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Academic literature on the topic 'Publin versus private'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Publin versus private"

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Aussenegg, Wolfgang. "Privatization versus Private Sector Initial Public Offerings in Poland." Multinational Finance Journal 4, no. 1/2 (June 1, 2000): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17578/4-1/2-4.

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Pettet †, Ben. "Private versus Public Regulation." European Business Law Review 11, Issue 5 (September 1, 2000): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/275271.

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Draper, Paul, and Krishna Paudyal. "Acquisitions: Private versus Public." European Financial Management 12, no. 1 (January 2006): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-7798.2006.00310.x.

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Bracey, Gerald W. "Public versus Private … Again." Phi Delta Kappan 89, no. 5 (January 2008): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003172170808900521.

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Stulz, René M. "Public versus private equity." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 36, no. 2 (2020): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa003.

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Abstract The last 20 years or so have seen a sharp decline in public equity. I present a framework that explains the forces that cause the listing propensity of firms to change over time. This framework highlights the benefits and costs of a public listing compared to the benefits and costs of financing with private equity. With this framework, the decline in public equity is explained by the increased supply of funds for private equity and changes in the nature of firms. The increase in the importance of intangible assets makes it costlier for young firms to be public when the alternative is funding through private equity from investors who have specialized knowledge that enables them to better understand the business model of young firms and contribute to the development of that business model in contrast to passive public equity investors.
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Monnet, Cyril. "PRIVATE VERSUS PUBLIC MONEY*." International Economic Review 47, no. 3 (August 2006): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2006.00401.x.

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Held, Gilbert. "Public versus private WiFi." International Journal of Network Management 15, no. 5 (2005): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nem.560.

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Celeste, Edoardo, Sorcha Montgomery, and Arthit Suriyawongkul. "Digital technology and privacy attitudes in times of COVID-19: formal legality versus legal reality in Ireland." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 73, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 283–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v73i2.959.

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The adoption of digital technologies to counteract the spread of COVID-19 has resulted in a major exposure of our rights to privacy and data protection. An empirical study conducted in Ireland by the Science Foundation Ireland-funded project PRIVATT demonstrates that privacy attitudes have shifted, resulting in a greater willingness to share personal data in order to combat the pandemic, while, at the same time, upholding a persistent mistrust in the public and private institutions overseeing this global health crisis. This article interprets these findings from a socio-legal perspective, arguing that people tend to overlook the inalienable nature of the essence of their rights to privacy and data protection, the compression of which is not admissible under EU law. Moreover, the widespread mistrust of public and private actors evidences a divergence between the formal legality of the technological solutions adopted and the legal reality that brings about the Irish public’s perception of government measures as potentially infringing their fundamental rights. These considerations will prompt recommendations in pursuit of enhancing transparency, involvement in decision-making processes and data protection literacy amongst the population.
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Vila, Natalia, and Inés Küster. "Public versus private broadcasters’ management." Management Decision 52, no. 8 (September 9, 2014): 1368–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2013-0295.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to prove the existence of significant differences between private and public corporate credibility antecedents and effects. Design/methodology/approach – Totally, 816 Spanish viewers’ valuations were obtained (408 for the public television network and 408 for four private first generation broadcasters). Results show that some corporate reputation antecedents (perceived quality) and effects (attitudes) are stronger when private broadcasters are considered. Findings – Result show that proposed credibility reputation antecedents and effects are significant and that some differences between private and public entities really do exist. Research limitations/implications – To enhance a television network's reputation managers can follow two different but related paths: improve the quality and improve the consistency of the network's visual identity. That is, they should act on both content and form. However, public or private commercial broadcasters should emphasize different ways. Practical implications – The general impressions subsumed under the concept of corporate credibility are used to easily and automatically evaluate particular offers. Originality/value – Show, in the broadcasting industry, that new challenges and responsibilities for public broadcasting services in this new digital era of liberalization do really exist compared to private companies.
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Eskildsen, Jacob K., Kai Kristensen, and Hans Jørn Juhl. "Private versus public sector excellence." TQM Magazine 16, no. 1 (February 2004): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09544780410511489.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Publin versus private"

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Lebel, Udi. "Private versus public heroes : politics of commemoration." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/private-versus-public-heroes--politics-of-commemoration(4fcdfc90-0e70-4f93-bb59-71a14b199137).html.

