Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pulp mills Cleaning Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Pulp mills Cleaning Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pulp mills Cleaning Australia"

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Crossland, C. J., and K. M. Abel. "New pulp mills in Australia." Marine Pollution Bulletin 25, no. 5-8 (January 1992): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(92)90222-r.

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Keough, M. J., and B. D. Mapstone. "Designing environmental monitoring for pulp mills in Australia." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1997): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0567.

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We describe an approach to environmental monitoring that has been developed to deal with future pulp mills in Australia. We propose decision criteria that balance the chance of missing impacts and the chance of falsely accusing a proponent of environmental damage. Rather than focusing on either Type I or Type II statistical errors, we fix the ratio of the two error rates according to perceived costs of making each error. As monitoring is scaled up or down, risks of both errors rise and fall proportionately, in contrast to more traditional approaches, in which one error rate is fixed. We describe the steps necessary to implement a monitoring program using these criteria. Our emphasis is on guidelines that allow the flexibility to deal with monitoring a range of point source discharges in coastal environments that vary widely.
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Sonnenfeld, David A. "The Ghost of Wesley Vale: Environmentalists' Influence on Innovation in Australia's Pulp and Paper Industry." Competition & Change 1, no. 4 (December 1996): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102452949600100403.

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This paper analyzes how a key conflict in Australia's pulp and paper industry became generalized to other sites through environmental action, government regulation, and industry initiative. From 1987–91, Australians debated construction of a new, world-class, export-oriented pulp mill in Tasmania. Rural residents, fishermen, and environmentalists, allied with the Australian Labor Party, succeeded in scuttling the project. Subsequently, the national government launched a major research program, state governments tightened regulations, and industry reduced elemental chlorine use. Any new mills constructed in Australia today would be among the cleanest in the world. This paper is part of a larger, comparative study of technological innovation in the pulp and paper industries of Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The author interviewed industry officials, government regulators, research scientists, and environmentalists; visited pulp and paper mills; attended technical conferences; and conducted archival work in these countries during a 12-month period.
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Hruška, Michal, Miroslav Variny, Juma Haydary, and Ján Janošovský. "Sulfur Recovery from Syngas in Pulp Mills with Integrated Black Liquor Gasification." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111173.

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Research Highlights: As to fill the current knowledge gap and to deliver important findings to the scientific community, efficient sulfur recovery from black liquor gasifier syngas, comprising both gas cleaning and returning sulfur to the pulping process, was modeled and assessed from a techno-economic viewpoint. This manuscript proves that the associated investment and operational costs cannot be neglected and that they impact the black liquor gasification feasibility significantly. To prove its gasification as a sustainable and more efficient processing route over its combustion in recovery boilers, a substantial process efficiency improvement and operating costs reduction must be targeted in future research. Background and Objectives: Sulfur compounds found in black liquor partly turn into hydrogen sulfide during gasification and exit the gasifier in the syngas. Their efficient recovery in their sulfidic form to the pulping process is of utmost importance. Current studies focus on black liquor gasifier syngas desulfurization only. Materials and Methods: A mathematical model of two H2S absorption units from a 66.7 tDS/h (1600 tons dry solids per day) black liquor gasification process to 20 ppm H2S content in cleaned syngas using either white liquor plus NaOH or N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) was created using the Aspen Plus simulation software. Results: The results show that CO2 co-absorption significantly increases the lime kiln load: +20% in the MDEA alternative and +100% in the other one. The MDEA alternative requires almost the same investment costs but by around USD 9.7 million (>50%) lower annual operating costs compared to the other one. Economic evaluation was based on the assumed discount rate of 5% and on the expected plant operation time of 25 years. The estimated total investment cost of the whole plant is around USD 170 million for both alternatives. The whole plant including this alternative exhibits a positive net present value (over USD 19 million), an internal rate of return of 5% and a profitability index of 1.12, whereas that with the other alternative is economically infeasible. Conclusions: The MDEA-based syngas cleaning technology represents a more efficient and economically feasible option of sulfur recovery. A major drawback of both modeled syngas cleaning technologies is that their estimated annual operating costs significantly reduce the expected profit margin of gasification over the traditional black liquor combustion in a recovery boiler. Syngas cleaning and sulfur recovery have to be further optimized to reach a significant cut down in operational costs to improve the economic feasibility of black liquor gasification.
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Curran, Giorel, and Robyn Hollander. "A Tale of Two Pulp Mills: Realising Ecologically Sustainable Development in Australia." Australian Journal of Public Administration 67, no. 4 (December 2008): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2008.00604.x.

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Lee, Hing-Biu, and Thomas E. Peart. "Bisphenol A Contamination in Canadian Municipal and Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Samples." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.018.

