Journal articles on the topic 'Pulling test'
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Son, Mark P. "BOLTS PULLING TEST. REVERSER FOR BOLTS TESTING." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 14, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2018-14-3-136-141.
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The article describes developed device for performing pulling tests of bolts, including high-strength. Principle of reverser operation is change of sign of applied load – compression of press causes stretching of a bolt. Advantages of presented reverser are: reliability, mobility, small size, economical operation and simpleness. Reverser designs permit to perform bolt tests at any hydraulic press. Using the developed device, deformation diagrams were obtained for bolts of different strength class 8.8 steel 40Kh and 20G2R and 10.9 steel 40Kh. These diagrams may serve as basis for numerical modeling of bolts in software packages, and also manual calculation of yielding. Tests revealed a number of advantages of bolts made of steel 20G2R over 40Kh, due to which application of bolts made of steel 20G2R is recommended in assemblies of any level of responsibility.
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Gaycken, Jana, Drew J. Picken, Thomas W. Pike, Oliver H. P. Burman, and Anna Wilkinson. "Mechanisms underlying string-pulling behaviour in green-winged macaws." Behaviour 156, no. 5-8 (2019): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003520.
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Abstract The string-pulling test is a classic test of physical cognition which is thought to examine an animal’s understanding of means-end comprehension, but may also result from trial and error learning. Here, we presented Green-winged macaws (Ara chloroptera) with a standard pull-up, and an alternative, pull-down, string pulling test to better understand the processes involved. Birds were divided into two groups: the experimental group were presented with the classic pull-up test and, upon completion, with the pull-down test, while the control group were only presented with the pull-down test. Six experimental birds solved the pull-up test, although none successfully completed the pull-down test; however, birds from the experimental group made significantly more pull-down actions than those from the control group. Together with previous findings on string-pulling behaviour in green-winged macaws, the results from the present study suggest that string-pulling behaviour in this species does not involve means-end understanding.
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Symons, Digby D., Jialiang Chen, and Padraig Alton. "Calculation of optimal jaw geometry for an electronic bond pull test." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 11 (November 13, 2013): 1847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213511963.
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A bond pull test is used to determine the strength of the bond of an electronic interconnect to a circuit board. A standard test consists of clamping and pulling the interconnect with a pair of microscopic jaws. In a successful test, the maximum pulling force registered by the jaws will be the failure load of the interconnect to circuit board bond. However, if the interconnect itself deforms before the bond has failed, then this would constitute an unsuccessful test. This paper reports on a theoretical analysis of the optimal geometry for gripping of a cylindrical interconnect. Upper and lower-bound plasticity models have been used to determine the jaw proportions that will maximize the load for the deformation of the interconnect and that should, therefore, be most likely to allow successful measurement of the bond strength. This theoretical analysis is compared to 2D and 3D non-linear finite element calculations. The 2D finite element models are axi-symmetric approximations of a pull test on a cylindrical interconnect. 3D finite element models take into account the actual jaw geometry and allow simulation of both clamping and pulling stages. The maximum calculated pull forces for both 2D and 3D simulations are in good agreement with the plasticity theory. Preliminary validation of the theory and finite element results has been accomplished through experimental clamping and pulling tests on cylindrical metal rods.
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Alsayed, Abdallah, Raja Kamil, Hafiz Ramli, and Azizan As’arry. "An Automated Data Acquisition System for Pinch Grip Assessment Based on Fugl Meyer Protocol: A Feasibility Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103436.
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The Upper Extremity Fugl Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA) is the most comprehensive assessment for pinch impairment after stroke. The pinch test of UE-FMA is manually performed by pulling a pincer object away from the patient’s fingers while providing a visual observation that results in a subjective assessment. In this study, an automated data acquisition system that consists of a linear electric actuator applying automatic pulling to the customized pincer object held by the volunteer was developed. The pinch force was measured such that a strain gauge was placed on the pincer object while pulling force was measured using pulling force load cell connected in between the linear electric actuator and customized pincer object. The pincer object’s slip onset was detected using a displacement slip sensor. The mean pinch and pulling force values at the slip onset were 12.17 and 6.25 N for right hands, while mean pinch and pulling force values were 11.67 and 5.92 N for left hands of 50 healthy volunteers, respectively. Based on the paired t-test, there is no significant difference between right and left hands. The automated data acquisition system can objectively apply a pulling force, detect the slip onset, and measure the pinch and pulling forces.
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Yi, Cannan, Huali Zuo, Caijun Zhao, Kai-Way Li, Hong Hu, Fan Tang, and Tong Long. "Fatigue and Recovery of Muscles for Pulling Tasks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 15159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215159.
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Manual materials handling (MMH) contributes to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the workplace. The development and recovery of muscle fatigue are essential in work/rest arrangements for MMH tasks. A pulling experiment, including a muscle fatigue test and a muscle fatigue recovery test, was conducted. In the muscle fatigue test, the participant performed a pulling task on a treadmill with a walking velocity of 1 km/h until they could no longer do so. The load was either 30 or 45 kg. The maximum endurance time (MET) was recorded. The pull strength (PS) of the participant both before and after the pulling task was measured. The subjective ratings of muscle fatigue after the pulling task were recorded. In the muscle fatigue recovery test, the participant took a rest after performing the pulling task. The participants reported their subjective ratings of muscle fatigue on the CR-10 scale after taking a rest for a time period t, where t = 1, 2,…, 6 min. The PS of the participant was then measured again. It was found that the load significantly affected the MET for pulling tasks. The load was insignificant to the decrease of the PS, but was significant to the decrease rate (PS decrease per min) of the PS. The PS decrease rate for the 45 kg condition (30.8 ± 16.5 N/min) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the 30 kg condition (15.4 ± 5.5 N/min). The recovery time significantly affected the PS and CR-10. Two MET models were established to explore the development of muscle fatigue in pulling tasks. A PS model was constructed to describe the recovery of muscle force. A CR-10 model was proposed to show the subjective ratings of recovery. These models are beneficial for determining the work/rest allowance for pulling tasks.
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Ponce, Suomi, José Bico, and Benoît Roman. "Effect of friction on the peeling test at zero-degrees." Soft Matter 11, no. 48 (2015): 9281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm01203a.
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Nagesh, L., and HV Amith. "Effect of Oil Pulling on Plaque and Gingivitis." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 1, no. 1 (January 2007): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-1-1-12.
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ABSTRACT Oil pulling is an age-old process mentioned in Charaka Samhita and Sushratha's Arthashastra. This study was conducted to assess the effect of oil pulling on Plaque and Gingivitis. Objectives (1) To assess the effect of oil pulling on plaque and gingivitis. (2) To monitor its safety on oral soft and hard tissues. Methodology 10 subjects performed Oil Pulling along with their other oral hygiene measures for 45 days, using Refined Sunflower Oil. Their Plaque and gingival scores were assessed periodocally by modified PHP and Gingival indices. The results were subjected to t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results The reduction in plaque and gingival scores from baseline to 45 days were 0.81+-_0.41 (P<0.01) and 0.39+_0.17 (P<0.01) respectively. The differences were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion Oil pulling is having dental benefits. Hence this holds a chance to be added to other oral hygiene measures.
