Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Publin versus private'
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1
Lebel, Udi. "Private versus public heroes : politics of commemoration." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/private-versus-public-heroes--politics-of-commemoration(4fcdfc90-0e70-4f93-bb59-71a14b199137).html.
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Usman, Muhammad. "The Effect of Ownership on Organizational Performance : A Case Study of Banking Sector in Pakistan." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1153.
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Aims: The main aims of this research are to provide more empirical evidences for theory of property rights and public choice theory and to test these theories in a new environment i.e. banking sector of Pakistan. This research compares performance of public and private banks in Pakistan on the basis of four performance measures, profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. It also studies the effect of politics on public banks. Method: Mainly quantitative approach is utilized in this thesis to compare performance of public and private banks in Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. Ratio analysis is used for this purpose. Qualitative analysis is based on qualitative study of empirical findings of quantitative analysis with respect to elections and observing lending behavior of public and private banks along with study of net interest margin during election years. Major Findings: The theory of property rights and public choice literature support private ownership for superior performance as compared to public ownership. From empirical findings, very weak support is found for both theories. Out of twelve ratios used in ratio analysis, ten ratios support public ownership for superior performance as compared to private ownership and only two ratios quote that private ownership is superior in performance than public ownership. From empirical findings it can be concluded that performance of public banks is superior to private banks in Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. Similarly, out of twelve ratios, only six ratios provided evidence of effect of elections on performance of public ownership which is a weak support for public choice theory. Moreover, lending behavior of public and private banks along with study of net interest margin has totally ruled out the presence of political influence on public banks. It can be concluded from these empirical findings that either political influence on public banks is minimized or political influence is affecting both sectors of banks in Pakistan. As banking sector in Pakistan is highly competitive now due to introduction of financial reforms in Pakistan, it can be concluded that theory of property rights and public choice theory do not work well in competitive markets especially Pakistan. It can also be concluded from empirical findings that privatization is not the only solution to poor performance of public ownership. The introduction of competition can substantially improve performance of public ownership.mobile: +92-333-8102302
3
Luscinskas, Belinda Louie. "Development of resource recovery facilities, private versus public ownership." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68233.
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Yang, Jingwen. "Earnings management in European private firms versus public firms." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/earnings-management-in-european-private-firms-versus-public-firms(d6ea5125-6e4d-48c6-a806-f0baf7777a7e).html.
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This thesis presents three papers which empirically investigate earnings management (EM) in European private and public firms. Highlighting the importance of private firms, according to the Federation of European Accountants (2016), there are 99% of firms which are registered as private firms, and are considered as the backbone of the European economy. Similarly, there are around 29 million private firms in the U.S., which account for 86% of U.S. firms and generate almost one-half of the nation’s GDP. To date there is limited evidence about private firms’ EM activities. The thesis attempts to fill this gap by not only analysing EM in private firms, but also by comparing the EM of private firms with that of public firms, and in so doing, assesses whether determinants of EM are similar for both types of firms. The sample used in this study comprises both private and public firms domiciled in 11 European countries for which consolidated financial statements are available for the period from 2001 to 2013. These countries are Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the U.K. In developing the testable hypotheses, the study employs several theoretical frameworks related to EM including the ‘opportunistic behaviour’ and ‘demand’ theories. The main aim of the first paper is to assess the extent of EM for private and public firms domiciled in Europe. In particular, this paper examines the degree of EM for both private and public firms by considering, in part, the influence of country-level factors including legal enforcement, investor protection and tax systems, as well as the adoption of IFRS. The empirical results show that private firms are more likely to engage in EM than public firms, and the effects of IFRS in lowering EM is more pronounced for public firms than for private firms. Furthermore, country-level factors including legal enforcement, investor protection rules and tax rates are important determinants of EM. Given that enhancing country-level legal enforcement systems and investor protection may reduce the use of EM further in both private and public firms, the current study suggests that standard-setters should consider some of the country-level variables to better guarantee the quality of accounting information across countries. The second paper examines the accrual based EM of private and public firms domiciled in Europe, and questions whether IFRS adoption has improved EM. The paper further examines whether EM between private and public firms differs in the following three scenarios (i) due to the need to meet earnings benchmarks, (ii) when obtaining external financing and (iii) when VI the firm employs a Big4 auditor. The results suggest public firms, in general, have lower EM and report more conservatively than private firms. This result is consistent with the argument that on average public firms need to provide higher quality financial information to investors and other stakeholders relative to private firms. However, the finding suggest public firms’ lower EM is mitigated or decreased in the three settings mentioned above. Finally, this paper observes that the EM of public firms has decreased post-IFRS adoption, supporting the view that IFRS has improved the financial reporting quality of public firms. The third paper assesses the degree of real earnings management (REM) for private and public firms domiciled in Europe. This paper further examines some settings that present clear incentives to manage earnings such as (i) to meet earnings benchmarks, (ii) when obtaining external financing, (iii) when leverage is high, and (iv) when losses are large. The empirical results show that public firms engage in more earnings management through real operating activities, and that REM in public firms increased following IFRS adoption, relative to private firms. Furthermore, this study finds that public firms, overall, face stronger incentives to manage earnings than do private firms’ managers in the four settings mentioned above. The study contributes not only to the EM literature on non-accrual earnings management, but also the current debate on IFRS adoptions.
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Lewis, Kristin Elizabeth. "Public versus Private enforcement of South African competition law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65672.
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This dissertation will discuss the current process and procedure of enforcement of competition law in South Africa. A distinction will be drawn between public enforcement and private enforcement. This distinction will show which is the more predominant enforcement method. For this purpose, a detailed discussion of the provisions in the Competition Act 89 of 1998 will follow. The focus of the dissertation will thereafter shift to whether private enforcement is reasonably possible and pursuable by members of the public in terms of South African legislation. The rational for focusing on private enforcement will become clear through a discussion of Nationwide Airlines (Pty) Ltd (in liquidation) v South African Airways (Pty) Ltd 2016 (6) SA 19 (GJ). By 2016, this case was only the second claim of its kind and the first time a claim for damages based on a finding by the Tribunal had been litigated. The discussion will articulate the process of how the matter reached the High Court and the difficulties encountered in claiming damages. Thereafter, a brief discussion on comparative law will be included. The chosen foreign law is that of the European Union (“EU”). EU law was chosen as its competition law is well established and has been in practice for longer than the South African equivalent. Emphasis will be placed on the EU’s use of private enforcement and any lessons to be learnt in relation thereto. Finally, a conclusion will be reached on whether private enforcement is reasonably possible and pursuable by a member of the public and whether there are any recommendations on how private enforcement could be strengthened in South African law.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Lewis, Kristin Elizabeth. "Public versus private enforcement of South African competition law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67765.
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This dissertation will discuss the current process and procedure of enforcement of
competition law in South Africa. A distinction will be drawn between public enforcement and
private enforcement. This distinction will show which is the more predominant enforcement
method. For this purpose, a detailed discussion of the provisions in the Competition Act 89
of 1998 will follow.
The focus of the dissertation will thereafter shift to whether private enforcement is
reasonably possible and pursuable by members of the public in terms of South African
legislation. The rational for focusing on private enforcement will become clear through a
discussion of Nationwide Airlines (Pty) Ltd (in liquidation) v South African Airways (Pty) Ltd
2016 (6) SA 19 (GJ). By 2016, this case was only the second claim of its kind and the first
time a claim for damages based on a finding by the Tribunal had been litigated. The
discussion will articulate the process of how the matter reached the High Court and the
difficulties encountered in claiming damages.
