Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pulp

Academic literature on the topic 'Pulp'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Pulp"

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Possot, Odile M., Guillaume Vignon, Natalia Bomchil, Frank Ebel, and Anthony P. Pugsley. "Multiple Interactions between Pullulanase Secreton Components Involved in Stabilization and Cytoplasmic Membrane Association of PulE." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 2142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.8.2142-2152.2000.

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ABSTRACT We report attempts to analyze interactions between components of the pullulanase (Pul) secreton (type II secretion machinery) fromKlebsiella oxytoca encoded by a multiple-copy-number plasmid in Escherichia coli. Three of the 15 Pul proteins (B, H, and N) were found to be dispensable for pullulanase secretion. The following evidence leads us to propose that PulE, PulL, and PulM form a subcomplex with which PulC and PulG interact. The integral cytoplasmic membrane protein PulL prevented proteolysis and/or aggregation of PulE and mediated its association with the cytoplasmic membrane. The cytoplasmic, N-terminal domain of PulL interacted directly with PulE, and both PulC and PulM were required to prevent proteolysis of PulL. PulM and PulL could be cross-linked as a heterodimer whose formation in a strain producing the secreton required PulG. However, PulL and PulM produced alone could also be cross-linked in a 52-kDa complex, indicating that the secreton exerts subtle effects on the interaction between PulE and PulL. Antibodies against PulM coimmunoprecipitated PulL, PulC, and PulE from detergent-solubilized cell extracts, confirming the existence of a complex containing these four proteins. Overproduction of PulG, which blocks secretion, drastically reduced the cellular levels of PulC, PulE, PulL, and PulM as well as PulD (secretin), which probably interacts with PulC. The Pul secreton components E, F, G, I, J, K, L, and M could all be replaced by the corresponding components of the Out secretons of Erwinia chrysanthemi and Erwinia carotovora, showing that they do not play a role in secretory protein recognition and secretion specificity.
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2

Stankovská, Monika, Mária Fišerová, Juraj Gigac, and Elena Opálená. "EFFECT OF ADDITION OF DEINKED PULP TO BLEACHED KRAFT PULP ON TISSUE PAPER PROPERTIES." WOOD RESEARCH 66(3) 2021 66, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.3.505516.

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The influence of addition of deinked pulps with low and high brightness to bleached eucalyptus and pine kraft pulps on functional tissue paper properties was studied. Deinked pulps with low and high brightness had some different functional properties. Deinked pulp with high brightness has higher bulk, porosity, water absorption after immersion, initial water absorption, bulk softness as well as brightness. On the contrary, the difference in relative bonded area and porosity e between deinked pulps with low and high brightness was moderate. The mixed pulps laboratory pulp sheets from bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp or bleached pine kraft pulp with addition of 20, 40 and 80% of deinked pulp with low brightness or deinked pulp with high brightness were prepared. The addition of the deinked pulp with high or low brightness to bleached kraft pulp leads to increasing of bulk, bulk softness as well as high water absorption after immersion and initial water absorption. The tensile index rapidly decreased by the addition of deinked pulps with high brightness to bleached eucalyptus and pine kraft pulps. Similarly, the addition of deinked pulp with low brightness to bleached pine kraft pulp led to rapid decreasing of tensile index. On contrary, with the addition of deinked pulp with low brightness to eucalyptus kraft pulp, the decreasing of tensile index was less pronounced. Mixed pulp from bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp with a small content of deinked pulp with low brightness with functional properties suitable for production of tissue papers was found as optimal.
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Koray Gülsoy, Sezgin, and Saffet Uysal. "Effects of Recycled Fiber Fines on Hand Sheet Properties of Different Unbeaten and Beaten Pulps." Drvna industrija 71, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2020.1904.

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In this study, 5, 10, and 15 % secondary fines of recycled pulp were added to unbeaten and beaten (28 ºSR) samples of recycled pulp, Turkish Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) kraft pulp, and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) kraft pulp. The effects of the addition of fiber fines on hand sheets properties were evaluated. The addition of fiber fines to the unbeaten pulps improved the strength properties of hand sheets. The roughness of hand sheets was also decreased with the addition of fines. When fiber fines were added to the beaten pulps, the type of pulp strongly affected the paper strength properties. The strength properties of beaten pulps of Turkish Calabrian pine and European aspen were decreased with the addition of fiber fines, while the strength properties of beaten pulps of recycled pulp were increased. On the other hand, the air permeance of unbeaten and beaten samples was decreased with the addition of fiber fines. Consequently, the addition of fines to unbeaten and beaten pulps had a more pronounced effect on European aspen kraft pulp and recycled pulp than on Turkish Calabrian pine kraft pulp. Also, the strength of paper made of unbeaten recycled pulp with the addition of 15 % fines was higher than that of fines-free beaten recycled pulp.
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Jahan, M. Sarwar, and Sabina Rawshan. "Reinforcing potential of jute pulp with Trema orientalis (nalita) pulp." BioResources 4, no. 3 (May 6, 2009): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.4.3.921-931.