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Usman, Muhammad. "The Effect of Ownership on Organizational Performance : A Case Study of Banking Sector in Pakistan." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1153.

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Aims: The main aims of this research are to provide more empirical evidences for theory of property rights and public choice theory and to test these theories in a new environment i.e. banking sector of Pakistan. This research compares performance of public and private banks in Pakistan on the basis of four performance measures, profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. It also studies the effect of politics on public banks. Method: Mainly quantitative approach is utilized in this thesis to compare performance of public and private banks in Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. Ratio analysis is used for this purpose. Qualitative analysis is based on qualitative study of empirical findings of quantitative analysis with respect to elections and observing lending behavior of public and private banks along with study of net interest margin during election years. Major Findings: The theory of property rights and public choice literature support private ownership for superior performance as compared to public ownership. From empirical findings, very weak support is found for both theories. Out of twelve ratios used in ratio analysis, ten ratios support public ownership for superior performance as compared to private ownership and only two ratios quote that private ownership is superior in performance than public ownership. From empirical findings it can be concluded that performance of public banks is superior to private banks in Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. Similarly, out of twelve ratios, only six ratios provided evidence of effect of elections on performance of public ownership which is a weak support for public choice theory. Moreover, lending behavior of public and private banks along with study of net interest margin has totally ruled out the presence of political influence on public banks. It can be concluded from these empirical findings that either political influence on public banks is minimized or political influence is affecting both sectors of banks in Pakistan. As banking sector in Pakistan is highly competitive now due to introduction of financial reforms in Pakistan, it can be concluded that theory of property rights and public choice theory do not work well in competitive markets especially Pakistan. It can also be concluded from empirical findings that privatization is not the only solution to poor performance of public ownership. The introduction of competition can substantially improve performance of public ownership.
mobile: +92-333-8102302
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Luscinskas, Belinda Louie. "Development of resource recovery facilities, private versus public ownership." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68233.

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Yang, Jingwen. "Earnings management in European private firms versus public firms." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/earnings-management-in-european-private-firms-versus-public-firms(d6ea5125-6e4d-48c6-a806-f0baf7777a7e).html.

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This thesis presents three papers which empirically investigate earnings management (EM) in European private and public firms. Highlighting the importance of private firms, according to the Federation of European Accountants (2016), there are 99% of firms which are registered as private firms, and are considered as the backbone of the European economy. Similarly, there are around 29 million private firms in the U.S., which account for 86% of U.S. firms and generate almost one-half of the nation’s GDP. To date there is limited evidence about private firms’ EM activities. The thesis attempts to fill this gap by not only analysing EM in private firms, but also by comparing the EM of private firms with that of public firms, and in so doing, assesses whether determinants of EM are similar for both types of firms. The sample used in this study comprises both private and public firms domiciled in 11 European countries for which consolidated financial statements are available for the period from 2001 to 2013. These countries are Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the U.K. In developing the testable hypotheses, the study employs several theoretical frameworks related to EM including the ‘opportunistic behaviour’ and ‘demand’ theories. The main aim of the first paper is to assess the extent of EM for private and public firms domiciled in Europe. In particular, this paper examines the degree of EM for both private and public firms by considering, in part, the influence of country-level factors including legal enforcement, investor protection and tax systems, as well as the adoption of IFRS. The empirical results show that private firms are more likely to engage in EM than public firms, and the effects of IFRS in lowering EM is more pronounced for public firms than for private firms. Furthermore, country-level factors including legal enforcement, investor protection rules and tax rates are important determinants of EM. Given that enhancing country-level legal enforcement systems and investor protection may reduce the use of EM further in both private and public firms, the current study suggests that standard-setters should consider some of the country-level variables to better guarantee the quality of accounting information across countries. The second paper examines the accrual based EM of private and public firms domiciled in Europe, and questions whether IFRS adoption has improved EM. The paper further examines whether EM between private and public firms differs in the following three scenarios (i) due to the need to meet earnings benchmarks, (ii) when obtaining external financing and (iii) when VI the firm employs a Big4 auditor. The results suggest public firms, in general, have lower EM and report more conservatively than private firms. This result is consistent with the argument that on average public firms need to provide higher quality financial information to investors and other stakeholders relative to private firms. However, the finding suggest public firms’ lower EM is mitigated or decreased in the three settings mentioned above. Finally, this paper observes that the EM of public firms has decreased post-IFRS adoption, supporting the view that IFRS has improved the financial reporting quality of public firms. The third paper assesses the degree of real earnings management (REM) for private and public firms domiciled in Europe. This paper further examines some settings that present clear incentives to manage earnings such as (i) to meet earnings benchmarks, (ii) when obtaining external financing, (iii) when leverage is high, and (iv) when losses are large. The empirical results show that public firms engage in more earnings management through real operating activities, and that REM in public firms increased following IFRS adoption, relative to private firms. Furthermore, this study finds that public firms, overall, face stronger incentives to manage earnings than do private firms’ managers in the four settings mentioned above. The study contributes not only to the EM literature on non-accrual earnings management, but also the current debate on IFRS adoptions.
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Lewis, Kristin Elizabeth. "Public versus Private enforcement of South African competition law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65672.

