Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Publisher and author rights'

La démocratisation de l’écrit dans notre société culturelle moderne a fait que tout un chacun peut se revendiquer auteur. La reconnaissance n’est plus désormais à rechercher à travers la traditionnelle publication chez un éditeur mais à travers l’immatérialité des outils d’auto-édition offerts en ligne. D’une part, avec la phase de désintermédiation qui se joue entre les différents acteurs du secteur littéraire, l’écrivain se passe d’une maison d’édition. L’éditeur disparaît. D’autre part, l’auteur, personnage romantique et emblématique sur lequel le droit d’auteur a été forgé, s’efface progressivement du paysage juridique. Avec l’effacement du mythe est emportée la vision propriétaire des droits d’auteur, au profit de l’utilisateur. L’auteur disparaît. Les nouvelles pratiques de cette société connectée bouleversent le droit et sa capacité d’adaptation. Pourtant le contrat d’édition littéraire, socle de la relation auteur-éditeur, existe bel et bien et constitue le sujet de cette étude. Modèle dominant des contrats d’auteur, l’ambition de cette recherche est d’arriver à saisir à travers cette relation la nature du contrat d’édition et le jeu des nouveaux équilibres posés par l'ère numérique (réforme du Code de propriété intellectuelle), mais aussi de saisir les mutations à la lisière du droit d’auteur qui redéfinissent la possession dans l’ère immatérielle avec les modèles alternatifs du contrat d’édition littéraire (licences libres et creative commons). Les moyens d'y répondre emprunteront à l'analyse juridique mais aussi dans une juste mesure à l'internormativité, qui permettra d'observer le droit avec les yeux du sociologue, de l'économiste et de l'historien
The liberalization of writing in our contemporary cultural society has made it so anyone can now aim for the title of author. The recognition of one’s work is now sought, not through the traditional means of publishing, with the assistance of a professional publisher, but through immaterial processes of self- online publishing. On one hand, thanks to these new means, the author is able to cut the intermediation of the publishing field and to avoid using a professional publishing company. On the other hand, the author, romantic and emblematic character upon whom author’s rights have been forged is fading away from the legal landscape. With the decay of the myth, the ownership conception of author’s rights is taken away by those of the user. The author is fading away. The new customs of our over connected society are dramatically changing law and its ability to adapt. Although, publishing contracts are still a part of the process and are the subject at the heart of this study. The French intellectual property code was able to grant this contract access to the dematerialized world by incorporating the paradigm shift. Main model of publishing contracts, its ambivalent nature is due to the merging of both civil and intellectual property law that can be applied to it. This study aims to capture the true nature of the publishing contract figure, through the relations established between authors and publishers, including their new balance, and also to grasp a full understanding of the mutations surrounding the authors’ rights and that redefine ownership in a now immaterial era through the new alternative means of self-publishing (free licenses and creative commons)

The dissertation presents the life and writings of a major and the most prolific writer and publisher in Gikuyu, Gakaara wa Wanjau, whose activity has never ceased in the last fifty years. The thesis is structured in two parts with appendices; Part One, "Gakaara and the History of Kenya" sketches a historical background to the activities of Gakaara from his childhood days at Tumutumu Church of Scotland mission station to the early nineties. It also outlines the early studies of the Gikuyu language and traditions and early writings in Gikuyu by other Gikuyu authors. Part Two, "Gakaara and His Writings", introduces Gakaara's linguistic and orthographic concerns. It also analyses his primers and his pamphlet on English linguistic interferences in Gikuyu. It examines the impact of the Bible on Gakaara in his formative years and the vernacular press which flourished in the forties; it assesses the influence of the short story correspondence course he received from Britain, while in detention, in the early fifties. Part Two goes on to examine the nature and structure of Gakaara's fictional writings. It singles out their most relevant stylistic features and suggests a possible framework which can be applied to Gakaara's narratives. It -3- also focuses on the presentation of characters and on those "human types" which recur most often in his works. The dissertation also includes three appendices: an extensive interview with Gakaara, English translations of selected writings by Gakaara and a bibliography of Gikuyu studies.

This thesis examines changes in book publishing arising from digital distribution and textual ecology, and how these affect the traditional publisher-author relationship. It considers how the inclusion of fan writers into the industry may help publishing develop in positive ways. The critical exegesis develops a model for a transformative, sharing readership to work with the industry, helping to revitalise the form; while the creative component, science fiction novel, Bibliotek, extrapolates how this model could function.

Intellectual products, scientific knowledge, information, professional, scientific, spiritual and cultural potential of the society today are the driving force behind economic growth, determine the competitiveness of production. This sets a strengthening of the role of intellectual property. The crucial role of intellectual assets in the global economy growth determined the choice of innovative strategy by Ukraine in the 21 stcentury. The important part of that strategy is the development of the national legal framework that includes adoption of the national laws and accession to international agreements that become part of the national legislation. The solution of the problem of forming an effective system of protection of intellectual property is a prerequisite for building a strong background for an innovative model of Ukraine’s development, its modernization, and the raising of its competitiveness in a global social-economic system, and consequently - creating jobs in new industries that could shape a 21st century global economy - an economy based on knowledge. The following thesis is a qualitative study about intellectual property protection and intended for Ukrainian companies and for students as information paper because there is differences between the old system in former Soviet and the European/US systems that has to be understood and business in Ukraine as well as researchers/inventors has to adjust to this different situations in order for companies to exploit the full potential of their innovations, part of this is by IP protection.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2003.
Title from title screen (viewed 15 April 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Social Work, Social Policy & Sociology, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2003; thesis submitted 2002. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

The specific instances of R.H.W. Shepherd and H.I.E. Dhlomo are used in this thesis to investigate some of the many factors that influence the formation of a colonial literature, such as politics, social structures and personal ideals. By isolating the Lovedale Mission Press ~s a "contact zone" - a·place where the cultures of the colonizer and the colonized come into direct contact with each other - it is possible to trace how the interaction between these cultures shaped the writing of a particular African writer, H.I.E. Dhlomo. This is done through an analysis of historical factors that shaped the policy of the Lovedale Mission Press in the twentieth century: the development of liberalism in South Africa, the·role of the missionary in African education, the function ofa liberal magazine such as The South African Outlook and the appointment of an ambitious missionary, R.I.W. Shepherd, to the position of Director of Publications. This necessarily included a study of Shepherd's vision of African literature. On the other hand, this study takes cognisance of the factors that shaped Herbert Dhlomo's vision of literature: the development of African nationalism, the entrenchment of segregation as a politial doctrine, and most importantly, his struggle to have his creative writing published by the Lovedale Press. It is shown how Shepherd's vision of what African literature should entail contrasted with Dhlomo's, and how, as a result, Dhlomo deliberately structured his critical writing as a response to Shepherd's Eurocentric approach to African literature.

Elsa Fougt (1744–1826), a woman entrepreneur, was one of the leading figures in the late eighteenth-century Swedish book trade. Her main enterprise was the printing house Kongl. Tryckeriet (the Royal Printing House), which was responsible for printing and publishing the official documents of the Swedish realm. Besides her office as Royal Printer, she also ran a publishing house, two bookshops and a type foundry, as well as being the editor of the Swedish newspaper Stockholms Weckoblad. The dissertation analyzes Fougt's different enterprises and her position in the book trade between 1780 and 1810, from the perspectives of sociology of literature and gender history. It consists of five independent articles, preceded by an introductory chapter which summarizes the articles and discusses their main findings. The first two articles explore the office of the Royal Printer during the whole eighteenth century, while the third article concerns Elsa Fougt’s position as Royal Printer. The fourth article is a study of Fougt's publishing house, and the fifth and final article focuses on her international bookshop, where, among other things, she sold clandestine books imported from the STN in Switzerland. Fougt's successful career was made possible by a number of favourable circumstances, the most important being her family background and network. Her father Peter Momma held the office of Royal Printer, and Elsa Fougt and her husband Henric inherited his position when he died. When Henric passed away in 1782, Elsa – as a widow – was legally allowed to take up the office of Royal Printer independently. The fact that Elsa Fougt was a woman does not seem to have particularly affected her role as Royal Printer. In comparison with her predecessors, her position as Royal Printer appears to have been rather strong. She was a shrewd businesswoman who successfully negotiated with the authorities for higher financial compensation. Her office was obviously of greater importance than her gender. Being both a publisher, a printer, and a bookseller, Fougt handled most of the functions of the book trade, although she distinguished between these different functions. Furthermore, rather than just being an intermediary of books, she also took part in the creation of them, for example by initiating texts and editing manuscripts. In the book trade of her time, Fougt can be seen as both a traditionalist – holding the inherited office of Royal Printer – and an innovator, representing a more modern literary system with increased specialization.