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Liu, Wen Bai, Long Zhao, and Ning Jia. "The Numerical Simulation of Bearing Capacity of Pile-Bucket Foundation under Combined Loading of Up-Pull and Horizontal Force." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2171.
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By using ABAQUS software to conduct numerical simulation and model test of pile-bucket under mono-loading of up-pulling force and horizontal force, then make comparison of both results to testify the accuracy of finite calculation model. Then by numerical simulation to study bearing capacity of pile-bucket foundation under combined loading of up-pull and horizontal force. The result shows the pile-bucket foundation horizontal displacement will increase with the increase of up-pulling force at the limit horizontal load, and the horizontal displacement becomes more obvious as the up-pulling load increasing if providing greater horizontal loading force. Before the up-pulling force reaches the limit, horizontal load will not affect up-pulling displacement; after the up-pulling force reaches the limit, the horizontal load can slightly reduce the up-pulling displacement of pile top. The effect of up-pulling load increase on horizontal displacement is obvious for pile depth in soil at 0~15m, but very tiny for pile body with buried depth over 15m.
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Pongrácz, Péter, Petra Bánhegyi, and Ádám Miklósi. "When rank counts — dominant dogs learn better from a human demonstrator in a two-action test." Behaviour 149, no. 1 (2012): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853912x629148.
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AbstractDogs can learn effectively from a human demonstrator in detour tests as well as in different kinds of manipulative tasks. In this experiment we used a novel two-action device from which the target object (a ball) was obtained by tilting a tube either by pulling a rope attached to the end of the tube, or by directly pushing the end of the tube. Tube tilting was relatively easy for naïve companion dogs; therefore, the effect of the human demonstration aimed to alter or increase the dogs’ initial preference for tube pushing (according to the behaviour shown by naïve dogs in the absence of a human demonstrator). Our results have shown that subjects preferred the demonstrated action in the two-action test. After having witnessed the tube pushing demonstration, dogs performed significantly more tube pushing than the dogs in the rope pulling demonstration group. In contrast, dogs that observed the rope pulling demonstration, performed significantly more similar actions than the subjects of the other demonstration group. The ratio of rope pulling was significantly higher in the rope pulling demonstration group, than in the No Demo (control) group. The overall success of solving the task was also influenced by the social rank of the dog among its conspecific companions at home. Independently of the type of demonstration, dominant dogs solved the task significantly more often than the subordinate dogs did. There was no such difference in the No Demo group. This experiment has shown that a simple two-action device that does not require excessive pre-training, can be suitable for testing social learning in dogs. However, effects of social rank should be taken into account when social learning in dogs is being studied and tested, because dominant and subordinate dogs perform differently after observing a demonstrator.
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Jin, Qing Ping, Zu Jia Zheng, Bin Qiang Dou, and Xue Wen Lei. "FBG Sensor Application for GFRP Soil Nailing Pull-Out Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.539.
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The mechanical performance of GFRP soil nailing in the supporting structure is an important and difficult problem. By implanting the fiber bragg grating sensor (FBG) into GFRP soil nailing, pull-out tests were done on filed,and stress rules of soil nailing bar were determined.The more reasonable and effective force data of soil nailings were also gathered through FBG senor.Test results show that the tension of soil nailing gradually adds with external pulling force, the variation of tension is divided into two stages, the total pulling force is within 50kN, growing linearly with about 2.5% rate ,after that, its growth rate is approximately 50% to 60%. After the force exceed a certain value, the load is transmitted backward.FBG sensing technology overcomes the failure problem of traditional strain sensor,is a precise measurement method.
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Jiang, Xin, Yue Qin, Wei-tong Li, Peng-fei Xiang, Shan-shan Zhang, and Chao Chen. "Experimental study on grouting mortar GFRP anchor rod pulling test." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2044, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2044/1/012161.
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Halim, Isa, Adi Saptari, Puvanasvaran Perumal, Zulkeflee Abdullah, Nurul Wirdah Mafazi, Ahmad Faizal Salleh, and Anish Ravindra Kurup. "Elbow-Height Handle and Staggered Stance Exhibited Greatest Force in Pushing and Pulling: A Study among Malaysian Adults." Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 18, no. 5 (September 15, 2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.18.5.15.
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Introduction: Pushing and pulling activities are common in daily life and industrial workplaces. These activities are potentially contributing to muscle fatigue in the back and shoulder if not managed ergonomically. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the maximum strength of Malaysian adults in horizontal symmetrical two-handed pushing and pulling with different handle heights and stances. Methods: Forty-seven participants of 24 males and 23 females were recruited in pushing and pulling experiments. The participants were assistant engineers and postgraduate students of a technical university. The dependent variable was the magnitude of push/ pull force. The independent variables consisted of action, handle height and stances. The experimental design was set for 2 actions, 3 handle heights and 2 stances, yielding 12 variables combinations. Results: Key findings of this study revealed that combination of pull action, handle height at elbow level and staggered stance exhibited greatest force. On the contrary, combination of push action, handle height at knuckle level and parallel stance resulted in lowest force. In pushing test, both male and female participants obtained greatest force of 233.3 N and 121.7 N, respectively, when the handle height was at elbow level and staggered stance. Similarly, in pulling test, males and females obtained highest force of 242.9 N and 152.4 N, respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that handle height at elbow level and staggered stance exhibited greatest force in pushing and pulling activities. This study provides information to individuals who involved in pushing and pulling tasks with least force exertion to minimize muscle fatigue in the back and shoulder. Future studies should consider the following recommendations: 1) Participants of study should involve manufacturing industry workers. 2) To study the effect of pushing and pulling tasks on muscle activity.
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Syahid, Ahmad Nur, Abdul Hadi Kadarusno, and Iswanto Iswanto. "Pemanfaatan Kelobot Kering Sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Kertas." Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 6, no. 1 (August 15, 2014): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v6i1.706.
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The increase of national corn production impacted to the increase of dry corn husk waste. The waste, if were not handled properly would cause environmental problems. Dry corn husk consist of 15,7 % lignin, 36,81 % cellulose, and 27,01 % lignecellulose, so that it can be used as mate-rial in paper making. The purpose of the study is to understand the influence of dry corn husk pulp variations on the pulling strength of the paper made, by conducted an experimental study which followed post-test only design. Five variations of the mass ratio of used paper pulp and dry corn husk pulp used in this study were: 1:0; 1:2; 1:2.5; 1:3; and 0:1; and were obeserved in nine replications. The results showed that the average of pulling strength of the paper yielded from above five ratio, respectively were: 2.030,02 grams; 7.004,06 gr; 9.038,37 gr; 11.888,78 gr; and 17.970,59 gr. Based on the results of the one way anova test, it was revealed that corn husk waste pulp determined the pulling strengh of the paper produced. The pulp waste only without used paper pulp addition earned the biggest pulling strength. The cellulose, lignin and hemicellu-lose content in dry corn husk were considered have function as an adhesive between the fibers and reinforce the bond and the length of the fibers. To conclude, the bigger the mass ratio be-tween corn husk pulp and used paper pulp, the higher the pulling strength will be gained.
