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Journal articles on the topic 'Pulmonary Biomechanics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 April 2025

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1

Karzilov, A. I. "The respiratory system biomechanical homeostasis and its maintenance mechanisms in normal conditions and at obstructive pulmonary diseases." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2007): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2007-1-13-38.

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Parameters of breathing biomechanics in healthy persons (n = 20), patients with bronchial asthma (n = 30) and chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (n = 30) are analyzed during electrical stimulation of the diaphragm. Methodology of homeostatic parame-ters searching and their classification is offered. Descriptive and comparative analyses are performed. Homeostatic parameters of biomechanics describing the condition of elastic and non -elastic properties of respiratory system, of respiratory muscles, of general pulmonary hysteresis, breathing regulation are differentiated. Basic homeostatic parameter is the ratio of inspiratory capacity to the lungs elastic recoil. The model of lungs with the biomechanical buffer and retractive-elastic- surfactant complex of lungs is offered. Biomechanical homeostasis idea of respiratory system as ability of an organism to support in dynamics balance normal and patho-logical conditions essentially important for preservation of respiratory system biomechanical parameters in admissible limits is for-mulated.

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2

Nappi, Francesco, and Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh. "Biomechanics of Pulmonary Autograft as Living Tissue: A Systematic Review." Bioengineering 9, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090456.

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Introduction: The choice of valve substitute for aortic valve surgery is tailored to the patient with specific indications and contraindications to consider. The use of an autologous pulmonary artery (PA) with a simultaneous homograft in the pulmonary position is called a Ross procedure. It permits somatic growth and the avoidance of lifelong anticoagulation. Concerns remain on the functionality of a pulmonary autograft in the aortic position when exposed to systemic pressure. Methods: A literature review was performed incorporating the following databases: Pub Med (1996 to present), Ovid Medline (1958 to present), and Ovid Embase (1982 to present), which was run on 1 January 2022 with the following targeted words: biomechanics of pulmonary autograft, biomechanics of Ross operation, aortic valve replacement and pulmonary autograph, aortic valve replacement and Ross procedure. To address the issues with heterogeneity, studies involving the pediatric cohort were also analyzed separately. The outcomes measured were early- and late-graft failure alongside mortality. Results: a total of 8468 patients were included based on 40 studies (7796 in pediatric cohort and young adult series and 672 in pediatric series). There was considerable experience accumulated by various institutions around the world. Late rates of biomechanical failure and mortality were low and comparable to the general population. The biomechanical properties of the PA were superior to other valve substitutes. Mathematical and finite element analysis studies have shown the potential stress-shielding effects of the PA root. Conclusion: The Ross procedure has excellent durability and longevity in clinical and biomechanical studies. The use of external reinforcements such as semi-resorbable scaffolds may further extend their longevity.

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3

Chesler, Naomi C., John Thompson-Figueroa and, and Ken Millburne. "Measurements of Mouse Pulmonary Artery Biomechanics." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 126, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1695578.

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Background: Robust techniques for characterizing the biomechanical properties of mouse pulmonary arteries will permit exciting gene-level hypotheses regarding pulmonary vascular disease to be tested in genetically engineered animals. In this paper, we present the first measurements of the biomechanical properties of mouse pulmonary arteries. Method of Approach: In an isolated vessel perfusion system, transmural pressure, internal diameter and wall thickness were measured during inflation and deflation of mouse pulmonary arteries over low (5–40 mmHg) and high (10–120 mmHg) pressure ranges representing physiological pressures in the pulmonary and systemic circulations, respectively. Results: During inflation, circumferential stress versus strain showed the nonlinear “J”-shape typical of arteries. Hudetz’s incremental elastic modulus ranged from 27±13kPan=7 during low-pressure inflation to 2,700±1,700kPan=9 during high-pressure inflation. The low and high-pressure testing protocols yielded quantitatively indistinguishable stress-strain and modulus-strain results. Histology performed to assess the state of the tissue after mechanical testing showed intact medial and adventitial architecture with some loss of endothelium, suggesting that smooth muscle cell contractile strength could also be measured with these techniques. Conclusions: The measurement techniques described demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying mouse pulmonary artery biomechanical properties. Stress-strain behavior and incremental modulus values are presented for normal, healthy arteries over a wide pressure range. These techniques will be useful for investigations into biomechanical abnormalities in pulmonary vascular disease.

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Mookhoek, Aart, Kapil Krishnan, Sam Chitsaz, Heide Kuang, Liang Ge, Paul H. Schoof, Ad J. J. C. Bogers, Johanna J. M. Takkenberg, and Elaine E. Tseng. "Biomechanics of Failed Pulmonary Autografts Compared With Normal Pulmonary Roots." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 102, no. 6 (December 2016): 1996–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.05.010.

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5

Haak, Andrew J., Qi Tan, and Daniel J. Tschumperlin. "Matrix biomechanics and dynamics in pulmonary fibrosis." Matrix Biology 73 (November 2018): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.004.

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6

Ghadiali, Samir N., and Donald P. Gaver. "Biomechanics of liquid–epithelium interactions in pulmonary airways." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 163, no. 1-3 (November 2008): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2008.04.008.

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7

Pyrgar, D. P. "Biomechanics of breathing in young smokers." Kazan medical journal 68, no. 2 (April 15, 1987): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96052.

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It is known that one of the main causes contributing to the development of chronic bronchitis, as well as pulmonary emphysema, is smoking. We followed up 66 healthy men from 17 to 34 years old who had no contact with occupational hazards. The examined subjects were subdivided into 2 groups - smokers (31 persons) and nonsmokers (35), which differed little from each other by age and occupation. Smokers consumed at least 6 cigarettes (cigarettes) per day for 6.5 years.

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8

Tabima, Diana M., and Naomi C. Chesler. "The effects of vasoactivity and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension on extralobar pulmonary artery biomechanics." Journal of Biomechanics 43, no. 10 (July 2010): 1864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.03.033.