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This dissertation will discuss the current process and procedure of enforcement of competition law in South Africa. A distinction will be drawn between public enforcement and private enforcement. This distinction will show which is the more predominant enforcement method. For this purpose, a detailed discussion of the provisions in the Competition Act 89 of 1998 will follow. The focus of the dissertation will thereafter shift to whether private enforcement is reasonably possible and pursuable by members of the public in terms of South African legislation. The rational for focusing on private enforcement will become clear through a discussion of Nationwide Airlines (Pty) Ltd (in liquidation) v South African Airways (Pty) Ltd 2016 (6) SA 19 (GJ). By 2016, this case was only the second claim of its kind and the first time a claim for damages based on a finding by the Tribunal had been litigated. The discussion will articulate the process of how the matter reached the High Court and the difficulties encountered in claiming damages. Thereafter, a brief discussion on comparative law will be included. The chosen foreign law is that of the European Union (“EU”). EU law was chosen as its competition law is well established and has been in practice for longer than the South African equivalent. Emphasis will be placed on the EU’s use of private enforcement and any lessons to be learnt in relation thereto. Finally, a conclusion will be reached on whether private enforcement is reasonably possible and pursuable by a member of the public and whether there are any recommendations on how private enforcement could be strengthened in South African law.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Mercantile Law
LLM
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Lewis, Kristin Elizabeth. "Public versus private enforcement of South African competition law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67765.

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This dissertation will discuss the current process and procedure of enforcement of competition law in South Africa. A distinction will be drawn between public enforcement and private enforcement. This distinction will show which is the more predominant enforcement method. For this purpose, a detailed discussion of the provisions in the Competition Act 89 of 1998 will follow. The focus of the dissertation will thereafter shift to whether private enforcement is reasonably possible and pursuable by members of the public in terms of South African legislation. The rational for focusing on private enforcement will become clear through a discussion of Nationwide Airlines (Pty) Ltd (in liquidation) v South African Airways (Pty) Ltd 2016 (6) SA 19 (GJ). By 2016, this case was only the second claim of its kind and the first time a claim for damages based on a finding by the Tribunal had been litigated. The discussion will articulate the process of how the matter reached the High Court and the difficulties encountered in claiming damages. Thereafter, a brief discussion on comparative law will be included. The chosen foreign law is that of the European Union (“EU”). EU law was chosen as its competition law is well established and has been in practice for longer than the South African equivalent. Emphasis will be placed on the EU’s use of private enforcement and any lessons to be learnt in relation thereto. Finally, a conclusion will be reached on whether private enforcement is reasonably possible and pursuable by a member of the public and whether there are any recommendations on how private enforcement could be strengthened in South African law.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Mercantile Law
LLM
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Laohasiriwong, Wongsa, and n/a. "Public versus private heath care provision in the northeast of Thailand." University of Canberra. Management, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.100911.

