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Journal articles on the topic 'Public welfare Victoria Finance'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Grossman, Herschel I., and Suk Jae Noh. "Proprietary public finance and economic welfare." Journal of Public Economics 53, no. 2 (February 1994): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)90020-5.

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2

GILENS, MARTIN, SHAWN PATTERSON, and PAVIELLE HAINES. "Campaign Finance Regulations and Public Policy." American Political Science Review 115, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 1074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055421000149.

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AbstractDespite a century of efforts to constrain money in American elections, there is little consensus on whether campaign finance regulations make any appreciable difference. Here we take advantage of a change in the campaign finance regulations of half of the U.S. states mandated by the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision. This exogenously imposed change in the regulation of independent expenditures provides an advance over the identification strategies used in most previous studies. Using a generalized synthetic control method, we find that after Citizens United, states that had previously banned independent corporate expenditures (and thus were “treated” by the decision) adopted more “corporate-friendly” policies on issues with broad effects on corporations’ welfare; we find no evidence of shifts on policies with little or no effect on corporate welfare. We conclude that even relatively narrow changes in campaign finance regulations can have a substantively meaningful influence on government policy making.

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3

Williams, David J., and Jennifer R. Warfe. "THE CHARITIES SECTOR IN VICTORIA -CHARACTERISTICS AND PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY*." Accounting & Finance 22, no. 1 (February 25, 2009): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629x.1982.tb00130.x.

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4

AL-SAATI, ABDELRAHIM. "Public Debt and Public Qirad: Their Impacts on Welfare." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Islamic Economics 8, no. 1 (1996): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/islec.8-1.6.

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5

Bloise, Gaetano, Sergio Currarini, and Nicholas Kikidis. "Inflation, Welfare, and Public Goods." Journal of Public Economic Theory 4, no. 3 (July 2002): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9779.00103.

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6

Femminis, Gianluca, and Giulio Piccirilli. "Public information, education and welfare." Economia Politica 37, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40888-019-00164-6.

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7

Ganelli, Giovanni, and Juha Tervala. "Welfare Multiplier of Public Investment." IMF Economic Review 68, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 390–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41308-020-00111-7.

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8

Epstein, Gil S., and Shmuel Nitzan. "Endogenous Public Policy, Politicization and Welfare." Journal of Public Economic Theory 4, no. 4 (October 2002): 661–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1097-3923.00114.

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9

CREEDY, JOHN. "Financing Higher Education: Public Choice and Social Welfare." Fiscal Studies 15, no. 3 (August 1994): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1994.tb00205.x.

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10

Cabral, Marika, and Mark R. Cullen. "Estimating the Value of Public Insurance Using Complementary Private Insurance." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 11, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 88–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170118.

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The welfare associated with public insurance is often difficult to quantify because the demand for coverage is unobserved and thus cannot be used to analyze welfare. However, in many settings, individuals can purchase private insurance to supplement public coverage. This paper outlines an approach to use data and variation from private complementary insurance to quantify welfare associated with counterfactuals related to compulsory public insurance. We then apply this approach using administrative data on disability insurance. Our findings suggests that public disability insurance generates substantial surplus for the sample population, and there may be gains to increasing the generosity of coverage. (JEL G22, H55, I13, I38, J32)

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11

Finkelstein, Amy, and Nathaniel Hendren. "Welfare Analysis Meets Causal Inference." Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 146–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.4.146.

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We describe a frame work for empirical welfare analysis that uses the causal estimates of a policy’s impact on net government spending. This framework provides guidance for which causal effects are (and are not) needed for empirical welfare analysis of public policies. The key ingredient is the construction of each policy’s marginal value of public funds (MVPF). The MVPF is the ratio of beneficiaries’ willingness to pay for the policy to the net cost to the government. We discuss how the MVPF relates to “traditional” welfare analysis tools such as the marginal excess burden and marginal cost of public funds. We show how the MVPF can be used in practice by applying it to several canonical empirical applications from public finance, labor, development, trade, and industrial organization.

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12

ASHWORTH, SCOTT. "Campaign Finance and Voter Welfare with Entrenched Incumbents." American Political Science Review 100, no. 1 (February 2006): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055406062009.