Western intellectual property frameworks have at least one feature in common: performers are less protected than authors. This situation knows many justifications, although all but one have been dismissed by the literature: performers are simply less creative than authors. As a result, the legal protection covering their work has been proportionally reduced compared to that of their authorial peers. This thesis investigates this phenomenon that it calls the 'author-performer divide'. It uncovers the culturally-rooted principles and legal reasoning that policy-makers and judges of Australia, France, the United Kingdom and the United States have developed to create in the legal narrative a hierarchy between authors and performers. It reveals that those intellectual property systems, though continuously reformed, still contain outdated conceptions of creativity based on the belief in ex nihilo creation and over-intellectualised representations of the creative process. Those two precepts combined have led legal discourse to portray performers as their authors' puppets, thus underserving of authorship themselves. This thesis reviews arguments raised against improving the performers' regime to challenge the preconception of performers as uncreative agents and questions the divide it supports. To this end, it seeks to update the representations of creativity currently conveyed in the law by drawing on the findings of other academic disciplines such as creativity research, performance theories as well as music, theatre and dance studies. This comparative inter-disciplinary study aims to move current legal debates on performers' rights away from the recurring themes and repeated arguments in the scholarship such as issues of fixation or of competing claims, all of which have made conversations stagnate. By including disciplines beyond the law, this analysis seeks to advance the legal literature on the question of performers' intellectual property protection and shift thinking about performative forms of creativity.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the basic elements that affect the image of the Society for the Protection of the Rights of Music Authors and Publishers (in Czech OSA). Based on a study of professional literature it identifies the basic segments of corporate identity, which represent the starting point for building the organization's image and which is further analyzed in detail. Although OSA is not a typical company operating in a market environment (mainly due to its monopolistic position in the Czech Republic), it has something to do with creating a positive organization's image and the so called "goodwill" as well as it have typical profit organizations. The purpose of this analysis is not only to identify the key elements that affect the image of OSA, but also to outline activities that should be followed when creating a positive image. The document works with both recommendations in general terms, so the suggestions in specific areas.

O foco desta tese centra-se na investigação do cenário editorial da Serra Gaúcha/RS/Brasil. Ao compreender a literatura como um sistema que se forma a partir de uma ampla e complexa rede de relações, tem-se como objetivo mapear e analisar os mecanismos de produção, publicação e circulação literária na região, sob o ponto de vista de seus escritores e editores. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma ampla pesquisa sobre escritores e obras que compõem a paisagem literária serrana do ano 2000 até 2016, com o propósito de estruturar o panorama de publicações e de produtores de ficção na região. Em seguida, realizam-se entrevistas pessoais com 25 escritores e 4 editores, com o intuito de verificar como eles percebem sua atuação no sistema literário em questão. Finalmente, as entrevistas são tabuladas e analisadas à luz da sociologia da literatura. Fatores sociais, históricos e culturais específicos da região, assim como as condições de produção, difusão, leitura e público literário, compõem os elementos investigativos desta pesquisa e colaboram para que se compreenda a vida literária na Serra Gaúcha, na atualidade.
This thesis focuses on the investigation of the editorial scenario of the Serra Gaúcha/RS/Brazil. Understanding literature as a system that is formed from a wide and complex network of relations, the objective is to map and analyze the literary mechanisms of production and publication in the region, from the perspective of its writers and editors. Initially, it is based on an extensive research on writers and works that compose the literary scenery from 2000 to 2016, with the purpose of structuring the panorama of publications and fiction producers in the region. Then personal interviews with 25 writers and 4 editors are carried out, in order to verify how they perceive their work in the literary system under discussion. Finally, the interviews are tabulated and analyzed according to the sociology of literature. Particular social, historical and cultural factors of the region, as well as the conditions of production, diffusion, reading and literary public, compose the investigative elements of this research and collaborate to understand the literary life in Serra Gaúcha, at the present time.

O objetivo do estudo é demonstrar a possibilidade e a necessidade de proteção jurídica da voz. Para tanto, o estudo analisa se a voz de uma pessoa é única e se conseguimos diferenciar uma pessoa de outra com base em sua voz, enfocando, principalmente, a dublagem de obras audiovisuais, o uso (ou imitação) da voz de celebridades para fins humorísticos, em campanhas publicitárias, institucionais ou políticas, sem autorização ou para fins diversos e/ou após o período autorizado, bem como a divulgação de entrevistas de pessoas comuns sem que a voz do entrevistado seja descaracterizada e o uso da voz de pessoas comuns para fins diversos do combinado, entre outras hipóteses. Na primeira parte do trabalho, verifica-se que a voz é um som vivo e que existe substancial influência do corpo e dos estados psicológicos na voz, e vice-versa. Assim, afirma-se que a voz é um meio pelo qual a pessoa expressa sua personalidade. A segunda parte do trabalho apresenta a evolução histórica da tutela da voz, enquanto que a terceira parte do trabalho traz um panorama da tutela da voz no direito estrangeiro. Na quarta parte do trabalho, apresenta-se a voz como meio de expressão de idéias, como instrumento para interpretação artística e como instrumento de trabalho, e verifica-se que o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro reconhece a voz como um bem jurídico a ser protegido sob diversos enfoques. Em seguida, analisam-se os possíveis fundamentos existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para a proteção da voz, e constata-se que não há legislação sistematizada sobre o tema. Demonstra-se que muitos autores brasileiros reconhecem na voz um atributo da personalidade, mas não reconhecem a autonomia da voz em relação a outros atributos. Assim, apresentam-se as justificativas para o reconhecimento do direito à voz como um direito da personalidade autônomo, indicando sua natureza jurídica, seu conteúdo, suas características especiais e sua extensão. Aponta-se, ainda, a interrelação do direito à voz com outros direitos da personalidade, sua eventual colisão com direitos de terceiros e possíveis maneiras de solucionar situações fáticas de aparente conflito. Nesse contexto, analisa-se a questão das imitações vocais. Finalmente, é analisada a responsabilidade civil por violação ao direito à voz no Brasil. A quinta parte do trabalho traz propostas para ampliar a efetividade da tutela jurídica da voz no Brasil. O estudo conclui que a voz é um bem jurídico a ser protegido, que essa proteção se dá por meio do direito à voz, direito da personalidade autônomo, cuja extensão deve abranger todas as pessoas, não se podendo mais defender que a tutela da voz limita-se ao âmbito dos direitos conexos ao direito de autor ou a um direito do trabalhador dos meios de comunicação.
The goal of this study is to demonstrate the possibility and necessity of legal protection of the human voice. The study assesses whether a person\'s voice is unique and whether we can distinguish one person from another individual based on their voices. The study focuses mainly on the dubbing of audiovisual works, the use (or imitation) of the voice of celebrities for comedy shows, advertising campaigns, institutional or political use without authorization or for other purposes and/or after the authorized period, as well as the disclosure of the voice in sensitive interviews without cloaking effects and the use of the voice of ordinary people for unauthorized purposes. In the first part of the study, it is shown that the voice is a live sound and that the voice is deeply influenced by the body structure and by psychological elements, and vice versa. Thus, it is said that the voice is a way by which a person expresses their personality. The second part of the study offers the historical evolution of the protection of the voice whereas the third part provides a brief comparative analysis of voice protection in foreign law. The fourth part presents the voice as a way of expressing ideas, as a tool for artistic interpretation, and as a working tool, showing that the Brazilian legal system recognizes the voice as a legal right to be protected under various approaches. The relevant provisions of the Brazilian legal system able to protect the human voice are presented, and it is shown that there is no systematic legislation on the subject matter. In fact, many Brazilian authors acknowledge the voice as an attribute of the human personality, but they do not recognize the autonomy of the voice over other personality attributes. Therefore, the study presents some justifications to acknowledge the legal protection of the human as an independent personality right, indicating its legal nature, contents, special characteristics and extension. The interrelation of the human voice with other personality rights is also presented, along with Possible collisions with third-party rights and the possible ways to resolve factual situations of apparent conflict. In this context, the study explores the issue of vocal imitations. Finally, the liability for violation of the sound of a voice in Brazil is analyzed. The fifth part of the study offers some proposals to expand the effectiveness of the legal protection of the human voice in Brazil. Thus, the study concludes that the human voice is an asset that must be legally protected and that said protection happens by the recognition of a voice right, which is an autonomous personality right, encompassing all people, and that said protection should not be limited to the scope of rights related to copyright or to labor rights of media people.