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Wang, Qingbiao, Zhongjing Hu, Hongyue You, Haolin Xu, Lujie Bai, Shanghuan Yang, Ming Zhang, and Zhenyue Shi. "Field Pull-Out Test and Analysis of Fiberglass Anchors in Sanshandao Gold Mine." Geofluids 2022 (April 4, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5160876.
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The Sanshandao gold mine is developed near the sea and has high-chloride ion content in the groundwater, resulting in serious corrosion of metal anchors and difficulty in maintaining metal anchors. To solve the corrosion problem of anchor rods in Sanshandao, the use of fiberglass anchor rods, instead of metal anchor rods, is proposed. To verify the feasibility of fiberglass anchor application, a fiberglass anchor (diameter: 27 mm) pulling test was conducted at the Sanshandao gold mine. The test results show that (1) the pull-out resistance of fiberglass anchor rods is better than those of metal pipe slit anchor rods and threaded anchor rods currently used in the Sanshandao gold mine; (2) the failure of fiberglass anchor rods is mainly because of the destruction of anchor washer discs and nuts, whose rods play only 69.90–77.7% of their performance and remain intact; (3) the fiberglass anchor rod was damaged to different degrees several times before the pulling failure, and the damage was accompanied by sound; (4) the fiberglass anchor continued to bear pressure after each damage until complete failure occurred; and (5) the anchor washer disc relative to the nut to allow the pressure effect can avoid nut pressure collapse and improve the pulling performance of the anchor rod to a certain extent simultaneously. Through the test, it was proved that the 27 mm fiberglass anchor can meet the support demand of the Sanshandao gold mine. It also provides an important reference for the promotion and application of fiberglass anchor rods in similar mines.
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Krišāns, Oskars, Roberts Matisons, Jānis Vuguls, Andris Seipulis, Valters Samariks, Renāte Saleniece, and Āris Jansons. "The Destructive Static Tree-Pulling Test Provides Reliable Estimates of the Soil–Root Plate of Eastern Baltic Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth.)." Plants 11, no. 11 (June 4, 2022): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111509.
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Under the intensifying cyclonic activity, the wind resistance of European forests could be increased through science-based adaptive forest management, which requires the quantification of tree stability. In this regard, the dimensions of the soil–root plate can be directly attributed to tree wind resistance; however, naturally uprooted trees might be a biased source of information for the evaluation of adaptive measures due to uncontrolled conditions and uneven sample size. Therefore, the dimensions of the soil–root plates of naturally windthrown silver birch trees (Betula pendula Roth.) are compared to artificially overturned trees under a static tree-pulling test in Eastern Baltic region. The application of static tree-pulling overestimated the dimensions of the soil–root plates of silver birch compared to windthrown trees. The overestimation of soil–root plate dimensions was consistent spatially and across soil types, which is likely a regional adaptation to local wind climate. This implies that static tree-pulling is representative of the assessment of the effects of adaptive management on tree stability via the dimensions of the soil–root plates.
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Kim, D. H., B. M. Kim, Y. Lee, and B. H. Min. "Friction characteristics for surface finish and the stoning direction of stamping dies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405021520229.
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This paper investigates the combined effects of parameters such as die surface finish, die stoning direction, contact pressure and draw speed on the resulting friction coefficient. The study shows the correlation between the artificial neural network (ANN) and the design of experiments (DOE). The ANN and the DOE have been implemented for minimizing the friction coefficient and for investigating the effect of the parameters in the straight pulling friction test effectively. The experiments were run in random order with at least three replications. It was found that directional stoning orthogonal to the pulling direction lowers the friction more than directional stoning parallel to the pulling direction using die material FCD55 and sheet material SPCEN.
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Carlson, E., and D. Haaga. "B-33 Cognitive Mechanisms Associated with Emotion-Focused Pulling in Trichotillomania." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.116.
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Abstract Objective A revised version of the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania-Adult (MIST-A) provides scores for two distinct behavioral patterns of hair pulling in trichotillomania: emotion and intention pulling. The current study explored the relationship between these scales and several cognitive domains. Method This study used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavior therapy intervention for trichotillomania. Participants from the general community were eligible if they met diagnostic criteria for trichotillomania. Thirty-two individuals were enrolled and completed baseline measures. The sample was 78% female, and the mean age was 34. At baseline, participants completed diagnostic interviews, self-report symptom questionnaires, and tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (the stop-signal test, the intra/extra dimensional shift task, and the Cambridge gambling task ). These provided scores of intra and extra dimensional set-shifting, response inhibition, decision making quality, and sensitivity to risk. Correlational analyses were conducted comparing each cognitive score to each MIST-A score. Results Analyses revealed significant negative correlations between emotion pulling score and decision making quality r (30) = -.383, = .031 and emotion pulling score and sensitivity to risk r (30) = -.396, p = .025. Conclusion These findings provide initial insight into some of the cognitive mechanisms associated with emotion focused pulling. Individuals who pull their hair with the aim of reducing negative emotions (e.g. boredom, anxiety) showed themselves on the gambling task to be more willing to bet on an unlikely outcome, and less willing to adjust their betting amount according to the likelihood of an outcome.
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Zhao, Yan Li, Zi Jun Song, Yan Li, Hai Sheng San, and Yu Xi Yu. "Low Temperature Wafer Direct Bonding Using Wet Chemical Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2381.
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In this paper, the low-temperature (less than or equal to 400 °C) silicon wafer direct bonding technology using wet chemical surface treatment is proposed. For bonded pairs of silicon-oxide-covered wafers, the optimum process condition is established with respect to the experimental results of two different wet chemical processing methods. The bonding quality is evaluated through infrared transmission test and tensile test. Experimental results indicate that the bonding strength of the additional 29% NH3•H2O treated samples is about 7.2 MPa, while it is no more than 3.1 MPa for the only piranha (H2SO4/H2O2) solution and RCA1 (NH3•H2O/H2O2/H2O) solution cleaned samples. Effect of the pulling speed on tensile test is also investigated. The results show that the pulling speed effect should be considered during the tensile test.
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Harun, Fuaida, Roslina Ismail, Azman Jalar, and Shahrum Abdullah. "Effect of wire diameter and hook location on second bond failure modes." Microelectronics International 32, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-03-2014-0011.
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Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the effect of Au wire size and location of hook during wire pulling test to identify the variation of results obtained. Design/methodology/approach – Two hook locations, namely, location A and location B were used to analyze the effect of hook location. Location A was the same as the hook location required by MIL-STD-883E standard, whereas location B was located near to the second bond. The correlation between new purposed failure modes and MIL-STD-883E standard was developed to reflect on the pull strength with the physical failure. Findings – It was observed that fine pitch Au wire has higher variation and lower process capability of pull strength. Au wire pulled by the hook at location B provides a more representative result compared to that at location A. Fifty per cent or more of Au remnant is required to be considered as a good and reliable Au wedge bond based on the new purposed failure modes. Originality/value – The evaluation of gold (Au) wedge bond requires a new proper wire pulling test method. This is due to the large variation obtained from the application of current practice of wire pulling test.