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Two candidates compete for elective office. Each candidate has information she would like to reveal to the voters, but this requires costly advertising. The candidates can solicit contributions from interest groups to finance such advertising. These contributions are secured by promises to perform favors for the contributors, should the candidate win the election. Voters understand this and elect the candidate they like best, taking into account their expectations about promises to special interests. There is an incumbency advantage in fundraising, which is sometimes so great that the incumbent faces no serious opposition at all. Introducing partial public financing through matching funds improves voter welfare in districts that have advertising under the decentralized system, while it can reduce welfare in other districts. The optimal policy must strike a balance between these two effects.

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13

Agliardi, Elettra, and Luigi Sereno. "Environmental protection, public finance requirements and the timing of emission reductions." Environment and Development Economics 17, no. 6 (September 19, 2012): 715–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x12000344.

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AbstractThe effects of four environmental policy options for the reduction of pollution emissions, i.e. taxes, emission standards, auctioned permits and freely allocated permits, are analyzed. The setup is a real option model where the amount of emissions is determined by solving the firm's profit maximization problem under each policy instrument. The regulator solves an optimal stopping problem in order to find the critical threshold for policy adoptions taking into account revenues from taxes and auctioned permits and government spending. In this framework we find the ranking of the alternative policy options in terms of their adoption lag and social welfare. We show that when the output demand is elastic, emission standards are preferred to freely allocated permits. Taxes and auctioned permits are always equivalent in terms of their adoption lag and social welfare, and also equivalent to emission standards when the regulator redistributes revenues.

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14

Hayashi, Masayoshi. "Do Central-Government Grants Affect Welfare Caseloads? Evidence from Public Assistance in Japan." FinanzArchiv 75, no. 2 (2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/fa-2019-0001.

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15

MISCH, FLORIAN, NORMAN GEMMELL, and RICHARD KNELLER. "Growth and Welfare Maximization in Models of Public Finance and Endogenous Growth." Journal of Public Economic Theory 15, no. 6 (June 5, 2013): 939–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12038.

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16

Attanasio, Orazio, and José-Vı́ctor Rı́os-Rull. "Consumption smoothing in island economies: Can public insurance reduce welfare?" European Economic Review 44, no. 7 (June 2000): 1225–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(00)00034-9.

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17

Roy, Jaideep, Randy Silvers, and Ching-Jen Sun. "Majoritarian preference, utilitarian welfare and public information in Cournot oligopoly." Games and Economic Behavior 116 (July 2019): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2019.05.005.

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18

Peterman, William B., and Erick Sager. "Optimal Public Debt with Life Cycle Motives." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 404–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20180247.

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This paper determines optimal public debt in a life cycle model with incomplete markets that matches the empirically observed variation in consumption, labor, and savings. We find that public savings—not public debt—equal to 168 percent of output is optimal, primarily due to the influence of the life cycle on household decision-making. By inducing a lower interest rate, public savings slow consumption and leisure growth over an average household’s lifetime, and the resulting flatter allocation of lifetime consumption and leisure improves welfare. These life cycle welfare benefits are large—on net, they outweigh the transitional costs from a tax-financed public debt elimination. (JEL D15, D52, E21, E43, E62, G51, H63)

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19

Kapoor, Sacha, and Arvind Magesan. "Paging Inspector Sands: The Costs of Public Information." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 92–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.6.1.92.

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We exploit the introduction of pedestrian countdown signals—timers that indicate when traffic lights will change—to evaluate a policy that improves the information of all market participants. We find that although countdown signals reduce the number of pedestrians struck by automobiles, they increase the number of collisions between automobiles. They also cause more collisions overall, implying that welfare gains can be attained by hiding the information from drivers. Whereas most empirical studies on the role of information in markets suggest that asymmetric information reduces welfare, we conclude that asymmetric information can, in fact, improve it. (JEL D82, D83, R41)

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20

Roshaiza Taha, Norsiah Ahmad, Wan Anisah Endut, and Saeed Rabea Ali Baatwah. "Tax Reform: Is it Welfare-Enhancing or Welfare-Reducing?" International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 1101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3314.2020.