Thereafter, a brief discussion on comparative law will be included. The chosen foreign law
is that of the European Union (“EU”). EU law was chosen as its competition law is well
established and has been in practice for longer than the South African equivalent. Emphasis
will be placed on the EU’s use of private enforcement and any lessons to be learnt in relation
thereto.
Finally, a conclusion will be reached on whether private enforcement is reasonably possible
and pursuable by a member of the public and whether there are any recommendations on
how private enforcement could be strengthened in South African law.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Laohasiriwong, Wongsa, and n/a. "Public versus private heath care provision in the northeast of Thailand." University of Canberra. Management, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.100911.
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This thesis is a comparative study of public and private health care provision in Northeast
Thailand. It main objective is to explore the question of whether private health providers
are more efficient and effective than their public health counterparts The thesis also
examines equity concerns raised by the growth of private sector medical institutions The
study commences by describing the changes in health problems, health policies and health
care delivery in developing countries and Thailand that have led to the development and
growth of private health care. This is followed by detailed consideration of the Northeast of
Thailand including the socioeconomic context, health indicators and health delivery
systems development paying particular attention to private sector growth. The remainder of
the thesis is comprised of an empirical study of selected public and private sector hospitals
in Northeast Thailand and an analysis of the results Much of the data was collected from
questionnaires delivered to patients and staff in the study hospitals.
The major findings include roughly similar levels of patient satisfaction between public and
private hospitals; patients utilizing public hospitals often had no choice of which
institutions to use, and the average incomes of patients attending private hospitals were
above those of public hospital patients. There was undoubted inequity of access to private
sector facilities. Data gathered from hospital staff showed greater levels of satisfaction with
staffing levels and quality in private hospitals than in public ones. Salaries were more
compressed in public hospitals due to central government rules than in private hospitals
whose management was based on market considerations. However, higher salaries were
paid to skilled professionals in the private sector. Public sector hospital management was
typically bureaucratic with central government guidelines and decisions determining many
aspects of hospital organization. It was found that comparison between public and private
hospitals was complicated by the different missions and activities of institutions in the two
sectors. The thesis concludes by arguing that the mixture of public and private health care
providers has contributed to a more competitive atmosphere which has encouraged greater
concern with quality and efficiency in the delivery of health services in Thailand.
8
Kleitz, Christiana Camille. "The economics of landslide mitigation strategies: public versus private decisions." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53173.
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The economic rationale for public intervention in decisions regarding landslide hazard mitigation was examined through a cost-benefit analysis. A study area in Cincinnati, Ohio was used to test whether a public agency decision rule is suboptimal to a private decision rule in maximizing net benefits from landslide mitigation.
A 1985 U.S. Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) report on landslide mitigation in Cincinnati, Ohio formed the basis for the cost-benefit analysis. Expected gross benefits from mitigation were determined by multiplying the probability of a landslide by an estimate of the property damages. A landslide probability model developed by the U.S.G.S. was tested against data for a study area in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A Spearman rank correlation test, comparing actual and predicted landslide occurrence, indicated that the model is a good predictor and could be used to predict landslides in other areas of similar geology. Due to the poor quality of data on actual landslide damages, a regression equation was estimated to predict the actual damages resulting from a landslide in the Cincinnati study area.
A cost-benefit analysis was performed for the Cincinnati study area using three different approaches to measuring property damages. The results of the analysis support the hypothesis. In the most extreme case, annualized net benefits from mitigation are equal to $2.1 million under the private decision rule compared with only $1.6 million under the public agency decision rule.Master of Arts
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Ingle, M. "Public policy and Batho Pele in South Africa : time to turn over a new leaf." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 9, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/579.
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Published ArticleThis paper is concerned to show that seminal public policy principles have sometimes failed to translate into improved customer service in South Africa and to discover why this should be so. After discussing various dimensions of public policy formulation and implementation, the article cites instances whereby service levels are seen to be compromised by poor execution of policy. It is submitted that inappropriate criteria for the recruitment of office bearers, and a worrying tendency to fail to distinguish adequately between public and private goods, have contributed to degraded levels of customer service which violate the spirit of Batho Pele. It is concluded that government needs to 'walk the talk' with respect to Batho Pele by ridding its administration of officials who have shown themselves to be either incompetent or corrupt.
10
Irick, Ronald P. "An analysis of public versus private competition in the naval aviation depots." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA276252.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1993.Thesis advisor(s): Jeffery A. Warmington ; Nancy C. Roberts. "December 1993." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Hendricks, Ebrahiem. "Towards Good Corporate Governance in South Africa: Private Enforcement versus Public Enforcement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4631.
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For the past six and half years a great deal of attention has been devoted to the reform of South African company law. The reform process commenced in September 2003, when the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) initiated a reform programme that included a review of existing securities regulation and, of corporate structures and practices in the area of corporate governance. Subsequently, in March 2004 (and updated in June 2004) the DTI published a policy document on corporate law reform entitled 'South African Company Law for the 21st Century: Guidelines for Corporate Law Reform'. This policy paper explained that company law in South Africa would be reviewed and modernised. The objectives of the reform process were to align it with international trends and to accommodate the economic and legislative changes that have taken place in South Africa since the advent of democracy in 1994. The policy paper also explained that this reform process would occur in two stages. Firstly, urgent interim changes would be brought by the Corporate Law Amendment Act No 24 of 2006. The Act provided for, amongst others, assistance to acquire shares and greater protection of minority shareholders in respect of takeovers .The Act came into effect on 14 December 2007. Secondly, the new Companies Act will repeal and replace the entire Companies Act No 61 of 1973, when it becomes operational.
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Afridi, Muhammad Asim. "The effects of health aid on health outcomes : public versus private channels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1111.
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La réduction de la mortalité maternelle et infantile est universellement acceptée comme un objectif du millénaire pour le développement. L'aide étrangère est un des moyens utilisés pour l'atteindre. Cependant, malgré les succès, à l'échelle microéconomique, de certains programmes de santé financés par les aides étrangères, l'efficacité globale de ces aides demeure inconnue. Plusieurs travaux ont traité de l'efficacité de l'aides sur la croissance économique, mais peu d'entre eux concernent le secteur de la santé. Le but de cette thèse, est précisément d'évaluer l'efficacité des aides étrangères sur des indicateurs de santé à l'échelle macroéconomique. On va essayer d'explorer l'impact des aides étrangères octroyées par des bailleurs privés et publics sur l'état de santé telle que la mortalité infantile, maternelle et des adultes dans les pays en développement. La thèse examine l'affectation des aides étrangères au secteur de la santé, à travers trois documents de travail à soumettre à publicationThe reduction of child and maternal mortality is universally accepted as a millennium development goal (MDG). Foreign aid for health is one of the means implemented to reach it. However, even if many successes of health aid activities have been underlined at the microeconomic level, the effectiveness of health aid in general remains unknown. In spite of many macroeconomic works on aid effectiveness on economic growth, only little deals with its effectiveness in health. The purpose of this thesis is precisely to assess the effectiveness of foreign aid in improving health measurements, at the macroeconomic level. I tried to explore the impact of health aid disbursed by the donors through the government and private sector on health outcomes like child, maternal and adult mortality rates in developing economies. The thesis examines the issue of foreign aid earmarked for health sector using a three-paper format. The three chapters of this thesis can be read independently
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Borges, Renata. "PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF WORK SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/318.
