was Amberlite IRA-68, manufactured by Rohm and Haas. Carbon treatment consisted of batch and column operation; ion exchange column treatment was used. The results of the study indicated that the required effluent quality was achieved by activated carbon and ion exchange treatment of wastewater that had been chemically pretreated. The most successful treatment schemes for the biotreated effluent were pretreatment with 500 mg/L alum or 2500 mg/L lime, followed by carbon column treatment for color polishing and ion exchange for chloride removal. The lime pretreated sample produced an effluent containing less than 5 Pt-Co units color as necessary for reuse, while the alum pretreated sample would require dilution with make-up water or additional treatment (i.e. ion exchange) to obtain recycle quality. The use of ion exchange for chloride removal is not practical due to the preferential exchange for sulfates. Until such time as sulfate can be eliminated from the wastewater source, other methods of dissolved solids removal should be investigated.
M. Eng.
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Books on the topic "Pulpwood"

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Pulpwood: Stories. Livingston, Ala: Livingston Press, University of West Alabama, 2003.

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Johnson, Tony G. National pulpwood production, 2008. Asheville, NC: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2011.

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Vissage, John S. Midsouth pulpwood prices, 1989. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, [1992], 1992.

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Vissage, John S. Midsouth pulpwood prices, 1987. [New Orleans, La. (701 Loyola Ave., New Orleans 70113)]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1990.

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1898-, Pearce J. Kenneth, and Walbridge Thomas A, eds. Logging and pulpwood production. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Vissage, John S. Midsouth pulpwood prices, 1988. [New Orleans, La. (701 Loyola Ave., New Orleans 70113)]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1990.

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Miller, Patrick E. Midsouth pulpwood prices, 1992. [New Orleans, La.] (701 Loyola Ave., New Orleans 70113): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, [1992], 1994.

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Widmann, Richard H. Pulpwood production in the Northeast--1988. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1990.

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Widmann, Richard H. Pulpwood production in the Northeast--1989. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa.). Pulpwood production in the Northeast--1990. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pulpwood"

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Anoop, E. V., Arun Joseph, C. M. Jijeesh, R. Vishnu, and Anju S. Vijayan. "Basic Density and Fibre Morphological Characteristics of Selected Pulpwood Species of Kerala." In Wood is Good, 161–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3115-1_16.

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Pirard, Romain, and Judith Mayer. "Complementary labor opportunities in Indonesian pulpwood plantations with implications for land use." In Agroforestry for Commodity Production: Ecological and Social Dimensions, 235–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3365-9_19.

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Toppinen, A. "Quarterly Model of the Finnish Sawlog and Pulpwood Markets – a Cointegration Analysis." In Modern Time Series Analysis in Forest Products Markets, 103–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4772-9_7.

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Zhang, Lei, and Jian-Jun Hu. "Transgenic poplar gene flow monitoring in China." In Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation, 56–70. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0004.

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Abstract Poplar is cultivated widely for pulpwood, firewood, and timber. Transgenic poplar may be part of a solution for wood demand in China. Because transgene escape is an important part of ecological security evaluation of transgenic plants, in this chapter we discuss a real transgenic poplar case study. In this case study, mature transgenic male Populus nigra plants harbored a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene (i.e. Bt poplar). A plantation of these plants served as a testbed for a relevant example for gene flow monitoring in China. Furthermore, we discuss environmental risk assessment (ERA) of these transgenic plants. While transgenes can drift to related species through natural and controlled pollination, the probability of transgene drift appears to be very low in the field. The resultantBt poplar seeds occurred at a frequency from about 0.15% at 0 m to about 0.02% at 500 m away from the Bt poplar. The Bt poplar progeny seeds had decreased germination within 3 weeks in the field (from 68% to 0%), compared with the 48% germination rate after 3 weeks at 4°C. The survival rate of seedlings in the field was 0% without any treatments, but increased to 1.7% under four combined treatments (clean and trim, watering, weeding, and cover with plastic to retain moisture) after being seeded in the field for 8 weeks. Hybrid offspring appeared to possess segregated traits following artificially controlled pollination. While hybrids of transgenic poplar and non-transgenic poplar can be excellent germplasm, gene flow should be monitored. Transgene expression in grafted scion and rootstock of transgenic poplar is reviewed. The transgenic poplar studied appears to be safe; no ecological or environmental harm has been observed in China.
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Marques, A. F., J. G. Borges, P. M. Sousa, M. Fonseca, J. Gonçalves, and J. Oliveira. "An Enterprise Architecture Approach for Designing an Integrated Wood Supply Management System." In Organizational Integration of Enterprise Systems and Resources, 1–21. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1764-3.ch001.