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Two morphologically different pulps, a long-fiber jute pulp from a soda-AQ process and a short-fiber Trema orientalis pulp from a kraft process, were evaluated and compared for their reinforcing potential. T. orientalis pulp needed less beating energy than jute pulp at the same drainage resistance. Addition of jute fiber pulp to the T. orientalis pulp increased tear strength. Sheet density of pulp blends was increased with the increase of beating degree of both pulps and the proportion of T. orientalis pulp. Tensile index and burst index of blended pulp were increased when the beating degree and proportion of T. orientalis pulp increased.
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Korpinen, Risto I., and Pedro E. Fardim. "Reinforcement potential of bleached sawdust kraft pulp in different mechanical pulp furnishes." BioResources 4, no. 4 (October 6, 2009): 1572–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.4.4.1572-1585.

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Bleached unrefined and refined sawdust kraft pulps were added to bleached Norway spruce thermomechanical (TMP) and pressurised groundwood (PWG) pulps in different proportions. Handsheets were prepared and tested for physical properties. In addition, economic calculations were done to estimate the production costs of different bleached pulps in Finland. It was found that the addition of unrefined and refined sawdust kraft pulp improved drainability of the mechanical pulps. Tear strength of PGW furnishes was increased when either unrefined or refined sawdust pulp was added. Tear strength of TMP furnishes was not influenced when different sawdust kraft pulps were added. Up to 30 % of unrefined sawdust kraft pulp could be added and no significant negative effect was observed in TMP and PGW furnishes. On the other hand, when refined sawdust kraft pulp was added into the mechanical pulp furnishes, a clear improvement in the tensile strength was observed. According to the economic calculation the production cost of bleached sawdust kraft pulp is almost as low as the production cost of bleached mechanical pulp. We suggest that economically viable sawdust kraft pulp can be used as a substituent for expensive long fibre reinforcement kraft pulp in the production of mechanical pulp based papers.
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Janzon, Ron, Jürgen Puls, and Bodo Saake. "Upgrading of paper-grade pulps to dissolving pulps by nitren extraction: Optimisation of extraction parameters and application to different pulps." Holzforschung 60, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.055.

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Abstract Xylans were selectively removed from paper-grade pulps by nitren extraction to produce dissolving pulps. Extraction parameters were optimised for a birch kraft pulp regarding time, temperature, liquor/pulp ratio, and total nitren charge. Furthermore, the applicability of the method was investigated for two other kraft pulps obtained from eucalyptus and mixed softwood, and for one beech sulfite pulp. Extracted pulps were characterised regarding their carbohydrate content and Cuen viscosity. The nitren charge was a decisive factor for xylan removal and pulp purity. The combination of a high nitren concentration and low liquor/pulp ratio was most effective for xylan removal. However, a high liquor/pulp ratio with a lower nitren concentration proved to be more selective and minimised cellulose degradation as well. Glucomannans were almost insoluble under the extraction conditions investigated. Therefore, softwood pulps were not suitable for the upgrading of chemical pulps to dissolving pulps by nitren extraction. On the other hand, hardwood pulps obtained by kraft and sulfite processes contained 96–97% cellulose after nitren extraction.
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Małachowska, Edyta, Marcin Dubowik, Aneta Lipkiewicz, Kamila Przybysz, and Piotr Przybysz. "Analysis of Cellulose Pulp Characteristics and Processing Parameters for Efficient Paper Production." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 7219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177219.

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For economic reasons, increasing the use of various fibrous pulps with high lignin contents—i.e., chemothermomechanical pulp (BCTMP and CTMP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and semichemical pulp—is desirable. The relatively good quality and increased efficiency of these pulps make them attractive paper semi-products. In particular, they could alleviate the severe shortage of paper semi-products. Although mechanical pulp and semichemical pulp are achieving increasing quality with substantially increased wood efficiency, their production is often characterised by high consumption of electricity to defibre chips or refine high-lignin-content fibrous pulps. Technological, environmental, and economic evaluations of the manufacture and application of increased efficiency cellulose pulps that take into account potential profits from increased cellulose pulp efficiency and losses due to energy costs and degradation in the properties of the resulting paper are relevant and essential to paper mills. This article reports such an analysis. The authors have analysed the usable properties of ten cellulose pulps with various degrees of digestion and identified the optimum pulp that yields the optimum product properties, considering the yield; pulp refining time, which determines the cost of paper manufacture; and strength properties of the obtained paper.
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XU, ERIC C., and YAJUN ZHOU. "Synergistic effects between chemical mechanical pulps and chemical pulps from hardwoods." November 2007 6, no. 11 (December 1, 2007): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj6.11.4.

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Chemical pulps and chemical mechanical pulps from different hardwoods were compared for intrinsic and other pulp properties. Comparisons were made separately and in combination with these two types of pulps. The results showed that hardwood chemical mechanical pulps, such as preconditioned refiner chemical alkaline per-oxide mechanical pulp (P-RC APMP), can be developed to be as strong as chemical pulps, and have higher tensile at the same density, or higher bulk at the same tensile, compared with the chemical pulps. When combining pulps from the two processes, addition of certain percentages of hardwood chemical mechanical pulps to chemical pulp improved pulp intrinsic properties, and the resulting pulp blends had higher fiber bonding strength (tensile and tensile energy absorption) than the sum of weighted contributions from the individual components. This synergistic effect between the chemical and the chemical mechanical pulps may be used to improve papermaking processes and their paper and paperboard products.
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Gülsoy, Sezgin Koray, Ülkü Burcu Gitti, and Ayhan Gençer. "Comparison of Soda, Kraft, and DES Pulp Properties of European Black Poplar." Drvna industrija 73, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2022.2112.