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9

Mookhoek, Aart, Kapil Krishnan, Sam Chitsaz, Heide Kuang, Liang Ge, Paul H. Schoof, Ad J. J. C. Bogers, Johanna J. M. Takkenberg, and Elaine E. Tseng. "Biomechanics of Failed Pulmonary Autografts Compared to Native Aortic Roots." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 103, no. 5 (May 2017): 1482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.08.061.

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10

Garanin, Andrei A. "Early signs of disorders of cardiovascular biomechanics." Science and Innovations in Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2022-7-1-39-44.

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Aim a comprehensive study of disorders of the biomechanics of blood circulation for early diagnostics of atherosclerosis. Material and methods. The study included 120 people having one of the following risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: smoking, hypertension, Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. All subjects underwent computer-assisted rheopulmonography, rheovasography, apexcardiography, and direct sphygmography of the major arteries. The functioning of the heart, the arterial wall, the vascular bed of the pulmonary and systemic circulation was evaluated. Results. Smoking patients mainly had violations of the pulmonary circulation hemodynamics and the biomechanics of the arterial wall of the peripheral arteries due, obviously, to direct damage by nicotine. In patients with arterial hypertension, there was an increase in the work of the myocardium, obviously as a result of the formation of a hyperkinetic type of blood circulation in this disease. Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus were characterized primarily by the development of systolic-diastolic vascular dysfunction, which may be a predictor of the development of angiopathies in the future. In addition, the study of the kinetics of the major arteries revealed violations of the biomechanics of the wall of all vessels under study with risk factors for atherosclerosis. At the same time, it should be noted that more pronounced changes were found in the distal arteries of the muscular type than in the arteries of the muscular-elastic type, which is obviously associated with hemodynamic overloads experienced by peripheral vessels, both as a result of the hydraulic shock that occurs with hyperkinetic type of blood circulation, and the effect of hydrodynamic forces on the vessel wall under the influence of gravity. Conclusion. Each factor contributes to the development of disorders of cardiovascular biomechanics and hemodynamics. It is necessary to consider changes in the biomechanics of the heart and vascular bed as early manifestations of the circulatory system malfunction with present risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

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Blyth, Kevin G., Alessandro Bellofiore, Geeshath Jayasekera, John E. Foster, Tracey Steedman, Naomi C. Chesler, and Andrew J. Peacock. "Dobutamine stress MRI in pulmonary hypertension: relationships between stress pulmonary artery relative area change, RV performance, and 10-year survival." Pulmonary Circulation 7, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045893217704838.

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In pulmonary hypertension (PH), right ventricular (RV) performance determines survival. Pulmonary artery (PA) stiffening is an important biomechanical event in PH and also predicts survival based on the PA relative area change (RAC) measured at rest using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this exploratory study, we sought to generate novel hypotheses regarding the influence of stress RAC on PH prognosis and the interaction between PA stiffening, RV performance and survival. Fifteen PH patients underwent dobutamine stress-MRI (ds-MRI) and right heart catheterization. RACREST, RACSTRESS, and ΔRAC (RAC STRESS – RAC REST) were correlated against resting invasive hemodynamics and ds-MRI data regarding RV performance and RV-PA coupling efficiency (n’vv [RV stroke volume/RV end-systolic volume]). The impact of RAC, RV data, and n’vv on ten-year survival were determined using Kaplan–Meier analysis. PH patients with a low ΔRAC (<−2.6%) had a worse long-term survival (log-rank P = 0.045, HR for death = 4.46 [95% CI = 1.08–24.5]) than those with ΔRAC ≥ −2.6%. Given the small sample, these data should be interpreted with caution; however, low ΔRAC was associated with an increase in stress diastolic PA area indicating proximal PA stiffening. Associations of borderline significance were observed between low RACSTRESS and low n’vvSTRESS, Δη’VV, and ΔRVEF. Further studies are required to validate the potential prognostic impact of ΔRAC and the biomechanics potentially connecting low ΔRAC to shorter survival. Such studies may facilitate development of novel PH therapies targeted to the proximal PA.

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Schwenninger, David, Hans-Joachim Priebe, Matthias Schneider, Hanna Runck, and Josef Guttmann. "Optical clearing: impact of optical and dielectric properties of clearing solutions on pulmonary tissue mechanics." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00234.2016.

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Optical clearing allows tissue visualization under preservation of organ integrity. Optical clearing of organs with a physiological change in three-dimensional geometry (such as the lung) would additionally allow visualization of macroscopic and microscopic tissue geometry. A prerequisite, however, is the preservation of the native tissue mechanics of the optically cleared lung tissue. We investigated the impact of optical and dielectric properties of clearing solutions on biomechanics and clearing potency in porcine tissue strips of healthy lungs. After fixation, bleaching, and rehydration, four methods of optical clearing were investigated using eight different protocols. The mechanical and optical properties of the cleared lung tissue strips were investigated by uniaxial tensile testing and by analyzing optical transparency and translucency for red, green, and blue light before, during, and after the biochemical optical clearing process. Fresh tissue strips were used as controls. Best balance between efficient clearing and preserved mechanics was found for clearing with a 1:1 mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aniline. Our findings show that 1) the degree of tissue transparency and translucency correlated with the refractive index of the clearing solution index ( r = 0.976, P = 0.0004; and r = 0.91, P = 0.0046, respectively), 2) tissue mechanics were affected by dehydration and the type of clearing solution, and 3) tissue biomechanics and geometry correlated with the dielectric constant of the clearing solution ( r = −0.98, P < 0.00001; and r = 0.69, P = 0.013, respectively). We show that the lower the dielectric constant of the clearing solutions, the larger the effect on tissue stiffness. This suggests that the dielectric constant is an important measure in determining the effect of a clearing solution on lung tissue biomechanics. Optimal tissue transparency requires complete tissue dehydration and a refractive index of 1.55 of the clearing solution. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Investigating optical clearing in porcine lung tissue strips, we found that refractive index and dielectric constant of the clearing solution affected tissue clearing and biomechanics. By documenting the impact of the composition of the clearing solution on clearing potency and preservation of tissue mechanics, our results help to compose optimal clearing solutions. In addition, the results allow conclusions on the molecular interaction of solvents with collagen fibers in tissue, thereby consolidating existing theories about the functionality of collagen.