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The wood supply chains encompass a multitude of agents with independent business processes and information systems. The network of interrelationships and information flows among the agents is often neglected when designing information systems. Common processes and automatic data exchanges can enhance collaboration as well as improve IT alignment with business needs across multiple organizations in the supply chain. This article proposes an Enterprise Architecture methodological approach for designing an integrated modular Wood Supply Management System. Both Process Architecture Framework and Information Architecture were developed and used to define individual systems and integration requirements, discussed on the Applications Architecture. The Technological Architecture was further addressed. Results of its application to the Portuguese pulpwood, biomass and lumber-based supply chains are presented. Results show that this approach can effectively specify individual systems requirements driven from the processes descriptions built in collaboration with the agents. It further shows that a Service-Oriented Architecture can be derived, ensuring systems integration and interoperability.
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"Hudson River Fishes and their Environment." In Hudson River Fishes and their Environment, edited by Dennis P. Swaney, Karin E. Limburg, and Karen Stainbrook. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569827.ch6.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Using a combination of data sources and historic or contemporary accounts, we describe and document changes in the Hudson River watershed’s population size, agricultural and forested land uses, and the construction of dams, largely since the time of European colonization. Population within the watershed has grown from 230,000 at the time of the first census in 1790 to around 5 million today (not including parts of those boroughs of New York City outside the watershed, such as Queens). The watershed was almost entirely forested in 1609, with minor amounts of Indian agriculture. By 1880, approximately 68% of the watershed was farmland, but as soil productivity declined and industry created other jobs, much cleared land gradually reverted to secondary forest. Most land not in agriculture was forested and exploited first for lumber and tanbark and, later on, pulpwood for paper. The tanning industry existed from the 1700s, but reached its height in the mid-1800s, collapsing from a combination of resource (hemlock) exhaustion and market forces. Finally, available records list nearly 800 dams, ranging from 0.6 m to 213 m (Ashokan Reservoir) in height and with maximum storage of 1.07 km<sup>3</sup> (Sacandaga Reservoir), that were constructed from the early 18<sup>th</sup> century until 1993. The environmental legacies of these changes include effects on hydrology, soils, vegetation, biogeochemical cycling, sediment loading, and ecological relationships
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"Hudson River Fishes and their Environment." In Hudson River Fishes and their Environment, edited by Dennis P. Swaney, Karin E. Limburg, and Karen Stainbrook. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569827.ch6.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Using a combination of data sources and historic or contemporary accounts, we describe and document changes in the Hudson River watershed’s population size, agricultural and forested land uses, and the construction of dams, largely since the time of European colonization. Population within the watershed has grown from 230,000 at the time of the first census in 1790 to around 5 million today (not including parts of those boroughs of New York City outside the watershed, such as Queens). The watershed was almost entirely forested in 1609, with minor amounts of Indian agriculture. By 1880, approximately 68% of the watershed was farmland, but as soil productivity declined and industry created other jobs, much cleared land gradually reverted to secondary forest. Most land not in agriculture was forested and exploited first for lumber and tanbark and, later on, pulpwood for paper. The tanning industry existed from the 1700s, but reached its height in the mid-1800s, collapsing from a combination of resource (hemlock) exhaustion and market forces. Finally, available records list nearly 800 dams, ranging from 0.6 m to 213 m (Ashokan Reservoir) in height and with maximum storage of 1.07 km<sup>3</sup> (Sacandaga Reservoir), that were constructed from the early 18<sup>th</sup> century until 1993. The environmental legacies of these changes include effects on hydrology, soils, vegetation, biogeochemical cycling, sediment loading, and ecological relationships
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"2. “Pulpwood Is The Only Thing We Do Export”: The Myth Of Provincial Protectionism In Ontario’S Forest Industry, 1890–1930." In Smart Globalization, 59–91. University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442669826-006.

