Journal articles on the topic 'Public welfare – Spain'
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1
María, G. A. "Public perception of farm animal welfare in Spain." Livestock Science 103, no. 3 (September 2006): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.05.011.
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Bernardi, Luca, and James Adams. "Does Government Support Respond to Governments’ Social Welfare Rhetoric or their Spending? An Analysis of Government Support in Britain, Spain and the United States." British Journal of Political Science 49, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 1407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123417000199.
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Issue ownership theory posits that when social welfare is electorally salient, left-wing parties gain public support by rhetorically emphasizing social welfare issues. There is less research, however, on whether left-wing governing parties benefit from increasing social welfare spending. That is, it is not known whether leftist governments gain from acting on the issues they rhetorically emphasize. This article presents arguments that voters will not react to governments’ social welfare rhetoric, and reviews the conflicting arguments about how government support responds to social welfare spending. It then reports time-series, cross-sectional analyses of data on government support, governments’ social welfare rhetoric and social welfare spending from Britain, Spain and the United States, that support the prediction that government rhetoric has no effects. The article estimates, however, that increased social welfare spending sharply depresses support for both left- and right-wing governments. These findings highlight a strategic dilemma for left-wing governments, which lose public support when they act on their social welfare rhetoric by increasing welfare spending.
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Mahía Casado, Ramón, and Rafael De Arce Borda. "Inmigration and the public economy: prejudices, myths and misperceptions of the spanish case." Revista CENTRA de Ciencias Sociales 1, no. 2 (December 9, 2022): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54790/rccs.22.
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It is twenty years since the beginning in Spain of an immigration cycle without precedent in the international migration scenario. After receiving more than 6 million new citizens continuously throughout a cycle of growth, crisis and economic recovery, the article makes an exhaustive analysis of the connection between immigration and the public economy in Spain. It analyses in detail the empirical evidence which makes it possible to disprove the usual prejudices, myths and misperceptions about immigration and the public economy. The analysis of a specific context such as that of Spain allows for a detailed quantification of the non-specific and aggregated findings shown in the literature on immigration and the public economy. The article shows evidence that refutes the so-called welfare magnet, accurately reveals the scant impact of immigration on public spending, quantifies the essential contribution to tax collection and rejects its negative net fiscal impact.
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Arrieta, Felix, Ainhoa Izaguirre, and Martín Zuñiga. "Is the third sector an extension of public administration? Reflections on the Gipuzkoan case." Voluntary Sector Review 11, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204674320x15867123016660.
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The role of the third sector in the provision of welfare and its relationship with public administration have been gaining importance in political debates because of the difficulties that welfare states have in responding to emerging social needs. The ‘Gipuzkoan model’, based on a public‐private collaboration between third sector organisations and the public administration in Gipuzkoa in the Basque Country in Spain, has been drawing attention over the past 40 years. However, there is a debate concerning the role that each actor should play in the implementation of welfare policies. This article analyses, from a qualitative point of view, the role of the third sector in designing and providing public policy tools for the region within the context promoted by the Gipuzkoan model of public‐private collaboration. The results obtained illustrate a multifaceted scenario in which different visions converge around the same question: How should this collaboration be developed and what future awaits the third sector?
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Janus, Edyta, Raquel Cantero Téllez, Katarzyna Filar-Mierzwa, Paulina Aleksander-Szymanowicz, and Aneta Bac. "Psychosocial and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic Experienced by Staff Employed in Social Welfare Facilities in Poland and Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043336.
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The COVID-19 pandemic had a very significant negative impact on the physical and mental health of various professional groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by staff employed in social welfare institutions in Poland and Spain. The study involved 407 people, including 207 from Poland and 200 from Spain (346 women and 61 men), working in social care facilities. The research tool was the authors’ questionnaire consisting of 23 closed-ended, single- or multiple-choice questions. The study has indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic had negative health and psychosocial effects on employees of social welfare facilities. In addition, it has been shown that the severity of the psychosocial and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic differed between the countries studied. Employees from Spain statistically significantly more often declared deterioration in most of the surveyed indicators, except for mood deterioration, which was experienced more by employees from Poland than their peers from Spain.
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Ares, Cristina, and Antón Losada. "Political Parties’ Preferences about the Volume of Social Spending and its Distribution between Programs and Age Groups: a Comparative Study of France, Spain and the UK." Cuadernos de Gobierno y Administración Pública 7, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/cgap.68179.