El principal objetivo de éste proyecto de investigación es la definición de una arquitectura que permita la protección y gestión de los derechos digitales en un entorno de gestión de contenido multimedia, siguiendo estándares abiertos siempre que sea posible. A fin de conseguir dicho objetivo, se analizarán y considerarán múltiples estándares e iniciativas relacionados.
En primer lugar se aborda la definición de una arquitectura preliminar basada en MPEG-21 que permite la protección y gestión de los derechos digitales (DRM) aplicables a contenido multimedia. Más adelante, se presenta una arquitectura genérica y se describen diferentes implementaciones desarrolladas en proyectos nacionales y europeos, como AXMEDIS, VISNET II, Linked-Work y GILDDA. El análisis incluye casos de uso, aspectos de seguridad y la propuesta de una metodología de prueba o test. En el caso de Linked-Work, se detalla una implementación específica, resaltando los conceptos clave que la hacen diferente de otros sistemas de DRM.
The main goal of this research project is to define a generic architecture for the protection and management of digital rights in a multimedia content management scenario following open standards as much as possible. In order to achieve this goal, several standards and initiatives will be analysed and taken into account.
First, a MPEG-21-based preliminary architecture for the protection and management of digital rights for multimedia content is tackled. Later on, a more general architecture is defined. Several implementations are described such as those in several Spanish and European projects such as AXMEDIS, VISNET II, Linked-Work and GILDDA. The focus in made on use cases, security features and a testing methodology. Linked-Work details a specific implementation, emphasising on the key concepts that make it different from other kind of DRM systems.

Un dels principals requeriments de la gestió de drets digitals a la Web és un llenguatge compartit per a la representació del copyright. Les aproximacions actuals es basen en solucions purament sintàctiques, simples i difícils de posar en pràctica.

La contribució d'aquesta tesi és aplicar una aproximació semàntica basada en ontologies web a la gestió de drets digitals. Es desenvolupa una Ontologia del Copyright on les peces bàsiques són un model de creació, el drets de copyright i les accions que és poden dur a terme sobre els continguts. Aquesta ontologia facilita el desenvolupament de sistemes de gestió de drets.

També s'ha aplicat l'enfocament semàntic als principals llenguatges d'expressió de drets. S'han integrat amb l'ontologia per tal d'avaluar-la i a la vegada s'han enriquit amb la seva base semàntica. Finalment, tot això s'ha posat en pràctica en un sistema semàntic de gestió de drets.
Uno de los principales requerimientos de la gestión de derechos digitales en la Web es un lenguaje compartido para la representación del copyright. Las aproximaciones actuales se basan en soluciones puramente sintácticas, simples y difíciles de poner en práctica.

La contribución de esta tesis es aplicar una aproximación semántica basada en ontologías Web a la gestión de derechos digitales. Se desarrolla una Ontología del Copyright cuyas piezas básicas son un modelo de creación, los derechos de copyright y las acciones que se pueden llevar a cabo sobre los contenidos. Esta ontología facilita el desarrollo de sistemas de gestión de derechos.

También se ha aplicado el enfoque semántico a los principales lenguajes de expresión de derechos. Se han integrado con la ontología para evaluarla y a la vez se han enriquecido con su base semántica. Finalmente, todo esto se ha puesto en práctica en un sistema semántico de gestión de derechos.
One of the main requirements of web digital rights management is a shared language for copyright representation. The current approaches are based on syntactic solutions, which are simple and difficult to put into practice.

The contribution of this thesis is to apply a semantic approach based on web ontologies to digital rights management. It develops a Copyright Ontology whose basic pieces are a creation model, the copyrights and the actions that can be carried out on the content. This ontology facilitates rights management systems development.

The semantic approach has also been applied to the main rights expression languages. They have been integrated with the ontology in order to evaluate it and, at the same time, they have been enriched with their base semantics. Finally, all this has been put into practice in a semantic digital rights management system.

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The intensification of globalized relations manifests itself as a determining factor in the search for new technologies, not only to meet current needs, but to safeguard future needs. Innovation brings changes in current technology, fundamental for the Brazilian business environment reality, since most of the companies starts small and goes out of business early in life due to lack of competitiveness. Additionally, the global development of human civilization is intrinsically linked to the realization of human rights, being inseparable from it. These facts reveal the importance that the computer program developers have come to represent to the success of businesses and to the socio-economic development of society. The present study about the rapprochement between the elements of the intellectual property of computer programs and business organizations seeks to examine the value that intellectual work gets in contemporary society under the spectrum of human rights. The research is justified by the daily life employment relations and the increase in new resisted claims which inject, in the legal and social domains of the country, new questions and new perspectives. As initial hypothesis it will be adopted as a premise that the dynamogenic process results in consequences to the needs of human beings. By means of dynamogenesis, the value of intellectual work gains new shades. The main thesis of this dissertation is that the employee who is the author of computer programs has being acquiring a new status socialis in corporate structures and that the company, in order to achieve the desired success, must incorporate the typical values of all three human rights dimensions. Therefore, the present research will make use of the method of hypothetical-deductive approach, based on literature and documental research, aiming to look into the main concepts related to the topic and the approximation among labor, capital, environment and scientific and technological development.
O acirramento das relações globalizadas manifesta-se como um fator determinante na busca por novas tecnologias, não só para atender necessidades presentes, mas para resguardar necessidades futuras. A inovação traz mudanças na tecnologia vigente, fundamental para a realidade empresarial brasileira, posto que a maior parte das empresas começa pequena e encerra suas atividades nos primeiros anos de vida devido à falta de competitividade. Adicionalmente, o desenvolvimento global da civilização humana está intrinsecamente relacionado à efetivação dos direitos do homem, sendo dela indissociável. Estes fatos revelam a importância que os desenvolvedores de programas de computador passaram a representar para o sucesso das empresas e para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da sociedade. O presente estudo sobre a aproximação entre os elementos da propriedade intelectual dos programas de computador e as organizações empresariais busca examinar o valor que o trabalho intelectual adquire na sociedade contemporânea, sob o espectro dos direitos humanos. A pesquisa se justifica em razão da vivência cotidiana da relação de emprego e o aumento de novas pretensões resistidas que injetam, na seara jurídica e social do país, novos questionamentos e novas perspectivas. Como hipótese inicial será adotada como premissa que o processo dinamogênico vem acarretando consequências às necessidades dos seres humanos. Por meio dele o valor do trabalho intelectual ganha novas matizes. A principal tese da dissertação é a de que o empregado autor de programas de computador vem adquirindo um novo status socialis nas estruturas empresariais e que a empresa para alcançar o sucesso deve absorver os valores característicos das três dimensões de direitos humanos. Para tanto, a pesquisa pautar-se-á pelo método hipotético dedutivo, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, para averiguar os principais conceitos correlatos ao tema e a aproximação entre o trabalho, o capital, o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico.

The thesis deals with contemporary author's law which is effective in Czech republic in relation to a piece of music and its legal protection. The goal of first chapters is to outline the crucial statutes concerning subjects as authors, executive artists and recording producers. A great deal of the thesis concerns with internet music piracy which results from a mass file-sharing. It also includes an evalution of current author's law and its efficiency in today's information society.

La thèse porte sur l'étude des droits fondamentaux de l'auteur dans l'environnement numérique. Si l'auteur d'une oeuvre de l'esprit dispose d'une protection juridique accrue grâce à l'octroi de prérogatives morales et patrimoniales, il est indispensable de lui reconnaître avant tout une large liberté de création. L'objectif de cette recherche est donc d'étudier comment les droits fondamentaux saisissent l'auteur dan sle cadre de notre société d'information, d'échange et de communication. Ce propos porte un regard particulier sur l'application des règles du droit d'auteur dans le contaxte de la création, l'utilisation, la diffusion et la valorisation des oeuvres pédagogiques numériques produites par les établissements d'enseignement supérieur
The thesis deals with "The fundamental rignts of the author in the digial age". If the author has a accrued legal protection, it's essential to offer to him a wide freedom of creation. The objective of the research is to study how fundamental rights capture the author in the context of our society, which is increasingly based on information, exchange and communication. This topic concerns in particular the application of the copyright's rules as part of creation, dissemination, valorization of digital teaching resources produded by the universities

Humans contest for control or ownership. Contest is to a considerable extent inescapable because conceptually a large part of most grammars involve possession and appropriation. Language creates antithesis (‘mine, yours’) that results in conflict. The result of conflict is possession and dispossession, which results in ownership, which is expressed in property and property systems. This dissertation focuses on the exclusionary effect of property systems. Property confers the power to exclude and the aggregate of legal exclusions, which constitutes a property system, objectively or instrumentally creates social exclusion and thus social inequality. Income and property tax facilitate redistribution, reducing social inequality. Another mode of reducing/diffusing the exclusionary effect of ownership is to enlarge the public domain, which I define as a commonwealth of non-control and non-ownership.