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Abstract A large-scale study on bisphenol A (BPA) contamination in Canadian municipal and industrial wastewater and sludge has been completed. A total of about 200 samples were collected, including those from 31 sewage treatment plants and 15 pulp and paper mills across Canada, as well as 13 industrial facilities in the Toronto area. The samples were extracted by previously developed solid-phase and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction procedures and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. BPA contamination was detected in all of the 72 sewage samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.080 to 4.98 µg/L (median 0.329 µg/L) for the influent, and from 0.010 to 1.08 µg/L (median 0.136 µg/L) for the effluent. Of the 36 influent/effluent sample pairs studied, BPA in the influent is removed by the sewage treatment process at a median reduction rate of 68%. Levels of BPA accumulation in sewage sludge, for the 50 samples tested, ranged from 0.033 to 36.7 µg/g, on a dry weight basis. A wide range of BPA concentrations, from 0.23 to 149.2 µg/L, were observed for the wastewater collected from selected industrial facilities in the Toronto area. The more contaminated samples came from the sectors of chemicals and chemical products, commercial dry cleaning, as well as packaging and paper products. Based on these data, on-site releases of BPA by industrial facilities seem to be much more widespread than the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) database has suggested. While relatively high levels of BPA were found in some of the primary treated effluent collected from the deinking mills, BPA concentrations in the secondary treated effluent of all pulp and paper mills were low, with a range from < 0.005 to 0.0406 µg/L. Except for the samples derived from a few deinking mills, BPA contaminication in pulp and paper mill sludge was either low or undetected.
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Felissia, Fernando E., Maria C. Area, Olga M. Barboza, and Dora I. Bengoechea. "Anti-scaling agents in kraft pulping." BioResources 2, no. 2 (May 4, 2007): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.2.252-264.

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Scale formation in the digester during kraft pulping represents a great problem in pulp mills. Scaling reduces pulping control and efficiency, increasing energy costs and leading to cleaning breakdowns, with subsequent losses in productivity. The kraft process promotes CaCO3 scaling due to high calcium ion and carbonate concentrations, as well as high alkalinity and temperature levels, which increase the speed with which liquors reach a state of supersaturation. This work examines the action of diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMPA), either alone or combined with commercial anti-scaling agents, as an inhibitor of calcium carbonate precipitation in the kraft pulping of Pinus taeda. The theoretical amount of calcium deposited in the digester was obtained by mass balance. Soluble calcium was stable throughout cooking when using the phosphonates alone or combined with anti-scaling agents. When adding only DTPMPA, calcium stays in the pulp, rather than forming deposits.
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Anhava, Juhani, and Olli Kolehmainen. "Environmental Impact Assessment - Valuable Experiences of EIA Procedure and Public Perception of Major Industrial Projects." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1994): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0708.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is presented as a specialised tool for project management. Environmental assessment in different phases of the project cycle is discussed. Different approaches to the EIA process in some countries are briefly reviewed, and especially the possibilities for public participation are discussed. A number of examples of EIA in Australia, Canada, France, Germany and Spain are characterised and compared. The comparison includes four kraft pulp mills and one paper mill, and the main features of each EIA are presented.
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Chambers, Paul GS, and Nuno MG Borralho. "A simple model to examine the impact of changes in wood traits on the costs of thermomechanical pulping and high-brightness newsprint production with radiata pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 1615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-127.

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A number of functions were investigated that related the costs of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and high-brightness newsprint production, using Pinus radiata D. Don, to important pulp and paper quality (breeding objective) variables, including specific energy consumption and pulp handsheet tear and tensile strength, brightness, and opacity. Pulp handsheet quality traits were considered to be reasonable two-dimensional predictors of paper quality traits in this context. A specific production process that requires the use of a reinforcement kraft pulp and an artificial clay filler to improve the quality of paper produced from the bleached TMP fibres was investigated, similar to the production process used by Australian Newspaper Mills' Boyer Mill in Tasmania, Australia. Pulp and pulp handsheet quality variables could be explained by significant (P > 0.05) wood traits using multiple linear regression equations. This provided a method to predict the economic importance of each wood trait in relation to the thermomechanical production process investigated. The results showed that tracheid length, wood density, wood brightness, and tracheid coarseness were the best predictors of costs. Increases in tracheid length, wood density, and wood brightness and decreases in tracheid coarseness resulted in decreasing the total costs of TMP and high-brightness newsprint production.
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Gifford, John S., and Paul N. McFarlane. "The Development of Environmental Control Legislation and Effluent Standards for Australasian Wood Processing Industries." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1991): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0460.