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This thesis is a comparative study of public and private health care provision in Northeast Thailand. It main objective is to explore the question of whether private health providers are more efficient and effective than their public health counterparts The thesis also examines equity concerns raised by the growth of private sector medical institutions The study commences by describing the changes in health problems, health policies and health care delivery in developing countries and Thailand that have led to the development and growth of private health care. This is followed by detailed consideration of the Northeast of Thailand including the socioeconomic context, health indicators and health delivery systems development paying particular attention to private sector growth. The remainder of the thesis is comprised of an empirical study of selected public and private sector hospitals in Northeast Thailand and an analysis of the results Much of the data was collected from questionnaires delivered to patients and staff in the study hospitals. The major findings include roughly similar levels of patient satisfaction between public and private hospitals; patients utilizing public hospitals often had no choice of which institutions to use, and the average incomes of patients attending private hospitals were above those of public hospital patients. There was undoubted inequity of access to private sector facilities. Data gathered from hospital staff showed greater levels of satisfaction with staffing levels and quality in private hospitals than in public ones. Salaries were more compressed in public hospitals due to central government rules than in private hospitals whose management was based on market considerations. However, higher salaries were paid to skilled professionals in the private sector. Public sector hospital management was typically bureaucratic with central government guidelines and decisions determining many aspects of hospital organization. It was found that comparison between public and private hospitals was complicated by the different missions and activities of institutions in the two sectors. The thesis concludes by arguing that the mixture of public and private health care providers has contributed to a more competitive atmosphere which has encouraged greater concern with quality and efficiency in the delivery of health services in Thailand.
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Kleitz, Christiana Camille. "The economics of landslide mitigation strategies: public versus private decisions." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53173.

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The economic rationale for public intervention in decisions regarding landslide hazard mitigation was examined through a cost-benefit analysis. A study area in Cincinnati, Ohio was used to test whether a public agency decision rule is suboptimal to a private decision rule in maximizing net benefits from landslide mitigation. A 1985 U.S. Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) report on landslide mitigation in Cincinnati, Ohio formed the basis for the cost-benefit analysis. Expected gross benefits from mitigation were determined by multiplying the probability of a landslide by an estimate of the property damages. A landslide probability model developed by the U.S.G.S. was tested against data for a study area in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A Spearman rank correlation test, comparing actual and predicted landslide occurrence, indicated that the model is a good predictor and could be used to predict landslides in other areas of similar geology. Due to the poor quality of data on actual landslide damages, a regression equation was estimated to predict the actual damages resulting from a landslide in the Cincinnati study area. A cost-benefit analysis was performed for the Cincinnati study area using three different approaches to measuring property damages. The results of the analysis support the hypothesis. In the most extreme case, annualized net benefits from mitigation are equal to $2.1 million under the private decision rule compared with only $1.6 million under the public agency decision rule.
Master of Arts
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Ingle, M. "Public policy and Batho Pele in South Africa : time to turn over a new leaf." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 9, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/579.

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Published Article
This paper is concerned to show that seminal public policy principles have sometimes failed to translate into improved customer service in South Africa and to discover why this should be so. After discussing various dimensions of public policy formulation and implementation, the article cites instances whereby service levels are seen to be compromised by poor execution of policy. It is submitted that inappropriate criteria for the recruitment of office bearers, and a worrying tendency to fail to distinguish adequately between public and private goods, have contributed to degraded levels of customer service which violate the spirit of Batho Pele. It is concluded that government needs to 'walk the talk' with respect to Batho Pele by ridding its administration of officials who have shown themselves to be either incompetent or corrupt.
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Irick, Ronald P. "An analysis of public versus private competition in the naval aviation depots." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA276252.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1993.
Thesis advisor(s): Jeffery A. Warmington ; Nancy C. Roberts. "December 1993." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Books on the topic "Publin versus private"

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Krueger, Dirk. Public versus private risk sharing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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Mansoorian, Arman. Private sector versus public sector externalities. North York, Ont: Dept. of Economics, York University, 1995.