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The study aims to: (i) demonstrate that not all features of personality rights are confirmed effectively in the daily exercise of the right of publicity in the contemporary moment; (ii) evidence that the economic use is an inexorable reality that requires the definition of new contours of the right of publicity; (iii) propose to identify limits to the right of publicity; (iv) to propose the identification of principles applicable to legal relations in the economic use of image rights. Rationale: The right of publicity obtained its autonomy in relation to other personality rights and in Brazil, it was raised to a constitutional fundamental right. The Civil Code treated the right of publicity in Article 20 that is subject to severe critics from the doctrine and cause several disputes in Courts, having been challenged its constitutionality. The Federal Supreme Court in the trial of ADI 4815 that had as its backdrop the need for authorization to produce biographies established rational balance between the fundamental rights of freedom of speech and right of publicity, recognizing the precedence of that freedom of speech on such right. The civil law operation can identify limits to the right of publicity in the production of contents that materialize the freedom of speech without having to seek for solution trough some resolution conflict techniques of constitutional rights. Hypothesis: The work brings as hypothesis that the right of publicity, like author s rights, is a personality right that allows the identification of limits to its exercise and to be subject of civil agreements with economic content, without destroying the core of such right or denying its legal nature. Theoretical and methodological aspects: This study develops an evaluation of the rights of publicity in order to initially identify it as a kind of legal status rather than subjective rights, to then integrate it into the personal assets of the person. Methods of the rules of evidence, analysis and synthesis were used to demonstrate the absence of apparent unanimity about the characteristics of the publicity rights. The case law, jurisprudence and the paradigms of foreign law were additional elements to illustrate the hypothesis. Result: The result was the identification of the boundaries of image rights, the principles that should be applied to relations that the image is the object, a proposal for a revision of Article 20 of the Brazilian Civil Code and of the Precedent 403 of the Superior Court of Justice
O trabalho tem como objetivos (i) demonstrar que nem todas as características dos direitos de personalidade se confirmam de forma efetiva no exercício cotidiano do direito à imagem no momento contemporâneo; (ii) evidenciar que a utilização econômica é uma realidade inexorável que exige a definição de novos contornos do direito à imagem; (iii) propor a identificação dos limites ao direito à imagem enquanto situação jurídica absoluta; (iv) propor a identificação de princípios aplicáveis às relações jurídicas que tenham com objeto à utilização econômica do direito à imagem. Justificativa: O direito à imagem conquistou sua autonomia em relação aos demais direitos de personalidade e no Brasil foi erguido à condição de direito fundamental. O Código Civil tratou no direito à imagem no artigo 20 que é objeto críticas doutrinárias e grandes disputas judiciais, tendo sido desafiado quanto sua constitucionalidade. O Supremo Tribunal Federal no julgamento da ADI 4815 que tinha como pano de fundo a necessidade de autorização para a produção de biografias estabeleceu racional de ponderação entre os direitos fundamentais de liberdade de expressão e à imagem, reconhecendo a precedência daquela liberdade sobre esse direito. A civilística pode identificar limites aos direito à imagem na produção de conteúdos que materializam a liberdade de expressão sem que se tenha que recorrer às técnicas de solução de conflitos aparentes entre direitos constitucionais. Hipótese: O trabalho traz como hipótese a afirmação de que o direito à imagem, tal qual o direito de autor, é um direito de personalidade que admite a identificação de limites ao seu exercício bem como que se estabeleçam com ele relações jurídicas de caráter econômico, sem que se destrua o núcleo essencial do direito ou se negue sua natureza jurídica. Aspectos teóricos e metodológicos: Desenvolveu-se uma avaliação do direito à imagem de modo a identifica-lo primeiramente como uma situação jurídica ao invés de um direito subjetivo, para em seguida, integrá-lo ao patrimônio da pessoa. Utilizou-se os métodos das regras de evidência, análise e síntese para demonstrar a ausência da aparente unanimidade sobre as características do direito à imagem. A casuística, a jurisprudência e os paradigmas de direito estrangeiro foram elementos adicionais para ilustrar a hipótese. Resultado: Os resultados obtidos foram a identificação dos limites do direito à imagem, os princípios que devem se aplicados às relações jurídicas de que seja objeto, uma proposta de revisão do art. 20 do Código Civil brasileiro e da Súmula 403 do Superior Tribunal de Justiça

This diploma thesis deals with selected legal questions regarding artwork in Czech Republic. Author focuses on artwork from copyright and civil legal perspective, specifically author´s rights and copyright and its legal protection (civil, administrative and criminal). It also addresses questions concerning licenses and licensing agreements, relation between artwork and its material object, buying and selling artwork, purchase agreement and other types of contract that artists usually encounter. The aim of this thesis is to identify the current state of legislation in this matter and issues that need to be addressed. Among other methods, author used a comparative method and a research in a form of survey in this thesis.

Els sistemes de gestió de drets digitals controlen l'ús del contingut multimèdia a través de tota la cadena de valor digital. Aquesta tesis contribueix als diferents aspectes de la gestió dels drets digitals i de la protecció de la propietat intel·lectual.

La contribució d'aquest tesi és la definició de formats i mecanismes estàndards que permetin la gestió del contingut a través de la cadena de valor digital. Els formats i els mecanismes seran estàndards, de forma que permetran la interoperabilitat entre sistemes de DRM que segueixin l'estàndard MPEG-21.

També s'han dissenyat mecanismes estàndards per governar continguts digitals, protegir la propietat intel·lectual i per a la gestió i protecció de les notificacions d'esdeveniments dins dels sistemes de gestió de drets digitals.
Los sistemas de gestión de derechos digitales controlan el uso del contenido multimedia a través de toda la cadena de valor digital. Esta tesis contribuye a diferentes aspectos de la gestión de los derechos digitales y de la protección de la propiedad intelectual.
La contribución de esta tesis es la definición formatos y mecanismos estándares que permitan la gestión del contenido a través de la cadena de valor digital. Los formatos y mecanismos serán estándares, de forma que permitirán la interoperabilidad entre sistemas de DRM que sigan el estándar MPEG-21.
También se han diseñado mecanismos estándares para gobernar contenidos digitales, proteger la propiedad intelectual y para la gestión y protección de las notificaciones de eventos dentro de los sistemas de gestión de derechos digitales.
Digital rights management systems control the use of multimedia content through the complete digital value chain. This thesis contributes in different aspects of the digital rights management and of the protection of the intellectual property.

Main contribution of this thesis is the definition of standardised formats and mechanisms that enable the management of governed multimedia content through the digital value chain. The formats and mechanisms will be standard in order to enable interoperability between DRM systems compliant to the MPEG-21 standard.

Different mechanisms have also been defined to govern digital content, protect the intellectual property and for the management and protection of the event reports within digital rights management systems.

В повідомленні досліджуються особливості захисту права інтелектуальної власності в Україні. Пропонуються висновки і рекомендації.
В сообщении исследуются особенности защиты права интеллектуальной собственности в Украине. Предлагаются выводы и рекомендации.
In a report the features of defence of right of intellectual ownership are probed in Ukraine. Conclusions and recommendations are offered.

Dans le contexte du conflit opposant le principe de libre circulation des marchandises et les droits de propriété intellectuelle, le dilemme auquel ont été confrontées les autorités nationales et communautaires était de savoir si les autorités nationales devaient renforcer la protection des titulaires de propriété intellectuelle (courant conservateur) ou accroître le libre accès aux monopoles (courant libertaire). Sans se prononcer pour l'un des deux courants de manière radicale, le droit communautaire prône une solution en demi-teinte avec la théorie de l'épuisement, clairement ancrée dans le panorama de la propriété intellectuelle. Ultérieurement à la première mise en circulation des produits couverts d'un droit de propriété intellectuelle, sur le territoire communautaire, par le titulaire lui-même ou avec son consentement, ce dernier n'est plus légitimé à invoquer son droit privatif détenu dans un Etat membre afin d'interdire les opérations commerciales ultérieures ainsi que l'importation de produits mis en circulation dans un autre Etat membre pour lequel il bénéficie d'une protection identique. De cette étude, il ressort que si, à l'origine, les instances communautaires ont raisonné davantage en termes d'opposition, le conflit se résout, désormais, en termes de complémentarité, les droits de propriété intellectuelle impliquant des enjeux économiques majeurs dans notre économie de marché. La jurisprudence et les législateurs communautaires et nationaux ont su au gré des casuistiques trouver un juste équilibre entre les intérêts des différents acteurs de l'économie de marché que sont les titulaires de droit, les consommateurs-utilisateurs et les exploitants
The dilemma in which the national and the European authorities had to face in the context of the conflict between the principle of the free movement of goods and the intellectual property rights was to know if the national authorities had to reinforce their protection of the intellectual property holders (conservative trend) or to increase their monopoly free access (libertarian trend). The European law did not vote for any of the two trends but chose a half-tone solution with the “exhaustion theory”, clearly anchored in the intellectual property panorama. From now on, once a good is put on the market for the first time, covered by a intellectual property right, on European market, by the owner himself or with his agreement, this person can no longer ask for his private right owned in another member state in order to prohibit further commercial actions such as importation of goods put on the market in another European member country that has as a similar protection. In this study emerges the fact that, if at the beginning, the opposition was the reasoning process of the community authorities to solve the conflicts in intellectual property rights, now with the major economic stakes in our market economy the complementarity prevails. Community and national authorities have found the right balance for the interests of all the different characters in the market economy who are the holder of rights, the consumers-users and the industrials

