Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Puissance du signal reçu'
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Liu, Siyang. "Efficient machine learning techniques for indoor localization in wireless communication systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST188.
Full textWith rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), the need of indoor location-based services such as asset management, navigation and tracking has also grown overtime. For indoor localization, navigation satellite systems such as GPS has limited usage since a direct line-of-sight to satellites is unavailable.Various solutions have been proposed for indoor localization such as trilateration, triangulation, dead reckoning, but their performance is limited by indoor channel conditions, such as shadowing and multipath fading. By exploiting the mapping between wireless signal feature measurements and positions, fingerprinting based methods have shown the potential to provide good localization performance with sufficient data. However, indoor localization still faces challenges like scalability, cost and complexity, privacy, etc.The focus of this thesis is to improve efficiency of indoor localization using machine learning techniques. We divide the localization process into two phases: offline radio mapping phase and online localization phase. During the offline phase, we introduce dataset analysis as an intermediate step between dataset creation and localization. We propose two numerical dataset quality indicators which can provide feedback to improve the radio map. Moreover, feature extraction and dataset processing using machine learning tools are integrated to improve efficiency by reducing the data size and computation complexity while improving localization performance. We propose a k-means based radio mapping method which can reduce the number of fingerprints by over % without losing useful information in the radio map or degrading localization performance. By exploring the hierarchical nature of large datasets, we propose a hierarchical feature extraction method which can further reduce localization complexity without compromising localization performance.For the online localization phase, we explore both traditional machine learning and deep learning. We first introduce several traditional machine learning methods and compare the localization performance on public datasets. We aim to improve localization performance of traditional methods.To cope with privacy and complexity issue, we introduce federated learning framework for indoor localization problem. In this framework, the clients share only their local models to the central server instead of the fingerprinting data. We first compare the performance with federated and centralized learning. Then, we further study the impact on different client numbers and local data size. To reduce communication cost during the training process, we evaluate different measures including client selection, gradient accumulation and model compression. An efficient compression method is proposed to compress local models which can reduce the uplink communication cost by 91.5% without compromising localization performance. At last, we consider a limit on uplink capacity and evaluate different compression strategies
Bildea, Ana. "Link Quality in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM054/document.
Full textThe goal of the thesis is to investigate the issues related to the temporal link quality variation in large scale WSN environments, to design energy efficient link quality estimators able to distinguish among links with different quality on a short and a long term. First, we investigate the characteristics of two physical layer metrics: RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) and LQI (Link Quality Indication) on SensLAB, an indoor large scale wireless sensor network testbed. We observe that RSSI and LQI have distinct values that can discriminate the quality of links. Second, to obtain an estimator of PRR, we have fitted a Fermi-Dirac function to the scatter diagram of the average and standard variation of LQI and RSSI. The function enables us to find PRR for a given level of LQI. We evaluate the estimator by computing PRR over a varying size window of transmissions and comparing with the estimator. Furthermore, we show using the Gilbert-Elliot two-state Markov model that the correlation of packet losses and successful receptions depend on the link category. The model allows to accurately distinguish among strongly varying intermediate links based on transition probabilities derived from the average and the standard variation of LQI. Finally, we propose a link quality routing model driven from the F-D fitting functions and the Markov model able to discriminate accurately link categories as well as high variable links
Njima, Wafa. "Méthodes de localisation de capteurs dans le contexte de l'Internet des Objets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1264.
Full textWith the growing emergence of the Internet of Things and the importance of position information in this context, localization is attracting more and more attention in the researchers' community. The outdoor location is provided by GPS which is not suitable for indoors environments. Several indoor localization techniques exist, but there is not yet a standard.Existing methods are mainly based on trilateration or fingerprinting. Trilateration is a geometric method that exploits thedistances between an object and reference points to locate it. This method only works when we have at least 3 access points detected and is strongly affected by multi paths. In order to overcome these disadvantages, the fingerprinting methodcompares the fingerprint associated to the object to be located to a fingerprints' database constructed on offline. The estimated position is a combination of the selected training positions. This method is of great interest. However, it requiressignificant computing and storage capabilities. The aim of this thesis is to improve the existing localization techniqueswhile maintaining a satisfying localization accuracy with low computational complexity. In order to overcome the disadvantages of these two classes of localization techniques, we propose alternative approaches. For trilateration, it hasbeen combined with an optimization process that aims at completing the inter-node distance matrix from partially knowndata. Advanced optimization algorithms have been used in developing the mathematical equation corresponding to eachone. Using this method, we came up with a localization solution for a distributed IoT architecture. As for fingerprinting, we have exploited it to develop localization systems for a centralized IoT architecture. A comparative study between different metrics of similarity evaluation is conducted. This study was followed by the development of a linear model generating a mathematical relation that links the powers of the signal received by an object to its coordinates. This helps to reduce the online complexity of and adapts our system to real time. This is also ensured by the development of a CNN model which deal with the localization problem as radio images classification problem. The performances of all proposed approaches are evaluated and discussed. These results show the improvement of the performances of basic techniques in terms of localization accuracy and complexity
Yattoun, Ismail. "Etude et mise en œuvre d’un banc de caractérisation fort-signal de transistors en ondes millimétriques : Application à la conception d'amplificateurs de puissance hybrides en bande Ka." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2016.