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13

Yacoub, Magdi, Ryo Torii, and Michael Ibrahim. "Characterization of wall biomechanics of the pulmonary autograft after the Ross procedure." Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings, no. 2012 (October 2012): BMP121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarf.2012.bmp121.

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14

O'Kane, Lisa, and Michael Groher. "Oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review." Revista CEFAC 11, no. 3 (August 21, 2009): 449–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-18462009005000040.

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BACKGROUND: oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PURPOSE: patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can be vulnerable to respiratory incompetence that may lead to swallowing impairment. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and oropharyngeal dysphagia. Forty-seven articles were retrieved relating to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and dysphagia. Each article was graded using evidence-based methodology. Only 7 articles out of the 47 addressed oropharyngeal swallowing disorders in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. This review found few studies that documented the relationship between oropharyngeal swallowing disorders and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. There were no randomized control trials. CONCLUSION: although the evidence is not strong, it appears that patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease are prone to oropharyngeal dysphagia during exacerbations. Future studies are needed to document the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in homogeneous groups of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and to assess the relationship between respiration and swallowing using simultaneous measures of swallowing biomechanics and respiratory function. These investigations will lead to a better understanding of the characteristics and risk factors of developing oropharyngeal dypshagia in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

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15

Grachev, I. N., B. N. Bogomolov, A. V. Shchegolev, E. G. Makarenko, and E. N. Ershov. "Features of respiration biomechanics at mechanical pressure-controlled helium-oxygen ventilation." Kazan medical journal 100, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2019-445.

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Aim. To study the dynamics of inspiratory pressure and volume in two versions of the experiment - mechanical pressure-controlled air-oxygen and helium-oxygen ventilation in the models of «healthy lung», «chronic obstructive pulmonary disease», «acute respiratory distress syndrome». Methods. Inspiratory pressure and tidal volume were recorded during 10 respiratory cycles at each predetermined level from 5 to 20 cm H2O with a step of 5 cm H2O. TestСhest® was used as a model of the lungs which allows simulating normal function and some pathological states of the lungs sucj as COPD and ARDS. Results. In the model of «healthy lung» inspiratory pressure in the application of air-oxygen mixture and helium-oxygen mixture was: at level 5 cm H2O - 6.4 (6.26; 6.50) and 7.17 (6.94; 7.17) cm H2O; 10 cm H2O - 11.31 (11.2; 11.43) and 12.11 (12.11; 12.27) cm H2O; 15 cm H2O - 16.8 (16.8; 17.03) and 15.24 (15.07; 15.24) cm H2O and at the level of 20 cm H2O - 18.83 (18.65; 19.04) and 21.52 (21.34; 21.67) cm H2O. At this, the respiratory volumes were 262.1 ml and 280.3 ml at the level 5 cm H2O; 541.8 ml and 577.9 ml at 10 cm H2O, 836.9 ml and 925.9 ml at 15 cm H2O; 1109 ml and 1265 ml at 20 cm H2O. In other studied models the inspiratory pressure and respiratory volume were also determined. Comparison of indicators revealed a statistically significant increase of the studied parameters in the simulated pathological conditions. Conclusion. Pressure-controlled use of helium-oxygen mixture in the simulation of normal breathing mechanics, acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is accompanied by a statistically significant increase in inspiratory pressure in the airways and inspiratory volume.

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Kozlov, I. A., and A. A. Romanov. "Respiratory Biomechanics, Intrapulmonary Water, and Pulmonary Oxygenizing Function During Uncomplicated Operations under Extracorporeal Circulation." General Reanimatology 3, no. 3 (June 20, 2007): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2007-3-17.

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17

Sundaram, Tessa A., and James C. Gee. "Towards a model of lung biomechanics: pulmonary kinematics via registration of serial lung images." Medical Image Analysis 9, no. 6 (December 2005): 524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2005.04.002.

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18

Sinelnikov, Yu S., V. B. Arutunyan, A. A. Porodikov, А. Т. Biyanov, V. S. Tuktamyshev, M. I. Shmurak, A. R. Khairulin, and A. G. Kuchumov. "Application of mathematical modelling for the evaluation of the results of systemiс-pulmonary shunts formation." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2020-3-45-61.