Comme deux éléments qui ne peuvent coexister sans se nuire, les exceptions au droit d’auteur et les mesures techniques de protection sont dans un rapport d’opposition. On ne compte plus dans la littérature spécialisée le nombre d’articles dédiés à leur incompatibilité. Les exceptions au droit d’auteur sont des « dérogations légales » au monopole d’exploitation. Elles permettent d’écarter la mise en oeuvre du droit exclusif alors que les conditions d’application de ce dernier sont réunies. Les mesures techniques de protection sont destinées à empêcher les utilisations interdites par les titulaires de droits. La question est de savoir si ces dispositifs techniques peuvent restreindre l’exercice des exceptions au droit d’auteur. La réponse est positive puisque la directive 2001/29/CE du 22 mai 2001 interdit de contourner des mesures techniques quand bien même il s’agirait de mettre en oeuvre une dérogation au droit d’auteur. Cependant, l’instrument européen instaure un régime de sauvegarde en faveur de certaines exceptions. Aussi, le législateur français a créé une autorité administrative indépendante – la Haute Autorité pour la diffusion des oeuvres et la protection des droits sur Internet – chargée de garantir le bénéfice de ces exceptions. Il est permis de se demander si l’instauration d’un régime de sauvegarde n’est pas la reconnaissance implicite de la valeur impérative des dérogations au droit d’auteur. En tous les cas, cela donne à penser que les exceptions constituent bel et bien des intérêts juridiquement protégés susceptibles d’être portés devant l’autorité judiciaire contrairement à ce qu’a jugé la Cour de cassation
Like two elements that cannot coexist without working against each other, exceptions to exclusive rights and technological protection measures are in opposition. There are countless articles in the specialised literature devoted to their incompatibility. Exceptions to exclusive rights are “legal exemptions” from the operating monopoly. They enable the implementation of exclusive rights to be neutralised even though the conditions for the application of the latter have been met. Technological protection measures are intended to prevent unauthorised use by rightholders. The question is whether these technological systems can restrict the use of exceptions to exclusive rights. The answer is affirmative, since the directive 2001/29/CE of 22 May 2001 prohibits the circumvention of technological measures even though it would be a case of implementing an exemption to exclusive rights. The European instrument, however, establishes a protection system in favour of certain exceptions. Consequently, French lawmakers have created an independent administrative authority – the High Authority for the dissemination of creative works and protection of rights on the Internet – in order to safeguard the benefits of these exceptions. It could be asked whether the establishment of a protection system implicitly acknowledges the crucial value of these exceptions. In any event, it suggests that they do indeed constitute legally protected interests liable to be brought before the legal authorities, contrary to the Court of Cassation’s assertions

У дисертації наводиться теоретичне узагальнення та нове вирішення наукового завдання, яке полягає у визначенні сутності та особливостей адміністративно-правової охорони права інтелектуальної власності у сфері наукової діяльності. Охарактеризовано елементи механізму адміністративноправової охорони права інтелектуальної власності у сфері наукової діяльності в Україні, а саме: визначено систему суб’єктів, діяльність яких прямо чи опосередковано спрямована на здійснення та забезпечення адміністративноправової охорони права інтелектуальної власності у сфері наукової діяльності, досліджено форми та методи такої правової охорони, а також з’ясовано особливості адміністративної відповідальності за порушення права інтелектуальної власності у сфері наукової діяльності. Запропоновано напрямки удосконалення адміністративного законодавства, яке регулює охорону права інтелектуальної власності у сфері наукової діяльності в Україні, визначено заходи з оптимізації системи суб’єктів такої адміністративно-правової охорони та перспективні напрями удосконалення взаємодії між ними.
Диссертационное исследование посвящено комплексному изучению проблем и особенностей административно-правовой охраны прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности в Украине. В работе исследуется и совершенствуется понятийно-категориальный аппарат, а именно: "право интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности", "административно-правовая охрана прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности", "механизм административноправовой охраны прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности в Украине", "субъекты административно-правовой охраны прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности в Украине", "формы административно-правовой охраны прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности", "методы административноправовой охраны прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности", "административная ответственность за нарушение права интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности" и пр. Определены сущность и содержание административно-правовой охраны прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности, изучено современное состояние ее правового регулирования. Комплексно охарактеризованы элементы механизма административно-правовой охраны прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности в Украине, а именно: определена система субъектов, деятельность которых прямо или косвенно направлена на осуществление и обеспечение административноправовой охраны прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности, исследованы формы и методы такой правовой охраны, а также выяснены особенности административной ответственности за нарушение права интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности. Предложены конкретные направления совершенствования административного законодательства, регулирующего охрану прав интеллектуальной собственности в сфере научной деятельности в Украине: 1) адаптация и гармонизация национального законодательства, регулирующего правовую охрану интеллектуальной деятельности в сфере научной деятельности с нормами и стандартами международного права; 2) систематизация действующего законодательства в сфере правовой охраны интеллектуальной собственности путем принятия комплексного кодифицированного нормативно-правового акта – Кодекса интеллектуальной собственности; 3) урегулирование правовой охраны интеллектуальной собственности на научные открытия путем определения отдельного раздела в Кодексе интеллектуальной собственности; 4) более детальное урегулирование правовой охраны интеллектуальной собственности на результаты научной деятельности путем определения отдельного раздела в Кодексе интеллектуальной собственности; 5) определение в Кодексе интеллектуальной собственности положений, которые будут определять Национальную систему охраны интеллектуальной собственности в Украине; 6) принятие Положения о создании Национального органа интеллектуальной собственности в соответствии с положениями Концепции реформирования государственной системы правовой охраны интеллектуальной собственности в Украине. Также определены пути оптимизации системы субъектов такой административно-правовой охраны и перспективные направления совершенствования взаимодействия между ними.
The author of the dissertation has provided theoretical generalization and a new solution to the scientific problem, which consists in determining the essence and specific features of administrative and legal protection of intellectual property right in the field of scientific activity. The elements of the mechanism of administrative and legal protection of intellectual property right in the field of scientific activity in Ukraine have been characterized, namely: the author has determined the system of subjects, the activity of which is directly or indirectly aimed at implementing and ensuring administrative and legal protection of intellectual property right in the field of scientific activity, has studied the forms and methods of such legal protection, and has clarified the specific features of administrative liability for the violation of intellectual property right in the field of scientific activity. The author has suggested directions for improving administrative legislation that regulates the protection of intellectual property right in the field of scientific activity in Ukraine, has determined measures for optimization of the system of subjects of such administrative and legal protection and perspective directions for improving the interaction between them.

La construction de la propriété intellectuelle au Cambodge remonte à une date récente. Cetteconstruction se traduit, d’une part, par l’adoption d’un cadre juridique consacrant la notionjuridique de la propriété intellectuelle et, d’autre part, par l’élaboration des mécanismes deprotection de la notion consacrée.Comme la législation de la propriété intellectuelle a été adoptée pour assurer la conformité dudroit cambodgien aux exigences de l’OMC, il n’est pas surprenant de constater que la notion et lerégime juridique de la propriété littéraire et artistique et ceux de la propriété industriellecambodgiennes sont presque identiques à ceux qui sont prévus dans l’Accord ADPIC et dans lesTraités et Conventions administrés par l’OMPI. À cause des obstacles d’ordre juridique,économique et social, la plupart des lois cambodgiennes de la propriété intellectuelle ne connaitpas encore une application effective et correcte dans la pratique. En conséquence, la notion de lapropriété intellectuelle cambodgienne est très peu développée.Pour faire respecter le titre de propriété littéraire et artistique et celui de la propriété industrielle,les mécanismes légaux et judiciaires visant à prévenir les atteintes au droit exclusif dont disposentles titulaires du droit, à préserver les éléments de preuves et à réprimer des atteintes sont prévusdans la législation cambodgienne portant sur la propriété intellectuelle. Par ailleurs, le recours auxmodes alternatifs de règlements de litiges tels que l’arbitrage commercial, la médiation et laPreliminary Alternative Disputes Resolution est également possible. L’efficacité et l’effectivitéde la mise en oeuvre de ces mécanismes pour la protection de la propriété intellectuelle sur leterritoire cambodgien sont une question d’actualité
The construction of intellectual property rights in Cambodia dates back to a recent time. This construction implies, on the one hand, the adoption of a specific legal framework that establishes the notion of intellectual property and, on the other hand, the elaboration of protection mechanisms of the established notion. As the legislation on intellectual property was adopted to ensure the conformity of Cambodian law with WTO requirements, it is not surprising that the notion and legal regime of literary and artistic property and that of industrial property are almost identical to what is provided under TRIPS Agreement and other Treaties and Conventions administered by the WIPO. Because of legal, economic and social barrier, most of Cambodian laws relating to intellectual property have not been effectively and correctly applied in practice. Consequently, the notion of intellectual property has not been well developed.To enforce the exclusive right of literary and artistic property and that of industrial property, the legal and judicial mechanisms aiming at preventing infringement, preserving the proofs and punishing the infringement are provided under Cambodian legislation relating to intellectual property. Moreover, utilization of alternative disputes resolutions mechanisms such as commercial arbitration, mediation and Preliminary Alternative Disputes Resolution, is also possible. The efficiency of these mechanisms for the protection of intellectual property in Cambodia is, however, a topical question