Full textThe optimized and efficient design of solid state power tanplifiers (SSPA) require the experimental large-signal characterization of transistors usina a load-pull test-bench. :The purpose is to determine the optimum device'sperfomances which depend on the operating conditions (frequency, bias voltages , input power) and loading-conditions. The optimum load impedances associated with maximum added power or with maximum added power efficiency for a given input power level can be obtained and, as a result, the information derived tiom these measurements maximizes circuit performances with reduced development time. With this approach, the non-lincar model of transistors at high frequencies can also be validated, thus improvise, the reliability of microwave design tools. The characterization of transistors under large signal is performed in the millimetre-wave range using the active loop technique with a new configuration implemented in the test bench. The design of power amplifiers for telecommunication applications at 28/30 GHz or 41 GHz can be therefore carried out
Adrien, Cutivet. "Caractérisation et modélisation de dispositifs GaN pour la conception de circuits de puissance hyperfréquence." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7929.
Full textAbstract: Amongst the emerging and developing technologies of the 21st century, wireless transmission is a fundamental aspect for mobile networks, aeronautics, spatial applications and global positioning systems. Concerning the associated technological solutions, the new challenges to overcome are both the performance increases in terms of data quantity as well as the associated device features in terms of size, production costs, energetic consumption and reliability. In that sense, the use of higher frequency bandwidths and increase of transmission channels are aimed by various current research works. Investigated technologies are based upon integrated systems to meet the criteria of devices costs and size. As the cornerstone of such devices, the transistor largely accounts for the final system performance in terms of working frequency, reliability and consumption. To respond to the challenges of today and tomorrow challenges, alternatives to the dominant current silicon process are clearly considered. To date, gallium nitride based technology is found to be the most promising for hyperfrequency power amplification for Ka and W bands given the associated physical and electrical characteristics, prototypes performance and first commercial “off-the-shelf” products. Exploitation of this technology to its full potential requires controlling and mastering the involved fabrication, characterization and modeling steps related to the transistor. This work aims at establishing a methodology enabling a semi-physical modeling of experimental transistors which exhibit state-of-the-art performance. A significant part of this work will also focus on thermal characterization of devices under test and on modeling of secondary elements (passive elements) suited for the design of hyperfrequency amplifiers.
Estagerie, François-Xavier. "Modélisation comportementale d’amplificateurs de puissance pour les applications radars." Limoges, 2008. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/34fbc763-5a1b-437e-96d2-dfcc53d11c8b/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4027.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns behavioral modeling of power amplifier. The choosen formalism (nonlinear scattering functions) allows an efficient solution in case of output loading impedance mismatch (until strong V. S. W. R. ) and an obvious and fast identification process. The implementation of this model in circuit environment (A. D. S. ), validates this principle thanks to very good results. Its implementation in system simulator (Scilab/Scicos) concludes the validation of this “black-box model” in temporel environment. In the last part, a new concept of behavioral modeling - topologic modeling - has been established. The approach is directly derived from the topology of the amplifier. Thus, this model is divided into linear and nonlinear sub-models, respectively associated to passive and active elements. This model will be able to take into account in future output loading impedance mismatch but also hight frequency and thermal memory effects into power amplifier
Bernard, Catherine. "Optimisation d'antennes compactes du type multitête pour émission sonar de forte puissance en basses fréquences." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10186.
Full textBousbia, Hind. "Analyse et développement de la caractérisation en puissance, rendement et linéarité de transistors de puissance en mode impulsionnel." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f409eab6-d21e-443d-9d6b-b14970380c32/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0063.pdf.
Full textIt is admitted today that wide band-gap materials will make it possible to push back the borders reached to date in the field of RF power generation. The analysis of the properties of wide band-gap materials, and especially the GaN material, highlights that it is a serious candidate for telecommunication and radar applications. RF field effect transistors on GaN are prone to show dispersive behaviors due to heating and trapping effects. A non linear electrothermal model of these high frequency FETs transistors on GaN used in this work makes possible the analysis of dispersive behaviors due to heating and trapping effects. A comparison of performances in terms of output power, power added efficiency and linearity has been made between simulation and measurement results for two type of excitation: one tone pulsed signal and two tones pulsed signal. The use of a one tone pulsed excitation permitted the validation of an HBT electrothermal model and the expertise of different technological process of these transistors. The use of a two tone pulsed excitation has permitted to observe the trade-offs between power added efficiency and linearity versus trapping effects. The measurements carried out on an original configuration of the load pull set up for intermodulation measurements under pulsed conditions had shown the actual limitations of the transistor model
Debreux, Philippe. "Correction numérique des non-linéarités dans les émetteurs de radiodiffusion numérique terrestre." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10307.
Full textMbaye, Amadou. "Linéarisation des amplificateurs de puissance large-bande pour des applications de communications tactiques et de diffusion audio ou vidéo numérique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1021/document.
Full textPower amplifier is one of the most critical element within radiocommunications systems. The PA is their main source of nonlinearities and it has a great contribution on the emitter's power consumption. Running the PA with highest power efficiency is thus as crucial as having it linear for a good communication quality. However these two specifications of the PA are antagonistic and PA manifacturers need to find a compromise between linearity and power efficiency. Digital Predistortion (DPD) and Crest factor Reduction techniques are intended to improve power efficiency while preserving linearity or inversely. Linearization of wideband RF power amplifiers using Digital Predistortion is the focus of this thesis. Three DPD issues are investigated in these works. The first issue deals with multiband linearization where signals with various waveforms located at different frequency bands are amplified. The second objective of this thesis is to study a concurrent DPD/CFR systems based on an automatic estimation of the necessary CFR gain. The last part of this dissertation deals with PA linearization under antenna load variations. Indeed, the impedance of antenna may vary because of electromagnetic objects that are present in its vicinity. Those impedance variations may instigate signal reflections toward the PA, that modify some of its main specifications (linearity, delivered power and efficiency). Our goal in this field is to preserve DPD linearization performances under antenna load mismatch
Frappé, Antoine. "All-digital RF signal generation using delta-sigma modulation for mobile communication terminals." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Frappe.pdf.