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Mansoorian, Arman. Private sector versus public sector externalities. Toronto: York University, Dept. of Economics, 1995.

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Bebchuk, Lucian A. Corporate ownership structures: Private versus social optimality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Berlin, Mitchell. Public versus private debt: Confidentiality, control, and product markets. Philadelphia: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Economic Research Division, 1996.

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Drug Policy Research Center (U.S.), ed. Private versus public sector insurance coverage for drug abuse. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1993.

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Panagiotopoulou, M. A. Implementation of light rail transit infrastructure projects: Public versus private. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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Shirley, Mary M. Public versus private ownership: The current state of the debate. Washington, DC: World Bank, Development Research Group, Regulation and Competition Policy, 2000.

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Hindriks, Jean. Public versus private insurance with non-expected utility: A political economy argument. London: Queen Mary University of London Department of Economics, 2001.

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Private versus public enterprise: In search of the economic rationale for privatisation. London: Janus, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Publin versus private"

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Srivastava, Anurag Kumar. "Public Versus Private Sector." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 5283–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_1214.

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Srivastava, Anurag Kumar. "Public Versus Private Sector." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_1214-1.

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Wigger, Berthold U. "Public versus Private Intergenerational Transfers." In Public Pensions and Economic Growth, 71–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24801-9_4.

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Meerts, Clarissa. "Police: Public Versus Private Policing." In Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69891-5_86-1.

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Moustaira, Elina. "Private Collections “Versus” Public Collections." In SpringerBriefs in Law, 47–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15802-0_5.

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Meerts, Clarissa. "Police: Public Versus Private Policing." In Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management, 775–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70488-3_86.

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Holmans, A. E. "Public Versus Private Protection Against Insecurity." In Fringe Benefits, Labour Costs and Social Security, 145–68. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003184706-6.

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Tatahi, Motasam. "Public versus Private Ownership: Theory and Performance." In Privatisation Performance in Major European Countries Since 1980, 10–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230624955_2.

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Garfinkle, Steven J. "Public Versus Private in the Ancient Near East." In A Companion to the Ancient Near East, 384–96. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470997086.ch28.

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Lüth, Erik. "Private versus Public Transfers During a Demographic Transition." In Contributions to Economics, 59–97. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57588-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Publin versus private"

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Fayas, A. M., M. T. O. V. Peiris, and K. G. P. Kalugalla. "PUBLIC VS PRIVATE SECTOR OWNED URBAN PUBLIC SPACE PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF USER PERCEPTION IN CITY OF COLOMBO." In Beyond sustainability reflections across spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2021.5.

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Public spaces are considered one of the fundamental elements in the urban context to promote leisure and recreation for urban dwellers. Public spaces contain variations within each other from the physical appearance, activities, and to usage factors. Private sector involvement for public space provision was increased in the recent past where public space ownership and access controls were shifted from solely public to private. This was criticized as privatization of public space and lead to debates on the decline of publicness and privacy of space. In this context, this research studied the public space from the user perception by considering publicly owned and operated versus privately owned and operated public spaces within Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is also explored the balance between ownership and access controls to determine the user preference in terms of the publicness features. User defined public space features were identified using 35 semi-structured interviews and 119 online questionnaire surveys. Qualitative analytic tools were used to evaluate the results including Content analysis and Space-shaper models with the support of NVivo software. The results revealed that publicly owned spaces were preferred by the users due to easy access and freedom for activities while privately owned spaces were preferred due to better infrastructure, safety, and security within. Also, it is identified that urban public space offered users the freedom to experience based on the levels of ownership and access controls. Finally, people preferred ownership by public over private sector as anecdotal evidence and values dominated in the public space attributes. This study provides key insights for planners to consider in the public space planning and the importance of private sector involvement and balance in the provision of optimal urban spaces in cities.
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Caverlee, James, Zhiyuan Cheng, Wai Gen Yee, Roger Liew, and Yuan Liang. "Public checkins versus private queries." In the 5th International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2442796.2442806.