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Mu, Chun Mei, Bao Chen Liu, and Zhi Kui Liu. "Effect Evaluation on CFG Pile Consolided Foundation of the Red Clay Being Polluted by Organic Matter." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3581.
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Lots of “problematical piles” have been discovered during inspection of core-pulling to cement mixing piles, and the layout of the problematical piles are not uniform. Emergence of the problematical piles have conduced invalidation of the cement mixing piles. Combining practical works of the engineering unit, a series of tests and studies have been done, for example, inspection of core-pulling and excavation, static loading test, testing the indexes of physical and mechanical properties with the decrease of the distance between cement mixing piles and septic tank, compressive strength test,etc.The research indicates that all test result have contented design demand and attained prospective effect. These studing have an important significance on the reinforcement design and engineering practice of red clay being polluted by organie matter.
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Gu, Shuan Chen, and Gen Fei Ye. "Experiment on Ultimate Shear Strength Parameters of Bolt Anchored Section." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.218.
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The bolt support is one of the effective support means to stable the surrounding rocks in underground projects. To determine the ultimate shear strength parameter between the surrounding rocks and bolting mass interface would have important project value to the bolt support design. In order to easy and accurately determine the shear strength of the bolting layer in the bolt design, based on elastic-plastic theory, a theoretical model under the bolt pulling function was established. The load transmission function during the bolt function process was derived. The theoretical relationship between the limit shear strength parameter of the bolting layer interface and the bolt pulling test curve was obtain. The shear strength parameter between the resin anchoring agent of the bolt support in mine roadway and the coal rock mass was determined. The results show that with the bolt pulling test curves, the cohesive strength of the bolting layer and the shearing rigidity coefficient of the bolting layer interface could be easily obtained and could provide the references to the bolt support design.
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Polak, Maria Anna. "Analysis of polyethylene pipe behaviour in horizontal directional drilling field tests." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-013.
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The paper presents results of both tests and analysis of polyethylene pipes installed using horizontal directional drilling (HDD). A total of seven full-scale HDD field installations were performed at the University of Waterloo. The test parameters were pull length, overcut ratio, quality of the drilling fluid, pipe diameter, and pipe material. The paper presents an overview of the testing methodology, instrumentation, and test specimens. The method for measuring strains along the length of the pipe is presented and discussed. Experimental results concentrate on pipe strains due to bending and axial deformations during HDD. Post-installation axial strains are also presented. A predictive model has been developed to analyze the pipe under various installation conditions. The model accounts for major mechanical contributions to the pulling force in HDD installations. The emphasis in this paper is on the comparison between theoretical and experimental results and the discussion of factors influencing pulling loads and strains in polyethylene pipes installed using HDD.Key words: horizontal directional drilling, polyethylene, pipe, analysis, tests, strain, pulling loads.
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Torres Ortiz, Sara, Alyssa Maxwell, Anastasia Krasheninnikova, Magnus Wahlberg, and Ole Næsbye Larsen. "Problem solving capabilities of peach-fronted conures (Eupsittula aurea) studied with the string-pulling test." Behaviour 156, no. 5-8 (2019): 815–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003539.
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Abstract The problem-solving capabilities of four small parrots (peach-fronted conures, Eupsittula aurea) were investigated using string-pulling tests. In seven different tasks, one string was baited following a randomized order. The parrots could retrieve the food reward after a wrong choice as the choice was not forced. Additionally, we applied a non-intuitive pulley task with the strings arranged in front of, instead of below the birds. All four parrots performed very well in the multiple, slanted, and broken string tasks, but all failed in the crossed-string task. Only two parrots solved the single pulley task. All four parrots performed successfully in the multiple pulley task but all failed in the broken pulley condition. Our results suggest that peach-fronted conures solve string-pulling tasks without relying on simple proximity based rules, but that they have evolved cognitive abilities enabling goal-directedness, the understanding of functionality, and a concept of connectedness between two objects.
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Li, Hua, Yifeng Wang, Jingyu Zhang, Liangpeng Wan, Qiao Jiang, Hongyue Pan, Yuanyuan Hu, and Kun Wang. "Model Test Research on the Influence of Gate Blocking in Siltation Environment." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 10, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6674534.
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Aiming at the clogging problems encountered in the operation of deep-hole gates in high water level reservoirs and dams, this paper carried out a model test study on the influence of different materials and different siltation environments on the lifting of the gates and analyzed the rules of the effects of blockages in different siltation environments. An analysis model of the pull-out force of the gate (blocked object) considering the siltation environment was proposed in an innovative way and the similarity ratio relationship was verified. The results of the study show that (1) the size and time of the siltation and other factors have a significant influence on the pulling force of the blocked object. It increases with the increase of the siltation area. The longer the siltation goes on, the greater the pulling force will be. (2) As the similarity ratio n increases, the calculation result of the analysis model is closer to the target value n 2 and it indicates that the theoretical model is reliable. The research results of this paper can provide certain guidance for deep-hole siltation dispatch to ensure project safety.
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Manea, A. M., D. Iozsa, C. Stan, and A. Ioniță. "Experimental test to determine the strength of the seat belt anchorages." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1220, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1220/1/012050.
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Abstract Experimental tests on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to safety belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages and ISOFIX top anchorages have been carried out in accordance with Regulation No. 14 UNECE [1]. From the design stage, the safety belt anchorages must comply with the requirements for the installation of a safety belt and reduce slipping and damage to the belt while wearing it. These can be components of the seat structure or of the body’s resistance structure, which have the role of fastening the seat belts. The position of the anchor points is determined by the R point. The R point is defined as the seat reference point on the seat. This point is set by the vehicle manufacturer for each seat in the vehicle. In this paper, two models of chairs were tested. Both seat models are equipped with seat belts anchored at three anchor points. Seat belt anchorages were tested simultaneously using parallel force devices. These traction devices are placed on the seat cushion and are pressed into the seat back. The pulling device has a vertical pulling arm, which has the role of anchoring the steel wire cables. Two test forces are applied simultaneously to the anchor points during the test.
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Gallagher, Sean. "Isometric Pushing, Pulling, and Lifting Strengths in Three Postures." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 11 (October 1989): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301102.
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Nine underground coal miners (Mean age = 36.9 yrs ± 6.3 SD; height = 174.5 cm ± 7.4 SD; weight = 87.8 kg ± 12.5 SD) participated in a Bureau of Mines study examining the effects of posture on isometric strength. Five tests of static strength (i.e. maximum push, maximum pull, maximum lift with elbows flexed at 90 degrees, maximum lift with lifting handle 45.7 cm [18 inches] above floor, and maximum push up with handle at eye height) were performed in three postures: standing, kneeling on one knee, and kneeling on two knees. Results indicated that neither test of lifting strength was affected by posture ( p > 0.05). However, maximum pulling strength was significantly greater when kneeling on one knee ( p < 0.001) than when standing or kneeling on both knees. Also, maximum pushing strength was greater when kneeling on both knees than when standing ( p < 0.05). The test of maximum push up was not affected by posture ( p > 0.05), and the force generated in the three postures for this test were highly correlated ( r = .94). Results of these strength tests may be useful when recommending appropriate postures to assume when performing specific underground materials-handling tasks.