Full textDiallo, Mamadou Lamarana. "Contribution aux techniques dites d'ajout de signal pour la Réduction du Facteur de Crête des signaux OFDM." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SUPL0005/document.
Full textOne of the main drawbacks of the OFDM modulation scheme is its high Peak-To-Average Power variation (PAPR) which can induce poor power efficiency at the transmitter amplifier. The digital base band pre-distortion for linearisation of power amplifier and the PAPR mitigation are the most commonly used solution in order to deals with efficiency and linearisation at the high power amplifier. This thesis is focused on the PAPR mitigation solution, and particularly on the adding signal based techniques. The proposed solutions in this report are about improving the Tone Reservation method which is the most popular adding signal based technique for PAPR mitigation, and also the classical clipping method which is the most simple method (in terms of computational complexity) actually
Le, Gallou Nicolas. "Modélisation par séries de volterra dynamiques des phénomènes de mémoire non linéaires pour la simulation système d'amplificateurs de puissance." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0021.
Full textThis work, undertaken in collaboration between IRCOM and Alcatel Space Industries deals with behavioral medeling of microwave high power amplifiers. Based of Modified Volterra Series Formalism (Dynamic Kernel Volterra Series) three types of models are presented for the simulation of power amplifier under multicarrier conditions. .
Touati, Fayçal. "Intégration d'antennes sur silicium en technologie BiCMOS pour des objets communicants de faible puissance au delà de 10 GHz." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0032.
Full textThe RF transmission of the data are subject to indoor propagation at high frequency bands, beyond mobile telephony spectrum standards. Nowaday, the onchip radio front-end contains passive components such like, spiral inductors and capacitors. Thinking about integrating (in terms of microelectronic integration) the antenna including its switching capabilities, seems to be interesting in the field of Smart Deviees operating at high frequency ranges. The aim of this study, is to simulate, design and measure dipole antennas directly coupled to VCO's, using standard (industrial type) silicon BiCMOS technology. The considered operating frequencies are in the range of 10 to 20 GHz. By achieving this study, the technological issues for antenna integration will be highlighted and the capabilities of the considered standard BiCMOS microelectronic technologies will be investigated to allow on-chip antenna implementation with acceptable performances
Lajoinie, Jérôme. "Contribution à la conception optimale en terme de linéarité et consommation des amplificateurs de puissance en fonctionnement multiporteuses." Limoges, 2000. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/db9f1c38-f96b-4798-9ae8-94e63c48d9fb/blobholder:0/2000LIMO0007.pdf.
Full textThe signals used in modern telecommunication systems are very complex in the sense that multicarrier signals, digitally modulated and spread spectrum signals are required. The main characteristic of these signals is their time variant envelope. To characterize the linearity of power amplifiers used in these systems, one of the criterions, which is essential today is the NPR (Noise Power Ratio). After the description of the means of power amplifier characterizations under CW and multicarrier operations as well as CAD tools, an in depth study of the multicarrier linearity factor used (the NPR) is undertaken. A design method for power amplifier in terms of linearity and consumption was developed. This method is based on the optimisation of a new specific figure of merit (C/(N+I)=f(Pdc/N) which directly integrates the total signal to noise ratio of the system in a joint optimization of consumption and NPR. A systematic study of the optimal loading impedance and the operation classes of amplifiers is performed. One shows the interest of taking into account load and source impedances at the 2nd harmonic. The new design methodology is applied to the realization of two amplifiers optimized in linearity and consumption. An experimental checking validates the successive steps of the design. A complete characterization on a NPR measurement set-up of the two produced amplifiers is presented
Ben, Hadj Slama Jaleleddine. "Modélisation du rayonnement électromagnétique des circuits d'électronique de puissance : Application à un hacheur." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260191.
Full textLienhardt, Anne-Marie Gateau Guillaume Meynard Thierry. "Étude de la commande et de l'observation d'une nouvelle structure de conversion d'énergie de type SMC (Convertiseur Multicellulaire Superposé)." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000335.
Full textLe, Minh Hoang. "Various Positioning Algorithms based on Received Signal Strength and/or Time/Direction (Difference) of Arrival for 2D and 3D Scenarios." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS072.pdf.
Full textLocalization has fascinated the researchers for centuries and has motivated a large amount of studies and developments in communications. The aim of positioning problems is to determine the position of the mobile device. Positioning algorithms can be divided into 3 methods: Trilateration, Multilateration and Triangulation. Trilateration utilizes the distances between the mobile device and all the base stations around to estimate the mobile position. These distances can be estimated via the Time of Arrival (ToA) or the Received Signal Strength (RSS). In Multilateration, the position location is based on measured quantities whose values are a function of the Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) of the two ToAs. As for Triangulation, the directions of the incident signals play the most crucial role in the localization. Thus, it is also referred to as Direction-based Localization. The Direction of Arrival (DoA) of each incident wave is taken into account to solve the positioning problem. Each DoA is expressed by a single angle in 2D scenarios, and a pair of angles in 3D scenarios. There are noticeable differences between Network-Positioning and Self-Positioning. In Network-Positioning, the mobile device is directly localized based on the DoAs of the incident signals; meanwhile, in Self-Positioning, its position is estimated by the Direction Difference of Arrival (DDoA) between each pair of incident signals, because the DoA of each signal arriving to the Mobile Device is ambiguous. In this dissertation, we study all the localization approaches described above. Our spotlight is for Triangulation, which has many sub-scenarios to analyze. The results are obtained by MATLAB simulations
Desrumaux, Laurent. "Contribution à la conception de sources de rayonnement Ultra Large Bande appliquées à l'imagerie Radar et aux rayonnements forte puissance." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/30fa4b9e-60bc-4c6f-9b0e-810914356a83/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4034.pdf.