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Anjos, Andreia, Joana Jesus, Cristina Marques, Nuno Borralho, Helena Trindade, Sérgio Chozas, and Cristina Máguas. "After an off-season fire: the behavior of exotic Eucalyptus globulus and invasive Acacia longifolia in Portugal." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 833–38. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_126.

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The introduction of species into exotic areas has increased, although it results in serious impacts on novel ecosystems. In Portugal, Eucalyptus globulus (exotic species) and Acacia longifolia (exotic invasive species) occupy a vast forested area. Eucalyptus globulus was extensively planted due to its role in pulpwood industries and, while the majority of plantations are managed, some are poorly managed along with isolated trees dispersed in the landscape (seed-trees) that are very huge and old, potentially increasing the risk of dispersal. Acacia longifolia was introduced for dune stabilization, but quickly expanded, becoming invasive without human intervention. As a leguminous species, the ability to establish symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria seems to be crucial to potentiate this invasiveness; however, these mutualistic interactions will interfere with soil microbiota, altering plant communities and affecting local biodiversity. Being two species adapted to post-fire regeneration, their behavior changes after fire occurrence, however after off-season fires, there is a gap in knowledge about their establishment dynamics. Eucalyptus globulus plantations and surrounding areas of seed-trees affected by June and October 2017 fire events were sampled, as well as unburnt areas. Acacia longifolia root-nodules were collected from unburnt and burnt areas affected by 2017 October fire and bacterial community was isolated and identified. Our results showed that the fire date and pre-fire management restrained E. globulus natural regeneration, with greater establishment in unmanaged plantations affected by the October fire. The presence of seed-trees seems to be less influenced by these factors (fire date and management), and can be considered an important seed source. Also, A. longifolia bacteriome has lower diversity after fire, but the main symbionts seem to be nitrogen-fixing bacteria, indicating a more specialized symbiosis that could enhance post-fire invasion. Bradyrhizobium spp. were the main partners in both studied zones, revealing its role as a facilitating microorganism. Off-season fires specific conditions seem to create more favourable conditions for E. globulus establishment, while A. longifolia seems to be able to establish promiscuous symbioses, but simultaneously adapt to a disturbed environment, managing to outcompete effectively with other plant species
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Montagnini, Florencia. "Nutrient Considerations in the Use of Silviculture for Land Development and Rehabilitation in the Amazon." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0010.

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Tropical plantations serve diverse economic, social, political, and ecological functions. With considerably higher yields than managed native forests, tropical and subtropical plantations make substantial contributions to world timber and pulp production (Wadsworth 1983, Evans 1992). Tree plantations can also be a source of cash, savings, and insurance for individual farmers. Plantations may help stabilize rural populations in regions where shifting agriculture is the predominant land use. In combination with subsistence and commercial crops (agroforestry) or cattle (agrosilvopastoral systems), plantations have been used as tools in rural development projects worldwide. Plantations are often seen as alternatives to deforestation as they can provide products that otherwise would be taken from natural forests (Fearnside 1990, McNabb et al. 1994). Nutrient cycling characteristics of tropical plantations differ from those of natural forests in a number of ways. Natural forests are adapted to ecological niches by intricate and effective physiological adaptations of growth in the environment (see Cuevas, this volume). Instead, tropical plantations are simplified, generally monospecific ecosystems that occupy the site for a limited period of time that can range from 4-12 years (for biomass, pulpwood, or fuelwood) up to 20-40 years (timber). In many instances plantations are composed of species that are exotic to the region, or even when indigenous, are new to the particular plantation site. Since plantation tree species have been generally selected for production of timber or other aboveground tree parts, they tend to maintain a smaller fraction of total tree biomass nutrients in roots than natural forests (Vogt et al. 1997). In rain forests growing on poor soils, high tree productivity is in part due to the existence of important nutrient conserving mechanisms mediated by the root system (Cuevas, this volume). The smaller biomass of plantation root systems may thus make them more susceptible to nutrient and water stress. Smaller root systems may also make plantation forests more susceptible to disturbances from strong winds and pathogens that attack aerial parts (Vogt et al. 1997). Nutrient demands by plantation trees vary from season to season and with the developmental age of the stand (Drechsel and Zech 1993). During the life of the plantation, large quantities of nutrients are returned to the soil by above- and belowground litter, harvest residues, stem flow, and throughfall.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pulpwood"