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Ma, Hua, Xinyu Luan, Zhenbao Li, Haijian Cui, Wenjing Wang, and Jia Song. "Seismic Performance of Damaged Dovetail Joints with Different Damaged Degrees in Timber Frames." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (August 21, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7238217.
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The mortise and tenon joints are the main connection forms used in ancient timber buildings, and damaged joints have a critical effect on the safety of a timber structure. There are three main damaged cases of dovetail joints which are pulling, contraction, and mixing damages. In this study, using a theoretical analysis of the stress distribution in a mortise and tenon joint resulted from the pullout damage, a theoretical equation for the resisting moment of the joint was proposed. A finite element model was used to simulate the cyclic displacement loading of a frame with intact joints and with different levels of pulling and contraction damaged joints. The results show that the moment capacities both for the test and the simulation were in good agreement with each other. The simulation results also indicated that there are no changes in the capacity and energy dissipation of the pulling damaged joint compared to that of the intact joint, and good seismic performance still was provided when the pulling damage was less than 2/5 of the joint length. However, the capacity of the contraction damaged joint was significantly reduced, and its seismic performance was tolerably lost. The seismic performance of a mixing damaged tenon with the same degree of pulling damage was between that of the pulling damaged tenon and the contraction damaged tenon, and generally, it was controlled by the contraction damage. The friction between the tenon and the mortise is the main source of resisting moment and energy dissipation ability.
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Borowski, Andreas, Benjamin Gröger, René Füßel, and Maik Gude. "Characterisation of Fibre Bundle Deformation Behaviour—Test Rig, Results and Conclusions." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 6 (November 17, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060146.
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Deformation of continuous fibre reinforced plastics during thermally-assisted forming or joining processes leads to a change of the initial material structure. The load behaviour of composite parts strongly depends on the resultant material structure. The prediction of this material structure is a challenging task and requires a deep knowledge of the material behaviour above melting temperature and the occurring complex forming phenomena. Through this knowledge, the optimisation of manufacturing parameters for a more efficient and reproducible process can be enabled and are in the focus of many investigations. In the present paper, a simplified pultrusion test rig is developed and presented to investigate the deformation behaviour of a thermoplastic semi-finished fiber product in a forming element. Therefore, different process parameters, like forming element temperature, pulling velocity as well as the forming element geometry, are varied. The deformation behaviour in the forming zone of the thermoplastic preimpregnated continuous glass fibre-reinforced material is investigated by computed tomography and the resultant pulling forces are measured. The results clearly show the correlation between the forming element temperature and the resulting forces due to a change in the viscosity of the thermoplastic matrix and the resulting fiber matrix interaction. In addition, the evaluation of the measurement data shows which forming forces are required to change the shape of the thermoplastic unidirectional material with a rectangular cross-section to a round one.
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Leermakers, Fransicus A. M. "Self-Consistent Field Modeling of Pulling a Test-Chain away from or Pushing It into a Polymer Adsorption Layer." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081684.
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We consider single chain force measurements to unravel characteristics of polymers at interfaces and to determine parameters that control adsorption or probe layer characteristics that are difficult to access otherwise. The idea is to have at the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM), a probe chain and measure its behaviour near interfaces by pushing it to, or pulling it away from it. The self-consistent field modeling of this reveals that in the pulling mode—i.e., when the chain has an affinity for the surface—a typically inhomogeneous flower-like conformation forms with an adsorbed ’pancake’ and a stretched stem (tether) from the surface to the tip of the AFM. When about half the segments is in the tether it snaps loose in a first-order like fashion. The critical distance of the end-point from the surface and the critical force are experimentally accessible. Details of this transition depend on the surrounding of the test chain. Inversely, and this opens up many possibilities, the test chain reports about its surroundings. Our focus is on the classical case of homopolymers at interfaces. Pulling experiments may reveal the adsorption strength, the (average) chain length and/or the polymer concentration of the freely dispersed/adsorbed polymers. When the test-chain is non-adsorbing we envision that pushing this test-chain into the adsorption layer reports about various layer characteristics such as the layer thickness and (local) density. Moreover, when the test-chain has a length longer than the entanglement length, we can imagine that non-trivial dynamical properties of loops and tails may be scrutinised.
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Feng, Zhi Peng, Yu Lian Chang, Long Qing Zou, and Hai Long Fu. "Study on Load Capacity of Anchor Piles for Oil Workover Derrick." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.501.
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the workover rig is always fixed by anchor piles in land oilfields. Good load capacity of anchor pile is the key factor to the guarantee of safe workover operation. The load capacity test of anchor pile is complete by connecting vibration test and method of mechanical impedance. The reduction coefficient must be used in calculating the anti-pulling load capacity because of difference of soil kinds. To testify the results from mechanical impedance method, the system of pulling pile directly is built. The average error of data from this system is within 5%. It can conclude that the method of mechanical impedance and vibration test can be popularized widely to load capacity of anchor pile, especially in different kinds of soil. The research can enrich the theories of uniform section pile and give the theoretical foundation to fix the anchor piles safely during workover rig operations.
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Dong, Jiuzhi, Lingchao Ji, Xin La, Jingzhao Yang, and Yunjun Chen. "Design and study of the action of the yarn-pulling mechanism of a carbon-fiber one-sided stitching device based on improved technology." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 11-12 (December 3, 2019): 1372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519891447.
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To realize a one-sided stitching action and stable stitch formation, a poor match between the lead and the hook yarn needles in the stitching process must be avoided as it can lead to hook dropping and hook errors, causing loop loss, thread breaking, and even thread relaxing. Based on an analysis of the principle of one-sided stitching and matching the hook and lead yarn needles, the original stitching technology is improved and a method of trajectory superposition is proposed. A yarn-pulling mechanism is designed for a one-sided stitching device for three-dimensional preformed carbon/carbon composites. By analyzing the principle of the yarn-pulling mechanism, a mathematical model of that mechanism is established, and a trajectory simulation analysis is carried out with MATLAB, which verifies the rationality of the yarn-pulling principle. Results for the two crank angles of the yarn-pulling mechanism and the crank angle of the hook yarn needle at two particular moments reflect the matching relationship of the three, which provides a theoretical reference for the stitching device to adjust to and work well, forming the desired stitch. Finally, stitching tests are carried out, and the test results show the designed yarn-pulling mechanism can cooperate with the hook and the lead yarn needles to complete the stitch lock. This realizes a stable stitching action and avoids hook dropping and hook errors, thereby increasing stitching efficiency.
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Wang, Yan Li, Zhan Lin Cheng, Wei Zhang, Yong Zhen Zuo, Zhen Lin Yu, and Yong Wang. "Pullout Test Research on Interfacial Interaction of Reinforced Band and Gravelly Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.684.