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The objective of this research is to compare public and private organizations with regard to work related attitudes, work satisfaction and organizational commitment. The long-standing debate as to whether or not public administration must rely upon business administration assumptions has strengthened the need for more research analyzing the similarities and differences between public and private organizations. The public-private comparison is relevant to understand the context in which the transferability of management techniques occurs and be aware of the differences between public and private employees' needs and perceptions. Therefore, this study attempts to explore if the factors that influence work satisfaction and organizational commitment differ for public and private employees. Data from a survey of 925 employees in the public sector and 339 employees in the private sector were collected in order to explore the antecedents of satisfaction and commitment. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the proposed hypotheses.
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Osborne, Benjamin. "Private morality versus the public good : Ebenezer Ward and South Australia, 1880-1881 /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09aro814.pdf.
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REGO, RICARDO BORDEAUX. "BRAZILIAN S CAPITAL MARKET CHANGE: PRIVATE VERSUS PUBLIC STOCK PLACEMENTS AFTER PLANO REAL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5749@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOREsta tese investiga a decisão por emissões públicas ou particulares de ações no Brasil. É apresentada uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional sobre o assunto. É relatada a evidência empírica no Brasil. Dois modelos são construídos de forma a elucidar o problema investigado, à luz da literatura revista e da evidência empírica: Análise Discriminante e Regressão Logística. A legislação relativa às emissões e ações no Brasil é resumida. Os resultados apontam para maior propensão à emissão privada de empresas estatais ou holdings, com menor lucratividade (maiores prejuízos), que realizaram emissões de menor porte, apresentavam maior concentração de propriedade, endividamento e menor liquidez em Bolsa de Valores.
This dissertation studies the decision for public issues or private placements of equity in Brazil as a source of capital. The national and international literature on the subject is reviewed. The empirical evidence of placements of the Brazilian capital market and the characteristics of the issuers are also presented. After the discussion of the evidence and literature, two models are constructed: Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression, relating the characteristics of firms to the decision of type of issue. The regulation of stock issues is also discussed. The results show that firms with less liquid stocks, more debt, lower returns on equity and profits, more concentration of control and smaller issues, more probably use private issues.
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Cahan, Ercument. "Efficient Provision Of Educational Services And Public Versus Private Universities: The Case Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606284/index.pdf.
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This thesis studies the relative efficiencies of public and private universities in Turkish higher education system in producing human capital output for the economy in 1998-2002 period, by aiming at to propose a resource allocation policy for the realm of higher education to be pursued by the government. For this purpose, it develops a model which is built on the academic quality and per student expenditure variables of the public and private universities in producing human capital output, and calibrates it with Turkish higher education data. The results of the calibrated model have revealed that the resources devoted to higher education were allocated inefficiently between the public and private universities in Turkish higher education system in the above mentioned period. It is shown that the implementation of the government policy, which is proposed by study, helps the higher education market approach to Pareto optimum allocation of higher educational resources between public and private universities.
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Harrison, Joycelyn Lorraine. "MOTIVATIONS FOR ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION IN PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4452.
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The goal of this research was to increase the knowledge base regarding Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software implementation, particularly in the public sector. To this end, factors regarding benefits sought through ERP system implementation and critical factors surrounding successful ERP implementation were identified. In addition, the perception of project team members' satisfaction with modules implemented and their concerns about implementing ERP software were identified in this study. The results of this study provided recommendations for public and private sector organizations in order to increase their opportunity for successful ERP system implementation. The literature review and results of this study found suggested that the benefits sought during ERP system implementation were consistent among public- and private-sector organizations. Benefits such as increased standardization, better reporting, and reduced operational costs were recognized as goals of ERP implementation. Factors that attributed to successful ERP system implementations were top management support, and knowledgeable project managers and team members. The t-test analyses found differences among the two groups, public and private sector organizations, regarding some benefits sought and the level of satisfaction with some modules. The study included recommendations for organizations to fully research ERP functionality prior to implementation, implement strong change management, use other means of measuring return on investment, ensure employee buy in and top management involvement, and avoid scope creep.Ed.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Educational Research, Technology, and Leadership
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Harder, Jayne Ann. "The effect of private versus public evaluation on stereotype threat for women in mathematics /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Felicello, Rosanne Elena. "Is America driven by profit?: a sociological study of private versus public interests in American society." Thesis, Boston University, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27646.
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Kirbasli, Karaoglu Dilsad. "Consequentialist Versus Deontological Ethical Dispositions Of Turkish Banking Sector Managers: Comparing A Public And A Private Bank." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607430/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is to see in a descriptive manner, whether there is a difference in the ethical disposition of public and private banking sector managers in Türkiye, according to two ethical theories: consequentialism (based on the consequences of the action) and deontologism (based on principles). The study analyzes the preferences of the managers both in the way of thinking and acting to see whether people act consistently with their way of thinking. The degree of validity of consequentialism/deontologism dichotomy and the daptability of these western theories to the Turkish context are also analyzed. Two hypotheses have been formed: private sector managers, young and male managers tend to be more consequentialist whereas public sector managers, elderly and female managers have a tendency toward deontologism. These hypotheses were tested on 58 managers working in the headquarters in Ankara (34 in the public, 24 in the private sector) through vignettes and interviews as data collection methods. As a result of the ANOVA analysis and content analysis performed on the data, private sector managers and male managers seem to be more consequentialist and they are consistent in their way of thinking and acting, but public sector managers, elderly and female managers do not have a tendency toward deontologism. The semistructured interviews showed that the level of awareness of the term ethics was low. Due to radical changes in social values in the last two decades in Tü
rkiye, contradictory values co-exist. The suitability of the consequentialist/deontological dichotomy may be questioned for Tü
rkiye.
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Melcher, David J. "Public versus private an investigation of Berks County's human service agencies' executive directors; attitudes regarding management styles /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1996. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1996.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2951. Typescript. Abstract precedes second title page. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-110).
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Bianco, Martha J. "Private Profit Versus Public Service: Competing Demands in Urban Transportation History and Policy, Portland, Oregon, 1872-1970." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4754.
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This dissertation is a case study of the history of urban transportation policy in Portland, Oregon, between 1872 and 1970. The emphasis is on mass transit policy formulated and implemented by the private and public sectors as response to crises within both the local transit industry and the urban political economy. These crises are placed in the context of the continuing conflict between the industry's right to profit and its obligation to meet the competing demands of its constituencies: ridership's demands for low fares and comprehensive service; labor's demands for competitive wages; downtown businesses' demands for peak-hour service; and the regulatory demands imposed by the city and state. The development of Portland's mass transit policy is presented within the larger context of urban transportation policy and planning in general and is compared with the experiences of other cities throughout the country.
This study concludes the primary crises that defined urban transportation policy in Portland can be divided into two types. Those that existed during the period of private ownership arose from the conflicting demands of the various actors in the transportation policy process. There were also those crises that arose just prior to and during the transition to public ownership: in addition to the traditional conflicts that had been present--labor, ridership, the city--there were new elements of conflict between the central city and the growing suburbs.
This study also concludes that the decline of transit began in 1919 and that the roots of this decline lie in the structure of the industry, its place in the local political economy, and in its inherently antagonistic relationship with the city. While the use of the automobile, suburbanization, and highway development were all significant factors in accelerating transit's decline, they alone do not explain transit's decline.