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<p>Surgical treatment of congenital heart defects with the obstruction of the outflow tract of the right ventricle can be performed in several stages. The first stage of surgical correction is the creation of a systemic-pulmonary shunt, followed by radical correction. The main complications of systemic-pulmonary shunts are associated with the development of shunt thrombosis and hypervolemia of the pulmonary circulation. Currently, considering the importance of individual selection of a shunt for effective functioning, the main scientific search is aimed at creating optimal methods that consider all the hemodynamic features of a particular patient. Recently, the direction of mathematical modelling and biomechanical analysis in medicine has been actively developing, facilitating the objective evaluation of the accumulated clinical experience and is one of the main tools in evidence-based medicine. The use of computational fluid dynamics methods for modified Blalock–Taussig shunt analysis allows us evaluate the hemodynamic parameters for various configurations of shunts and anastomosis angles and improve the understanding of pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system before or after an application of the modified Blalock–Taussig shunt. Here, we provide an overview of the work related to the use of modelling for the calculation of the currents in the aorta–shunt–pulmonary artery system. It is noteworthy that most studies consider the personalised characteristics of the patients and are therefore highly likely to be used in clinical practice. The main hemodynamic parameters that are analysed with the computer calculations are described. Part of the work is devoted to the stages of computer modelling and the limitations in the implementation of these stages. We believe that this manuscript will be of interest to specialists in cardiovascular surgery and to the several scholars working in areas related to the use of digital technologies in medicine, mathematical modelling in medicine and biomechanics.</p><p>Received 30 January 2020. Revised 25 May 2020. Accepted 9 June 2020.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The work is supported by the program for the development of the Scientific and Educational Mathematical Center of the Volga Federal District (No. 075-02-2020-1478) and a grant for the development of the scientific school of the Perm Region “Computer biomechanics and digital technologies in biomedicine”.</p><p><strong>Author contributions</strong><br />Conception and design: Yu.S. Sinelnikov, V.B. Arutunyan, A.A. Porodikov, A.N. Biyanov, V.S. Tuktamyshev, M.I. Shmurak,<br />A.R. Khairulin<br />Drafting the article: A.A. Porodikov, A.N. Biyanov, A.G. Kuchumov<br />Critical revision of the article: A.N. Biyanov, A.G. Kuchumov<br />Final approval of the version to be published: Yu.S. Sinelnikov, V.B. Arutunyan, A.A. Porodikov, A.N. Biyanov, V.S. Tuktamyshev, M.I. Shmurak, A.R. Khairulin, A.G. Kuchumov</p>

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Sergeev, E. A., B. I. Geltser, V. N. Kotelnikov, A. E. Tarasov, V. Yu Velichkin, and A. A. Silaev. "Assessment of the Budesonid Protective Effects in Patients with Cardio-Respiratory Comorbidity During Coronary Bypassing with Artificial Circulation." Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION 19, no. 2 (May 6, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2022-19-2-23-31.

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The objective: evaluation of the effect of budesonide and low-volume mechanical ventilation (LVMV) on pulmonary volemia, oxygen transport and respiratory biomechanics in patients with concurrent ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with artificial circulation (AC).Subjects and Methods. 50 patients with concurrent IHD and COPD were enrolled in the study. During AC, patients of Group I (20 people) received mechanical ventilation with the peak inspiratory pressure of 15 mbar, tidal volume of 3‒4 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 mbar in combination with inhalation of nebulized budesonide. In Group II (30 people), the similar isolated respiratory support was provided. Pulmonary blood volume, indices of extravascular lung water (EVLW), pulmonary vascular permeability (PVPI), oxygen delivery (DO2I) and consumption (VO2I), oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER), pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), oxygenation index were determined. The study consisted of 3 stages: before AC, after its completion and one day after CABG.Results. Before CABG, the EVLW index in all patients exceeded the standard level by 67‒72%. After weaning from AC, it decreased by 23% in Group I and by 8% in Group II. In patients receiving budesonide, PVPI significantly decreased after artificial circulation, while in patients from Group II, it remained unchanged. DO2I and O2ER in all patients were within the reference range, and VO2I was below it with a minimum value in Group II after weaning from AC. In this cohort, the Qs/Qt level was significantly higher, while OI was lower versus patients from Group I. Among patients who received budesonide immediately after AC and 2 hours after it, pulmonary resistance decreased while lung compliance increased. In Group II, those parameters changed oppositely. In Group I, one case of hydrothorax was recorded, and in Group II, 2 patients were diagnosed with polysegmental pneumonia and 2 patients – with pneumothorax. The median duration of mechanical ventilation in the postoperative period made 220 minutes in Group I, and 290 minutes in Group II (p = 0.018).Conclusion. In patients with concurrent IHD and COPD, use of the combination of low-volume mechanical ventilation and inhalation of nebulized budesonide during AC stabilizes the volemic status of the lungs, improves the oxygenating function and respiratory biomechanics in the postperfusion and early postoperative periods of CABG.

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Pan, Yue, Di Wang, Muhammad F. A. Chaudhary, Wei Shao, Sarah E. Gerard, Oguz C. Durumeric, Surya P. Bhatt, et al. "Robust Measures of Image-Registration-Derived Lung Biomechanics in SPIROMICS." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8110309.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to define a collection of inflammatory lung diseases that cause airflow obstruction and severe damage to the lung parenchyma. This study investigated the robustness of image-registration-based local biomechanical properties of the lung in individuals with COPD as a function of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage. Image registration was used to estimate the pointwise correspondences between the inspiration (total lung capacity) and expiration (residual volume) computed tomography (CT) images of the lung for each subject. In total, three biomechanical measures were computed from the correspondence map: the Jacobian determinant; the anisotropic deformation index (ADI); and the slab-rod index (SRI). CT scans from 245 subjects with varying GOLD stages were analyzed from the SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS). Results show monotonic increasing or decreasing trends in the three biomechanical measures as a function of GOLD stage for the entire lung and on a lobe-by-lobe basis. Furthermore, these trends held across all five image registration algorithms. The consistency of the five image registration algorithms on a per individual basis is shown using Bland–Altman plots.

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Dodson, R. Blair, Matthew R. Morgan, Csaba Galambos, Kendall S. Hunter, and Steven H. Abman. "Chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension increases main pulmonary artery stiffness and adventitial remodeling in fetal sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 307, no. 11 (December 1, 2014): L822—L828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00256.2014.

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Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by high pulmonary vascular resistance due to changes in lung vascular growth, structure, and tone. PPHN has been primarily considered as a disease of the small pulmonary arteries (PA), but proximal vascular stiffness has been shown to be an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in other diseases associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The objective of this study is to characterize main PA (MPA) stiffness in experimental PPHN and to determine the relationship of altered biomechanics of the MPA with changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) content and orientation of collagen and elastin fibers. MPAs were isolated from control and PPHN fetal sheep model and were tested by planar biaxial testing to measure stiffness in circumferential and axial vessel orientations. Test specimens were fixed for histological assessments of the vascular wall ECM constituents collagen and elastin. MPAs from PPHN sheep had increased mechanical stiffness ( P < 0.05) and altered ECM remodeling compared with control MPA. A constitutive mathematical model and histology demonstrated that PPHN vessels have a smaller contribution of elastin and a greater role for collagen fiber engagement compared with the control arteries. We conclude that exposure to chronic hemodynamic stress in late-gestation fetal sheep increases proximal PA stiffness and alters ECM remodeling. We speculate that proximal PA stiffness further contributes to increased right ventricular impedance in experimental PPHN, which contributes to abnormal transition of the pulmonary circulation at birth.