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Valuev, Dmitry. "Manifesto & Public Sphere: Action versus Communication." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-16.

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The article covers the issue of consistency of manifesto texts with a political system underpinned by publicness principles. The ever-increasing production of manifestos witnesses a crisis in the political system which necessitates the investigation of how such texts influence both their readers and public sphere as a whole. The public sphere concept by J. Habermas, perception of policies by J. Ranciere, and dialogue-based approaches of M. Buber and A. Pyatigorsky constitute the basis for analysing structural elements of a manifesto text, and highlighting their core traits shedding light on the relationship between a manifesto text and the public sphere. Through highlighting the three main elements of a manifesto text, i.e. ‘speaking I’, ‘Object’, and ‘Other’, and by clarifying the configuration of interrelations between the elements, the militant message of a manifesto is asserted as the opposite to the dialogue-based foundation of the public sphere. Such texts postulate the necessity both to eliminate the ‘Other’ and to immediately achieve a set objective by way of taking on an active participative position. The latter to be implemented via the ‘speaking I’ replication mechanism, which is expressed through a call for readers to take on the image of the person speaking through the manifesto. Thus, the manifesto becomes both a tool for getting rid of an existing system incapable of satisfying the needs of an actor, and a tool for leveling political space. Manifesto texts demonstrate the monological basis expressed in the postulation of the necessity for action to uncompromisingly transform the world.
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Goldwasser, S., and M. Sipser. "Private coins versus public coins in interactive proof systems." In the eighteenth annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/12130.12137.

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"Obstetric Violence among pregnant Jordanian women." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/rbnq7426.

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Objectives: The study aimed to assess for OV existence among sample of pregnant Jordanian women and for OV domains risk factors. Methodology: A case control study was conducted in public and private settings, 259 recently delivered mothers were the participants. A designated questionnaire including the demographic variables and OV domains. The responses to the questionnaire’s questions were analyzed statistically. Results: Settings were significantly associated with the educational status. OV domains including delivery supervision, overall satisfaction, occupation and the family monthly income were significantly associated in the private settings, in the private settings, respect feeling, discrimination feeling, the delivery provision update and performing episiotomy consent were higher versus the public ones, while, it was lesser for physical abuse. There was a significant association between delivery in a private room and the lack of physical abuse. In the public settings, medications information was lesser compared to the private ones, additionally, there is significant association between performing episiotomy, physical abuse by staff and the delivery in shared rooms in the private settings. Conclusion: This study clarified obstetric violence prevalence during childbirth in public and private setting. in Jordan with less susceptibility in the private settings. The educational status, low monthly family income, occupation are risk factors for OV, also, the participants were subjected to some features of disrespect and abuse like obtaining consent for episiotomy performance, delivery provision updates, care perception based on payment ability and medication information. Keywords: obstetric violence, maternal care, violation, disrespect and abuse, childbirth
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Casanoves-Boix, Javier, Inés Küster-Boluda, and Natalia Vila-Lopez. "BRAND CAPITAL IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE EXTERNAL CUSTOMER, PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2016.0333.

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Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Bruno Carvalho Brandão, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Jhoney Francieis Feitosa, and Paula Pitta de Resende Côrtes. "Surgical procedures for the treatment of extradural hematoma in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: an analysis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.162.

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Background: extradural hematoma (EDM) is one the most lethal traumatic brain injury, being due to the rupture of middle meningeal artery and resulting in intracranial hypertension and brain damage. Objectives: to describe the overview of surgical procedures for the treatment of EDM in the state of São Paulo, correlating it with current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive, and transversal data collect on surgical procedures for the treatment of EDM, available on DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020, taking in account: number of hospitalizations, public health expenditures, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, hospital stay, and service character. Results: there were 10,210 hospitalizations for such procedures in this period, accounting for R$39,342,868.41, with 2010 the year with the greatest number of hospitalizations (1,074) and 2011 with the greatest expenditure (R$3,772,361.55). 849 of them were elective, while 7,279 were urgent. 4,459 were carried out in public care and 2,671 in private one. All of them were considered medium complexity. Mortality rate was 11.29%, corresponding to 1,153 deaths, with 2015 the year with the greatest mortality (14.20%) and 2020 the lowest (9.93%). Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (10.60 versus 11.46 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (10.88 versus 11.49 in private care). Average stay was 10.9 days and average cost per hospital stay was R$3,853.37. Conclusion: surgical procedures for the treatment of EDM are considered medium complexity, most of which being carried out in public care. Higher mortality rate was observed in urgent cases and private care.
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Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Bruno Carvalho Brandão, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Jhoney Francieis Feitosa, and Paula Pitta de Resende Côrtes. "Treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: an overview." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.119.