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Kraft pulping as the dominant pulping method contributes to several environmental problems. To overcome these problems, environmentally friendly pulping methods have been investigated. In the last years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been identified as up-and-coming reagents in the lignocellulosic material processing and they are characterized as environmentally friendly. This study investigated the use of DES in pulp production from European black poplar chips. The DES mixture was prepared from choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). In addition, traditional soda and kraft pulping methods were carried out with poplar chips for comparison with the DES pulps. It was found that pulp production from poplar chips using DES was comparable to the soda and kraft pulps in terms of pulp yield, pulp viscosity, and opacity. The DES pulps easily reached target pulp freeness levels. However, the strength properties and brightness of the DES pulps were lower than those of the soda and kraft pulps. The strength properties of DES pulps can be improved with paper strength enhancers such as starch and micro or nanofibrillated cellulose. Also, the utilization of DES in pulp production may have an important role in cleaner production and it represents a greener alternative to traditional pulp production methods.
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POTUCEK, FRANTIŠEK, MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN, and JOZEF MIKLÍK. "DISPLACEMENT WASHING OF KRAFT PULP WITH VARIOUS CONSISTENCY." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 54, no. 9-10 (November 11, 2020): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2020.54.91.

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The paper deals with the displacement washing of kraft softwood and hardwood pulps with various consistency of the pulp fibre bed. The results obtained revealed differences between the two types of kraft pulp with various morphological properties of fibres. The washing efficiency decreased with decreasing Péclet number for both kraft pulps, but, due to lower longitudinal dispersion of the wash liquid, greater washing efficiency was achieved for the short-fibred hardwood pulp. On the other hand, the long-fibred softwood pulp exhibited lower hydraulic resistance of the pulp fibre bed. The change in pulp consistency and, similarly, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, characterising the rate of leaching of alkali lignin from pulp fibres, did not have a significant effect on the washing efficiency. However, the mass transfer coefficient decreased with increasing specific resistance of the pulp bed. With increasing bed consistency of both softwood and hardwood pulps, as the amount of black liquor in the inter-fibre pores decreased, the difference between the space time, characterising the holding time of wash liquid, and the mean residence time of alkali lignin increased.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pulp"

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Kuhn, Reinaldo. "On site measurements of kraft pulp pump system efficiency." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/656.

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With increasing energy costs and competitive pressures, interest has increased in surveying installed pumps for potential energy savings. Field pump efficiency tests are required to assess pumping performance and help to identify improvement opportunities. This work concerns the on-site measurements of pulp-suspension pumping efficiency. This involves the measurement of pump head, flow rate and power consumption. Provided that consistent flow measurements are available, it is possible to reliably and non-invasively measure actual pump system efficiencies in pulp suspension flow, with a minimum process disturbance. As part of a most appropriate measurement-procedure study, four portable nonintrusive flow meters were evaluated on site for pulp suspension flow. The Fast Fourier Transform Doppler was found to be the most suitable for a pulp mill pump survey. Efficiency measurements were performed on six pump systems with motors between 100 and 700 HP. It is shown that as-installed pump efficiency can be used to help predict the degradation of the pump and also its effect on the pumping system’s operation. A system approach analysis was performed in each case, which can be effective in assessing system performance and finding potential enhancements. The use of variable speed drives allows the operating point to move along the system curve, requiring less energy to drive the pump. VSD of larger motors are expensive and their profitability compared to other modification alternatives should always be carefully checked by calculations based on accurate on site measurements and life cycle costs. Finally, in this survey of six pump systems, significant potential savings of around 30% of present power consumption were found.
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Flores, Basauri Shirley Pilar, Cavero Diana Andrea Rivera, Vásquez Roxana Vanessa Romero, and Lefoncio Jesús Kiler Vaca. "Coffee Pulp." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621819.