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Taking steel-plastic composite reinforced band (CAT) and gravelly soil as the test materials, the pullout tests of reinforced band in gravelly soil with different water contents have been carried out by the laminated shear test instrument. The interface friction characteristics between reinforced band and gravelly soil are studied, and the influences of water content on the interaction characteristics are also discussed. Results show that (1) the extraction of reinforced band is a gradual process. The anchor end began to move firstly because of the extensibility of reinforced belt itself. As interface friction gradually transfer backward by, the free end start to move onward, then displacement schedule curves of the anchor end and the free end are gradually parallel, the whole movement of reinforced belt happens immediately. (2) Pulling force and displacement curve of the pullout friction test displays obviously nonlinear characteristics. Pulling force of the reinforced band increases greatly with increasing displacement at the beginning of the test, then decrease with the increasing displacement after the peak value is reached, the force-displacement curves generally exhibit strain soften characteristics. But it present strain hardening trend under greater normal stress, and pullout frictional strength increases with the increasing normal stress. (3) The pullout friction coefficient of the interface is sensitive to water content. It decreases linearly with the increasing water content.
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Dong, Sen Lei, Xin Sheng Xu, and Bo Zhang. "Test and Research on Mechanical Property of Ceramsite Steel Fiber Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1711.
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Destructive process of ceramsite concrete is nominally that at the earliest stage, microcracks appear in ceramsite aggregate and spreading to boundary surface. Once they develop to mortar, if no other factors to restrain crack propagation, ceramsite concrete will be destroyed quickly. After including of steel fiber, toughness of ceramsite concrete will be greatly increased. In the treatise, influences on different amount included of steel fiber in above CL40 ceramsite concrete on compression, pulling, bending strength and bending resistant toughness and compression toughness are tested and researched.
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Pätzold, I., P. Tröber, M. Welm, and W. Volk. "Blanking of Stainless Steel." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1238, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1238/1/012030.
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Abstract Slug pulling, adhesion formation and edge fracture are major challenges in the sheet metal processing industry. They lead to a strong reduction in part quality, process stability as well as profitability. In this study, investigations are carried out on stainless steel X5CrNi18-10 to address the previous mentioned challenges. While slug pulling and edge fracture strongly depend on the geometric characteristics of active elements as well as the selection of process parameters, adhesion formation is mainly determined by temperature and thermoelectric currents. In this publication, the influence of the die channel geometry on the slug pulling effect and the part quality is investigated. Furthermore, the temperature profile over the shear cutting process as well as the resulting thermoelectric currents are determined for the test material. The relationship between edge crack sensitivity, shear cutting parameters and strategies is examined. These investigations thus form the basis for an improved understanding of the shear cutting of stainless steel.
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Ciriello, Vincent M. "The Effects of Distance on Psychophysically Determined Pushing and Pulling Tasks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 13 (September 2002): 1142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601329.
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The most frequent and expensive cause category of compensable loss is manual material handling (MMH). in an attempt to minimize these losses, refinement of existing MMH guidelines is a component of redesigning high risk MMH jobs. in the development of our present MMH guidelines (Snook & Ciriello, 1991), maximum acceptable forces (MAFs) of pulling were assumed to respond similarly to pushing at longer distances. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of 7.6m and 15.2m distances on both initial and sustained MAFs of pushing and pulling at a frequency of 1 min−1. A psychophysical methodology was used whereby the subjects were asked to select a workload without “straining themselves or without becoming unusually tired, weakened, overheated or out of breath.” Subjects worked 40 min at each push or pull task within a 4-hour test that included other MMH tasks. The results revealed that initial and sustained MAFs and task time were not significantly different between pushing and pulling at the 7.6m distance. However, at the 15.2m distance, initial MAF of pulling was significantly lower and task time was significantly longer compared to pushing. Sustained MAF was not significantly different at 15.2m. It was concluded that our existing guidelines present an accurate estimate of MAFs at the longer pull distances.
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Christenson, Gary A., Scott J. Crow, James E. Mitchell, Thomas B. Mackenzie, Ross D. Crosby, and Janice Falls. "Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Trichotillomania: An 8-Week, Open-Label Study." CNS Spectrums 3, no. 9 (October 1998): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900006520.
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AbstractThis short-term, open-label study investigates short- and long-term effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine for the treatment of trichotillomania (TTM). Additionally, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the presence of hair pulling compulsiveness is predictive of SSRI response. Nineteen subjects meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised, (DSM-III-R) criteria for TTM were treated with fluvoxamine at doses up to 300 mg/day. Random regression analysis of change across time for patients who completed the study (n=14) and those who dropped out (n=5) revealed statistically significant improvements in Physician Rating Scale, hair-pulling episodes, Trichotillomania Impairment Scale, and Trichotillomania Symptom Severity Scale, but not in estimated amount of hair pulled. In addition, the percentage of patients' focused or compulsive hair-pulling symptoms was predictive of treatment response. Unfortunately, all three subjects who entered long-term treatment displayed substantial movement back toward baseline by the end of 6 months. We concluded that fluvoxamine produces moderate reductions in symptoms during the short-term treatment of TTM and that the presence of focused or compulsive hair pulling may be predictive of treatment response. However, responses may be short lived when treatment is extended.
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Ellison, Anne Margaret, Jane Watson, and Eric Demers. "Testing problem solving in turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) using the string-pulling test." Animal Cognition 18, no. 1 (July 12, 2014): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0782-8.
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Kou, Hai-Lei, Wang Li, Wang-Chun Zhang, Yuan Zhou, and Xiao-Long Zhou. "Stress Monitoring on GFRP Anchors Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071507.
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Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bolts have been widely used in some applications of grouted anchors because of the advantages of better resistance to corrosion, high strength-to-weight ratio, low electromagnetic properties, and so on. This study presents a field test to assess the feasibility of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in monitoring the stress profile of GFRP anchors during pulling test. Two GFRP anchors were fully instrumented with FBG sensors and then installed into the ground using a drilling and grouting method. To measure the stress profile along test anchors, seven bare FBG sensors were arranged in a single optical fiber and then embedded in the middle of GFRP bolts in the process of extrusion molding. The procedure for embedding bare FBG sensors into GFRP bolts is introduced first. Then, the axial forces and shear stresses that were calculated from the measurements of the FBG sensors are discussed. The field test results indicate that the embedded FBG technology was feasible to monitor the stress state of GFRP anchors during pulling.
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Rayner, Sara, Trislyn Herrick, and Christina Chiesa. "Efficacy of “Oil Pulling” on Gingival Health and Biofilm Accumulation in a Group of Young Adults: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 5, no. 2 (2016): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1137.