Finally, this study concludes that in the Portland case, it was a combination of several factors that worked together to facilitate the implementation of public ownership and operation of transit in Portland, including growing concern about the weakening economic strength of the central city and the availability of new sources of implementation funding.
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Čelka, Marius. "Viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystė Kauno rajone." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130621_132816-36032.
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Pagrindinių universitetinių studijų baigiamasis darbas, sudarytas iš 60 puslapių, 11 paveikslų, 17 lentelių, 47 literatūros šaltinių ir 5 priedų lietuvių kalba.
Prasminiai žodžiai: viešasis sektorius, privatus verslas, partnerystė, infrastruktūra.
Tyrimo objektas – viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystės pasireiškimo sritys Kauno rajone.
Tyrimo tikslas – parengti viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystės tikslingumo vertinimo modelį bei numatyti jo pritaikymo galimybes Kauno rajono savivaldybėje.
Uždaviniai:
1. Išanalizuoti viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystės teorinius aspektus.
2. Atlikti viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystės galimybių tyrimą Kauno rajone.
3. Parengti viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystės tikslingumo vertinimo modelį.
4. Numatyti viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystės tikslingumo vertinimo modelio pritaikymo galimybes Kauno rajono savivaldybėje.
Tyrimo metodai: dokumentų analizė, mokslinės literatūros analizė ir sintezė, lyginamoji analizė, duomenų sisteminimo analizė, indukcija ir dedukcija, loginė analizė ir sintezė, grupavimo, grafinio vaizdavimo metodai.
Tyrimo rezultatai:
• Pirmojoje darbo dalyje buvo apibendrintos viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo sampratos, viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystės ryšių formavimo samprata, viešojo sektoriaus ir privataus verslo partnerystės formos ir tipai bei partnerystės sėkmę lemiantys veiksniai .
• Antrojoje darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Final work of university undergraduate studies consists of 60 pages, 11 figures, 17 tables, 47 references and 5 annexes, in the Lithuanian language. Keywords: public sector, private sector, partnership, infrastructure. Research object – partnership of public sector and private business in Kaunas district. Research aim – to prepare the expediency assessment model of public sector and private business partneship and to predict its opportunities to be adapted in Kaunas district municipality. Objectives: 1. to analyze theoretical aspects of public sector and private business partnership; 2. to make feasibility study of public sector and private business partnership in Kaunas district; 3. to prepare the expediency model of public sector and private business partnership; 4. to predict opportunities of adaption of expediency model of public sector and private business partnership in Kaunas district municipality. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of literature and documents, comparative analysis, systematization of data, induction and deduction, logical analysis and synthesis, grouping and graphical representation. Research results: • The first part of the thesis introduces and generalizes the concepts of public sector and private business, the concept of public sector and private business partnership formation, the forms and types of public sector and private business partnership and the success factors of public - private sector partnership. • The second part analyzes... [to full text]
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Lukman, Joshua R. "Right to publicity and privacy versus first amendment freedom of speech." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/323.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Wirtz, Christian Cornelius. "Blackwater versus Blackbeard : which international regulations exist for the use of private maritime security companies in vessel protection operations?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20773.
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The problem of piracy and armed robbery at sea has sharply risen in the last decades. As a result, shipping companies, governments, insurances and maritime organisations have tried to approach the problem in different ways, the employment of private maritime security companies being one of them. State navies do not have enough resources to cover the vast areas of the high seas. As a result, armed security teams are exercising traditional State functions to protect vessels from being attacked. This study aims to find the legal foundations in international public law for the employment of armed guards on-board of commercial or private vessels. Furthermore, legal questions about the seizing of pirates, the use of force, criminal jurisdiction on-board of ships and the carrying of weapons will be scrutinized. For this purpose, the applicability of the Geneva Conventions and other key documents of the international humanitarian law will be analysed such as the Montreux Document and the Draft International Convention on the Regulation, Oversight and Monitoring of Private Military and Security Companies. Moreover, relevant aspects of the UNCLOS rules will be highlighted. An additional chapter will review existing international and regional soft law standards, mainly developed by the shipping and the security industry. The analysis concludes that international law has not yet developed distinct rules for the use of private maritime security companies. Especially the UNCLOS does not deal with private actors in the fight against piracy at all. As a result, national law remains responsible for the creation of a comprehensive set of rules concerning the employment and the conduct of maritime security guards. In addition, the vast number of soft law guidance and standards are missing enforceable and effective mechanisms and cannot yet be seen as an alternative for national regulations.
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Dutto, Samantha Mia. "Public versus private sector outlays on non-wage compensation in Wisconsin : an analysis of health insurance, pension, tenure, and other systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28547.
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Darland, Diane Michele. "The effects of ego involvement and private versus public feedback on estimates of consensus for failure : a search for false uniqueness /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487758178239134.
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Leal, Joana Chaveiro Martinho Pereira. "Contextos educativos formais: ensino particular cooperativo versus ensino público." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29839.
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer a perceção dos pais/ encarregados/as de educação e professores/as sobre o ensino particular/cooperativo e o ensino público. Participaram neste estudo 20 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, (N=5) pais/ encarregados/as de educação com filhos no 1º ciclo do ensino básico público; (N=5) do particular/cooperativo; (N=5) professores/as do 1º ciclo do ensino básico público e (N=5) do particular/cooperativo. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados com recurso à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram que existem algumas diferenças entre os dois contextos de ensino, relativas à perceção sobre as infraestruturas e recursos, às práticas pedagógicas e de ensino, à diversidade e homogeneidade de alunos/as e ao número de alunos/as por turma. Contudo, verifica-se concordância na perceção relativamente à qualidade do ensino, das práticas pedagógicas, do pessoal docente e da relação estabelecida entre o/a professor/a, os/as alunos/as e os pais/ encarregados/as de educação; Formal educational contexts: private/ cooperative education versus public education
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The purpose of this study is to inquire the known perception of parents, guardian and, also, teachers, on private/ cooperative education and public education. The study was validated by twenty subjects, both male and female, which were: (N=5) parents or guardian of children attending elementary public schools; (N=5) parents or guardian of children attending private/ cooperative elementary schools; (N=5) public elementary school teachers; (N=5) private/ cooperative elementary school teachers. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews and assessed through content analysis. The outcome revealed major differences between the two teaching settings due to different resources and infrastructure perceptions, different educational and teaching practises, the diversity/ uniformity of the school attending children and also the number of students per class. Regardless of this, there is an agreement on the undeniable quality of the teaching methods, the educational practice and the relationship set, between teachers, children, and parents in both.
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Braga, Ana Rita Morgado Lopes. "As parcerias público-privadas no sector da saúde : o caso de Portugal versus a experiência do Reino Unido." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11223.