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El Perú es uno de los principales productores de café de gran calidad en Sudamérica, actualmente cuenta con cuatro ciudades de mayor producción, entre ellos encontramos: Junín, Amazonas, Cajamarca y San Martín. Asimismo, a lo largo del tiempo el grano de café es lo que más se ha valorado, dejando de lado a su cascara, como un simple desperdicio y obviando su importante valor nutricional. Coffee Pulp, es una harina elaborada en base a la cascara de café. Se caracteriza por ser un producto saludable y especialmente libre de gluten (proteína que se encuentra en alimentos procesados del trigo). Esta nueva propuesta busca mejorar la calidad de vida de nuestros clientes, ofreciendo diferentes beneficios nutritivos. Su proceso de producción se realizará con la más alta calidad desde el proceso de selección de sus principales proveedores, excelentes condiciones de almacenamiento, hasta el empaquetado que permite conservar todos los beneficios, el sabor y la frescura. Nuestra propuesta surge de la apreciación de un nicho de mercado insatisfecho, debido a la necesidad existente en el consumo de productos saludables y libres de gluten en el Perú. Además, cada vez aumenta más la tendencia del cuidado de salud en el ámbito alimenticio, algo que actualmente toma mayor relevancia en nuestro país. Nuestro público objetivo son personas que se inclinan por mantener una alimentación saludable, o en especial aquellas personas que son intolerantes o sensibles al gluten, cuyo estilo de vida corresponde a la de los sofisticados, perteneciendo al NSE A y B que comprende los distritos de San Isidro, Miraflores, San Borja, Surco, La Molina, Jesús María, Lince, Pueblo Libre, Magdalena y San Miguel y cuyas edades comprenden entre los 25 a 54 años. A través del plan de actividades estratégicas y de marketing diseñadas para nuestro producto, aplicaremos la estrategia de diferenciación, buscando crear ante nuestros clientes una percepción de producto único y diferente en el mercado, provocando así una mayor lealtad a la marca. Pues de esta manera, nace nuestro proyecto, planteándonos en atender un público objetivo innovador en el consumo de alimentos saludables, a quienes les gusta seguir tendencias y son asiduos consumidores de productos “light”. En el presente trabajo mostramos a detalle cada análisis con sus respectivos resultados, que durante todo el ciclo se vino desarrollando con la finalidad de lograr la mayor rentabilidad y viabilidad del proyecto, siguiendo los consejos y recomendaciones de nuestros asesores del curso de Proyecto Empresarial. En cuanto al análisis financiero, se espera en el tercer año obtener una utilidad neta de S/ 126,185 Las ventas crecerán progresivamente año tras año en un 20%. La inversión requerida es de S/ 70,379 monto que será financiado el 30% y el 70% será aporte de los propios accionistas. El VAN FCLD calculado es de 246,405 con una TIR de 63%. Asimismo, los inversionistas obtienen un VAN de S/ 241,263 con un nivel de inversión de S/ 49,265 y una TIR de 67 %. Y por último el periodo de retorno de la inversión es de 2 años y medio. Todos estos resultados de rentabilidad mencionados sobre el capital invertido hacen viable el proyecto.
Perú is one of the main high quality coffee producers in South America. Currently, there are four cities of vast production, amongst them we find: Junín, Amazonas, Cajamarca and San Martín. Likewise, along the time, the coffee bean is the most valued, leaving aside its husk, as a simple waste and obviating its important nutritional value. Coffee Pulp is flour made based on coffee husk. It is characterized by being a healthy product and especially free of gluten (protein that is in processed foods of the wheat). This new proposal seeks to improve the quality of life of our customers, offering different nutritional benefits. Its production process will be carried out with the highest quality since the selection process of its main suppliers, excellent conditions of storage, until the packaging that allows to preserve all benefits, flavour and freshness. Our proposal arises from the appreciation of an unsatisfied market niche, due to the existing need in the consumption of healthy and gluten-free products in Peru. Additionally, at present more are the people who prefer to eat healthy in our country. Our target audience is people who are inclined to maintain a healthy diet, or especially those people who are intolerant or sensitive to gluten, whose lifestyle corresponds to the sophisticated, belonging to the NSE A and B comprising the districts of San Isidro, Miraflores, San Borja, Surco, La Molina, Jesus Maria, Lince, Pueblo Libre, Magdalena and San Miguel and whose ages are between 25 and 54 years old. Through the plan of strategic and marketing activities designed for our product, we will apply the strategy of differentiation, seeking to create in our customers a perception of unique and different product in the market, in order to create a greater loyalty with the brand. In this way, our project was born, focusing on serving an innovative target audience in the consumption of healthy foods, who like to follow trends and are regular consumers of "light" products. In the present work we show each analysis with its respective results in detail. During the whole cycle, it was developed with the purpose of achieving the highest profitability and viability of the project, following the advice and recommendations of our consultants of the Business Project course. Regarding the financial analysis, it is expected to obtain a net profit of S/ 126,185 in the third year. Sales will grow 20% progressively year by year. The required investment is S/ 70,379 and this will be financed 30% by a finantial institution and 70% will be contributed by the shareholders. The calculated FCAN VNA is 246,405 with a TIR 63%. Similarly, investors obtain a VNA of S/ 241,263 with an investment level of S/ 49,265 and a TIR 67%. Finally, the return period of the investment is two and half years. All of these profitability results mentioned on the invested capital make the project feasible.
Trabajo de Investigación
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3

Bennington, Chad Patrick Joseph. "Mixing pulp suspensions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28622.

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Initiation and maintenance of motion within a pulp suspension is necessary for effective mixing. This requires imposition of forces greater than the network strength and depends on suspension rheology once motion begins. As pulp suspensions display non-Newtonian and solid-like behaviour, studies were conducted using profiled rotors which imposed stress within the body of suspensions contained in cylindrical devices. A concentric cylinder device capable of high torques (85 N-m) and high rotational speeds (524 rad/s) was built to study pulp suspension dynamic behaviour. Most work used a profiled rotor 0.1 m in diameter with baffled housings 0.13 and 0.22 m in diamter. The yield stress of low consistency pulp suspensions were measured with a Haake RV12 Ro-tovisco concentric cylinder viscometer. Semi-bleached kraft pulp was used throughout the study. Some tests were made with stone groundwood and thermomechanical pulps. Yield stress measurements were made for nylon and Spectra-900 fibre suspensions. The yield stress of pulp suspensions, ty, have been measured and correlated with mass concentration (Cm) and volumetric concentration (Cv) over the range 0.4 ≤ Cm(%) ≤ 33. It was found that because of increasing gas content that correlations developed using the mass concentration were inaccurate above approximately 20% Cm. Correlations developed using the volumetric concentration were accurate over the full range tested. For a West-Coast semi-bleached kraft pulp, ty(Pa) = 1.40CV(%)²ֹ⁷². Once rotor motion was initiated, pulp suspensions exhibited two distinct regimes of behaviour. The first was a tangential-cavity regime in which predominantly tangential motion grew to fill the chamber as shear rate increased. When motion reached the outer housing wall a flow transition occurred, likely triggered by flow interaction with the housing baffles. The subsequent post-transition regime was characterized by radial and axial flow that effectively mixed the suspension on both the macroscale and fibre-scale. The flow transition appeared to be what earlier workers reported as the onset of "fluidization". During tangential-cavity flow, phase segregation occurred. Gas present in the suspension collected around the rotor and reduced momentum transfer from the rotor to the suspension. This caused the torque for the pulp suspension to fall below that for water at the same rotational speed, and the cessation of flow development in the chamber. If sufficient momentum transfer was attained to initiate post-transition flow, the chamber contents became effectively mixed. The torque could still fall below that of water depending on the effective density of the suspension in the rotor vicinity.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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4