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The ongoing tax reform in Malaysia has triggered our motivation to understand the effect of such reform on the public since the government has continuously emphasised that the changes would not burden the consumer. Whether this is a myth or reality is deemed interesting to ponder upon. Thus, this study aims to provide evidence concerning Malaysian tax reform on consumer welfare by looking at the price effect, consumer burden, and inflation. Price observations of the pre-, during and post-reformation period were conducted to provide meaningful evidence. Interestingly, the outcome of the observation rules out the public accusation that the tax reform would boost the price of goods and services and further result in a welfarereducing event. Also, a review of the recent statistics on poverty incidence does not show a negative effect of tax policy changes on society’s welfare. It is hoped that the discussion provided in this paper will shed light on the impact of tax reformation in Malaysia, albeit a further thorough examination might be required.

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21

Prabowo, Purwoko Aji, Bambang Supriyono, M. R. Khairul Muluk, and Irwan Noor. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPECIAL AUTONOMY OF PAPUA PROVINCE FROM THE ASPECT OF IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICES." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i1.591.

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<p>This research is motivated by the implementation of special autonomy in Papua Province to overcome the unequal welfare problems compared to other provinces in Indonesia. The welfare issues raised in this study cover the fields of education, health, finance, and infrastructure. This research views the special autonomy policy of Papua Province as the formation of institutions, the transfer of authority, and financial management to improve the welfare of the community. Therefore, this study aims to explain the facts related to institutions, authority, and financial management in Special Autonomy in Papua Province to improve the welfare of the community. This research was conducted an assessment program activities approach and data collection through in-depth interviews and documents. Institutions and powers to make welfare include institutions and authorities in terms of education, health, finance, and infrastructure, each of which is carried out by the education office, health office, special autonomy bureau of the regional secretariat and regional financial and asset management agencies, and public works services. Meanwhile, financial arrangements in terms of education are carried out with formal and non-formal PAUD financial allocations (5%), 6-year compulsory basic education in elementary school (35%), 3 years of junior high school (25%), high school (10%), Vocational High Schools (5%), Non-formal and Informal Education (10%), other relevant Higher Education and Education (10%), health is carried out with a 15% fund allocation, the finance is carried out with a 25% fund allocation, and infrastructure is allocated funds of 20%.</p>

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22

Kuhlmey, Florian, and Beat Hintermann. "The welfare costs of Tiebout sorting with true public goods." International Tax and Public Finance 26, no. 5 (April 11, 2019): 1166–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-019-09534-z.

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23

Nugraha, Nugraha, and Tia Amelia. "Pengaruh Dana Perimbangan dan Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat pada Kabupaten dan Kota di Jawa Barat Tahun 2011 – 2014." Jurnal Wacana Kinerja: Kajian Praktis-Akademis Kinerja dan Administrasi Pelayanan Publik 20, no. 1 (November 25, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31845/jwk.v20i1.122.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of intergovernmental transfers fund and the region's autonomy in financing public welfare at local government (municipal and districts) in West Java. This research employs survey with verification approach, and documentation as data collection techniques. Financial data is taken from the report of the budget realization published by the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK), the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The the data of public welfare is taken from the report of human development index (HDI) published by the central agency statistics (BPS) in 2011-2014. The results show that increasing the amount of intergovernmental transfers fund and the level of the region's autonomy in finance have impacts in improving the HDI as a measurement of public welfare

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24

Ueshina, Mitsuru. "The effect of public debt on growth and welfare under the golden rule of public finance." Journal of Macroeconomics 55 (March 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2017.08.004.

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25

Page, Robert M. "UNDERSTANDING THE FINANCE OF WELFARE: WHAT WELFARE COSTS AND HOW TO PAY FOR IT - by Howard Glennerster." Public Administration 88, no. 3 (September 2010): 885–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01859_1.x.

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26

Berens, Sarah, and Margarita Gelepithis. "Welfare state structure, inequality, and public attitudes towards progressive taxation." Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 4 (January 17, 2018): 823–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwx063.