Full textThis document presents the design and the realization of a miniature Ultra Wide Band antenna, dedicated to the radiation of very short pulses in the frequency band [800MHz - 8GHz]. From experimental performances, the association of this antenna with an optoelectronic device, assuring the best synchronization possible between different sources, has lead to the evaluation of the performances of a global system including as many generators as antennas (evaluation of the necessary antenna number in the array to radiate a power density of 1W/cm² at a distance of 1km as function of the peak level of the feeding pulses). Previously dedicated to electronic warfare applications, this antenna has also been used for imaging Radar applications. It has been the starting point in the development of a novel autonomous and ultrafast Radar system, consisting in radiating pulses in different directions successively along time, azimuth per azimuth. This development has been made possible thanks to the use of a particular optoelectronic device, based on the creation of asynchronous optical pulses trains with different repetition rates. Finally, in order to obtain an electromagnetic image of the analyzed scene with this principle, two imaging algorithms have been developed, each of them being associated with a particular reception configuration. These algorithms have been compared with the time reversal method and the back projection algorithm, in association with a SAR imaging system
De, Groote Fabien. "Mesures de formes d’ondes temporelles en impulsions : application à la caractérisation de transistors micro-ondes de forte puissance." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/57ec33c5-97ed-43c9-844a-9afef07bd214/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4031.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with time domain characterization of microwave power transistors, in continuous and pulsed modes. A setup has been created with the Large Signal Network Analyser, in order to manage together the constraints of these two objectives : time domain and power characterization. For this kind of setup, a key point is the coupling method, which has used and improved localized techniques defined in the 50s. This method can improve characteristics of the classical couplers in this kind of setup, to introduce as less losses as possible in the main RF path, up to 20 GHz. The second part consists in allowing this setup’s measurements in pulsed mode. A method to acquire data in this mode has been developed, in order to keep all the setup’s dynamic range, even for duty cycles of 0. 0001. In the last part, the interest of measuring time domain slopes with electrical performances is showed, to reach the transistor’s limits in terms of voltage and current. Power capabilities of this setup have been demonstrated with a HEMT AlGaN/GaN Tiger up to 20 W at 2 GHz
Zhang, Hao. "Circuit d'amplification Doherty intégré large bande pour applications radio cellulaires de puissance." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2265.
Full textThis work presents the design, realization and measurement result of integrated broadband Doherty amplification circuits for base stations, required for 5G. Initially, based on the research for techniques to improve electrical efficiency for signals with high dynamic range, the Doherty technique is chosen to continue the work. Studies on different Doherty architectures showed that performance can be improved and extended by adding a third stage (3-way Doherty) with calculated auxiliary transistors’ sizes for which are operated in class C mode. Limitations on the practical use of the Doherty technique is demonstrated by the considerations of various non linearities of the LDMOS transistors. The research of wideband architectures shows simultaneous advantages of integration and broadband capability by the CdS absorption technique and the use of mixed type of input splitters. Based on the results of various studies, three-way Doherty MMIC power amplifiers were designed and realized using the CdS absorption technique with an asymmetry ratio of 1 : 3 : 3 in the band of 1805 MHz to 2170 MHz. Experimental performances have shown the potentialities of the 3-way Doherty and a clear efficiency improvement over the entire frequency band. Specific wideband operating conditions are presented to reduce distortion products of third (IMD 3), 10th and 12th (IMD 10/12). The linearity measurements at different instantaneous bandwidths are very encouraging and validate the new asymmetric three-way Doherty architecture
Amairi, Amor. "Caractérisation en petit signal, en puissance et en impédances des transistors à effet de champ millimétriques : étude et réalisation d'un banc de "load-pull à charge active" 26,5-40 GHz." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10090.
Full textCauffet, Gilles. "Optimisation d'une chaîne de mesures électriques pour l'électronique de puissance : analyse des problèmes de mesure, caractérisation, correction et validation." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134137.
Full textBien qu'en théorie la grandeur cherchée soit simplement le produit du courant par la tension, aucun oscilloscope ne permet d'atteindre la précision requise. Au long de cette étude, de nombreuses causes d'erreurs sont identifiées. Pour la plupart d'entre elles, des améliorations faisant appel soit à des procédures d'étalonnage - correction, soit à des techniques de traitement du signal, sont présentées et testées.
Les erreurs introduites par les convertisseurs analogique-numérique de l'oscilloscope (quantification, non linéarités), ainsi que par les sondes de tension et de courant sont étudiées avec un soin particulier.
Enfin, l'ensemble de cette étude permet de dégager des méthodes de mesures et des critères pour le choix d'un oscilloscope numérique pour ce type d'application. Ce travail s'est concrétisé par le développement et la mise au point d'une chaîne de mesure pour l'électronique de puissance.