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Mestrado Ciências EmpresariaisA adopção de Parcerias Público-Privadas, como forma de fornecer activos e serviços públicos, tem sido recorrente a nível mundial devido ao desafio dos Estados gerirem uma série de restrições orçamentais e a necessidade de desenvolver projectos de investimento público e serviços capazes de satisfazer as necessidades das populações. No sector da saúde a abordagem às PPP tem sido cada vez mais recorrente. Esta adopção das PPP procura a melhoria do sistema de saúde do país e a redução das despesas do Estado com a saúde, gerando uma melhor utilização dos recursos públicos. Na Europa, a origem das PPP na saúde desenvolveu-se no Reino Unido em 1997, possuindo este país um vasto número de projectos. Em Portugal, a adopção deste regime é recente. No entanto, a inexperiência (comparativamente com o Reino Unido) não foi um obstáculo para a implementação dum programa PPP de saúde ambicioso e inovador. Apesar da frequente utilização das PPP são-lhes, muitas vezes, apontadas críticas que põem em causa a sua capacidade de gerar value for money. Perante este cenário, procurou-se avaliar a experiência portuguesa à luz da experiência do Reino Unido, tendo sido recolhida informação de diversas fontes bibliográficas de modo a poder descrever a experiência destes países e identificar os seus sucessos e lacunas. Das conclusões retiradas é comum, a ambos os países, a falta de transparência associada aos projectos PPP no que respeita ao seu custo-benefício, o que dificultou a conclusão sobre a forma como os projectos PPP saúde influenciaram as contas públicas.
Worldwide, the use of public-private partnerships as a way to provide public goods and services is increasing. This is justified by the challenge of managing a series of budget constraints and the need to develop public services and investment projects to meet the populations' needs. The approach to PPPs in the health sector has been increasing, and it seeks the renewal of the health system of the country and the relief of government expenditure on health, due to a better exploitation of public resources. The UK was, in 1997, the European origin of PPPs in health. Therefore, this country has a large number of projects. In Portugal, the adoption of PPPs is recent. However, its inexperience (when compared with the UK) wasn?t an obstacle to the implementation of a PPP program for the health sector extremely ambitious and innovative. Despite the increasing approach to PPPs, these are criticised regarding their ability to generate value for money. In this context, this study evaluates the Portuguese experience in light of the United Kingdom experience with PPPs in the health sector. The information was gathered from various literature sources in order to describe the experience of these two countries and identify their successes and gaps. Of all the conclusions drawn, the lack of transparency associated with PPP projects in relation to its effective costs and benefits is general for both countries. This makes it difficult to determine how PPP projects in the health sector influence the public accounts.
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Černá, Michaela. "Ochrana práv věřitelů v České republice: soudní vymáhání versus soukromé alternativy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9200.
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This diploma thesis focuses on relation between state and private system of debt collection. The first part of this paper briefly describes traditional role of the government in general and deals with question if it is possible to establish competition into the justice. The second part describes and analyzes four different systems of debt collection in the Czech Republic -- execution procedure by public judicial system, by judicial officer (for-profit alternative), by arbitration court and by collection agency. In this part there are also described mechanisms of how four different systems work. The analysis of efficiency of four systems arises from comparison different motivation and mechanism used by representatives of systems. The aim of this paper is to monitor present condition in the market of debt collection in the Czech Republic and to demonstrate if the protection of property rights changed by the entrance of non-state alternatives.
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Abdel-Monem, Ahmed O. M. "An exploratory study of the marketing philosophies and practices of industrial product firms, with special reference to public versus private Egyptian aluminium companies." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381315.
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Dalcastel, Marcia Bataglin. "Conflito de interesses na sociedade de economia mista: interesse público versus interesse privado." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2419.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA presente tese tem por objetivo tratar do conflito de interesses na sociedade de economia mista. Referida sociedade tem na sua base constitutiva o conflito como elemento inerente. Por possuir capital público e privado, não é fácil solucionar facilmente os problemas que se apresentam no decorrer de sua existência frente à possibilidade de que o detentor do poder de controle pode decidir em prol do interesse público. E é visando limitar a má utilização do interesse público como resposta à tomada de decisões por parte do acionista controlador que se propõe uma mudança de paradigma. Para tanto, propõe-se analisar o papel do Estado empresário na atual conjuntura de limitação de intervenção do Estado na economia. Também é abordada a forma com que o poder Executivo vem intervindo no mercado, de forma a limitar a livre iniciativa e, por vezes, até mesmo eivada de certa inconstitucionalidade. No entanto, para evitar que haja afronta à Constituição no que diz respeito à exploração de atividade econômica por parte do Estado sem que sejam observados os limites constitucionais impostos, apresenta-se o meta-interesse como meio de solução. Sendo o meta-interesse o interesse da própria companhia, e considerando que o interesse público que fundamenta a autorização para a criação da sociedade de economia mista se extingue com a criação da referida companhia, tem-se que as normas que devem reger as sociedades de economia mista são as normas de direito privado. Com o meta-interesse o Estado passa a intervir na seara privada em igualdade de condições com as demais companhias, não podendo mais se valer de sua posição de acionista majoritário para tomar decisões que conflitem com o interesse da companhia e que privilegiem o interesse público secundário ou até mesmo o interesse político do Estado em detrimento do interesse social e dos acionistas minoritários. Dessa forma, o meta-interesse tem por finalidade colocar fim aos conflitos em relação à aplicação das normas jurídicas e as indefinições da própria natureza da sociedade de economia mista.
The nodal question of this thesis represents eventuals conflicts insurged on mixed capital companies. That typeof society have a particular constitutive element: conflits, sedimented in yourtwo nature constitutive capital public and private. It is not become easilier overcome hodiernal issues when the main controlling shareholder have to decide in public interest favor. It is proposed to change paradigms, in order to limit the misuse of public interest. Therefore, this work analyzes the role of Government as the main shareholder in the current situation of state intervention in the economy. Also covered is the way the executive branch hás intervened in the market, so as to limit free enterprise. Nevertheless to avoid that affront to Constitution with regard to the exploitation of economic activity by the state without being observed the constitutional limits imposed, we present the meta-interest as a means of solution. Being this concept the interest of the company itself, and considering that the public interest that justifies the authorization for creation of mixed capital company is extinguished with creation of this company, we have that the norms that should govern societies mixed are the rules of private law. On the logic of the meta-interesse, the state shall intervene in the private sphere on equal terms with other companies. However, his position as majority shareholder to make decisions that conflict with the interests of the company can no longer be used. Besides the public and political interest can not violate the social interest of minority shareholders. Therefore, the meta-interesse is intended to put na end to conflicts related to the application of legal standards and the uncertainties in the nature of company of mixed economy.
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Maslowski, Lindsay B. "The various post-secondary educational and career aspirations of high school females in one public versus one private school setting in the Mid-west." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004maslowskil.pdf.
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Smithgall, Lisa M. "Perceptions of Maternal Stress and Neonatal Patient Outcomes in a Single Private Room versus Open Room Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Environment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1772.
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Limited clinical evidence exists regarding whether the single private room Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment of care delivery has a positive, negative, or neutral impact on health outcomes for the high risk neonate and on maternal stress as compared to the open room design. The study purpose was to examine whether a difference exists in health outcomes in the open room versus single private room NICU environment. The factors considered were weight gain, ventilator days, hospital length of stay, incidence and grade of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), the number of parental visits, and perceptions of maternal stress. Infants hospitalized in an open room environment (n=52) were matched by gestational age to infants in a single private room NICU (n=52). Mothers of the infants from the open room (n=26) and the single private room (n=20) groups completed the Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU) survey instrument. The t-test for independent groups demonstrated a difference for the number of parent visits (t=6.672, df=60.13, p<.001) with a significant increase in visitation frequency for infants in the single private room NICU. Maternal perceptions of stress were not different (t=.154, df=44, p=.878), and high stress scores were reported for both groups regardless of the infant's environment of hospitalization. This study demonstrates that the single private room environment promotes increased parental access to their infants. The finding of high levels of maternal perception of stress in both the open room and single private room NICU's demonstrates that the environment did not impact the perception of maternal stress. This finding supports the implication that mothers of hospitalized infants need nursing support regardless of the type of NICU environment.