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Background: epileptic seizures are treated with antiepileptics; nevertheless, about 30% of these patients do not present complete control with only drug therapy. Objectives: to describe the overview of treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures in the state of São Paulo, correlating it with current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive, and transversal data collect on treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures, available on DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020, taking in account: number of hospitalizations, public health expenditures, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, hospital stay, and service character. Results: there were 131,397 hospitalizations for treatment procedures in this period, accounting for R$97,412,992.73, with 2008 the year with the greatest number of hospitalizations (12,041) and 2020 with the greatest expenditure (R$10,065,826.67). 7,091 of them were elective, while 124,290 were urgent. 45,307 were carried out in public care and 38,154 in private one. All of them were considered medium complexity. Mortality rate was 2.76%, corresponding to 3,621 deaths, with 2020 the year with the greatest mortality (3.67%) and 2008 with the lowest (2.21%). Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (0.83 versus 2.87 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (2.40 versus 2.55 in private care). Average stay was 5.4 days and average cost per hospital stay was R$741.36. Conclusion: treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures are classified as medium complexity, most of which being urgent. Higher mortality rate was observed in urgent cases and private health care.
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Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Pedro Miguel Calife da Luz, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "Conservative treatment of cerebral hemorrhage: an analysis of the State of São Paulo." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.172.

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Background: Cerebral hemorrhage represents 10% to 15% of all strokes, with the worst prognosis and the highest rate of morbimortality. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of conservative treatment procedures for cerebral hemorrhage in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of conservative treatment data for cerebral hemorrhage, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 15,327 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 30,258,539.39. 2008 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (1,373), and 2020 was the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 3,008,526.38). 552 of the were elective and 14,606 were urgent, with 4,102 occurring in the public sector and 4,510 in private one. All 15,327 considered to be of medium complexity. The mortality rate was 29.68, corresponding to 4,549 deaths, 2009 was the year with the highest mortality, 33.33 and 2008 the lowest, 24.33. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (15.40 versus 30.48 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (27.16 versus 30.07 in private care). The hospital stay was 11.0 days, with a cost of R$ 1,974.20. Conclusion: The conservative treatment of cerebral hemorrhage represents a procedure of medium complexity with a long period of hospital stay. Higher mortality was observed in emergency care and the private sector.
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Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Pedro Miguel Calife da Luz, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "National scenario of procedures for intracranial tumor exerisis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.170.

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Background: Intracranial tumors have an incidence that varies between 10 to 17 cases per 100 thousand people. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of craniotomy treatment procedures for removal of intracranial tumors in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of craniotomy treatment for removal of intracranial tumors, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 9,569 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 39,104,400.74. 2013 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (880), it was also the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 3,729,954.75). 3,204 of them were elective and 6,365 were urgent, with 4,550 occurring in the public sector and 1,519 in private one. All 9,569 considered to be of high complexity. The mortality rate was 9.31, corresponding to 891 deaths, 2008 was the year with the highest mortality, 11.64 and 2018 the lowest, 6.29. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (6.27 versus 10.84 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (9.27 versus 9.61 in private care). The hospital stay was 17.0 days, with a cost of R$ 4,086.57. Conclusion: The excision of intracranial tumors represents a procedure of high complexity with a long period of hospital stay. Higher mortality was observed in emergency care and the private sector.
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Reports on the topic "Publin versus private"

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Krueger, Dirk, and Fabrizio Perri. Public versus Private Risk Sharing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15582.