Goral, Benoit. "Technique et Méthodologie de Conception du Réseau de Distribution d'Alimentation d'une Carte Electronique Rapide à Haute Densité d'Interconnexion." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN037/document.
Full textToday's economical context leads electronics and high-tech corporations not only to innovate with a sustained rhythm but also to reduce the design cycle of new products. In order to remain competitive, these corporations must release regularly new products with new functionalities or enhancing performances of the last generation of this product. The enhancement from one generation of the product to the other can be quantified by the speed of execution of a task, the package size or form factor, the battery life and power consumption.The design methodology following these constraints is thus very tough. Indeed, integration of new functionalities as miniaturization of products imply a densification of the printed circuit board. The number of layer in the stack up is increased, isolation between nets is reduced, the use of integrated circuits embedding different functions as SOC or SIP implies a multiplication of the number of voltages. Moreover the increase of circuit performances implies a increasing data rate exchanged between component of the same printed circuit board and occasioning a widening of the reference clock and signal frequency spectrum. These design constraints are the root cause of the apparition of electromagnetic compatibility, signal integrity and power integrity issues. Failure risks must then be limited by fully understanding phenomenon occurring on the board by, on one side, realizing a precise dimensioning pre layout analysis aiming the elimination or reduction of the issues at the beginning of the design cycle, and on the other side, validating the layout by post layout simulation once the printed circuit board routed.This study proposed by Thales Communication and Security in collaboration with public research laboratory SATIE (System and Application of Energy and Information Technologies) of Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan within a industrial convention for development through research aims to develop a design methodology for power delivery network of digital printed circuit board with the goal of ensuring good behavior without or by reducing the number of prototypes.The first chapter of this manuscript include an introduction to the context of the study, a precise description of the studied system and the physical phenomenon ruling its behavior, and finally a state of the art of the power integrity technique analysis. A presentation of the test vehicle, designed during the work and support of all measurement results will constitute the focus of second chapter. This chapter presents and describes all the scenarios and implementations created for the observation and measurement of Power Integrity phenomenon and realise measurement-simulation results correlation. In a third part, modeling techniques of each element of the Power Delivery Network are described. The validity of the models is proven by correlating simulation results of each element with measurement results. The fourth chapter presents the analysis and design methodology developed from the results of the different modeling techniques presented in the previous chapter. Simulation tools and their configuration are precisely described and simulation results are compared with measurement results obtained on the test vehicle for the whole system. In the fifth chapter, the interest of power delivery network model will be extended to signal integrity analysis demonstrating how including this model allows to obtain simulation results closer from measurement results by running Signal Integrity Power aware simulation. Finally, the last part of this document synthetizes the work realized and presented in this document, takes a critical look on it and proposes future works and orientations to extend knowledges and understanding of Power Integrity Phenomenon
Forestier, Stéphane. "Gestion dynamique de la génération de puissance en hyperfréquence pour des modulations numériques : Applications à l'optimisation des performances d'un amplificateur millimétrique." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0550ccba-ec85-4e00-a664-f090f687c9d2/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0019.pdf.
Full textDelebarre, Christophe. "Caractérisation des milieux hétérogènes par traitement du signal ultrasonore rétrodiffusé." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8a8ee375-5986-4f43-bd0c-148bf953452b.
Full textManyam, Venkata Narasimha. "Mixed-signal predistortion for small-cell 5G wireless nodes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLT015/document.
Full textSmall-cell base stations (picocells and femtocells) handling high bandwidths (> 100 MHz) will play a vital role in realizing the 1000X network capacity objective of the future 5G wireless networks. Power Amplifier (PA) consumes the majority of the base station power, whose linearity comes at the cost of efficiency. With the increase in bandwidths, PA also suffers from increased memory effects. Digital predistortion (DPD) and analog RF predistortion (ARFPD) tries to solve the linearity/efficiency trade-off. In the context of 5G small-cell base stations, the use of conventional predistorters becomes prohibitively power-hungry.Memory polynomial (MP) model is one of the most attractive predistortion models, providing significant performance with very few coefficients. We propose a novel FIR memory polynomial (FIR-MP) model which significantly augments the performance of the conventional memory polynomial predistorter. Simulations with models extracted on ADL5606 which is a 1 W GaAs HBT PA show improvements in adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of 7.2 dB and 15.6 dB, respectively, for 20 MHz and 80 MHz signals, in comparison with MP predistorter. Digital implementation of the proposed FIR-MP model has been carried out in 28 nm FDSOI CMOS technology. With a fraction of the power and die area of that of the MP a huge improvement in ACLR is attained.An overall estimated power consumption of 9.18 mW and 116.2 mW, respectively, for 20 MHz and 80 MHz signals is obtained.Based on the proposed FIR-MP model a novel low-power mixed-signal approach to linearize RF power amplifiers (PAs) is presented. The digital FIR filter improves the memory correction performance without any bandwidth expansion and the MP predistorter in analog baseband provides superior linearization. MSPD avoids 5X bandwidth requirement for the DAC and reconstruction filters of the transmitter and the power-hungry RF components when compared to DPD and ARFPD, respectively.The impact of various non-idealities is simulated with ADL5606 (1 W GaAs HBT PA) MP PA model using 80 MHz modulated signal to derive the requirements for the integrated circuit implementation. A resolution of 8 bits for the coefficients and a signal path SNR of 60 dB is required to achieve ACLR1 above 45 dBc, with as little as 9 coefficients in the analog domain. Discussion on the potential circuit architectures of subsystems is provided. It results that an analog implementation is feasible. It will be worth in the future to continue the design of this architecture up to a silicon prototype to evaluate its performance and power consumption
Qoria, Taoufik. "Nouvelles lois de contrôle pour former des réseaux de transport avec 100% d’électronique de puissance." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE041.