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Plonek, Tomasz. "Biomechanics of the Thoracic Aorta: Complexity and Reliability." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 102, no. 3 (September 2016): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.01.108.

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Frolov, Denis V., Andrej A. Zajcev, and Marina A. Shchedrina. "Prospects for the use of respiratory exercisers in patients with traumatic injuries." Medical Bulletin of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko 4, no. 2 (2023): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53652/2782-1730-2023-4-2-55-60.

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Chest injuries sustained during armed conflict have a high mortality rate and are accompanied by pulmonary dysfunction. Pulmonary contusion is manifested by rupture of pulmonary parenchyma, atelectasis, and hemorrhages in pulmonary parenchyma. The treatment strategy for such patients includes anesthesia, management of acute respiratory failure, treatment of infectious complications, sanation of airways, and rehabilitation measures. One of the goals of such interventions is the elimination of respiratory biomechanics disorders. It is recommended to use respiratory exercisers with a threshold level of resistance for the process of inhalation and exhalation to train respiratory muscles. At the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko the possibility of application of the respiratory simulator "Universal-2011" as a therapeutic physical training tool in the hospital phase of treatment of patients with thoracic trauma was studied. The efficacy of the carried activities was evaluated by functional tests of tolerance to hyper- and hypocapnia of Stange and Gench and the assessment of thoracic cage excursion. The experience of using a respiratory exerciser was observed to be positive. All 25 patients fulfilled the planned program with the achievement of improvement of external respiratory function and exercise tolerance.

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ZHANG, XIAO-YONG, XUE-MEI ZHANG, YU-ZENG DING, and XIU-HUA LV. "BIOMECHANICS OF POSITIVE INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON LEFT VENTRICULAR FILLING IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 06 (December 2015): 1540057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415400576.

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This study aims to explore the biomechanics of positive intrathoracic pressure and its effects on left ventricle (LV) filling in healthy subjects. 30 healthy subjects were enlisted to perform a Valsalva maneuver (VM) with a load of 40[Formula: see text]mmHg lasted 10[Formula: see text]s. LV filling parameters were measured by echocardiography at rest and at 10[Formula: see text]s during the VM. Compared with the at rest values, LV early inflow velocity (E) decreased significantly ([Formula: see text]), late inflow velocity (A) decreased insignificantly ([Formula: see text]), while the E/A ratio decreased significantly ([Formula: see text]) after 10[Formula: see text]s of the strain phase of the VM. LV septal early tissue velocity ([Formula: see text]) and lateral early tissue velocity ([Formula: see text]) of the mitral did not change ([Formula: see text]), while the [Formula: see text] ratio and the [Formula: see text] ratio decreased significantly ([Formula: see text] after 10[Formula: see text]s during the VM. Based on these results, biomechanical analysis suggests that the effects of positive intrathoracic pressure on the LV free wall impede LV diastolic motion, which may be one of the factors contributing to a decrease in E and the E/A ratio. Positive intrathoracic pressure also increases the flow resistance of the LV and pulmonary vasculature, which may contribute to a decrease in E, the [Formula: see text] ratio, and the [Formula: see text] ratio.

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Lockie, K. J., J. Fisher, N. P. Juster, G. A. Davies, and K. Watterson. "Biomechanics of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic roots and valves." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 108, no. 6 (December 1994): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5223(94)70145-8.

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Easterling, Caryn S., Michael Bousamra, Ivan M. Lang, Mark K. Kern, Terilynn Nitschke, Eytan Bardan, and Reza Shaker. "Pharyngeal dysphagia in postesophagectomy patients: correlation with deglutitive biomechanics." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 69, no. 4 (April 2000): 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01582-9.

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Emmott, Alexander, Haitham Alzahrani, Mohammed Alreshidan, Judith Therrien, Richard L. Leask, and Kevin Lachapelle. "Transesophageal echocardiographic strain imaging predicts aortic biomechanics: Beyond diameter." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 156, no. 2 (August 2018): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.107.

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Lee, Kun-Ze, David D. Fuller, and Ji-Chuu Hwang. "Pulmonary C-fiber activation attenuates respiratory-related tongue movements." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 9 (November 1, 2012): 1369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00031.2012.

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The functional impact of pulmonary C-fiber activation on upper airway biomechanics has not been evaluated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pulmonary C-fiber activation alters the respiratory-related control of tongue movements. The force produced by tongue movements was quantified in spontaneously breathing, anesthetized adult rats before and after stimulation of pulmonary C fibers via intrajugular delivery of capsaicin (0.625 and 1.25 μg/kg). Brief occlusion of the trachea was used to increase the respiratory drive to the tongue muscles, and hypoglossal (XII) nerve branches were selectively sectioned to denervate the protrusive and retrusive tongue musculature. Tracheal occlusion triggered inspiratory-related tongue retrusion in rats with XII nerves intact or following section of the medial XII nerve branch, which innervates the genioglossus muscle. Inspiratory-related tongue protrusion was only observed after section of the lateral XII branch, which innervates the primary tongue retrusor muscles. The tension produced by inspiratory-related tongue movement was significantly attenuated by capsaicin, but tongue movements remained retrusive, unless the medial XII branch was sectioned. Capsaicin also significantly delayed the onset of tongue movements such that tongue forces could not be detected until after onset of the inspiratory diaphragm activity. We conclude that altered neural drive to the tongue muscles following pulmonary C-fiber activation has a functionally significant effect on tongue movements. The diminished tongue force and delay in the onset of tongue movements following pulmonary C-fiber activation are potentially unfavorable for upper airway patency.