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Abstract Recent research indicates that while higher tax levels are politically unpopular, greater tax progressivity is not. However, there remain unanswered questions regarding public support for more progressive taxation. In particular, little is known about how individual attitudes towards tax progressivity are affected by their institutional context. Building on existing theories of redistribution, this article develops the argument that the structure of the welfare state shapes public attitudes towards progressive taxation—support for progressive taxation among both average and high-income households is undermined by ‘pro-poor’ welfare spending. We support our argument with a cross-sectional analysis of rich democracies, interacting household income with country-level indicators of welfare state structure. In doing so, we contribute a micro-level explanation for the paradoxical macro-level phenomenon that larger, more redistributive welfare states tend to be financed by less progressive tax systems.

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27

BOUCHET, MURIEL, LUCA MARCHIORI, and OLIVIER PIERRARD. "Pension reform in a worst case scenario: public finance versus political feasibility." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 16, no. 2 (January 13, 2016): 173–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747215000451.

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AbstractThis paper uses a quantitative overlapping generation model to suggest a pension reform able to sustain a retirement system, in the face of deep demographic changes. We derive the reform design from an optimization program that selects one or more policy instruments – and their values – among a predefined set, to minimize the welfare loss of the median voter while keeping sound public finances, sustaining gross domestic product growth and considering the welfare of the newborn generation. We calibrate the model to the Luxembourg economy. The European Commission (2012) forecasts that, among all euro area countries, Luxembourg will experience the largest increase in pension costs between now and 2060. Our simulations show that a single instrument reform would imply severe backlashes on the rest of the economy. The suggested pension reform instead consists of a policy mix including taxation, benefits and the effective retirement age. We stress the need to design pension reforms based on optimization programs that lead to the achievement of desired targets. Indeed, the reform implemented by the Luxembourg government in 2013, which does not result from an optimization program, will not keep public finances sound over the medium term.

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28

WATANABE, MINORU, YUSUKE MIYAKE, and MASAYA YASUOKA. "PUBLIC INVESTMENT FINANCED BY CONSUMPTION TAX IN AN AGING SOCIETY." Singapore Economic Review 60, no. 05 (December 2015): 1550043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815500435.

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Earlier papers have examined endogenous growth models including public investment financed by an income tax. However, public capital with such financing has not been reported. Aging societies are developing rapidly in economically developed countries. Consumption taxes to finance government expenditures are attractive to alleviate intergenerational inequality. In this paper, we demonstrate that, for public investment financing, a consumption tax is better than an income tax for income growth. If a future generation’s utility is not discounted greatly in social welfare, a consumption tax is superior. A government-set income growth rate target makes income tax financing desirable by providing more social welfare.

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29

Cornand, Camille, and Frank Heinemann. "Limited higher order beliefs and the welfare effects of public information." Journal of Economic Studies 42, no. 6 (November 9, 2015): 1005–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2015-0142.

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Purpose – In games with strategic complementarities, public information about the state of the world has a larger impact on equilibrium actions than private information of the same precision, because the former is more informative about the likely behavior of others. This may lead to welfare-reducing “overreactions” to public signals as shown by Morris and Shin (2002). Recent experiments on games with strategic complementarities show that subjects attach a lower weight to public signals than theoretically predicted. The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the welfare effects of public signals accounting for the weights observed in experiments. Design/methodology/approach – Aggregate behavior observed in experiments on games with strategic complementarities can be explained by a cognitive hierarchy model where subjects employ limited levels of reasoning. They respond in a rational way to the non-strategic part of a game and they account for other players responding rationally, but they neglect that other players also account for others’ rationality. This paper analyzes the welfare effects of public information under such limited levels of reasoning. Findings – In the model by Morris and Shin (2002) public information is always welfare improving if strategies are derived from such low reasoning levels. The optimal degree of publicity is decreasing in the levels of reasoning. For the observed average level of reasoning, full transparency is optimal, if public information is more precise than private information. If the policy maker has instruments that are perfect substitutes to private actions, the government should secretly respond to its information without disclosing or signaling it to the private sector independent of the degree of private agents’ rationality. Originality/value – This paper takes experimental evidence back to theory and shows that the main result obtained by the theory under rational behavior breaks down if theory accounts for the bounded rationality observed in experiments.