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ABSTRACT Aims The aim of this pilot study was to assess changes in gingival bleeding and biofilm accumulation in young adults undergoing oil-pulling treatment together with standardized oral hygiene practices, compared to a control group of patients that did not undergo oil pulling but maintained the standard oral hygiene practices outlined in the study. Materials and methods The experiment was designed as a randomized, two-way, single-blind, crossover with a 2-month washout period between two, 10-day experimental periods. A total of 28, randomly selected dental students who met the inclusion criteria were assessed for gingival bleeding and biofilm on six teeth before and after rinsing with sesame oil for 10 minutes per day, for a period of 10 days. The mean difference between the test and control group's reduction in scores was analyzed using the paired t-test. The level of significance was set at ? (alpha) = 0.05. Results There were no statistically significant differences on plaque biofilm accumulation and bleeding when compared with the control group. There was a higher reduction in gingival bleeding scores (albeit not statistically significant) among those who used sesame oil compared to those who did not. Conclusion Based on the current study, it appears that oil pulling for 10 minutes and for a period of 10 days using sesame oil has no significant benefit over brushing and flossing alone, on a sample of 28 dental students. How to cite this article Rayner S, Herrick T, Chiesa C, Hoover J, Karunanayake C. Efficacy of “Oil Pulling” on Gingival Health and Biofilm Accumulation in a Group of Young Adults: A Pilot Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(2):113-117.
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Balasubramanian, Lavanya, Chun-Min Lo, James S. K. Sham, and Kay-Pong Yip. "Remanent cell traction force in renal vascular smooth muscle cells induced by integrin-mediated mechanotransduction." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 304, no. 4 (February 15, 2013): C382—C391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00234.2012.
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It was previously demonstrated in isolated renal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that integrin-mediated mechanotransduction triggers intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, which is the hallmark of myogenic response in VSMCs. To test directly whether integrin-mediated mechanotransduction results in the myogenic response-like behavior in renal VSMCs, cell traction force microscopy was used to monitor cell traction force when the cells were pulled with fibronectin-coated or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-coated paramagnetic beads. LDL-coated beads were used as a control for nonintegrin-mediated mechanotransduction. Pulling with LDL-coated beads increased the cell traction force by 61 ± 12% (9 cells), which returned to the prepull level after the pulling process was terminated. Pulling with noncoated beads had a minimal increase in the cell traction force (12 ± 9%, 8 cells). Pulling with fibronectin-coated beads increased the cell traction force by 56 ± 20% (7 cells). However, the cell traction force was still elevated by 23 ± 14% after the pulling process was terminated. This behavior is analogous to the changes of vascular resistance in pressure-induced myogenic response, in which vascular resistance remains elevated after myogenic constriction. Fibronectin is a native ligand for α5β1-integrins in VSMCs. Similar remanent cell traction force was found when cells were pulled with beads coated with β1-integrin antibody (Ha2/5). Activation of β1-integrin with soluble antibody also triggered variations of cell traction force and Ca2+ mobilization, which were abolished by the Src inhibitor. In conclusion, mechanical force transduced by α5β1-integrins triggered a myogenic response-like behavior in isolated renal VSMCs.
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Xu, Xiao Feng, Wen Bin Yao, Jiu Hua Xu, and Wei Zhang. "Test of Physical Mechanical Properties of Gingko，Hickory Nut and their Stalks." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1145.
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In order to get the physical mechanics of gingko，hickory nut and their stalks, microprocessor controlled electronic universal testing machine (WDW-5E) was used to study the basic physical characteristics，pulling resistance and cutting resistance of their stalk in different harvest time and moisture contents. The impact of physical mechanics of cones and stalks on the picking process were analyzed and some concrete suggestions were put forward in the paper. This experimental study provides an important theory basis on designing and manufacturing different cones picking machine.
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Ding, Huiqiong. "Retail Business and the Freight Industry in Shanxi Province of China: an Empirical study of Interactive Relationship." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2014): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i4.496.
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The fate of the retailing industry is related to the freight industry of a country. In order to enhance the pulling power that the retailing has to the freight industry, this research investigated the interactive relationship of retailing and freight industry in Shanxi Province of China. Using the software Eviews 5.0®, a Co-integration Model was proposed. Evaluation of the validity of the model, using the Stationary Test, Granger Causality Test and Error Correction, proved that the model proposed had the ability to repair itself. Using the model to explain the relationship between retailing and freight results further revealed that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, this study proved that in order to enhance the pulling power that retailing has to freight industry, there is a need to pay attention to the final consumption, to support retailing and to speed up the urbanization construction.
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Manjunathan, C., and Vijoykumar Singh. "An Impact of Coconut Oil Pulling on Oral Mucositis among Malignancy Patients." Journal of Natural Remedies 22, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2022/27993.
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Acute or chronic oral complications may develop around 400,000 patients each year during chemotherapy. Oral mucositis happens in around 40% of patients who get malignancy chemotherapy<sup>1,2</sup>. Basically 75% of patients who get strong regimens develop oral mucositis. Treating oral mucositis with coconut oil has worked and battle all anti-viral, bacterial, and fungal properties<sup>3</sup>. The medium-chain unsaturated fats found in coconut oil which is immediately consumed into the body and thus the healing process is accelerated and it helps to enhance the body’s own immune system and hence assist it with battling all germs<sup>4</sup>. Coconut oil is a conventional treatment and is completely edible and natural<sup>5,6</sup>. It aims to evaluate the impact of coconut oil pulling on oral mucositis. A Quasi-experimental approach, convenient examining strategy, test size was 60 and the information was gathered through organized self-talk with questionnaires with standardized WHO Oral Mucositis Rating Scale. The Coconut oil pulling technique was administered to the experimental group. This group of people were administered with the coconut oil pulling technique and collected outcomes were analyzed statistically. The majority of samples had grade 3 rating in trial batch and in control batch larger part of them had grade 2 rating on severity of oral mucositis. The coconut oil pulling technique intervention was effective among cancer patients with oral mucositis of post-test results, the secured ‘t’ benefit was remarkable, p <0.05 extent. The association between oral mucositis with their demographic variables are found was significant (p <0.05). The technique tested was found to have significant outcomes for the experimental group. This group has less intensity of oral mucosistis as contrasted to the control group.
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Huang, Liuqing, Huibiao Ma, Qiang Li, Ling Hu, and Xinyi Li. "Research on uplift model test of single pile in sand." E3S Web of Conferences 293 (2021): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129301033.
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This paper mainly uses the method of model test to study the ultimate uplift bearing characteristics of a single pile with different length-to-diameter ratios, mainly from the distribution laws of the uplift bearing capacity of the pile, the axial force of the pile and the side friction of the pile perform analysis. The model pile is made of PVC pipe, and resistance strain gauges are attached to both sides of the pipe. The strain value of the PVC pipe under different load conditions is measured to obtain the working behavior of the pile during the process of pulling out the pile. The result shows that the model test data is in good agreement with the numerical simulation.
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Gorodetskiy, K. I., A. M. Lavlinskiy, and E. M. Alendeev. "Loading of tractor on drawbar test when pulling force is directed at the angle." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 8 (August 15, 2016): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66183.