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Mahotra, Narayan B., Lava Shrestha, Sabita Kandel, and Sonam Chaudhary. "Comparison of Spirometric Parameters in different Postures among Young Healthy Volunteers." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 21, no. 2 (December 13, 2023): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v21i02.4740.

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Background: Spirometry is the most common pulmonary function tests that specifically measures volume and flow of air during respiration. It helps to identify obstructive and restrictive diseases of the lungs. The alterations of the results in spirometry can happen even in normal health due to change in body postures that alter lung volumes and muscle biomechanics. So, the objective of this study is to determine the effects of change of postures mainly supine, sitting and standing on pulmonary parameters of young healthy volunteers.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among young medical students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus in the department of Clinical Physiology. A total of 31 students were selected by convenient sampling technique. Pulmonary parameters: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1st second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, Peak Expiratory Flow(PEF), EF2575 were collected from spirometry. The spirometry was done in supine, sitting and standing postures and the best value of each posture was selected for the comparison and obtained data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with confidence interval of 95%.Results: The pulmonary parameters recorded in different postures showed that the mean of these variables comparatively increased in standing posture than others with mean FVC 3.98±0.66 L, mean FEV1 3.53±0.55L, mean FEV1/FVC 89.23±5.60%, mean PEF 8.60±1.62L/s and mean PEF2575 4.46±1.08 L/s. The mean comparisons of these pulmonary parameters in supine, sitting and standing postures showed statistically significant differences with P value < 0.05.Conclusions: The pulmonary parameters are affected by body postures. Those parameters are recorded highest during standing posture and lowest during supine posture.Keywords: Postures; pulmonary parameters; spirometry

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Cai, J., T. A. Altes, G. W. Miller, K. Sheng, P. W. Read, J. F. Mata, X. Zhong, et al. "MR grid-tagging using hyperpolarized helium-3 for regional quantitative assessment of pulmonary biomechanics and ventilation." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 58, no. 2 (2007): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21288.

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Schar, Mistyka S., Taher I. Omari, Charmaine M. Woods, Lara F. Ferris, Sebastian H. Doeltgen, Kurt Lushington, Anna Kontos, et al. "Altered swallowing biomechanics in people with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 17, no. 9 (September 2021): 1793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9286.

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Nappi, Francesco. "Biomechanics of Ross Operation: Still So Much to Learn." Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 32, no. 4 (2020): 827–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.08.015.

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Sergeev, E. A., B. I. Geltser, T. A. Brodskaya, O. I. Shkunova, and A. E. Tarasov. "Comparative analysis of intraoperative lung protection technologies in patients having cardiorespiratory comorbidity during coronary bypass surgery with artificial circulation." Pacific Medical Journal, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2022-2-44-49.

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Objective: Comparative analysis of the effect of budesonide and low-volume artificial lung ventilation (ALV) on pulmonary volemia, oxygen transport and respiratory biomechanics in patients having cardio-respiratory comorbidity during сoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with artificial blood circulation (ABC).Methods: The clinical study included 50 patients having cardiorespiratory comorbidity with a median age of 66 years who were admitted to the clinic of the Far Eastern Federal University for planned CABG in conditions of ABC. The patients were divided into 2 groups by random sampling method. The first group consisted of 25 patients who underwent low-volume artificial lung ventilation (ALV) with inhalation of nebulized budesonide during ABC; the second – 25 patients underwent isolated low-volume ALV during ABC. The study was carried out in three stages: before the start of ABC, after its completion and a day after CABG. Extravascular lung water index (ELWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were registered using method of transpulmonary thermodilution. Oxygen transport indicators were determined: oxygen delivery index (DO2I) and oxygen consumption index (VO2I), pulmonary blood bypass fraction (Qs/Qt), oxygenation index (OI).Results: After turning off ABC in the first group, the ELWI decreased by 23%, in the second group it declined by 8%. Among patients treated with budesonide, PVPI significantly decreased after providing ABC. However among patients of the second group it remained unchanged. DO2I remained in the reference range among all patients. However VO2I was below it with a minimum value in the second group after ABC stopping. In this cohort the level of Qs/Qt was significantly higher, and OI was lower than in patients of the first group. The resistance of the lung tissue decreased on the background of an increase in its compliance among patients who received budesonide immediately after ABC and 2 hours after it. In the second group there was opposite dynamics of these indicators.Conclusions:The combination of low-volume ALV and inhalation of nebulized budesonide during ABC stabilizes the volemic status of the lungs, improves their oxygenating function and respiratory biomechanics in the postperfusion and early postoperative periods of CABG.

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Coghlan, Kevin, and Stacey A. Skoretz. "Breathing and Swallowing With High Flow Oxygen Therapy." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 13 (January 2017): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig13.74.

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Compared to other methods of respiratory failure treatment, heated high-flow oxygen (HHO 2 ) therapy is relatively new. The HHO 2 system enables the delivery of high oxygen flow improving patient respiration and ventilation, therefore avoiding the need for more invasive ventilation methods. The patient population requiring HHO 2 therapy is heterogeneous. We will review this therapeutic approach including its: goals, physiological benefits, limitations, and potential effect on the swallow. Very little is known about swallowing physiology across many pulmonary conditions including the effect of HHO 2 on swallowing biomechanics. Due to the medical fragility of this diagnostic subgroup and the relative lack of evidence guiding the assessment and management of their swallow, clinicians must proceed cautiously.

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Gao, J., and Y. Huang. "EP03.01-04 The Role of Microenvironmental Biomechanics in Lung Cancer Development and Metastasis." Journal of Thoracic Oncology 18, no. 11 (November 2023): S440—S441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2023.09.803.