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The Australasian wood processing industry is poised for a substantial expansion over the next twenty years. Australia, which is presently an importer, is developing plans to become a net exporter of forest products,while New Zealand's wood supply is expected to double over this period. In both countries, the expansion of processing capacity will be required to occur in a sustainable and environmentally sound manner. For example, the Australian Federal government has developed environmental guidelines for new bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp mills,while the New Zealand government is presently enacting a comprehensive Resource Management Act. The implications of these developments for the Australasian wood processing industry is discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pulp mills Cleaning Australia"

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Djokotoe, Diana. "Burning emulsified sulfur to stabilize sodium compounds in a lime kiln." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30191.

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Weyerhaeuser's Paper Mill in Albany, Oregon has been experiencing frequent ring formation in the #3 rotary lime kiln. Rings form when lime mud (CaCO₃) or product lime (CaO) particles adheres to the walls of the lime kiln and become resistant to the abrasive action of the sliding motion of product lime particles (Notidis, 1994). Ring formation has resulted in frequent shut downs to remove (blast) the rings and caused a significant loss of productivity and revenue to the company. A careful analysis of the production process in the mill revealed that concentration of sodium was high and that of sulfur low in the lime mud. The high sodium was due to the low sulfur input to the kiln resulting in high sodium to sulfur ratio. The use of natural gas as a fuel source in the kiln partly causes low sulfur levels in the mud. This study examines the effects of burning emulsified sulfur in the #3 rotary lime kiln to reduce sodium enrichment in the solids, and examine its effect on kiln operation and SO₂ emissions from the #3 rotary lime kiln. A four day trial of burning emulsified sulfur to reduce sodium concentration in the #3 rotary lime kiln was planned. Tote bins of 70% solution of emulsified sulfur was fed into the #3 rotary lime kiln. The sulfur feed was controlled to ensure an excess of sulfur by observing the SO₂ concentration in the kiln stack and maintaining a concentration above 100 ppm corrected to 10% oxygen. The results show that while burning emulsified sulfur had no significant effect on kiln operation, it resulted in a high reduction of sodium in the dust caught in the electrostatic precipitator and an increase SO₂ emission from the stack. The reduction of sodium in the dust was 50%, which is an enrichment factor of 2. Although lime can effectively remove SO₂, the removal efficiency decreased from 96.0% to 73.0% when emulsified sulfur was burned in the #3 rotary lime kiln. The results of this trial are promising, since it demonstrates that burning emulsified sulfur significantly lowers the sodium enrichment in the kiln. The reduced levels of sodium can potentially lead to a reduction in ring formation in the #3 rotary lime kiln in the Albany Paper Mill.
Graduation date: 2004
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Books on the topic "Pulp mills Cleaning Australia"

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National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.). Technology Transfer and Support Division., ed. Technical approaches to characterizing and cleaning up brownfields sites: Pulp and paper mills : site profile. Cincinnati, OH: Technology Transfer and Support Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pulp mills Cleaning Australia"

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A˚mand, Lars-Erik, Bo Leckner, Solvie Herstad Sva¨rd, Marianne Gyllenhammar, David Eskilsson, and Claes Tullin. "Co-Combustion of Pulp- and Paper Sludge With Wood: Emissions of Nitrogen, Sulphur and Chlorine Compounds." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-097.

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Sludge from wastewater treatment plants in five Swedish pulp and paper mills has been burned together with wood in a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler. The sludge was either mechanically dewatered or pre-dried. The mechanically dewatered sludge had to be fed with a pump, but the pre-dried sludge could be fed by the fuel feed system normally used for coal, wood chips or wood pellets. In parallel to the combustion tests in the CFB boiler the sludges were also investigated as single fuels in a small laboratory FB. The Swedish pulp and paper industry produces three major fractions of sludge: pure fibre sludge, sludge produced by employing a precipitation species like ironaluminiumsulphate, and finally, sludge subjected to biological cleaning. The way of production of the sludge influences its content of, for example, nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine, but the composition of the sludge is also influenced by the pulp and paper process. The present measurements show that the concentrations of nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine in the sludge have a great impact on the corresponding gaseous emissions from combustion. Actions to prevent these emissions could be necessary, depending on the origin of the sludge and treatment process used. In the present project all sludges were burned with wood-pellets as the main fuel under identical operating conditions, typical for a CFB boiler. Wood pellets were chosen as a well defined, low-polluting fuel that makes comparison of emissions from the sludges clear. Co-combustion with wood-pellets has the advantage of enabling operation also with wet sludges that cannot be used as single fuels without pre-drying. No actions were taken to improve sulphur and chlorine retention, by for example adding limestone. From a combustion point of view the co-combustion works well with low levels of carbon monoxide present in the flue gas and no light hydrocarbons.
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