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The transformation of the Welfare State is not a standardized response to globalization or a by-product of European Union policies, but rather ‘what parties make of it’ (Burgoon, 2006). Different welfare regimes and welfare cultures contribute to the maintenance of diverse national responses to global and regional integration in terms of their public welfare systems, but there are also meso-level variables, such as parties´ ideologies, that may have an impact on the volume and distribution of welfare expenditure. This article presents a new scheme and procedure to code party manifesto statements in favor of social spending and retrenchment; it applies them in Britain, France and Spain in order to show the possibilities of the new data. The preliminary results indicate that ideologies are linked to parties´ preferences regarding the distribution of social spending between programs, the emphasis on different age groups as beneficiaries of welfare expenditure, and the rationale for social cuts.
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Boto, Alejandra. "Unsolved Questions Regarding EU Citizens Access to Public Healthcare Services in Spain." Central European Public Administration Review 13, no. 2 (June 20, 2015): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2015.2.04.
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Spain is nowadays living the echoes of economic crisis adopting measures to boost employment figures and to correct the excessive macroeconomic imbalances. This paper reviews previous research findings on how these policies affect European citizenship and the access to welfare systems, healthcare provision in particular.Special attention is paid to the so-called “medical tourism” and to the transposition on Directive 2011/24 into national law. The challenges and transformations that the adequate provision of healthcare for EU citizens will require in the next future are also pointed out, notwithstanding some critical legal problems unsolved till the moment.However, as the paper is aimed at underlining, the main barriers that still exist to exercise citizenship right to health protection within EU are not legal, but practical.
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Martínez Buján, Raquel. "Migration, Domestic Care Work and Public Policies on Long-Term Care in Spain." REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 30, no. 65 (August 2022): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880006506.
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Abstract: This article explores the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the labour conditions of migrant workers who provide care to elderly and dependent persons in Spain. Using data from the Active Population Survey, we analyse the effects of the health crisis on the precariousness of this labour sector (measured through unemployment, underemployment and temporary employment). The figures shed light on the degradation of working conditions during the health crisis, the situation of social vulnerability experienced by female workers and the absence of effective policy responses to reverse this inequality during the pandemic. This situation of subordination is structured around the connection between the demand for care workers in private homes and the philosophy behind the public welfare system. Special emphasis is given to the effect of cash transfer programs in the process of the commodification of care.
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Strawczynski, Michel, and Oren Tirosh. "Government Welfare Policy Under a Skilled-Biased Technological Change." Public Finance Review 50, no. 5 (September 2022): 515–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10911421221117713.
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In a world where machines replace unskilled work, an active labor market policy—represented by the combination of an optimal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and income maintenance for the unemployed—provides incentives to increase participation in the labor market and depresses wages for unskilled employees. In this paper, this policy is tested against the alternative of allowing unskilled workers to receive a means-tested basic income (MTBI), as recently adopted by Spain. For a liberal social planner (i.e., includes consumption and leisure in individual utility), the MTBI dominates the active labor market policy. For a conservative social planner (i.e., evaluates social welfare based on individual utility from consumption), the active labor market policy dominates the MTBI. The potential dynamic effects of active labor policy on labor supply were considered in a simulation using updated empirical estimates; it shows that this policy becomes preferable for both types of the social planner.
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Barceló, Joan, and Greg Chih-Hsin Sheen. "Voluntary adoption of social welfare-enhancing behavior: Mask-wearing in Spain during the COVID-19 outbreak." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): e0242764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242764.
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With the spread of COVID-19, more countries now recommend their citizens to wear facemasks in public. The uptake of facemasks, however, remains far from universal in countries where this practice lacks cultural roots. In this paper, we aim to identify the barriers to mask-wearing in Spain, a country with no mask-wearing culture. We conduct one of the first nationally representative surveys (n = 4,000) about this unprecedented public health emergency and identify the profile of citizens who are more resistant to face-masking: young, educated, unconcerned with being infected, and with an introverted personality. Our results further indicate a positive correlation between a social norm of mask-wearing and mask uptake and demonstrate that uptake of facemasks is especially high among the elderly living in localities where mask-wearing behavior is popular. These results are robust when controlling for respondents’ demographics, time spent at home, and occupation fixed effects. Our findings can be useful for policymakers to devise effective programs for improving public compliance.
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DAATLAND, SVEIN OLAV, and KATHARINA HERLOFSON. "‘Lost solidarity’ or ‘changed solidarity’: a comparative European view of normative family solidarity." Ageing and Society 23, no. 5 (September 2003): 537–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03001272.