Full textThe rapid development of intermittent renewable generation and HVDC links yields an important increase of the penetration rate of power electronic converters in the transmission systems. Today, power converters have the main function of injecting power into the main grid, while relying on synchronous machines that guaranty all system needs. This operation mode of power converters is called "Grid-following". Grid-following converters have several limitations: their inability to operate in a standalone mode, their stability issues under weak-grids and faulty conditions and their negative side effect on the system inertia.To meet these challenges, the grid-forming control is a good solution to respond to the system needs and allow a stable and safe operation of power system with high penetration rate of power electronic converters, up to a 100%. Firstly, three grid-forming control strategies are proposed to guarantee four main features: voltage control, power control, inertia emulation and frequency support. The system dynamics and robustness based on each control have been analyzed and discussed. Then, depending on the converter topology, the connection with the AC grid may require additional filters and control loops. In this thesis, two converter topologies have been considered (2-Level VSC and VSC-MMC) and the implementation associated with each one has been discussed. Finally, the questions of the grid-forming converters protection against overcurrent and their post-fault synchronization have been investigated, and then a hybrid current limitation and resynchronization algorithms have been proposed to enhance the transient stability of the system. At the end, an experimental test bench has been developed to confirm the theoretical approach
Loudot, Serge. "Filtrage actif des réseaux moyenne tension : association d'un convertisseur multicellulaire et d'un circuit passif." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT089H.
Full textAhmed, Sajjad. "Système de mesures temporelles 4-canaux à échantillonnage entrelacé ultra haute fréquence basé sur des amplificateurs « Track & Hold » pour la caractérisation impulsionnelle d’amplificateurs de puissance non linéaires." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/de58888d-e1d7-46b1-88e9-0612c10e1eaa/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4022.pdf.
Full textLes communications de forte puissance, telles que celles des applications radar, sont fondées surdes modulations impulsionnelles de signaux RF. La mesure précise de ces signaux RF impulsionels est très complexe parce que leur bande passante est infinie. Pour obtenir les informations instantanées de phase et d’amplitude, il est nécessaire de les mesurer dans le domaine temporel. Ces mesures temporelles ont aussi des limitations en termes de bande passante et de résolution. Ce travail propose une nouvelle technique de mesure temporelle fondée sur l’utilisation d’amplificateurs « Track and Hold » qui permettent de simplifier les circuits analogiques des instruments. Un système de mesure 4 canaux entièrement calibré a été créé pour caractériser des amplificateurs de puissance non linaires excités par des signaux continus ou pulsés. L’outil de caractérisation permet l’extraction des enveloppes des signaux ainsi que la visualisation de leurs transitoires. Les résultats de mesure ont été analysés et validés par comparaison avec des instruments mesures commerciaux. Le système de mesure réalisé à base de THA est associé à une procédure de traitement temporel cohérent des données entrelacées. Des fréquences d’échantillonnage 100 fois supérieures a la fréquence porteuse pour les signaux continus et 10 fois supérieures pour les signaux impulsionnels ont été obtenus et utilisés pour extraire les variations des réponses transitoires pour différentes conditions de charges
Hamoud, Houssam Eddine. "Linéarisation par pré-distorsion numérique d'amplificateurs de puissance pour les nouvelles générations des systèmes de télécommunications." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0110.
Full textModern communications systems converge towards multi-standard operation combined with high PAPR modulation formats where the power amplifier must first be optimized in efficiency and where linearity will then be corrected by adding a predistorter. If this solution seems functional, it seems inadequate and ineffective on 5G systems where the targeted bandwidths pose both architectural problems (complexity of the observation path) and problems of accuracy of the usual behavioural models based on a simplification of the Volterra series in its discrete form (GMP, DDR) in the face of exacerbated memory effects but also of energy efficiency of the linearized system (DPD+PA). In this context, it becomes necessary to move towards a predistorter model less dependent on the characteristics of the signal to be linearized, in particular by the TPM (Two path Memory) model developed at XLIM, based on a simplification of the Volterra series in its continuous form, is independent of the characteristics of the signal to be linearized.Our work focused on evaluating the linearity performance of the classical models (GMP, DDR) and the TPM model on different power amplifiers either from simulations or from physical measurements of the PA. To do this, we have set up a simulation environmentand an evaluation bench for predistortion models with physical PA in order to quantify ACPR performance according to the variation in signal characteristics (power, frequency, statistics). All these experiments made it possible to verify, on the one hand,the poor robustness of traditional approaches (GMP/DDR) and, on the other hand, the stability of the performance of the TPM approach, whatever the scenario envisaged. This study therefore paves the way for a new generation of pre-distributor which, if extracted once and for all, would only require an update on slow dynamic phenomena (ageing) and would make it possible to consider a simplified architecture of the DPD observation path; thus improving the overall energy efficiency of the linearizedsystem
Deshours, Frédérique. "Mise en œuvre d'un système de mesure load-pull à partir d'un analyseur de réseaux à six-portes pour la caractérisation expérimentale des transistors de puissance." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066118.
Full textOwji, Zahra. "Properties of Mass-Spiking Activity in Humans Measured by Non-Invasive EEG." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5926.
Full textHami, Fahim. "Caractérisation et modélisation comportementale des composants passifs sur une large bande de fréquence en intégrant l'aspect thermique. Application au filtrage CEM." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES004.