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30

Mitchell, Deborah. "Welfare states and welfare outcomes in the 1980s." International Social Security Review 45, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.1992.tb00904.x.

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31

Batina, Raymond G. "Is Policy Coordination a Good Idea? Public Inputs and Policy Harmonization with Skilled and Unskilled Workers." Public Finance Review 45, no. 3 (April 26, 2016): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116644777.

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We extend the classic Zodrow–Mieszkowski model of tax competition with a public input to the case where there is skilled and unskilled labor. The policy rule governing the optimal provision of the public input contains a new term capturing an equity effect that takes into account the disparity in wages between skilled and unskilled workers. The equity effect can work in the opposite direction of efficiency. Under a coordinated policy reform across countries, total welfare improves unambiguously if the public input is underprovided prior to the reform and a concern for equity enhances the effect of improved efficiency on welfare. However, total welfare may also improve even if the public input is initially overprovided if the improvement in the unskilled wage due to the reform is large enough.

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32

FERREIRA, PEDRO CAVALCANTI. "A Note on Growth, Welfare and Public Policy." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 21, no. 1 (March 2001): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572001-1231.

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ABSTRACT ln this note the growth and welfare effects of fiscal and monetary policies are investigated in four economies where public investment is part of the productive process. It is shown that growth is maximized at positive levels of income tax and inflation but that there is no direct relationship between government size, productivity and growth or between inflation and growth. However, unless there are no transfers, no political conflict or public goods in the economy, maximization of growth does not imply welfare maximization and the optimal tax rate and government size are greater than those that maximize growth. Money is not superneutral and the optimal rate of money creation is below the maximizing rate of growth.

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33

JONES, BENJAMIN. "DRIVING A GREEN ECONOMY THROUGH PUBLIC FINANCE AND FISCAL POLICY REFORM." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 02, no. 02 (December 2011): 325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993311000336.

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Amid a still fragile economic environment, and rising concerns about deteriorating environmental conditions, policy-makers are examining the potential for new sources of environmentally sustainable growth and job creation. A "green economy" has emerged as an important concept linking economic growth and environmental sustainability. This paper emphasises the potentially significant opportunities to enhance welfare from better management of scarce environmental and natural resources, including through the reduction and removal of large distortions arising from environmentally harmful subsidies. It emphasises the centrality of fiscal (and in particular tax based) measures, as part of a portfolio of policies necessary to mobilise the resources, both public and private, for such an economic transformation to be effective and equitable.

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34

Martin, Fernando M. "POLICY AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF WITHIN-PERIOD COMMITMENT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 19, no. 7 (March 13, 2014): 1401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100513000886.

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Consider the problem of a benevolent government that needs to finance the provision of a public good with distortionary taxes and cannot commit to policies beyond the current period. In such a case, public expenditure is inefficiently low. If the government further loses the ability to set tax rates before production in the period takes place, then it will not internalize how its policy choices distort current factor markets. Thus, to counterbalance the costs of future distortions, it increases public good provision. For a calibrated economy, removing within-period commitment implies a welfare gain worth half a percent of yearly consumption. A similar gain can be obtained if instead, capital depreciation is allowed to be fully deducted from taxable income.

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35

Koo, Chan Dong, Heung Ju Kim, and Pan Suk Kim. "Analysis on the Unequal Welfare Service Distribution among Local Governments in Korea." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 12, no. 2 (April 16, 2014): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/12.2.225-248(2014).

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This study analyzes the inequality of service distribution of Korea's local welfare services including basic living security, childcare, and senior care services in terms of territorial justice. Using Korea's welfare finance database, the units and resources of local governments, annual tendencies and factors of inequality are investigated by employing the welfare expenditure per service consumer as a measurement index. The results show that inequality is high in the expenditures of Si (city), Gun (county), and Gu (district) governments per service consumer, with grants from upper governments excluded. It is lessened when the budget includes the aid of the central government, which implies that the assistance of the central government plays a role in resolving the unequal expenditure distribution per service consumer. High inequality in the self-funded expenditure of Si, Gun, and Gu governments hints to wide regional gaps caused by differences in financial independence of local governments which will affect social welfare services provided by local governments. Therefore, welfare programs need to be fully financed by the central government in light of territorial justice.