Tadeusz Mostowski (1766-1842) niemal rówieśnik Tadeusza Czackiego (1765-1813), Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego (1768-1838), trzy lata młodszy od księcia Józefa Poniatowskiego (1763-1813), pięć od Jana Potockiego (1761-1815) należał do generacji, którą za Elżbietą Aleksandrowską zwykło się nazywać w oświeceniowej literaturze przedmiotu generacją działaczy, a więc tych, których roczniki urodzenia przypadają na lata 1750-1769. To ci, których wykształcenie przypadło już na lata panowania Stanisława Augusta i którzy zdążyli zaistnieć na arenie literackiej, czy politycznej jeszcze przed ostatecznym rozbiorem państwa. Obok już wcześniej wymienionych twórców tej generacji znaleźli się w niej także m.in. Wojciech Bogusławski, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Ignacy i Stanisław Kostka Potocki. Tadeusz Mostowski należy do grupy dobrze rozpoznawanych postaci swego pokolenia. Zapisał się swą aktywnością na wielu istotnych dla swej epoki polach: wydawniczym, w tym prasowym, politycznym, literackim i krytycznoliterackim. Jego nazwisko często przywoływane jest przez badaczy, czy to w kontekście badań nad prasą oświeceniową, Sejmem Czteroletnim, Powstaniem Kościuszkowskim, czy też nad rozwojem ruchu wydawniczego przełomu XVIII i XIX wieku na ziemiach polskich, polityką czasów Księstwa Warszawskiego. Poświęcono mu szereg artykułów dotyczących wspomnianych wyżej problemów, natomiast, co dość zaskakujące, Mostowski, wybitna postać swoich czasów, dotąd nie doczekał się opracowania całościowego, „totalnego”, monografii ujawniającej wszystkie najważniejsze przestrzenie jego życia od osobistych poprzez prywatne, aż po publiczne. Trzeba tu zaznaczyć, że problemem jest tu nie tylko kwestia braku monograficznego ujęcia, ale także fakt, że duża część źródeł archiwalnych (m.in. korespondencja), do których autorce tej dysertacji udało się dotrzeć, pozostawała dotąd nieodnotowana, niezauważona, stąd niewykorzystana. Inne materiały przypomniane i przywoływane w tej dysertacji, nawet jeżeli były drukowane w epoce, dziś już pozostają poza obiegiem naukowym. Tymczasem bez uwzględnienia roli tej postaci w przemianach, które zachodziły na polskich ziemiach na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku, nasza wiedza, świadomość procesów, które w tym czasie tu zachodziły będzie zawsze tylko cząstkowa. Właśnie sygnalizowane już wyżej poważne luki w stanie badań nad życiem i działalnością Tadeusza Mostowskiego zadecydowały o podstawowym, źródłowym charakterze niniejszej pracy. Głównym jej celem stała się rekonstrukcja vita et scripta Mostowskiego w świetle zachowanych i odnalezionych, podczas kwerend przeprowadzonych w polskich archiwach i bibliotekach, źródeł. Zebrane w pierwszym etapie pracy źródła poddane zostały dokładnej analizie, potem interpretacji. Przy czym, praca ta nie ma ambicji rekonstrukcji wszystkich pól aktywności Tadeusza Mostowskiego, koncentruje się przede wszystkim na jego szeroko rozumianej działalności kulturalnej, w znacznie mniejszym zaś zakresie – tylko na tyle, na ile to było niezbędne dla stworzenia kontekstu do jego innych działań – porusza kwestię zaangażowania w życie polityczne Mostowskiego. To oczywiście bardzo ważna przestrzeń jego działalności, ale ta akurat powinna się stać przedmiotem refleksji historyka dziejów politycznych, nie zaś literaturoznawcy. Przedmiotem niniejszej dysertacji jest zaś Mostowski – wydawca, autor artykułów polityczno-publicystycznych, krytyk życia literackiego i teatralnego, literat, autor tekstów wspomnieniowych, emigrant, a także Mostowski – syn, ojciec i mąż. Tadeusz Mostowski (1766-1842) almost of the same age as Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768-1838), three years younger than Prince Józef Poniatowski (1763-1813), five years younger than Jan Potocki (1761-1815), was one of the generation which, following Elżbieta Aleksandrowska, in the Enlightenment source literature used to be called the Generation of Activists - those born between 1750 and 1769. This includes ones who were educated in the years of Stanisław August’s reign, and who managed to become known in the literary or political arena before the final partition of the country. Beside the aforementioned authors that generation included Wojciech Bogusławski, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Ignacy and Stanisław Kostka Potocki. Tadeusz Mostowski was one of the well known figures of his generation. He is remembered for his activeness in many fields significant for that period: publishing, including the press, politics, literarure and literary criticism. Scholars often quote his name in the context of research concerning the Enlightenment press, the Four-Year Sejm, Kościuszko Uprising, or the development of the publishing movement at the turn of the 18th and 19th century, politics of the times of the Duchy of Warsaw. Many articles concerning the aforementioned issues have been devoted to him, but, surprisingly, Mostowski, an eminent figure of his time, has not enjoyed a comprehensive, ‘total’ study, a monograph revealing all the most important areas of his life - from the personal to the public ones. It must be noted that the problem is not only the lack of a monograph presentation, but also the fact that a large part of archive sources (e.g. letters) which the author hereof managed to find, has passed unnoticed thus unused so far. Other materials reminded and referred to here, even though printed in the period, are today out of the academic circulation. However, without taking into consideration the role of this figure in the transformation in the Polish lands at the turn of the 18th and 19th century, our knowledge, awareness of the processes taking place here will always be incomplete. It is the serious gaps in the condition of the research on Tadeusz Mostowski, referred to above, that determined the basic, source nature of this dissertation. Its main objective is the reconstruction of Mostowski’s vita et scripta in the light of the sources preserved and found during the preliminary research in the Polish archives and libraries. The sources collected at the first stage of the work were thoroughly analysed and then interpreted. However this work is not an attempt at reconstructing all the areas of Tadeusz Mostowski’s activity; it focuses primarily on his broadly understood cultural activity, and to a much smaller extent - sufficient to create a context for his other actions - it touches upon Mostowski’s involvement in the political life. This obviously is an important area of his activity, but it should the object of the reflection of political history specialists, not a specialist in literature. The object of this dissertation is Mostowski - a publisher, author of political and feature articles, critic of the literary and theatrical life, writer, author of tribute texts, emigrant, and Mostowski - a son, father and husband.

A comparison of copyright protection of authors and performing artists The aim of this thesis is to compare the legal regulation of the authors' rights in their works and the performing artists' rights in their performances as it arises from the Czech Copyright Act. I have chosen this topic because it requires profound study of the Copyright Act, good understanding of most of its provisions and their analysis. In my opinion, this kind of research could be very useful in my upcoming profession. Besides it seems to be quiet an actual theme, as for example the term of protection of these rights is largely discussed of late. The structure of this paper is following. The first three chapters are introducing the main characteristics of the authors' and performing artists' rights, their development and the main sources. Other chapters are dealing with the comparison of the protection itself. I examine the aspects I consider to be crucial. It is the subject of the rights, the object, moral and economic rights, the criterions of the protection, the contractual and non-contractual obligations and the term of protection. Two final chapters are focused on the collective management and the infringement of copyright. It can be concluded that the protection of the performing artists' rights is a bit weaker. It is...

1 A comparison of copyright protection of authors and performing artists Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to provide the reader with a complex overview of the rights of authors and performing artists including the tools of their legal protection as well as a comparison of their rights. The thesis is divided systematically into eleven chapters that includes introduction and conclusion. The first chapter includes introduction which provides information about objectives of this thesis. The main purpose of the second chapter is to define rights of authors and performing artists in the system of law including description of basic aspects mutual to both groups of rights. The third chapter deals with sources of international, European and domestic sources of law regulating these rights. In the fourth chapter I pay attention to characterize the terms author's work and artistic performance, i.e. objects of the rights of authors and performing artists and their defining characteristics. In the fifth chapter I focus on characteristic of subjects of these rights. The sixth chapter deals with the subject matter of these rights, i.e. moral and economic rights that belong to authors and performing artists to their author's works and artistic performances. The seventh chapter focuses on the license agreement,...