Dou, Xiaoli. "Elucidating the pulp properties that influence the ability of enzymes to facilitate the conversion of hardwood Kraft pulp to dissolving-grade pulps." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60229.

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Dissolving pulp is characterized by its high cellulose/low hemicellulose content, minor amounts of residual lignin/extractives, high brightness and a uniform molecular weight distribution. Dissolving pulp can be produced through acid sulfite cooking or alkaline Kraft cooking. However, due to issues with chemical recovery and pollution, the predominant pulping process has globally shifted to the Kraft process. Kraft pulps retain hemicellulose and high molecular weight cellulose, which are undesirable for dissolving pulps. Therefore, steps such as prehydrolysis (PHK) and cold caustic extraction (CCE) aimed at removing hemicellulose and decreasing cellulose molecular weight are typically employed. However, these processes are chemically intensive, non-specific and pose operational challenges for mills. The use of enzymes (hemicellulases and cellulases) is one potential alternative to chemical methods of facilitating mill conversion due to the high specificity of enzymes and their ability to function under more benign conditions. Initially, xylanase and oxalic acid treatments were assessed for their potential to convert Kraft-to-dissolving pulp. It was apparent that the accessibility of hemicellulose and cellulose to chemical or enzymatic reagents was critical. Compared to oxalic acid, enzymes were more specific in removing hemicellulose while boosting cellulose reactivity. Model substrates, varying in their hemicellulose accessibility and cellulose properties, were used to assess the influence of various pulp characteristics on enzymatic pulp modification. The influence of pulp characteristics imparted by PHK and CCE on the ease of enzymatic modification was also assessed. It appeared that CCE negatively impacted the accessibility of hemicellulose due to the solubilisation of low molecular weight carbohydrates fragments which acted as “spacers” between cellulose microfibrils, preventing fibril aggregation. Lowering the acidity of the prehydrolysis or the alkalinity of Kraft pulping conditions increased the ease of enzymatic removal of the hemicellulose, presumably by increasing hemicellulose accessibility. Separating the fibres into various size fractions indicated that the shorter fibres within the Kraft pulp were more susceptible to enzymatic modification, likely due to their increased porosity. It was apparent that Kraft pulping conditions played a significant role in governing enzyme accessibility to the various pulp carbohydrates and thus the potential of using enzymes to enhance dissolving pulp production and properties.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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5

Spender, Jonathan. "Photostabilization of High-Yield Pulps Reaction of Thiols and Quinones with Pulp." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SpenderJ2001.pdf.

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Cadete, Sonia Marisa Silva. "Enzymatic upgrading of eucalypt paper-grade kraft pulp within dissolving pulp production." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16089.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia - Biotecnologia Industrial e Ambiental
Dissolving-grade pulps are commonly used for the production of cellulose derivatives and regenerated cellulose. High cellulose content, low content of non-cellulosic material, high brightness, a uniform molecular weight distribution and high cellulose reactivity are the key features that determine the quality of a dissolving pulp. The first part of this work was an optimization study regarding the application of selected enzymes in different stages of a new purification process recently developed in Novozymes for purifying an eucalypt Kraft pulp into dissolving pulp, as an alternative to the pre-hydrolysis kraft (PHK) process. In addition, a viscosity reduction was achieved by cellulase (endoglucanase) treatment in the beginning of the sequence, while the GH11 and GH10 xylanases contributed to boost the brightness of the final pulp. The second part of the work aimed at exploring different auxiliary enzyme activities together with a key xylanase towards further removal of recalcitrant hemicelluloses from a partially bleached Eucalypt Kraft pulp. The resistant fraction (ca. 6% xylan in pulp) was not hydrolysable by the different combinations of enzymes tested. Production of a dissolving pulp was successful when using a cold caustic extraction (CCE) stage in the end of the sequence O-X-DHCE-X-HCE-D-CCE. The application of enzymes improved process efficiency. The main requirements for the production of a dissolving pulp (suitable for viscose making) were fulfilled: 2,7% residual xylan, 92,4% of brightness, a viscosity within the values of a commercial dissolving pulp and increased reactivity.
Pastas solúveis são normalmente usadas para a produção de derivativos de celulose e celulose regenerada. Alguns dos parâmetros que determinam a qualidade de uma pasta solúvel são: um elevado teor de celulose, baixo teor de material nãocelulósico, elevada brancura, uma distribuição uniforme de pesos moleculares e elevada reactividade da celulose. Na primeira parte deste trabalho, fez-se um estudo de optimização aplicando enzimas, previamente seleccionadas, em diferentes fases de um novo processo de purificação desenvolvido na Novozymes da pasta de eucalipto Kraft em celulose solúvel, como uma alternativa ao processo convencional de pré-hidrólise kraft. Além da purificação, a aplicação de celulases (endoglucanase) no início da sequência possibilitou uma diminuição da viscosidade, enquanto que a aplicação de xilanases das famílias GH11 e GH10 contribuíram também para o aumento da brancura da pasta final. A segunda parte deste trabalho teve como objectivo explorar várias actividades enzimáticas auxiliares conjuntamente com a melhor GH11 xilanase identifcada, de modo a promover a remoção das hemiceluloses mais recalciterantes de uma pasta Kraft de Eucalipto parcialmente branqueada. Todas as combinações das enzimas testadas resultaram numa fracção resistente de xilana residual (ca. 6% na pasta) que não foi possível hidrolisar. A produção de uma pasta solúvel foi possível usando um estágio de extracção alkalino a frio (CCE) no fim de uma sequência composta pelos seguintes estágios: O-X-D-HCE-X-HCE-D-CCE. A aplicação de enzimas melhorou a eficiencia do processo. Com esta sequência,os principais requisitos para a produção de uma pasta solúvel (adequada para producao de viscose) foram cumpridos: 2,7% de xilana residual, 92,4% de brancura, uma viscosidade dentro dos valores de uma pasta solúvel comercial e elevada reactividade.
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Dyhr, Kurt. "Zeolites in pulp bleaching." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26600.