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36

Tullock, Gordon. "Introduction to Alan Peacock's ?Welfare economics and public subsidies to the Arts?" Journal of Cultural Economics 18, no. 2 (1994): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01078937.

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37

DeCorla-Souza, Patrick, and Morteza Farajian. "Evaluation of a Nontraditional Approach to Fund, Finance, and Manage Metropolitan Freeways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2670, no. 1 (January 2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2670-05.

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The purpose of this paper is twofold: ( a) to present a nontraditional, performance outcome–based public–private partnership (PPP) approach to finance and fund freeway reconstruction that relies not just on generating new revenue but also on optimizing scope and costs to achieve financial viability and ( b) to demonstrate how the approach can be evaluated for a specific project with an innovative value for money (VfM) assessment method that considers financial parameters, risk elements, and social benefits. The paper assesses the potential effects of the approach for a hypothetical project on ( a) the public agency’s financial position and ( b) public welfare. For this assessment, the effects of the project itself are assessed first by comparing conventional delivery of the project with “no build,” assuming that the project can be conventionally delivered in the same time frame as the PPP. Next, the effects of project acceleration are assessed by analyzing the effects of delaying conventional project delivery because of the public agency’s fiscal constraints. Finally, the PPP approach is compared with conventional delivery using public financing. The evaluation approach demonstrates how current VfM analysis practice may be enhanced by ( a) including a quantitative assessment of public welfare benefits and ( b) considering “no build” operations and maintenance cost savings to assess the net effect on the financial position of the agency.

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Pinderhughes, Dianne. "DISGUST, VISIBLE VENERATION, AND ROSA PARKS: African American Visions of a Democratic America." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 2, no. 2 (September 2005): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x05050228.

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Melissa Victoria Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004, 336 pages, ISBN: 0-691-11405-6, Cloth, $37.95.Barbara Ransby, Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2003, 496 pages, ISBN: 0-8078-2778-9, Cloth, $34.95, ISBN: 0-8078-5616-9, Paper, $19.95.Ange-Marie Hancock, The Politics of Disgust: The Public Identity of the Welfare Queen. New York: New York University Press, 2004, 210 pages, ISBN: 0-814-736-580, Cloth, $60.00, ISBN: 0-814-736-70X, Paper, $20.00.

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39

Nelson, Jaeger. "Welfare Implications of Uncertain Social Security Reform." Public Finance Review 48, no. 4 (June 19, 2020): 425–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142120923640.

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Policy uncertainty is a type of aggregate risk that has important economic and welfare implications. In this article, I develop a simple general equilibrium overlapping generations model in which households are uncertain as to the type and timing of an inevitable Social Security reform. I document how households’ expectations over the path of future policy influences their behavior. I find that the economic and welfare effects of policy uncertainty are highly sensitive to households’ beliefs over the path of future policy.

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40

Cremer, Helmuth, and Firouz Gahvari. "Excise Tax Evasion, Tax Revenue, and Welfare." Public Finance Review 27, no. 1 (January 1999): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114219902700104.

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Byers, Katharine V., and Maureen A. Pirog. "Local Governments' Fiscal Responses to Welfare Reform." Public Budgeting Finance 23, no. 4 (December 2003): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0275-1100.2003.02304005.x.