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Nappi, Francesco, and Cristiano Spadaccio. "Biomechanics of failed ischemic mitral valve repair: Discovering new frontiers." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 154, no. 3 (September 2017): 832–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.04.035.

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Seleoğlu, Irem, and Aynur Demirel. "The interaction between craniocervical biomechanics, neck disability and respiratory functions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Gait & Posture 113 (September 2024): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.07.224.

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Al-Robaiy, Samiya, Bettina Weber, Andreas Simm, Claudius Diez, Paulina Rolewska, Rolf-Edgar Silber, and Babett Bartling. "The receptor for advanced glycation end-products supports lung tissue biomechanics." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 305, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): L491—L500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00090.2013.

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The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its soluble forms are predominantly expressed in lung but its physiological importance in this organ is not yet fully understood. Since RAGE acts as a cell adhesion molecule, we postulated its physiological importance in the respiratory mechanics. Respiratory function in a buffer-perfused isolated lung system and biochemical parameters of the lung were studied in young, adult, and old RAGE knockout (RAGE-KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Lungs from RAGE-KO mice showed a significant increase in the dynamic lung compliance and a decrease in the maximal expiratory air flow independent of age-related changes. We also determined lower mRNA and protein levels of elastin in lung tissue of RAGE-KO mice. RAGE deficiency did not influence the collagen protein level, lung capillary permeability, and inflammatory parameters (TNF-α, high-mobility group box protein 1) in lung. Overexpressing RAGE as well as soluble RAGE in lung fibroblasts or cocultured lung epithelial cells increased the mRNA expression of elastin. Moreover, immunoprecipitation studies indicated a trans interaction of RAGE in lung epithelial cells. Our findings suggest the physiological importance of RAGE and its soluble forms in supporting the respiratory mechanics in which RAGE trans interactions and the influence on elastin expression might play an important role.

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John, Lindsay C. H. "Biomechanics of Coronary Artery and Bypass Graft Disease: Potential New Approaches." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 87, no. 1 (January 2009): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.07.023.

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Yang, Dongrong, Yuhua Huang, Bing Li, Jing Cai, and Ge Ren. "Dynamic Chest Radiograph Simulation Technique with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A Proof-of-Concept Study." Cancers 15, no. 24 (December 8, 2023): 5768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15245768.

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In this study, we present an innovative approach that harnesses deep neural networks to simulate respiratory lung motion and extract local functional information from single-phase chest X-rays, thus providing valuable auxiliary data for early diagnosis of lung cancer. A novel radiograph motion simulation (RMS) network was developed by combining a U-Net and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for image generation and sequential prediction. By utilizing a spatial transformer network to deform input images, our proposed network ensures accurate image generation. We conducted both qualitative and quantitative assessments to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of our proposed network. The simulated respiratory motion closely aligns with pulmonary biomechanics and reveals enhanced details of pulmonary diseases. The proposed network demonstrates precise prediction of respiratory motion in the test cases, achieving remarkable average Dice scores exceeding 0.96 across all phases. The maximum variation in lung length prediction was observed during the end-exhale phase, with average deviation of 4.76 mm (±6.64) for the left lung and 4.77 mm (±7.00) for the right lung. This research validates the feasibility of generating patient-specific respiratory motion profiles from single-phase chest radiographs.

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Tseng, Elaine E., Zhongjie Wang, and Liang Ge. "Reply from authors: Aortic aneurysm biomechanics: Perfect is the enemy of good." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 160, no. 3 (September 2020): e105-e106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.05.028.

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Schar, Mistyka S., Taher I. Omari, Charmaine M. Woods, Charles Cock, Sebastian H. Doeltgen, Ching Li Chai-Coetzer, Danny J. Eckert, Theodore Athanasiadis, and Eng H. Ooi. "Swallowing biomechanics before and following multi-level upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 18, no. 4 (April 2022): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9824.

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Palumbo, Maria C., Alberto Redaelli, Matthew Wingo, Katherine A. Tak, Jeremy R. Leonard, Jiwon Kim, Lisa Q. Rong, et al. "Impact of ascending aortic prosthetic grafts on early postoperative descending aortic biomechanics on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 61, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 860–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezab501.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES Among patients with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms, prosthetic graft replacement yields major benefits but risk for recurrent aortic events persists for which mechanism is poorly understood. This pilot study employed cardiac magnetic resonance to test the impact of proximal prosthetic grafts on downstream aortic flow and vascular biomechanics. METHODS Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was prospectively performed in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms undergoing surgical (Dacron) prosthetic graft implantation. Imaging included time resolved (4-dimensional) phase velocity encoded cardiac magnetic resonance for flow quantification and cine-cardiac magnetic resonance for aortic wall distensibility/strain. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms undergoing proximal aortic graft replacement were studied; cardiac magnetic resonance was performed pre- [12 (4, 21) days] and postoperatively [6.4 (6.2, 7.2) months]. Postoperatively, flow velocity and wall shear stress increased in the arch and descending aorta (P < 0.05); increases were greatest in hereditary aneurysm patients. Global circumferential strain correlated with wall shear stress (r = 0.60–0.72, P < 0.001); strain increased postoperatively in the native descending and thoraco-abdominal aorta (P < 0.001). Graft-induced changes in biomechanical properties of the distal native ascending aorta were associated with post-surgical changes in descending aortic wall shear stress, as evidenced by correlations (r = −0.39–0.52; P ≤ 0.05) between graft-induced reduction of ascending aortic distensibility and increased distal native aortic wall shear stress following grafting. CONCLUSIONS Prosthetic graft replacement of the ascending aorta increases downstream aortic wall shear stress and strain. Postoperative increments in descending aortic wall shear stress correlate with reduced ascending aortic distensibility, suggesting that grafts provide a nidus for high energy flow and adverse distal aortic remodelling.