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Tang, Wei. "Chemimechanical pulp from reed." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1992. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5368/1/000597745.pdf.

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Dissanayaka, Waruna Lakmal. "Synergistic effects of dental pulp stem cells and endothelial cells in pulp regeneration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197085.

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Regeneration of the tissues to replace diseased, missing and traumatized dentin/pulp requires combining the recent progress in stem cell and tissue engineering research. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered as a promising population of cells in regenerative dentistry and shown to be able to produce dentin/pulp-like tissues following implantation in-vivo. Securing a good blood supply is critical in pulp regeneration, however, this is a challenging task due to the unique structure of the tooth, the anatomy of which permits only a microcirculatory system via a very small apical opening (<0.3-1mm). This limitation raises the need to develop novel methods to enhance angiogenesis during pulp regeneration. It was shown that DPSCs reside in the microvasculature region of the dental pulp and interact with perivascular cells. Therefore, endothelial cells could be a major source of modulators of pulp-dentin development and angiogenesis. If a pulp tissue substitute with pre-formed endothelial network could be engineered in-vitro, it would not only gain rapid anastomosis with host vasculature but also regulate DPSC function in pulp regeneration. In this study, for the first time, synergistic effects of DPSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on osteo/odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis were investigated using two-dimensional and three-dimensional direct co-culture systems. Furthermore, the potential of three-dimensional DPSC constructs prevascularized with HUVECs in dental pulp regeneration in-vivo was exmined. HUVECs promoted odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs in direct two-dimensional co-cultures in-vitro. Further, addition of DPSCs stabilized the pre-existing vessel-like structures formed by HUVECs and increased the longevity of these structures on matrigel in-vitro. Using two different systems, scaffold-free self-assembling microtissue spheroids and peptide hydrogel scaffold, the interactions of DPSCs and HUVECs in three-dimensional cultures were investigated. The results demonstrated that DPSCs can self assemble into three-dimensional microtissue spheroids when cultured alone or with HUVECs. DPSCs promoted survival and vascular structure formation by HUVECs both in scaffold-free microtissue spheroids and peptide hydrogel scaffold. In contrast, HUVECs, when cultured alone, neither formed vascular structures nor survived in either of the 3D systems. The latter phenomenon was attributable to vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by DPSCs, a major factor responsible for endothelial function. Co-cultures also showed enhanced odonto/osteogenic differentiation in both three-dimensional microtissue spheroid and peptide hydrogel scaffold systems. Following implantation of tooth-root fragments filled with three-dimensional DPSC constructs into the subcutaneous space of immunodefficient mice, vascularised pulp-like tissue was regenerated within the root canals. Compared to DPSC-only group, DPSC/HUVEC co-culture groups showed higher vascularisation, extracellular matrix formation and mineralization in regenerated tissue. More importantly, HUVEC-lined vascular lumens were observed in regenerated tissues suggesting the successful integration of in-vitro formed pre-vascular structures to the host vasculature. In summary, the findings suggest that DPSCs and HUVECs display significant synergy during odonto/osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis when co-cultured either in two-dimensional or three-dimensional culture systems. Unravelling these fundamental behavioural patterns of DPSCs provides novel insights into the process of pulp regeneration, leading to new avenues for more effective therapies in regenerative endodontics.
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Dentistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Killough, Simon Anthony. "The role of the pulp fibroblast in neurogenic inflammation of human dental pulp." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2007. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-the-pulp-fibroblast-in-neurogenic-inflammation-of-human-dental-pulp(44f7b320-7369-4dca-8447-c35b11e629b4).html.