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Habibov, Nazim, Alena Auchynnikava, Rong Luo, and Lida Fan. "Influence of interpersonal and institutional trusts on welfare state support revisited." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 7/8 (August 22, 2019): 644–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2019-0083.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the effects of interpersonal and institutional trust on welfare state support in the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (FSU). Design/methodology/approach The authors use micro-data from two rounds of a multinational survey conducted in these countries in 2010 and 2016. The outcome variable of interest is the willingness to pay more taxes to support the welfare state. The authors define the welfare state broadly, and focus on support for three main domains of the welfare state, namely, support for the needy, public healthcare and public education. Binomial regression is used to establish influence of interpersonal and institutional trust on welfare state support. Findings The authors find that both interpersonal and institutional trust have positive influences on strengthening support for the welfare state against a number of alternative explanations for public support for the welfare state. These positive effects remain the same for all three domains under investigation, namely, helping the needy, public healthcare and public education. Furthermore, these positive effects were observed both in the relatively less developed countries of the FSU and in the more developed Eastern European countries. Moreover, the positive effects of interpersonal and institutional trust on support for the needy, public healthcare and public education were found to grow over time. Research limitations/implications The findings indicate that the benefits of nurturing social capital will likely be substantial. Decision-makers, politicians, welfare state administrators and multinational founders (e.g. the UN and World Bank) should acknowledge the role played by trust in influencing the citizenry’s support for the allocation of financial resources toward the development and maintenance of the welfare state. The findings imply that welfare state reforms could prove be more effective within a social context where levels of trust are high. Thus, special attention should be paid to initiatives aimed at developing strategies to build trust. Practical implications Social welfare reforms in post-communist transitional countries may fail without active strategies aimed at nurturing institutional trust. One way to nurture institutional trust is through making additional efforts at enhancing the levels of accountability and transparency within a society as well as through increasing citizen engagement. Another way to build increased levels of trust is to take part in a variety of initiatives in good governance put forth by multinational initiatives. Originality/value As far as the authors know, this is the first paper which studies effect of interpersonal and institutional trust on support of the welfare state using a large and diverse sample of 27 countries over the period of five years. This is the first study which focuses on post-communist countries where trust is inherently low.

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Mathews, Ben, Leah Bromfield, and Kerryann Walsh. "Comparing Reports of Child Sexual and Physical Abuse Using Child Welfare Agency Data in Two Jurisdictions with Different Mandatory Reporting Laws." Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050075.

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Empirical analysis has found that mandatory reporting legislation has positive effects on case identification of child sexual abuse both initially and over the long term. However, there is little analysis of the initial and ongoing impact on child protection systems of the rate of reports that are made if a reporting duty for child sexual abuse is introduced, especially when compared with rates of reports for other kinds of child maltreatment. This research analysed government administrative data at the unique child level over a seven-year period to examine trends in reports of child sexual abuse, compared with child physical abuse, in two Australian states having different socio-legal dimensions. Data mining generated descriptive statistics and rates per 100,000 children involved in reports per annum, and time trend sequences in the seven-year period. The first state, Western Australia, introduced the legislative reporting duty in the middle of the seven-year period, and only for sexual abuse. The second state, Victoria, had possessed mandatory reporting duties for both sexual and physical abuse for over a decade. Our analysis identified substantial intra-state increases in the reporting of child sexual abuse attributable to the introduction of a new legislative reporting duty, and heightened public awareness resulting from major social events. Victoria experienced nearly three times as many reports of physical abuse as Western Australia. The relative burden on the child protection system was most clearly different in Victoria, where reports of physical abuse were relatively stable and two and a half times higher than for sexual abuse. Rates of children in reports, even at their single year peak, indicate sustainable levels of reporting for child welfare agencies. Substantial proportions of reports were made by both legislatively mandated reporters, and non-mandated community members, suggesting that government agencies would benefit from engaging with communities and professions to enhance a desirable reporting practice.

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Fleurbaey, Marc, and Martin Van der Linden. "Fair Social Ordering, Egalitarianism, and Animal Welfare." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 13, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 466–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20190091.

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We study fairness in economies where humans consume one private good and one public good representing the welfare of other species. We show that a social evaluator cannot be egalitarian with respect to humans while always respecting humans’ unanimous preferences. One solution is to respect unanimous preferences only when doing so does not lead to a decrease in the welfare of other species. Social preferences satisfying these properties reveal surprising connections between concerns for other species, egalitarianism among humans, and unanimity: the latter two imply a form of dictatorship from humans with the strongest preference for the welfare of other species. (JEL D11, D63, H41)

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Vidal, Jean-Pierre. "Government Spending on Education and Labour Mobility." Recherches économiques de Louvain 66, no. 4 (2000): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800008356.