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Winslow, Cessna Catherine Smith. "An Exploration of the Characteristics of Public Relations in Regards to Face-to-Face Versus Distance Learning in Two Private Liberal Arts Higher Education Settings." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615461.
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This study explored perceptions of Public Relations (PR) among graduate higher education publics regarding distance learning as contrasted with face-to-face learning contexts. The research questions assessed student, faculty and administrator perceptions of characteristics of PR: trust, communication, quality, respect and rigor.
Participants included students and professors who had experienced both online and face-to-face learning, as well as administrators from two private universities. The larger of the two schools was in the Midwest region of the United States, and at the time of this study, was relatively new to online instruction. The smaller school was located in the Southeast region and offered an established online instruction program. Survey responses were collected from 69 students and 108 faculty, staff, and administrators. Out of those surveyed, six students, seven faculty, and six administrators were interviewed. Furthermore, I interviewed three human resources administrators from educational establishments who had experience hiring people with graduate education degrees. In addition, I analyzed student evaluations of courses taught both online and face-to-face at the smaller university.
Following completion of qualitative coding of interview data, examination of numeric descriptive trends within survey responses, and analysis of course evaluations, the findings revealed overall positive perceptions with strengths identified in online communication, respect, and rigor and weaknesses in trust and quality. Recommended improvements included strengthening academic integrity efforts through the consistent use of anti-plagiarism software and implementation of a rigorous culture of ethical enforcement. There is also a need for proactive provision of professional development for online teaching to provide the most student-efficient distance learning environment. Additionally, results of this study indicated a need for restructure of student evaluations of teaching to ensure assessment of the unique dynamics of online coursework.
The significance of these findings is two-fold: First, the data can potentially help university administrators effectively connect with internal and external publics and possibly foster collaboration between administration, faculty, and PR staff. Secondly, the insights reported from the analyzed data may be useful in rationalizing institutional beliefs and subsequent needs when writing departmental or institutional strategic improvement plans.
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Campos, Márcia Regina Leal. "Novo tratamento dispensado aos interesses públicos versus as prerrogativas garantidas à administração pública, como parte em ações judiciais trabalhistas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/6984.
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Public Administration enjoys procedural prerogatives, such as special deadlines for presenting defenses and appeals, a situation that occurs from the public supreme interest principle over the private interest. The Labor Procedure excels for simplicity and celerity of the lawsuit, mostly due to the nature of the quotas under discussion: its alimentary nature. The worker usually remains unbalanced in the material and procedural relationships, and he is not able to survive with dignity, without the strength of his work. Hence the need to simplify the labor lawsuit procedures pattern and to reduce their lasting period. Such is the approach of this dissertation: to discuss the consistency of the special deadlines assured to Public Administration, whenever we are dealing with labor lawsuits, when, on the other side of procedural relationship, stands an unbalanced and weak worker, in need of a fast and effective judicial solution. Mainly since the new interpretations of Administrative Law, after the 1988 Constitution, which adopted the human being dignity basis.
A Administração Pública goza de prerrogativas processuais, dentre elas prazos especiais para apresentação de defesas e recursos, que decorrem do princípio da supremacia do interesse público sobre o interesse privado. O Processo do Trabalho prima pela simplicidade e celeridade dos procedimentos judiciais, principalmente em razão da natureza das parcelas discutidas: natureza alimentar. O trabalhador, em geral parte hipossuficiente nas relações material e processual, não sobrevive dignamente, sem os recursos advindos de sua força de trabalho. Por isso, a necessidade de simplificar a forma dos processos trabalhistas e diminuir seu tempo de duração. Esta é a abordagem desta dissertação: questiona-se a compatibilidade dos prazos especiais assegurados à Administração Pública, quando se cuida de ações trabalhistas, em que, do outro lado da relação processual, há um trabalhador hipossuficiente, carente da solução judicial célere e efetiva. Principalmente a partir das novas interpretações do Direito Administrativo, pós Constituição de 1988, que adota como fundamento a dignidade da pessoa humana.
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Vianna, Norma Fonseca. "Espaços coletivos: espaços privados com áreas coletivas." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2611.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-13Common spaces comprise areas of private usage which allows in its schedule spaces that intermarry to public usage. The aim of this work is to reflect upon the relations between public spaces and private spaces; to introduce the discussion over the role and the values of these spaces in present cities and how the Architect interferes in the city s schedule. Proposal of projects that contain common spaces are analysed, covering the following characteristics: urban requalification and the reestablishment of the fresh air sociability in a city needy of spaces; the integration between the State (public) and Empresarial strategies (private) with participative urban policies; the public possibility of the private project to establish itself in the urban level and to manifest itself on the city image trough the spaces of public sociability; the Symbolism and the dialog representation between the social fields, productive and ambient; common space of exchange, circulation and a net of connections between the blocks; the possibility of bigger retreats, shading, adequate flow and the reestablishment of the fresh air sociability in a city needy of spaces. Case studies, that covers three projects in São Paulo city, are accomplished, as follows: Cetenco Plaza, project of architects Rubens Carneiro Vianna and Ricardo Sievers; Itau Empresarial Center (CEIC), project of architects Jaime Cupertino and Francisco Javier; and Brascan Century Plaza, project of architects Jorge Konigsberger and Gianfranco Vannucchi.
Os espaços coletivos compreendem as áreas de uso privado que permitem em seu desenho espaços que se misturam aos de uso público. Este trabalho tem por objetivo: refletir sobre as relações entre espaços públicos e espaços privados; introduzir a discussão sobre o papel e os valores destes espaços na cidade atual e como a posição do arquiteto interfere no desenho da cidade. São também analisadas propostas de projetos que contenham espaços coletivos, envolvendo algumas características. São elas: a requalificação urbana e o restabelecimento da convivência ao ar livre em uma cidade carente de espaços; a integração entre Estado (público) e estratégias empresariais (privado) e as políticas urbanas participativas; a possibilidade pública do projeto privado se implantar em um nível urbano e se traduzir na imagem da cidade através de espaços de convivência pública; o simbolismo e a representação do diálogo entre as esferas sociais, produtivas e ambientais; o espaço comum de troca, circulação e uma malha de conexões entre as quadras; a possibilidade de maiores recuos, sombreamento e ventilação adequada. São ainda apresentados três projetos na cidade de São Paulo, na condição de estudos de casos: Cetenco Plaza, projeto dos arquitetos Rubens Carneiro Vianna e Ricardo Sievers; Centro Empresarial Itaú Conceição (CEIC), projetos dos arquitetos Jaime Cupertino e Francisco Javier e Brascan Century Plaza, projeto dos arquitetos Jorge Konigsberger e Gianfranco Vannucchi.
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Pereira, Inácia Carvalho Dias Ferreira Pimentel Pacheco. "Three essays on public investment versus private investment." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16387.