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Foreign methods of tractor drawbar testing do not allow to evaluate the performance capabilities of movers and drive system in general with a number of other common characteristics, because of using a tar makadam as a surfacing. Methods of tractor testing used in Russia provide the experiments on real soils and aiming to a wide variety of the country's natural environments. But even these tests do not give a full picture of performance of a machine-tractor unit. Tractor is a multipurpose machine that aggregates with a variety of implements that have a wide range of draught resistance. Therefore, during aggregation it is necessary to load tractor’s axles efficiently. Tractor ballasting increases the rolling resistance force that affects negatively on the propulsive efficiency. In most cases, the front ballast is not removed and remains on a tractor permanently, which increases the fuel consumption. There is a search problem for technical solutions that would optimize the tractor performance without using front ballast. For solving this problem, it is proposed to improve the methods of drawbar testing by directing of pulling force at the angle. If this angle is controlled, it is possible to load a front axle without ballast. In this case, the rear axle is loaded, and its trailing weight is decreased. Additional loading of the rear axle is adjusted by adding ballast weights to the rear wheels or on a cross bar of lower arms. For each case of loading by pulling force, it is necessary to provide the proper rational weight distribution to achieve the highest propulsive efficiency.
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Fang, Yong Zheng, Min Jin, Qing Bo He, Hui Shen, Guo Jian Jiang, and Jia Yue Xu. "Crack Behavior of Si-Doped GaAs Crystals Grown by Pulling-Down Method." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.88.
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The crack behavior of Si-doped GaAs crystals produced by a novel pulling-down method was investigated. Some cracks were observed in the crystal tail part and no twins or polycrystals were observed. The cracking mechanism was discussed considering the growth parameters, such as the pulling-down rate, annealing time and cooling speed of the furnace. The crystal was easily broken if the cooling rate was too fast. To avoid cracking, the temperature profile and the growth parameters had been optimized. The cleavage property of the GaAs crystal was strongly related to its atomic arrangement and corresponding electron density map. Ultrasonic vibration or mechanical machine would make the crystal cleaved along (110) plane. GaAs crystal displayed a strong anisotropic crack property under the force of microindentation test.
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Kneba, Zbigniew, and Jacek Kropiwnicki. "The Initial Selection of Parameters for Dynamic Brake for Car Engine Test Dynamometer." Key Engineering Materials 597 (December 2013): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.597.179.
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The article presents an analysis of the car engine loads. The aim of the analysis was to determine the parameters of the brake / electric motor on an engine test bad. Analysis of loads on the driving tests concerned on chassis dynamo to simulate them on an engine dynamometer. To check the range of dynamometer shaft angular acceleration inertial mass of a car was reduced on the crankshaft axis. The calculations of maximum shaft acceleration were performed. Also the whole car acceleration when pulling away from the place was calculated. Calculations were verified by experiment on road. They both gave a good agreement.
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Spugnoli, Paolo, Alessandro Parenti, Piernicola Masella, and Esteban Melani. "TEST OF AN ANIMAL DRAWN FIELD IMPLEMENT CART." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2008.2.1.
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The field performance of a horse-drawn hitch cart equipped with a PTO system powered by the two cart ground wheels have been investigated. For this purpose field tests on clay and turf soil, with varying ballast and PTO torque, have been carried out pulling the cart by a tractor. Preliminary tests were aimed at assessing the traction capability of horse breed. These tests showed that the mean draught force given by two of these horses was 173daN, average working speed was about 1m*s-1, resulting a mean draught power developed by each horse of about 0.86kW. The PTO cart system performance has shown that the torque has not exceeded 2.4daN*m, maximum draught or PTO power was 1.15kW, rotation speed just higher than 400min-1, with mean efficiency of about 50%. These values are consistent with horse performance and small haymaking, fertilizing, seeding and chemical application machine requirements.
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Grosskopf, Curtis. "JEDEC's Generation of Wire Bond Pull Test Methods to Address Pulling of Copper Wire Bonds." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2021, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 000249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1085-8024-2021.1.000249.
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Abstract More than 50 years ago when the wire pull test method was initially added to Mil-Std 883, in Condition D of Method 2011, Bond Strength (Destructive Bond Pull Test), the test procedure and minimum pull force values were based on pull testing of mostly ultrasonic wedge bonded aluminum and gold wires of just a few different diameters. The minimum pull force values from that original data were extrapolated to cover a much wider range of wire diameters for both gold and aluminum wires. Since the release of this test method the electronics industry has manufactured copper ultrasonic wedge bonds, widely adopted copper thermosonic ball bonding roughly 15 years ago, and even developed a niche market for silver thermosonic ball bonding. The industry also developed specialty bonds such as security bonds, reverse bonds also called "stitch on ball", and even multi-loop wires and ribbons. In all that time neither the test procedure nor the minimum pull force values in Method 2011 were reviewed to determine their appropriateness for these new materials or new types of bonds, even though the industry widely referenced the test method for all of them and thus, by default, accepted its use for all of them. In late 2013, I led a working group within JEDEC's JC14.1 subcommittee, Reliability Test Methods for Packaged Devices, to update JEDEC JESD22-B116, Ball Bond Shear Test Method, to expand its scope to include the shearing of Cu ball bonds. It took the working group three years to address the necessary technical issues to ensure that the revised test method adequately addressed the shearing of copper ball bonds and propose minimum acceptable shear values. The working group produced a greatly improved document with drawings and images depicting the different shear fail modes of both gold and copper bonds and added several informative annexes to aid in the performing of the test method. By 2018 it was apparent that none of the most commonly referenced wire pull test methods in the electronics industry had made any significant progress in updating their documents to include Cu wire bonds. Therefore, the JC14.1 working group agreed to work jointly with the JC-13.7 Subcommittee, New Electronic Device Technology, to create a new, wire pull test method document under JC14.1 that would be a companion to the JESD22-B116. This new document will use Method 2011, Conditions C and D as its basis, but expand on its scope to cover copper wire bonds, both ultrasonic wedge and thermosonic ball bonds. The new test method will describe the process for a ball pull test and a stitch pull test that are referenced for copper bonds by AEC Q006, Qualification Requirement for Component Using Copper (Cu) Wire Interconnection. The test method will also provide guidance on how to perform pull testing on several different bond types used today including reverse bonds, multi-loop bonds, and stacked die. The working group plans to propose minimum pull values for copper wire bonds which JC14.1 will reference in JESD47, Stress-Test-Driven Qualification of Integrated Circuits. After the joint working group completes its work, which is targeted for some time in 2022, JC13.7 would then be able to use the output of this working group to update Method 2011 Conditions C & D. This paper will first briefly discuss the updates made to B116 to cover Cu wire bonds, but mainly focus on the work that has so far been completed by the joint working group, including a general outline of the proposed new document, JESD22-B120, Wire Bond Pull Test Methods.
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Cao, Liwen, Shuaitong Miao, and Lizhi Gu. "Design and Cutting Test Analysis of Chinese Cabbage Harvester." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2185, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2185/1/012005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Chinese cabbage is a major vegetable widely planted in most areas of my country. With the increase in market demand and the growth of Chinese cabbage planting area, traditional manual harvesting can no longer meet the development needs of the times, and agricultural mechanization has become a trend. In view of the actual production situation of Chinese cabbage in China, the important parts of the Chinese cabbage harvester are designed based on the TRIZ theory, and the working principle of the Chinese cabbage harvester is clarified. The designed Chinese cabbage harvester includes the functions of pulling, transporting and cutting roots, and completes most of the work required for manual harvesting. Carrying out cutting experiments to explore the best cutting parameters in the root cutting process is conducive to the subsequent design and research of the Chinese cabbage harvester.