1

Campu, Vasile Razvan. "MASS LOSS AND THE MEASUREMENT OF BEECH AND OAK PULPWOOD MOISTURE CONTENT." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s14.054.

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Daugaviete, Mudrite, Galina Telysheva, Ojars Polis, Ausma Korica, and Kaspars Spalvis. "Plantation forests as regional strength for development of rural bioeconomy." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.001.

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The establishment of plantation forests in areas not viable for agriculture can make a significant contribution to the economy. The yield from 1 ha of plantation forest depends on the management purpose - obtaining of round wood (pulpwood, sawnlog, veneer log, tare), bioenergy and extraction of tree foliage (broadleaved and coniferous). In Latvia, based on 2019 data, plantation forests achieve 2760 ha of Scots pine, 7855 ha of Norway spruce, 7431 ha of Birch, 2123 ha of Grey alder, 1274 ha of Black alder and Populus spp. and 618 ha of Salix spp. Estimated and projected gains are calculated both as round wood over 20 to 50 years: pine - 410-to 994 thou. m3; spruce, - 335 to 2.906 thou. m3, birch - 1.040 -2.452 thou. m3. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain gross income from the whole plantation forest area in Latvia: pine-12.42-63.8 mln. EUR; spruce - 40.1 -192.3 mln. EUR; for birch - 32.2 -202.7 mln. Eur. Additionally to that, 18.6 -21.6 t ha-1 and 24.0 -37.0 t ha-1 of processed foliage can be obtained from 1 ha of pine and spruce forest plantations (40-50 years old). Alnus incana sp. (5-20 years), yielding 19.65-122.65 thou. Solid m3 and Salix spp. (3-5 years), yielding 58.71-84.97 thou. solid m3, are used for energy production, furthermore Alnus spp. wood can be used than valuable raw material for plywood production. At the same time, it is possible to capture 106-1477 thou. tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Systematic investigations of chemical composition of above mentioned Latvian plantation trees, wood and bark, have shown that incorporation of extraction treatment in existing processing schemes will allow to manufacture high value added monomeric and oligomeric products which are of great demand for substitution of synthetic ones in different economy sectors (agriculture, including means for plant protection, food industry, polymer production, pharmacy etc.). Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural region in close proximity to plantations opens the opportunity for the appearance of new working places, including organization of new nurseries, plantation services, private businesses for processing of various lignocellulosic waste into new special products / semi-products / feedstock for green industrial materials and chemicals, at the same time diminishing the logistics expenses.
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Reports on the topic "Pulpwood"

1

Hutchins, Cecil C. Southern pulpwood production, 1987. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-rb-106.

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Hutchins, Cecil C. Southern pulpwood production, 1989. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-rb-119.

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Howell, Michael. Southern pulpwood production, 1991. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-rb-137.

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Howell, Michael, and Andrew J. Hartsell. Southern pulpwood production, 1993. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-rb-152.

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Hutchins, Cecil C. Southern pulpwood production, 1985. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-rb-94.

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May, Dennis M. Southern pulpwood production, 1984. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rb-111.

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May, Dennis M. Southern pulpwood production, 1986. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rb-138.

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Vissage, John S. Southern pulpwood production, 1988. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rb-159.

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Vissage, John S., and Patrick E. Miller. Southern pulpwood production, 1990. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rb-175.

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Miller, Patrick E. Southern pulpwood production, 1992. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rb-187.

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