Full textPassive components, such as resistors, chokes and capacitors, are widely used in power electronic applications, especially in EMI passive filters. The parasitic elements of these components and the impact of operating conditions (temperature, voltage and current) on their frequency behavior are very significant and should not be neglected; these unwanted effects have a major impact on the global passive circuit performances. This thesis deals with characterization by measurement and modeling of passive components used in power electronics devices, with the aim of estimating and controlling the electromagnetic compatibility of such devices. The thesis was conducted in collaboration with the VeDeCoM and IRSEEM Institutes, including several industry partners of the automotive and avionic sectors. This thesis describes an experimental / modeling approach towards the production of sophisticated models of passive devices, with the inclusion of operational conditions (like temperature effects). The new models are simulated for several values of temperature and load conditions, the obtained results are compared to the experimental measurements in the frequency domain. The developed models are then translated to VHDL-AMS language for an easy implementation in most electrical simulation softwares. Finally, these behavioral models of passive components are subsequently used to model a structure of an EMI filter by integrating the variations of its operating temperature. This model is validated experimentally by comparing, under different constraints, the real behavior of the filter with the simulation results of its developed model
Santos, Pereira Guilherme. "Stabilité des systèmes électriques comportant une forte proportion de sources interfacées par électronique de puissance." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0018.
Full textThe massive insertion of Power Electronics (PE)-based sources into the grid is creating some technical challenges which must be overcome in order to guarantee the stability of the power system. One of the main concerns is due to the characteristics of these sources, which are different to those of Synchronous Machines (SMs). This research intends to provide a supplementary insight into the massive insertion of PE-based sources into the power system, more specifically the evolution of the frequency behaviour of these systems. For this purpose, a set of methods and tools already used on classical SM-based systems is proposed. Reduced order models of PE-based sources behaving as voltage or current sources are proposed, and, since the obtained representations share the same theoretical approach as that employed for SMs, they can be employed together to analyse any power system, regardless its complexity. The reduced order model of the systems can either be designed by representing each source of the original system or using the concept of synchronous areas, providing flexibility in the analysis. Using a step-by-step approach, the frequency behaviours observed with academic systems are deeply analysed with the proposed methodology, and validated with those obtained with detailed EMT models. The proposed approach developed in this work can be used to determine the impact of the penetration rate of PE-based sources on the overall frequency behaviour, and on the intra- and inter-area oscillations of different power systems
Santos, Pereira Guilherme. "Stabilité des systèmes électriques comportant une forte proportion de sources interfacées par électronique de puissance." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0018.
Full textThe massive insertion of Power Electronics (PE)-based sources into the grid is creating some technical challenges which must be overcome in order to guarantee the stability of the power system. One of the main concerns is due to the characteristics of these sources, which are different to those of Synchronous Machines (SMs). This research intends to provide a supplementary insight into the massive insertion of PE-based sources into the power system, more specifically the evolution of the frequency behaviour of these systems. For this purpose, a set of methods and tools already used on classical SM-based systems is proposed. Reduced order models of PE-based sources behaving as voltage or current sources are proposed, and, since the obtained representations share the same theoretical approach as that employed for SMs, they can be employed together to analyse any power system, regardless its complexity. The reduced order model of the systems can either be designed by representing each source of the original system or using the concept of synchronous areas, providing flexibility in the analysis. Using a step-by-step approach, the frequency behaviours observed with academic systems are deeply analysed with the proposed methodology, and validated with those obtained with detailed EMT models. The proposed approach developed in this work can be used to determine the impact of the penetration rate of PE-based sources on the overall frequency behaviour, and on the intra- and inter-area oscillations of different power systems
Lienhardt, Anne-Marie. "Étude de la commande et de l'observation d'une nouvelle structure de conversion d'énergie de type SMC (Convertiseur Multicellulaire Superposé)." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000335/.
Full textDedicated to medium voltage high power applications, the Stacked Multicell Converter was developed and validated within the LEEI at the beginning of years 2000. The first part of this manuscript consists in a comparative study of the losses, performances and costs of IGBT-based 2 and 3-level topologies. The main objective is to legitimate the use of the SMC structure for low voltage/high power applications. The second part is dedicated to the observation of the SMC flying capacitor voltages. An active control of those voltages has to be introduced to ensure a good balancing of the voltage constraint over the power switches. Three estimation methods are presented: a voltage reconstruction, a digital real time simulation of the converter combined with a voltage measure and a sliding mode observer. The aim is to reduce the number of sensors and thus the SMC industrial cost. They were validated by simulation for a 7-level SMC. The sliding mode observer is confirmed experimentally
Louët, Yves. "Prise en compte du facteur de crête dans le dimensionnement des systèmes de télécommunications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00471891.
Full textChaillan, Fabien. "Sécurisation des smart cards par masquage de signal informationnel sur canal secondaire." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145061.
Full textBensaid, Rédha. "Observateurs des tensions aux bornes des capacités flottantes pour les convertisseurs multicellulaires séries." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT013H.
Full textCamus, Manuel. "Architecture de réception RF très faible coût et très faible puissance : application aux réseaux de capteurs et au standard ZigBee." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00309926.
Full textTouzani, Youssef. "Commande aléatoire du convertisseur Buck-Boost triphasé à prélèvement sinusoïdal du courant." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693968.
Full textHussain, Sajjad. "PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF COGNITIVE RADIO SIGNALS." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426930.