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Dental pulp inflamm'ation has major clinical significance. Recent research has suggested that the fibroblast has a role as driver of the inflammatory response. The term 'neurogenic inflammation' describes the contribution of the nervous system to local inflammatory responses and is thought to play an active and dynamic role in modulating pulpal inflammation. The function of the dental pulp fibroblast in the regulation of the neurogenic response to inflammation is unknown. This thesis presents a series of experimental studies investigating the role of the fibroblast in this aspect of inflammation. Cultured human dental' pulp fibroblasts populations were used in this study using a variety of in vitro techniques. The first part of the thesis involved the detection of substance P (SP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors, NK-I and NPY-YI respectively. Results demonstrated the expression of these receptors in pulp fibroblasts both at the mRNA and protein levels and their expression levels were regulated by cytokines and neuropeptides. The second part investigated the production of neuropeptides by pulp fibroblasts lnd results showed SP expression both at the mRNA and protein levels. Tissue levels of SP and NPY were quantified and compared in healthy and carious pulps, sho~ing increased expression during dental caries. The final section examined the responsiveness of pulp fibroblasts to SP and NPY. It was shown that pulp fibroblasts increased in proliferation in response to SP and had the ability to differentiate into odontoblasts. Furthermore, pulp fibroblasts expressed osteoprotegerin (OPO) and receptor activator of nuclear factor KB ligand (RANKL) indicating a role in 'clastic' activity. The present work demonstrated a potential role of the dental pulp fibroblast in the neurogenic inflammatory response with respect to SP and NPY, leading to a clearer understanding of their role in inflammation.
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Books on the topic "Pulp"

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Isabelle, L., Luks-Osterwalder Judith, Gavranić Cynthia, Schuler Christoph, Cagnard Hélène, and Kuhn Dieter, eds. Pulp. Biel-Bienne: Edition Clandestin, 2004.

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Fairbanks, Tasha. Pulp. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic, 1996.

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Pulp. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.

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Duris, Romain. Pulp. Paris: Textuel, 2017.

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Bukowski, Charles. Pulp. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1994.

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Hancock, Tommy. Asian pulp. Batesville, AR: Pro Se Productions, 2015.

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Technicolour Pulp. Cheshire: Ringpull press, 1994.

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Kennedy, Jae, and Paul Bailin. Pulp & paper. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1997.

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Roche, Thomas S. Pulp friction. New York, N.Y: Masquerade Books, 1997.

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Pulp friction. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pulp"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Pulp." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 596. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9604.

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Min, Byung-Moo. "Pulp." In Oral Biochemistry, 53–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3596-3_4.

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Deal, Raoul. "Pulp, Pull, Press, and Print." In The Art and Art Therapy of Papermaking, 30–44. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003216261-4.

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Dimitrova-Nakov, Sasha, and Michel Goldberg. "Pulp Development." In The Dental Pulp, 3–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55160-4_1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Sulfate Pulp." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 711. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11386.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Sulfite Pulp." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 711. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11392.

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Isenberg, Noah. "Pulp Fictions." In Detour, 22–37. London: British Film Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92218-5_2.

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"Pulp." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 800. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_9425.

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Chatterjee, Kabita. "Pulp." In Essentials of Oral Histology, 83. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10289_7.

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Chatterjee, Kabita. "Pulp." In Essentials of Dental Anatomy and Oral Histology, 193. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12383_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pulp"

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Medlar, Alan, Kalle Ilves, Ping Wang, Wray Buntine, and Dorota Glowacka. "PULP." In SIGIR '16: The 39th International ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2911451.2911455.

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Montagna, Fabio, Abbas Rahimi, Simone Benatti, Davide Rossi, and Luca Benini. "PULP-HD." In DAC '18: The 55th Annual Design Automation Conference 2018. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3195970.3196096.

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Goguey, Alix, Deepak Ranjan Sahoo, Simon Robinson, Jennifer Pearson, and Matt Jones. "Pulp Friction." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300871.

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Zhang, Yang, and Chris Harrison. "Pulp Nonfiction." In CHI '18: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173691.

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Ulbricht, Markus, Yvan Tortorella, Michael Rogenmoser, Li Lu, Junchao Chen, Francesco Conti, Milos Krstic, and Luca Benini. "PULP Fiction No More—Dependable PULP Systems for Space." In 2023 IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ets56758.2023.10174164.

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Oksanen, Nicholas, Katsuhiro Kobayashi, and Tsutomu Naito. "Characterization of Deinked Pulp for Newsprint." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.2.1295.

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Mill-made deinked pulp fibres for news print were compared with virgin single pulps in terms of pulp properties. The results showed that fundamental fibre properties ,which had been proposed by many researchers, were useful for the characterization of deinked pulp, provided their fractions were compared. Possible reason for this is that fractionation sorts the fibres, and in this way helps to characterize the complicated fibre composition of deinked pulp. Notable characteristics of long fibres of deinked pulp seemed to be fibre coarseness , wet fibre flexibility and curl or kink as well as fibre swelling. These results suggested that the characterization of mill-made deinked pulps with these fibre properties should be carried out by taking the fibre types into account. For this reason, a new method for the determination of fibre composition has been proposed. It provides good results within a certain range of pulps, but further studies are required to devise a more sophisticated method.
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Coelho, Marcelo, Lyndl Hall, Joanna Berzowska, and Pattie Maes. "Pulp-based computing." In the 27th international conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1520340.1520525.

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Johnson, Teiko M. "Citrus Pulp Recovery." In ASME 1987 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1987-3301.

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The growing interest in citrus pulp, or frozen, stabilized juice sacs, stems from the rapid influx of high quality citrus juices and juice added beverages into the market. Juice sacs have been recovered for many years and it has not been until the past few years that this practice evolved into a sophisticated technology. Paper published with permission.
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Roux, Jean-Claude. "Pulp Treatment Processes." In The Science of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2001.1.19.