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Baron, David, Renee Bowen, and Salvatore Nunnari. Durable Coalitions and Communication: Public versus Private Negotiations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22821.

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Acharya, Viral, and Zhaoxia Xu. Financial Dependence and Innovation: The Case of Public versus Private Firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19708.

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Kim, Yun Jung, and Jing Zhang. International Capital Flows: Private Versus Public Flows in Developing and Developed Countries. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21033/wp-2020-27.

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Guarín, Arlen, Sebastián Londoño, Carlos Alberto Medina-Durango, Julieth Parra, Christian Manuel Posso-Suárez, and Carlos Eduardo Vélez. Estimating the effect of attending a public versus a private university in Colombia on academic achievement. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.968.

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Bianco, Martha. Private Profit Versus Public Service: Competing Demands in Urban Transportation History and Policy, Portland, Oregon, 1872-1970. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6636.

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Perl-Treves, Rafael, Rebecca Grumet, Nurit Katzir, and Jack E. Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Sex Expression in Cucumis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586536.bard.

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Monoecious species such as melon and cucumber develop separate male and female (or bisexual) flowers on the same plant individual. They display complex genetic and hormonal regulation of sex patterns along the plant. Ethylene is known to play an important role in promoting femaleness and inhibiting male development, but many questions regarding critical sites of ethylene production versus perception, the relationship between ethylene and the sex determining loci, and the possible differences between melon and cucumber in this respect are still open. The general goal of the project was to elucidate the role of ethylene in determining flower sex in Cucumis species, melon and cucumber. The specific Objectives were: 1. Clone and characterize expression patterns of cucumber genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. 2. Genetic mapping of cloned genes and markers with respect to sex loci in melon and cucumber. 3. Produce and analyze transgenic melons altered in ethylene production or perception. In the course of the project, some modifications/adjustments were made: under Objective 2 (genetic mapping) a set of new mapping populations had to be developed, to allow better detection of polymorphism. Under Objective 3, cucumber transformation systems became available to us and we included this second model species in our plan. The main findings of our study support the pivotal role of ethylene in cucumber and melon sex determination and later stages of reproductive development. Modifying ethylene production resulted in profound alteration of sex patterns in melon: femaleness increased, and also flower maturation and fruit set were enhanced, resulting in earlier, more concentrated fruit yield in the field. Such effect was previously unknown and could have agronomic value. Our results also demonstrate the great importance of ethylene sensitivity in sex expression. Ethylene perception genes are expressed in sex-related patterns, e.g., gynoecious lines express higher levels of receptor-transcripts, and copper treatments that activate the receptor can increase femaleness. Transgenic cucumbers with increased expression of an ethylene receptor showed enhanced femaleness. Melons that expressed a defective receptor produced fewer hermaphrodite flowers and were insensitive to exogenous ethylene. When the expression of defective receptor was restricted to specific floral whorls, we saw that pistils were not inhibited by the blocked perception at the fourth whorl. Such unexpected findings suggest an indirect effect of ethylene on the affected whorl; it also points at interesting differences between melon and cucumber regarding the mode of action of ethylene. Such effects will require further study. Finally, our project also generated and tested a set of novel genetic tools for finer identification of sex determining genes in the two species and for efficient breeding for these characters. Populations that will allow easier linkage analysis of candidate genes with each sex locus were developed. Moreover, effects of modifier genes on the major femaleness trait were resolved. QTL analysis of femaleness and related developmental traits was conducted, and a comprehensive set of Near Isogenic Lines that differ in specific QTLs were prepared and made available for the private and public research. Marker assisted selection (MAS) of femaleness and fruit yield components was directly compared with phenotypic selection in field trials, and the relative efficiency of MAS was demonstrated. Such level of genetic resolution and such advanced tools were not used before to study these traits, that act as primary yield components to determine economic yields of cucurbits. In addition, this project resulted in the establishment of workable transformation procedures in our laboratories and these can be further utilized to study the function of sex-related genes in detail.
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.

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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor
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