Full textLaurent, Johann. "Estimation de la consommation dans la conception système des applications embarquées temps réel." Lorient, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00077293.
Full textHo, Minh Tuan. "Mise en oeuvre d'un système de localisation indoor s'appuyant sur une analyse du mouvement d'un terminal embarqué." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997476.
Full textGillet, Vincent. "Développement d'un banc de load-pull actif innovant, utilisant un signal multi-tons large bande pour la mesure de la linéarité (EVM, NPR, ACPR) des dispositifs actifs." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0114.
Full textThis manuscript describes an innovative use of the Unequally Spaced Multi-Tones test signal to achieve linearity characterization of telecommunication transmitter (5G). This signal offers new perspectives of characterization using real waveform involving a reduce number of tone test signal, which in turn behaves as an extension of the 2- tone characterization. This innovative test signal is easy to generate, to measure and to analyze. It required not particular expensive hardware to be generated (arbitrary waveform generator, spectrum analyzer). It is particularly interesting for production line testing, from on-wafer measurements up to radiofrequency front-end, passing through packaged transistor. This thesis demonstrated the feasability of automation of multitone measurement, using this particular USMT signal, for load-pull measurement (passive and active) of telecommunications transmitters. Managing this measurement technics represents a competitive advantage at all levels of the radio frequency front-end design and an undeniable financial gain
Battiston, Alexandre. "Modélisation, commande, stabilité et mise en oeuvre des onduleurs à source impédante : application aux systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0357/document.
Full textOver the past ten years, hydraulic and thermal technologies tend to make room for electrical system. Fields related to transportation (automotive, avionics, railway or naval) are directly impacted. The interest and dynamism in power electronics Research are justified by the impact of such a field in the development of embedded systems. This thesis focuses on the study of impedance-source inverters as possible topologies to replace conventional ones. Several studies are conducted according to different criteria and do not aim at only comparing the topologies. It proposes solutions and improvements in the control system as well as in its basis architecture. These studies are all applied to an electric traction system composed of an synchronous machine fed by an impedance-source inverter. It is showed that large interests come out of the obtained results. For instance, the cancellation of the high-frequency current ripples allows mastering the quality of the battery current. Moreover, some constraints as regards machine ageing can be reduced by mastering the slew rates dv/dt. Some drawbacks are nevertheless pointed out. There is no need in using such a topology to improve efficiency that is above the same as conventional structures. Moreover, controls of DC-side AC-side of the system are dependent due to the fact that inverter’s control is used to step up the DC-bus voltage
Magne, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité et à la stabilisation des réseaux DC à récupération d'énergie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0119/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the analysis of the instability phenomenon that may appear on the DC bus of DC microgrids. Indeed, interaction between the different electrical subsystems of the grid (source, load, filters) can lead, under certain conditions, to the system instability. From the "Constant Power Load" (CPL) hypothesis for the loads, this thesis presents studying methods for "small-signal" and "large-signal" stability analysis of electrical systems. This highlights that a DC microgrid cannot power the loads more than a maximum limit without becoming unstable. This power limitation depends on the structure of the grid, the value of its passive components, and its bus voltage. In order to improve the microgrid stability, stabilization methods are presented in this thesis. They propose to adapt the loads control to ensure the system stability. This is achieved by the addition of a stabilizing signal to the reference of each load. This signal is only visible during the load power transient mode to not change the requested operating point. However, a good trade-off must be found to ensure system stability without affecting the dynamic performance of its loads. Two approaches are investigated to generate the stabilizing commands. The first one is based on the establishment of a centralized stabilization block. Two centralized methods have been developed: the first one is based on the Takagi-Sugeno theory while the second is based on the Lyapunov theory. This latest permits to guide the stabilizing effort on the desired loads. For example, stabilizing effort can be oriented on the energy storage device. The second approach is based on the establishment of a multi-agent stabilizing system. It consists of a decentralized structure in which each agent corresponds to a stabilization block. These will locally compensate the destabilizing impact of their respective load on the microgrid, and their combined actions ensure the system stability. To design the system, the use of a constrained optimization algorithm is proposed. This permits to minimize stabilization efforts while considering faulty events such as the failure of one of the agents or a reconfiguration of the microgrid
Royet, Anne-Sophie. "Contribution à l'optimisation d'une technologie de composants hyperfréquences réalisés en carbure de silicium (SIC)." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0158.
Full textEl, Rafei Abdelkader. "Analyse des effets dispersifs dans les transistors radiofréquences par mesures électriques." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/381740cc-fba9-4386-9b9d-0e0dd1113527/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4037.pdf.
Full textPower amplifiers (PAs) are key elements of telecommunications and radar front ends at radio frequencies. The potential of the PA is limited by the phenomena of dispersion. In this context, we are interested in the characterization of thermal phenomena in the HBT transistors of different technology (GaAs, InP and SiGe) and characterization of thermal and traps effects in HEMT transistors based on GaN (AlGaN and AlInN) at low frequencies. A bench for low frequency S-parameters measurement [10 Hz, 40 GHz] is set up to enable us to study the behavior of the new components in the frequency range seat of nonlinear parasitic phenomena. A simple, yet accurate, method to experimentally characterize the thermal impedance of Hetero junction Bipolar Transistors (HBT) with different technologies proposed. This method relies on low frequency S-parameters measurements. A detailed study has been initiated to characterize the phenomena of low frequency dispersion in the HEMT transistors based on GaN. The thermal and traps effects are studied for both technologies (AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/GaN) with the method of admittance spectroscopy to quantify the levels of deep traps