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The repulping, refining and hot dispersing processes are considered in this first part “Pulp Treatment Processes” of the review paper about “Stock Preparation”, which focuses on the process engineering aspects of the unit operations used in the production of virgin and recycled pulps. Chemical and physical-chemical aspects are beyond the scope of this paper, as are pulp dilution, transport and storage. The pulp treatment processes refer to the unit operations aim- ing at altering and/or upgrading the fibrous raw material and associated solid materials and contraries (inks and various contaminants). They include re-pulping or disintegration, refining or beating, hot dispersing and mixing. Pulp disintegration has curiously never been of great interest to the paper science community, and hence remains an area of investigation where quite substantial benefits could be gained through reductions in energy consumption. Some new approaches will be presented that get round the difficult concept of pulp apparent viscosity, which is really an aspect of rheology. One of the main operations in stock preparation is obviously pulp. While the effects of refining on fibres have been extensively studied in the past, its engineering parameters have not. For example, we do not yet know how to extrapolate refining results from the pilot to the industrial scale. It is even difficult to compare the effects of conical and disc refiners on the same pulp. It seems that only an integrated approach can improve our understanding of this process; one such will be proposed, building on fundamental engineering principles. Then, the paper goes on to consider hot dispersion, an important process step in the field of paper recycling and deinking, to complete the effects of pulping and/or refining in terms of ink detachment, alteration of contaminants and fibre conformability. Hot dispersion is generally combined with bleaching because of the high temperature, consistency and mixing effect.
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Pelton, Robert, Hongfeng Zhang, Xiao Wu, Jose Moran-Mirabal, Paul Bicho, Erin A. S. Doherty, Richard J. Riehle, and Sachin Borkar. "Highly Carboxylated Pulps – A New Approach." In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research. Pulp & Paper Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2022.1.13.

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The export of market kraft pulp is a significant part of the Canadian forest products industry. Although northern softwood kraft pulps are premium products in the international pulp marketplace, there is interest in producing truly specialty pulps whose properties extend beyond the physical and chemical property boundaries of current pulping and bleaching operations. Whereas the pulping and bleaching literature has for decades focused on improving pulp properties, we know of only a few examples of post-bleaching fiber modification in pulp mills. Instead, the pulp producers leave it to papermakers to tune paper properties with chemical additives in the papermaking processes. Most papermill fiber chemical treatments including sizing additives, dry strength resins, and wet strength resins, involve interactions with the exterior surfaces of pulp fibers. We propose that market pulp mills producing dry, or nearly dry, pulp offer a unique opportunity to influence fiber surface properties by fixing reactive polymers onto fiber surfaces when the pulp is heated on pulp drying machines. The objective of the work described herein was to develop new approaches to modify pulp fiber surfaces at the end of the pulp mill bleaching processes through polymer grafting. This contribution covers the highlights of recent publications [1-4].
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Reports on the topic "Pulp"

1

Durbak, Irene. Dissolving pulp industry : market trends. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-77.

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Author, Not Given. New industrial heat pump applications to an integrated thermomechanical pulp and paper mill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5497511.

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Giles, GE. Wood Pulp Digetster Wall Corrosion Investigation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885730.

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Martin Hubbe, Richard Venditti, and John Heitmann. Preventing Strength Loss of Unbleached Kraft Pulp. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810827.

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none,. Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Bandwidth Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218635.

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Smith, Brett R., Robert W. Rice, and Peter J. Ince. Pulp capacity in the United States, 2000. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-139.

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Cooper, Connor, Zhongyu Mou, and Jerry Parks. Molecular Modeling to Increase Kraft Pulp Yield. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2229239.

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Keiser, J. R., and J. P. Gorog. Advanced Modeling and Materials in Kraft Pulp Mills. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940381.

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Morkun, Volodymyr, Natalia Morkun, Andrii Pikilnyak, Serhii Semerikov, Oleksandra Serdiuk, and Irina Gaponenko. The Cyber-Physical System for Increasing the Efficiency of the Iron Ore Desliming Process. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4373.

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It is proposed to carry out the spatial effect of high-energy ultrasound dynamic effects with controlled characteristics on the solid phase particles of the ore pulp in the deslimer input product to increase the efficiency of thickening and desliming processes of iron ore beneficiation products. The above allows predicting the characteristics of particle gravitational sedimentation based on an assessment of the spatial dynamics of pulp solid- phase particles under the controlled action of high-energy ultrasound and fuzzy logical inference. The object of study is the assessment of the characteristics and the process of control the operations of thickening and deslaming of iron ore beneficiation products in the conditions of the technological line of the ore beneficiation plant. The subject of study is a cyber-physical system based on the use of high-energy ultrasound radiation pressure effects on iron-containing beneficiation products in the technological processes of thickening and desliming. The working hypothesis of the project is that there is a relationship between the physical-mechanical and chemical-mineralogical characteristics of the iron ore pulp solid- phase particles and their behavior in technological flows under the influence of controlled ultrasonic radiation, based on which the imitation modeling of the gravitational sedimentation process of the iron ore pulp solid-phase particles can be performed directly in the technological process. Also, the optimal control actions concerning the processes of thickening and desliming can be determined.
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Starkey, Yvonne, Reijo Salminen, and Andy Karlsnes. Final Technical Report Steam Cycle Washer for Unbleached Pulp. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/937487.

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