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Tasca, Giordano, Matteo Selmi, Emiliano Votta, Paola Redaelli, Francesco Sturla, Alberto Redaelli, and Amando Gamba. "Aortic Root Biomechanics After Sleeve and David Sparing Techniques: A Finite Element Analysis." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 103, no. 5 (May 2017): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.08.003.

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Skuric, Antun, Vincent Padois, and David Daney. "Pycapacity: a real-time task-space capacity calculation package for robotics and biomechanics." Journal of Open Source Software 8, no. 89 (September 12, 2023): 5670. http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.05670.

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Tyurin, I. N., S. Sh Tashpulatov, and Z. M. Akhmedova. "Biomechanics of the human upper limb for sustainable approach to design smart clothing." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 10050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346010050.

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The creation of smart clothing with universal design solutions, improved ergonomic properties, high performance and strength parameters is a striking example of the implementation of the concept of “slow” fashion. Determining the optimal choice of topographical arrangement of sensory control elements of flexible printed circuit boards and structural and decorative elements of clothing with intelligent functions is one of the key factors in increasing the overall comfort of the designed products. The results of the study of indicators of physiological and psychological characteristics when changing the angle of flexion of the human elbow joint are necessary for understanding the neurophysiological basis of the issues of subjective assessment of the comfort of clothing.

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Urakov, Aleksandr, and Natalya Urakova. "COVID-19: intrapulmonary injection of hydrogen peroxide solution eliminates hypoxia and normalizes respiratory biomechanics." Russian Journal of Biomechanics 25, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/rjbiomech/2021.4.06.

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Severe SARS is complicated by respiratory obstruction, which is caused by swelling of the mucous membranes of the airways and obstruction of mucus, pus, and thick sputum streaked with blood. A particularly significant decrease in airiness occurs in the peripheral regions of the lungs. This is why the air introduced through the upper respiratory tract does not reach the alveoli, primarily in the peripheral regions of the lungs. Under these conditions, traditional ventilation of the lungs provides a back-and forth movement of air only in the trachea, large and small bronchi, since only these parts of the respiratory tract remain not clogged with mucus and pus. But these parts of the respiratory tract do not provide effective oxygenation of the patient's blood. Therefore, conventional mechanical ventilation (ALV) cannot normalize the biomechanics of breathing until the respiratory obstruction is eliminated. Therefore, with the inhibition of the biomechanics of respiration caused by respiratory obstruction, it is now customary to oxygenate the blood by the extrapulmonary route - using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, ECMO is a very dangerous and poorly accessible method of treatment. Therefore, to save the life of patients with severe hypoxia, it is proposed to urgently restore pulmonary oxygenation of the blood by oxygenating the lungs by injecting a solution of a pus solvent into the peripheral regions of the lungs. At the same time, intrapulmonary injection of an alkaline peroxide solvent of pus ensures the immediate appearance of oxygen gas in the peripheral parts of the respiratory tract, since pus and blood veins contain the enzyme catalase, which immediately decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water gas. In this case, mucus, pus and sputum streaked with blood immediately turn into oxygen foam, which is easily removed through the upper respiratory tract to the outside.

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Oetzmann von Sochaczewski, Christina, Evangelos Tagkalos, Andreas Lindner, Hauke Lang, Axel Heimann, Arne Schröder, Peter P. Grimminger, and Oliver J. Muensterer. "Esophageal Biomechanics Revisited: A Tale of Tenacity, Anastomoses, and Suture Bite Lengths in Swine." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 107, no. 6 (June 2019): 1670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.12.009.

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49

Eren, İlker, Cemil Cihad Gedik, Uğur Kılıç, Berk Abay, Olgar Birsel, and Mehmet Demirhan. "Management of scapular dysfunction in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: the biomechanics of winging, arthrodesis indications, techniques and outcomes." EFORT Open Reviews 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 734–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eor-22-0080.

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Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common hereditary disorder which typically results in scapular winging due to wasting of the periscapular muscles affected by this condition. Scapulothoracic arthrodesis (STA) is the current surgical treatment for FSHD patients with severe winging and preserved deltoid muscle. There are several different techniques in the literature such as multifilament cables alone and cable or cerclage wires combined with single or multiple plates. We prefer cables without plates as it provides independent strong fixation points and strongly recommend utilization of autograft. The functional results of studies report that regardless of the technique used, shoulder elevation and thus quality of life is improved, as shown with outcome scores. There are several complications associated with STA. Pulmonary complications are common and usually resolve spontaneously. Meticulous surgical technique and effective postoperative analgesia may reduce the incidence. Scapular complications which are associated with the fixation may be encountered in the early or late period, which are related to the learning curve of the surgeon. In conclusion, STA is a reliable solution to a major problem in FSHD patients that helps them maintain their activities of daily living until a cure for the disease is found. A successful result is strongly dependent on patient selection, and a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, geneticists and orthopaedic surgeons is required to achieve good results.

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Sundari M, Rama, Sai Sreeman Reddy Puchakayala, Kishan Naga Datta Samayamantry, Sri Sai Venkata Narasimham Ogirala, Hazim Y. Saeed, Aravinda K, Sorabh Lakhanpal, and Ravi Kalra. "Smart fitness trainer using an advanced interdisciplinary approach." E3S Web of Conferences 507 (2024): 01043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450701043.

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The Smart Fitness Trainer represents a pioneering endeavor at the intersection of diverse disciplines, amalgamating computer vision and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Its primary objective is to redefine the fitness landscape by introducing real-time exercise form analysis and assistance. Through the fusion of biomechanics, human-computer interaction, and data analytics, this innovative system provides instantaneous visual feedback via a mirror interface, thereby augmenting safety and efficacy during workout sessions. Embracing sophisticated interdisciplinary methodologies, the Smart Fitness Mirror fosters healthier lifestyles and delivers tailored training experiences, heralding a transformative era in fitness technology. This initiative underscores the transformative potential of collaborative multidisciplinary efforts in reshaping the domain of fitness and well-being.

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