The theoretical part of the thesis in his first chapter of the book deals with a phenomenon that accompanies since its inception and how it affects us the literary world. The next phase will analyze literary types and origin of fiction itself, which strongly supported the reading culture and to encourage the creation of rights bestsellers. The next section will focus on the book and its difficult journey from writer to designer, printers and finally to the reader. The next phase deals with books in physical and electronic form, the reader walks of life and then directly bestseller term, as the current phenomenon of literary culture. Then represents one of the writers Dan Brown and his books of content and visual aspects. The last part will deal with the linking book design and art education in the practical part of the thesis description of the treatment, resulting arises file publishing a collection of selected books by Dan Brown.

The UBC Library along with many other research libraries is beginning to develop a range of publishing support services for faculty and students. This presentation focuses on new developments and open access trends in scholarly communication and publishing. It was delivered as part of a graduate seminar in the Dept of English on April 2, 2009.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
“There’s only one great occupation that can change the world: that’s real rock and roll.” A frase é de Lou Reed, célebre compositor e membro fundador da banda The Velvet Underground. É provocatória, apesar de o seu alcance ser mais conceitual do que realista, na verdade. Inquestionável é que outras forças motrizes podem mudar e fazer avançar o mundo, mas o músico norte-americano referia-se a uma muito particular forma de mudança: aquela que tem lugar dentro do indivíduo. Lou vinha de um tempo diferente. Os ventos mudaram, a tinta no papel transformou-se em pixéis e os discos em bits, mas o espírito do rock ‘n’ roll perdurou e continua a personificar o mesmo pedigree que é comum a todas as grandes obras de Arte: a capacidade de desafiar o status quo e adaptá-lo às exigências da modernidade, incitar ao pensamento, defender a liberdade de expressão, promover ideais de justiça, igualdade de oportunidades, tolerância, e acima de tudo, liberdade. O código genético da Música (aqui epitomizada pelo rock, mas de que são exemplos tantos outros géneros) não é, afinal, assim tão diferente do do Direito. Apesar de diferirem quanto à escolha dos instrumentos de trabalho, carregam ambos em si a urgência de procurar e disseminar valores profundamente democráticos, numa tarefa que pretende ser o mais inovadora possível. O Direito sempre foi, e sempre será, uma parte integrante da Cultura, e é neste ponto de convergência que surge esta dissertação. A Música é uma forma de Arte que há muito nos acompanha enquanto seres sencientes. Reflexo directo da forma como o Homem se vê e vê o mundo que o rodeia, é possível traçar uma fidelíssima linha cronológica da História da humanidade ao estudar a evolução dos movimentos e tendências musicais ao longo dos tempos. E enquanto forma artística particularmente etérea, cuja existência no plano físico é bem mais subjectiva do que as restantes formas de expressão artística, questões jurídicas muito particulares se levantam, desde o momento em que a obra musical sai da "mão" do autor e chega ao ouvinte. Estamos, no fundo, a colocar dimensões jurídicas num som, e em qualquer som, que algures, alguém, estará interessado em ouvir. Esta dissertação partirá deste mote para se focar nas especificidades dos direitos de autor musicais, e mais concretamente, nos mecanismos a que se recorre para a protecção dos mesmos. E a Música, como sempre, enfrenta hoje os mesmos desafios da restante sociedade: uma sociedade de informação que não conhece fronteiras. Nos dias que correm, mais do que nunca, todos conseguimos, remotamente, ter acesso a um inacreditável arquivo de obras musicais, de todos os tempos e de todos os autores. Um feito notável para todos nós consumidores, mas onde pelo meio, perdido algures nas invisíveis ondas de rádio ou bits num qualquer servidor, ficou um emaranhado de direitos autorais. O desafio que aqui se propõe é precisamente o de deslindar este novelo. Percorrer os regimes contratuais de edição mais (e menos) comuns para compositores e autores, aludindo não apenas ao nosso sistema nacional pautado pela europeização, mas também a figuras jurídicas características de ordenamentos jurídicos estrangeiros. Questionarmo-nos sobre o papel das editoras discográficas nos dias de hoje: na mesma medida em que podem ser uma rampa de lançamento para muitos autores, podem também agir dissimuladamente contra os mesmos, subvertendo o espírito dos direitos de autor, e recorrendo a expedientes legais duvidosos para sequestrar para si mesmas lucros pelo trabalho dos artistas. Áreas cinzentas, onde há a necessidade de proteger os direitos do autor, mesmo contra aqueles que os deveriam proteger a princípio. Ainda, uma oportunidade para abordar a questão dos desafios da transição digital na música, e do decrescente papel das grandes "labels" nesta área, com o advento das novas tecnologias, em que cada vez mais se dilui a necessidade de um intermediário. Também uma ocasião para questionar os problemas suscitados por esta realidade de uma perspectiva crítica, e compará-los com as vantagens dos modelos tradicionais de distribuição. É que, afinal de contas, os serviços de streaming vieram fazer-nos repensar o conceito de "ter" e de "comprar" música. O que se agrava ainda mais se ponderarmos os perigos que a acessibilidade imediata, potenciada pelo streaming, acarreta para uma possível desvalorização da obra artística em si, com consequências danosas para a protecção do autor. Por fim, questionamo-nos (ou melhor dizendo, adensamos a discussão…) sobre o papel que terão as famigeradas entidades de gestão colectiva numa sociedade cada vez mais digital e intolerante à falta de transparência. Tudo isto, sempre num prisma dinâmico, retrospectivo e prospectivo, olhando para a frente sem esquecer o passado, nesta bissectriz entre a intangibilidade da Arte e a concretude do Direito, e harmonizando o emocional com o racional.
“There’s only one great occupation that can change the world: that’s real rock and roll.” The quote’s author is Lou Reed, famous songwriter and member of the band The Velvet Underground. It’s a provocative statement, despite the fact that its scope is more conceptual than realistic. It is unquestionable that other driving forces can change the world, but the north-american musician was referring to a very particular form of change: the one that takes place within the individual. Lou came from a very different time. Meanwhile, the winds have changed, ink on paper became pixels, and records turned into bits, but the rock ‘n’ roll spirit has endured and it still embodies the same pedigree that is common to all great works of art: the ability to challenge the status quo, to adapt it to the needs of modernity, to provoke thought, defend freedom of speech and promote ideals of justice, equal opportunities, tolerance, and above all, freedom. Music’s genetic code (here described as rock music, but of which so many other genres are equally great exemples) is, after all, not so different from that of Law. Despite differing when it comes to the choice of working materials, both carry the urgency in seeking and disseminating democractic values, in the most effective and innovative way achievable. Law has always been, and always will be, an integral part of Culture. This dissertation is born in this convergence point.Music is an art form that has been with us, as sentient beings, for a long time. Being a direct reflection of the way Man looks at Himself and sees the world around Him, it is possible to sketch a very faithful timeline of the History of humanity by studying the evolution of musical tendencies over time.And as a particularly ethereal artistic form, which’s existence on the physical world is much more subjective than other forms of artistic expression, there are very particular legal questions that arise from the moment the musical work leaves the artist's "hand", to the instant it reaches the listener. We are, at heart, attributing legal dimensions to a sound: to any sound, that somewhere, someone, will be interested in listening to.This dissertation will start from this motto to focus on the specificities of musical author rights, and more specifically, on the mechanisms used for its protection. And Music today, as it always has, faces the same challenges as the rest of society: a society of information that knows no borders. These days, more than ever, we’re all able to remotely have access to an incredible archive of musical works, from all times and from all authors. A remarkable feat for all of us consumers indeed, but in between, lost somewhere among the invisible radio waves or the bits stored on any server, a tangle of author rights was left behind. The challenge proposed here is to unravel this skein.We’ll go through the most (and the least) common contractual regimes for composers and authors, alluding not only to our national laws, inspired by european tendencies, but also to foreign legal systems. Then, we’ll ask ourselves about the role of record companies and publishers today: although they can act as a launching pad for many authors, they can also covertly act against them, subverting the spirit of author rights, and resorting to dubious legal tactics to hijack profits from the artists' work. Gray areas, where there is a need to protect author’s rights, even from those who should be protecting them in the first place. Furthermore, the present dissertation serves as an opportunity to address the challenges posed by digital evolutions in Music, and by the decreasing role of the so-called “big labels”, caused by the invention of new technologies, diluting the need for a middleman. It is also an occasion to question these topics from a critical standpoint, and to compare them to the advantages of the traditional distribution models. After all, streaming services have made us rethink the concept of "owning" and "purchasing" Music, which can be problematic considering the dangers that immediate accessibility (enhanced by streaming) entails for a possible devaluation of the artistic work itself, with harmful consequences to the protection of the authors. Finally, we ask ourselves (or rather, we deepen the discussion…) about the role that the infamous collecting societies will have in an increasingly digital society, intolerant to the lack of transparency. All this, in a dynamic retrospective and prospective approach, looking forward without forgetting the past, in this bisector between the intangibility of Art and the concreteness of Law, and harmonizing the emotional with the rational.