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Doutoramento em EconomiaThe capacity of public consumption, public investment, and private investment to influence the economic activity has been a research topic for decades, however, there is no consensus about the qualitative effects of fiscal policy. The main goal of this dissertation is to deepen the understanding about what role public intervention, through PPPs, public consumption, and public investment, may play in boosting economic activity and to compare it with the results from innovations in private investment. In the first essay the macroeconomic impact of investment in PPPs, public and private investment in Portugal was tested using a VAR model. The results show that public and private investment has a positive effect in GDP while investment in PPP reduces the Portuguese output. Moreover, an increase in PPP investment crowds-out both private and public investment, while public investment presents a crowding-in effect in both private investment and investment in PPP; and private investment shows the same crowding-in effect in both investment in PPP and public investment. In the second essay, a VAR was applied to a panel data for 14 OECD countries to investigate the dynamic impact of public consumption, public investment, and private investment on the average output of these countries. We find that public consumption plays an active role only in those economies which suffered severe economic consequences in the recent crisis. On the contrary, private investment allows a boost in the output of all the countries under analysis. Finally, in the third essay, a GVAR approach was used to test for the cross- country spillover effects of an increase in public and private investment in 16 countries. The findings show statistically significant cross-border effects mainly in neighboring countries, with the magnitude of the impacts being modest.
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Joshee, Jeetendra Raj. "Public versus private education: A comparative case study of a public and a private school in Nepal." 1994. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9434497.
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This dissertation examines and analyzes the differences between a public and a private school in Nepal. The study looks at different factors such as school management and operation, school environment, external interference in school business, student discipline and behavior, teacher qualification and training and school curriculum. The study examines them as factors contributing to the school's success and effectiveness. The study explores how the two schools are managed and operated, the curriculums that are taught, and the learning environment that existed. The study describes how students, teachers, school Headmaster, Principal, and parents felt about the public and the private school. A qualitative case study method was used as the primary research methodology for this study. The main source of data came from in-depth interviews of 16 participants who were students, teachers, school Headmaster, Principal, and parents of the two schools. Additional data was gathered from the researcher's journal based on school observations, government statistical reports, and school documents. The findings indicate that the school Headmaster needs autonomy and decision making freedom to manage the school effectively. A positive learning environment is necessary for a school to succeed and outside interference and presence of non-educational activities such as politics is destructive to the school environment. The study suggests that the government and the community must clearly define and understand their role in the school, so that their involvement helps rather than interferes in the school. The study indicates that the quality of education in the private school was better than the one in the public school. Although not significantly different, the public school teachers had more qualifications and training than the private school teachers. However, more supplemental and advanced curricula was taught in the private school. Despite the high tuition and fees, the parents preferred to send their children to private schools.
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"Brazilians capital market change: private versus public stock placements after plano real." Tese, MAXWELL, 2004. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=5749:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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Oliveira, João Brás de. "Effectiveness of private schools versus public schools: a comparative analysis in Portugal." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/32480.
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This study compares the effects of private versus public school administration on student performance in Portugal, which benefits from the existence of publicly funded private schools (CA schools). We have constructed two measures of students’ achievements in order to compare the effectiveness of each type of class. Firstly, a Logit is used to estimate the probability of completing Lower Secondary School (7th to 9th grade) in three years. Secondly, we employ a Value-Added approach by OLS, to compare national exam scores at 9th grade. Our findings suggest a positive, but modest, increase in the probability of completing Lower Secondary School with zero retentions, for those students attending a publicly funded private class from 7th grade to 9th grade, when compared to those attending a strictly public class. Additionally, the results suggest that attending a publicly funded private class also increases national exam scores by 1 point in Portuguese subject and 3 points in Mathematics, when compared to strictly public class (0-100 scale). With regard to private classes, in both models, the results move in the same direction as publicly funded private classes, although with higher magnitudes, when compared to public classes.
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Santos, Maria Teresa Negrão Ogando dos. "Essência ou marginalidade da carta na narrativa fílmica de Manoel de Oliveira." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/7526.
Full textAbstract:
O presente projeto pretende evidenciar a importância que a carta tem na obra
cinematográfica do realizador Manoel de Oliveira (1908- 2015), a partir do estudo
de um corpus de cinco dos seus filmes mais marcantes sob o ponto de vista
epistolográfico. Vamos comparar os diferentes tipos de cartas que surgem nesses
filmes, e questionar a sua influência no espaço-tempo da narrativa fílmica.
Após convocar as características discursivas do texto epistolar e partindo do
pressuposto de que é um texto que, depois de retirado do envelope fechado,
espera ser desvendado, iremos mostrar como a carta, ao ser lida na narrativa
fílmica, implica a exibição desse sigilo a terceiros.
Adotando uma abordagem comparatista, evidenciamos os processos de
transcodificação da carta na narrativa fílmica, partindo do pressuposto da sua
dimensão relacional. Analisando os temas privilegiados e escamoteados e as
diversas tipologias epistolares presentes, focamo-nos num paradoxo do género
epistolar: por um lado, é um ato privado entre dois pólos, emissor e recetor; por
outro, no contexto da narrativa fílmica, as cartas privadas entram na esfera do
público ao serem, também, reveladas ao espetador.The purpose of this project is to emphasize the importance of the letter in the cinematographic work of director Manoel de Oliveira (1908-2015) by analysing of a corpus of five of his films, particularly significant from the epistolary point of view. We will compare the different types of letters present in those films, and determine the degree of its influence in the space-time of the film narrative. After summoning the discursive characteristics of the epistolary text, and assuming this is a text that, after being withdrawn from its sealed envelope, is expected to be unveiled, we will determine how the letter, when read within the film narrative, implies the disclosure of its secrecy to third parties. Adopting a comparative approach, we will make evident the transcoding processes of the letter into the film narrative, presupposing its relational dimension. Approaching the privileged and concealed themes as well as the several epistolary typologies present, we will focus on a paradox of the epistolary genre: on the one hand, it constitutes a private act between two poles, sender and receiver; on the other hand, in the context of the film narrative, private letters are made public, insofar as they are also revealed to the audience.