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SummaryThis paper sets up a simple two-country overlapping generations model to explore the interplay between education, taxation, and labour mobility and to assess the impact of education policies on human capital formation and long-run welfare in both the sending and the receiving country. It emphasises the role of diminishing returns with respect to public spending on education in the welfare consequences of labour mobility. Emigration can improve the long-run welfare of the sending country when the elasticity of the education technology is low. Immigration augments the long-run level of human capital in the receiving country but can result in a level of long-run welfare lower than autarky.

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Azhgaliyeva, Dina. "The Effect of Oil Revenue Funds on Social Welfare." Public Finance Review 46, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 692–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116681838.

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Recently, it has become popular among oil-producing countries to establish oil revenue funds, which are believed to stabilize the economy and provide intergenerational redistribution. Oil revenue funds differ depending on rules, such as accumulation rules and withdrawal rules. Numerical simulations show that funds can improve intergenerational social welfare, though not always. Which rule yields the highest intergenerational social welfare depends on countries’ parameters such as gross interest rate, relative risk aversion, and growth rate of oil production. Some rules may be unaffordable for a government budget. If oil production does not decline, funds following expenditure-based accumulation rules yield higher social welfare than funds that follow other rules. If oil production declines, the permanent oil income model or “Bird-in-Hand” can yield the highest social welfare.

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Zheng, Angela, and James Graham. "Public Education Inequality and Intergenerational Mobility." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 250–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20180466.

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Public school funding depends heavily on local property tax revenue. Consequently, low-income households have limited access to quality education in neighborhoods with high house prices. In a dynamic life-cycle model with neighborhood choice and endogenous local school quality, we show that this property tax funding mechanism reduces intergenerational mobility and accounts for the spatial correlation between house prices and mobility. A housing voucher experiment improves access to schools, with benefits that can last for multiple generations. Additionally, a policy that redistributes property tax revenues equally across schools improves mobility and welfare. However, the benefits can take generations to be realized. (JEL H71, H75, I21, I22, J62, R23, R31)

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Ollerenshaw, Alison, and John McDonald. "Dimensions of Pastoral Care: Student Wellbeing in Rural Catholic Schools." Australian Journal of Primary Health 12, no. 2 (2006): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py06033.

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This paper investigates the health and welfare needs of students (n = 15,806) and the current service model in Catholic schools in the Ballarat Diocese of Victoria, Australia. Catholic schools use a service model underpinned by an ethos of pastoral care; there is a strong tradition of self-reliance within the Catholic education system for meeting students' health and welfare needs. The central research questions are: What are the emerging health and welfare needs of students? How does pastoral care shape the service model to meet these needs? What model/s might better meet students? primary health care needs? The research methods involved analysis of (1) extant databases of expressed service needs including referrals (n = 1,248) to Student Services over the last 2.5 years, (2) trends in the additional funding support such as special needs funding for students and the Education Maintenance Allowance for families, and (3) semi-structured individual and group interviews with 98 Diocesan and school staff responsible for meeting students' health and welfare needs. Analysis of expressed service needs revealed a marked increase in service demand, and in the complexity and severity of students' needs. Thematic analysis of qualitative interview data revealed five pressing issues: the health and welfare needs of students; stressors in the school community; rural isolation; role boundaries and individualised interventions; and self-reliant networks of care. Explanations for many of these problems can be located in wider social and economic forces impacting upon the church and rural communities. It was concluded that the pastoral care model - as it is currently configured - is not equipped to meet the escalating primary health care needs of students in rural areas. This paper considers the implications for enhanced primary health care in both rural communities and in schools.

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Connolly, Laura S. "Interrelationships among Public Assistance Expenditures: An Empirical Analysis of the Welfare System." Public Finance Review 27, no. 4 (July 1999): 396–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114219902700403.

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Burguillo, Mercedes, Desiderio Romero-Jordán, and José Félix Sanz-Sanz. "The new public transport pricing in Madrid Metropolitan Area: A welfare analysis." Research in Transportation Economics 62 (June 2017): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2017.02.005.

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