The aim of this work was to provide complete overview of rights that the law confers on performers and to focus in more detail on the possibility of protection and defence of these rights. This goal is reflected in the whole concept of the work - the first chapters describe the performer's rights and the second part focuses on the protection of these rights whether by the performer him or herself or by the collective administrator. The opening chapter deals with explanation of the basic terms. First, it was necessary to clarify, who is a performer from the lay point of view but also under the Copyright Act definition. Then I define the subject of the performer's rights in general - the performance. Finally, the chapter covers also the joint representative of performers who often represents an artistic body externally. The second chapter is slightly more extensive. It deals with the historical development of copyright. Because the Czech copyright is significantly influenced by international and European law, the following two big sub-chapters focus on these two huge legal systems and mainly on agreements and regulations that have directly affected the performers' rights in our country. Very important for the whole work is the third chapter which contains moral and economic rights of performers. This...

The subject of my thesis is The Rights of Producers of Phonograms (Sound Recordings) and Films. I have chosen this topic because of my fondness for music and for media that carry such recordings. The Rights of Producers are denominated as rights related (to Copyright) because of the absence of creativity and individuality. The term neighbouring rights is exactly equivalent. In the first chapter I provide reader with basic terms and a concept of continental copyright law as well as a comparison with common law copyright system. These two law systems are essentially important to comprehend the rights of producers in general and to have basic overview on their role in global society and economy. Both authors' rights and related rights are copyrights in the sense of common law. The second chapter analyses international law on this subject. I describe the relationship between czech national law and international law. Although the majority of international agreements is phrased generally, mentioned agreements have impact on legislations of contracting parties. They form a part of czech law since their ratification and publication in Collection of Laws. The important agreements on the subject are Rome Convention, Geneva Convention, TRIPS Agreement and WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty. In addition, I...

Moral rights in the Czech Republic and in selected countries of continental and Common Law legal systems Abstract This thesis focuses on moral rights, which together with economic rights form one of basic ways how to divide copyright law. The primary function of moral (copyright) rights is to protect various rights of the author, which are not economic rights. In the introduction part of this thesis there are basic definitions and specifications of moral rights and their genesis in the continental legal system. The second chapter explains the different approach to moral copyright in the continental legal system and in the Common Law legal system, including a short historical excursion into those legal systems. The third chapter is briefly dedicated to the development of copyright law with the emphasis on moral rights during the 18th century, explanation of the difference between one-tier and two-tier approach to copyright law and certain issues regarding the territoriality of law. It also contains relevant legal acts that were in force in the Czech Republic during the 20th and partially during the 19th century. The fourth chapter consists of thorough explanation concerning each type of moral rights in the Copyright act that is currently in force in the Czech Republic. The fifth chapter is devoted to moral...

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Quem é o titular do direito de autor no âmbito do jornalismo: o/a jornalista ou a empresa jornalística? Existem diferenças no regime entre um/a jornalista com contrato trabalho e um/a jornalista freelancer? Quais são os trabalhos jornalísticos que merecem protecção jus-autoral? Em que difere a lei portuguesa para outros ordenamentos jurídicos? Teremos em Portugal um verdadeiro direito conexo do editor? Quais as regras impostas por um contrato de edição? A Directiva 2019/790 veio trazer o fim da Internet, tal como a conhecemos? Quais as novas utilizações que passam a ser permitidas? Dentro dessas, quais as que são úteis para o jornalismo? Quais foram as principais mudanças que a Internet comportou nos meios de comunicação social? Qual é a responsabilidade das plataformas digitais? Quais são os fundamentos nas batalhas entre jornalismo e agregadores de notícias? Que implicações tem o artigo 15.º na actividade jornalística? Estas são algumas das questões gerais que esta dissertação pretendeu dar resposta a fim de estabelecer bases para se responder à pergunta: em que termos se deverá pautar a transposição do artigo 15.º da Directiva 2019/790 para o ordenamento jurídico português? A presente dissertação traça assim um percurso pelo regime de protecção autoral na actividade jornalística no ordenamento jurídico português e em termos de direito comparado, pela relação entre o/a autor e o/a editor/a em Portugal, pela exposição dos fundamentos e explicação do âmbito da Directiva 2019/790 e, por fim, pela análise do artigo 15.º da directiva, referente à protecção de publicações de imprensa no que diz respeito a utilizações em linha. A tão controversa Directiva 2019/790 veio estabelecer no seu artigo 15.º um novo direito conexo “sui generis” que pretende assegurar remuneração dos media por utilizações dos novos serviços em linha que surgiram com a Internet, como os agregadores de notícias ou os serviços de monitorização de meios de comunicação social.
Who holds the author right in the context of journalism: the journalist or the media companies? Is there a difference between a contracted journalist and a freelance journalist? Which journalistic works deserve author rights protection? What is the difference between Portuguese law and other legal systems? Do we have in Portugal a true publisher related right? What are the rules imposed by a publishing contract? Did the Directive 2019/790 bring the end of the Internet? What new uses are allowed? Which of these changes are useful for journalism? What were the main changes that the Internet made in the media? What is the responsibility of digital platforms? What is the basis for the battles between journalism and news aggregators? What implications does article 15.º have in journalistic activity?These are some of the general questions that this dissertation intends to explain, as to answer the question: in what terms should the transposition of article 15.º of the Directive 2019/790 into the Portuguese legal system be guided?Thus, the present dissertation traces a path through the regime of author rights protection in the journalistic activity in the portuguese legal order and in terms of comparative law, by explaining the relationship between author and the editor in Portugal, by exposing the fundamentals and giving insight in the scope of Directive 2019/790 and, finally, through the analysis of article 15.º of the Directive, concerning the protection of press publications regarding online uses.The so controversial Directive 2019/790 established in its article 15.º a new related right, “sui generis”, aiming to ensure media remuneration for the use of online services that emerged with the Internet, such as news aggregators or the monitoring services of social media.

This dissertation describes the genesis of the idea of femicide in a period of English and American Letters, the last decade of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century, in which patriarchal values and constructions were entering a crisis which resulted in the revision of the idea of gender—in a way, that was the period in which the concept of gender was coded. In the first chapter, I look at the way the term femicide was first given currency in the English language in 1827 through Robert Macnish’s The Confessions of an Unexecuted Femicide, a fiction disguised as a true story, and how it spawned a short-lived literary sub-genre. In the second chapter, I examine Poe’s reworking of the femicide story, and to the ways in which he has drawn attention to its Gothic roots. Finally, in the third chapter, I offer a reading of Memoirs of the Author of ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,’ in which I argue that Godwin’s “sentimentalised” portrait of Mary Wollstonecraft, and by extension of the female intellectual, constitutes an implicit refutation of her ideas, and therefore can be profitably compared to the portraits Poe’s femicide narrators make of Morella and Ligeia in the tales named after them.
Esta dissertação descreve a génese da ideia de femicídio durante um período nas letras Anglo-saxónicas, entre a última década do séc. XVIII e meados do século seguinte, em que os valores e elaborações ideológicas patriarcais entravam numa crise que conduziria a uma revisão da ideia de género (de certo modo, poder-se-ia mesmo dizer que é nesse período que o conceito de género começa a ser codificado). No primeiro capítulo, descrevo como o termo femicídio ganhou pela primeira vez projecção na língua inglesa depois da publicação, em 1827, de The Confessions of an Unexecuted Femicide de Robert Macnish, uma ficção apresentada ostensivamente como relato verídico que deu origem a um efémero sub-género de ficção, a que chamo “história de femicídio.” No segundo capítulo examino a reinterpretação da história de femicídio por Edgar Allan Poe, e sobre o modo como este autor pôs em evidência as suas raízes góticas. Finalmente, no terceiro capítulo, apresento uma leitura de Memoirs of the Author of ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Woman’ em que argumento que o retrato “sentimentalizado” que Godwin aí faz de Mary Wollstonecraft, e por extensão da mulher intelectual, porquanto constitui uma refutação implícita das ideias dessa autora, ganha em ser comparado com os retratos que os narradores femicídas de Poe fazem das suas esposas em “Morella” e “Ligeia.”