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Chiang, Ching-Feng, and 江靜楓. "A Study on the Design of Physician Fee and the Productivity of Public Versus Private Hospital Physicians." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44299736941699643149.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
醫療機構管理研究所
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The purpose of this research is to understand the differences of physician behavior between public and private hospital. The data are from two sources: one is from cross-sectional structural questionnaire survey, the other is the most updated DOH medical services and medical capacity data set. The survey samples include all the medical centers and regional and district teaching hospitals, excluding military hospitals. Surveys were conducted through self-administered questionnaire responded by the president of hospitals or senior managers who are familiar with the physician payment system in the hospital. The total number of questionnaire mailed out was 115. The number of effective response was 49. The overall response rate is 42.6%. Important findings are as the followings： Most public hospitals have implemented the fixed salaried plus proportional physician fee as the physician payment system to replace the traditional sole salary system. Most private hospitals decrease the proportion of sole proportional physician fee system and increase the proportion of fixed salary plus proportional physician fee as the physician payment system. It is shown that there is no major difference of the physician payment system between public and private hospitals. However, the levels of income are very different between public and private hospitals. The source of proportional physician fee depends on the hospital revenue from technical and labor fee, ie, excluding material and drugs. Public hospitals offered lower proportion of proportional physician fee to physicians than private hospitals. The factors effecting physician proportional physician fee are quantity of service, departmental income and work seniority in both public and private hospitals. Most public hospitals set the limit for the maximum of physician proportional physician fee, but not many private hospitals set the limit. Both public and private hospitals focus on the rearranging resource in the design of the physician payment system. In public hospitals, all departments use the same payment system. However, the payment system varies among departments in most private hospitals. Few public hospitals provide guaranty salary for new physicians, but most private hospitals offer the guaranty salary for new physicians. The percentage of proportional physician fee is overall lower than 50% in all public hospitals. The majority of private hospitals offer higher than 50% of proportional physician fee to their physicians. For residents, there are fewer public hospitals offering guaranty salary than private hospitals. Physicians are paid by variable amount every month due to different in on calls or on duties. The standards of paying physician overtime during weekdays are different from during weekends. For private and public hospitals, seniority and working over time are the two most important factors influencing the compensation of physician overtime. After implementing the National Health insurance Program since 1995, the National Insurance Bureau changes the payment scheme for paying hospitals. Therefore, hospitals have modified the physician payment system. Under the fee-for-service payment system, there are fewer public hospitals that change the physician payment system than private hospitals. Under the regulated payment system of reasonable outpatient service work load, the percentage of hospitals which are modifying the payment system are low both for private and public hospitals. While facing the implementation of global budget payment system in the near future, private hospitals seem more likely to modify the physician payment system than public hospitals. The major research results are as following: 1) Public and private hospitals tend to adapt the similar physician payment system, which is fixed salary plus proportional physician fee. 2) There are different attitudes for changing the payment method to physicians between private and public hospitals while facing changes of NIB payment system. 3) The physician productivity are different between private and public hospitals while controlling for other relevant factors (including payment system). It shows that ownership affects physician behavior controlling for the factor of the payment system. Based on the above results, this study concludes that:1) Under the fee-for-service payment system, there is no strong incentive to influence hospitals for modifying physician payment systems in order to reduce physicians behavior of inducing demands. The policy makers of National Insurance Bureau and Department of Health should change the payment system, such as shifty from fee-for-service payment system to case payment system. 2) Public hospitals have different characteristics than private hospitals. Therefore, the appropriateness of privatization of public hospital deserves further investigation. 3) It is suggested that future study should pay more attention on data of individual physician service amount and the number of inpatient physicians. The actual relationship between physician behavior and inpatient utilization, such as the length of stay per patient-day or length of stay per patient, can be further evaluated. 4) It is recommended to periodically collect data of hospital payment system and physician service amount to solve the problem of matching different data sources.
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Dengate, Jennifer. "The effects of religious commitment on well-being : exploring the relative importance of public versus private expressions of faith." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21461.
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Brown, Alvin H. "Public management reform in developing countries An empirical investigation of operational and financial efficiency of private versus public airports in Latin America and the Caribbean /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1021.
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Pillay, Pregala. "Information privacy rights of the individual versus the public's right to freedom of information." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5072.
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Peixoto, Armindo Novais. "A importância dos Códigos de ética nas organizações públicas versus privadas." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42754.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosO ser humano é algo muito complexo, sendo o seu desenvolvimento construído ao longo de várias etapas da sua vida, das quais fazem parte a evolução social, comportamental e psicológica. Neste âmbito a ética reveste-se de elevada importância, verificando-se que os aspetos relacionados com a ética, dada a sua relevância, têm sido objeto de estudo ao longo dos anos. Algumas organizações adotaram códigos de ética como forma de criar regras e diretrizes de atuação e comportamentos dos seus colaboradores. Os códigos de ética também são considerados documentos através dos quais as organizações dão a conhecer os seus valores, deveres e obrigações e estabelecem os seus objetivos éticos. Assim, foram várias as organizações, no setor privado e no setor público, que valorizam suficientemente a ética ao ponto de decidirem implementar os seus códigos de ética ou de conduta. Valorização que justifica o presente estudo. Neste contexto o estudo desenvolvido tem por objetivo perceber a importância dos códigos de ética nas organizações públicas e privadas. Para o efeito, o estudo desenvolvido foi suportado por pesquisa exploratória, com a análise documental, procurando aferir que dimensões o conteúdo dos Códigos de ética mais valorizam. Posteriormente foi suportado por numa metodologia de cariz quantitativa, com recurso á elaboração de um questionário, com o objetivo de obter respostas relacionadas com três dimensões distintas do comportamento ético dos colaboradores, tendo por base os Códigos de ética das organizações onde trabalham. A primeira dimensão relacionada com a perceção do comportamento ético no relacionamento entre os colaboradores da organização, a segunda relacionada com a perceção do comportamento ético no relacionamento com os clientes e a terceira relacionada com a perceção do comportamento ético na relação colaboradores e a organização. O presente estudo comprovou que a perceção do comportamento ético nas organizações é diferente em organizações públicas e organizações privadas, sobretudo ao nível da relação entre os colaboradores e a organização, uma vez que é significativamente mais elevada nas organizações privadas do que nas públicas.
The human being is very complex, its development is built along various stages of his life, which are part of the social, behavioral and psychological evolution. In this context ethics is of high importance, verifying that aspects related to ethics, because of its importance, it has been studied over the years. Some organizations have adopted codes of ethics as a way of creating rules and guidelines for action and behavior of their employees. Ethical codes are also considered documents by which organizations make their values, duties and obligations known and they establish their ethical goals. So, several organizations were, in the private sector and in the public sector, which value the ethics enough to the point of deciding to implement their codes of ethics or conduct. The valuation justifies the present study. In this context the study developed aims to show the importance of codes of ethics in public and private organizations. To this end, the study developed was supported by exploratory research, with documental analysis, seeking to ascertain what dimensions the content of ethical codes valued the most. Later it was supported by a quantitativeoriented methodology, using the resource of a questionnaire in order to get answers related to the three different dimensions of ethical behavior of employees, based on the codes of ethics of the organizations where they work. The first dimension relates to the perception of ethical behavior in the relationship between the employees of the organization, the second related to the perception of ethical behavior in the relationship with customers and the third related to the perception of ethical behavior in employees and the organization relationship. This study showed that the perception of ethical behavior in organizations is different in public and private organizations, particularly in terms of the relationship between employees and the organization, since it is significantly higher in private organizations than in public.
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Mancini, Dominic Joseph. "The effectiveness and cost of health delivery systems in Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, and Tanzania private versus public allocation, quality of service provision, and management structure /." 2000. http://books.google.com/books?id=hi_bAAAAMAAJ.
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Holubová, Eliška. "Mediální svoboda projevu versus právo veřejných osob na soukromí." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329111.
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The primary aim of this Master thesis entitled "Freedom of the Media versus Public Figures' Right to Privacy" is to investigate and analyse the conflict between freedom of the media and right to privacy of public persons. The thesis is formally structured into eight thematical chapters and two parts- theoretical and analytical. The theoretical part of the thesis provides legal, philosophical and media background for further analysis in the special part of the thesis. The analytical part deals with selected case studies of media photography conflicting with right to privacy of public figures. First chapter focuses on the freedom of speech and freedom of the media in historical, legal and philosophical perspective, deals also with the problem of censorship and technological challenges in the postmodern electronic age of the internet. Second chapter critically examines the concept of watchdog journalism in democratic system with special interest in the debate on the current affairs of the British media system. Third chapter deals with right to privacy and reflects also on the fluid concept of privacy in the era of social networking. Fourth chapter analyzes so-called public figure doctrine, celebritization and mediatization of politics and also discusses the collision between free speech and privacy....