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This paper discusses filial norms, personal preferences for care, and policy opinions about the proper role of the family and the welfare state in elder care, by drawing from a comparative study of urban populations in Norway, England, Germany, Spain and Israel. Support for filial norms has a north-south dimension in Europe, and is highest in Spain and Israel and lowest – but still substantial – in Norway, England and Germany. National differences in preferences and policy opinions are more substantial, and more or less congruent with national family and social policy traditions. Filial solidarity is, however, not incompatible with generous welfare state arrangements, nor do filial obligations necessarily imply that the family is seen as the ‘natural’ care provider. In fact, many in the countries with the highest scores for filial responsibility still find the welfare state to be the main source of care provision. Normative familism is correlated with expressed familism in individuals' preferences and in policy opinions, but the correlations are weak, implying that while filial solidarity may be resilient, as circumstances alter its expressions change.
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Bermejo, Fernando, Raúl del Pozo, and Pablo Moya. "Main Factors Determining the Economic Production Sustained by Public Long-Term Care Spending in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179199.
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Policy reforms of 2012 introduced in Spain a set of austerity measures to emerge from the 2008 global recession. However, attaining the sustainability of the long-term care (LTC) system by reducing public spending overlooks the drawbacks of a lower demand to meet dependency needs. In this context, this study is intended to provide a deeper insight into the economic factors affecting the shifts in the industrial output sustained by LTC spending before and after the austerity measures adopted in 2012. To accomplish this, we first apply a model based on the Input-Output methodology to quantify the output arisen from the consumption demand to meet the dependency needs covered by LTC spending in 2009, 2012 and 2015. Using the results of this model, we carry out a Structural Decomposition Analysis to explore the main drivers of change in the Spanish economic production for 2009–2012 and 2012–2015. The findings reveal that LTC demand factors have proven more relevant than technology factors in increasing production for the two periods considered. Such findings might guide political decision-making on the management of the LTC system in Spain, showing that public LTC spending does not merely contribute to the welfare of dependents, but also may boost economic production.
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Penne, Tess, Tine Hufkens, Tim Goedemé, and Bérénice Storms. "To what extent do welfare states compensate for the cost of children? The joint impact of taxes, benefits and public goods and services." Journal of European Social Policy 30, no. 1 (August 29, 2019): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928719868458.
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In order to alleviate child poverty, contemporary European welfare states have shifted their focus increasingly towards child-centred investment strategies. However, studies examining the generosity of welfare states to families with children focus mainly on cash benefit packages, or on government expenditure, while not taking into account the actual out-of-pocket costs families have to make to fulfil their needs. This article aims at contributing to existing studies by: (1) empirically assessing the needs and costs of children across welfare states by making use of cross-nationally comparable reference budgets, while taking into account publicly provided or subsidised services; (2) simulating the cash benefits and taxes that affect households with children through the tax–benefit system, by making use of the new Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT) in EUROMOD; and (3) combining both types of information in order to compare the essential out-of-pocket costs for children between 6 and 18 years old with the simulated cash benefit packages. We propose a new indicator that can be used to assess welfare state generosity to families with children: the child cost compensation indicator. The use of the indicator is empirically illustrated by comparing six European welfare states: Belgium, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy and Spain. The article shows that, even though with important cross-national variation, cash transfers generally amount to less than 60 percent of the cost of children. Although in five out of six countries support for families is higher at the lower end of the income distribution, for households living on a low gross wage, the income of a family with children is less adequate compared to a similar childless family and is in many cases insufficient to participate adequately in society.
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HALL, KELLY, and IRENE HARDILL. "Retirement migration, the ‘other’ story: caring for frail elderly British citizens in Spain." Ageing and Society 36, no. 3 (December 9, 2014): 562–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14001342.
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ABSTRACTRecent years have seen a growth in research on retirement/lifestyle migration to Spain, however this has tended to focus on the reasons for moving, as well as the lifestyles adopted as part of a healthy and active retirement. However, ageing in Spain can bring challenges as a person's resources for independent living diminish. This paper draws on narrative interviews with vulnerable older British people in Spain, focusing on those who have encountered a severe decline in health, are frail and in need of care. It looks at the formal and informal networks and agencies that support these individuals, in particular the resources and strategies they employ to access care. Drawing on a framework of care provision developed by Glucksmann and Lyons, four broad modes of provision for old age care used by older British people in Spain are identified: state/public, family/community, voluntary/not-for-profit and market/for-profit. The paper argues that there are language, cultural, spatial and financial barriers when accessing care in Spain as an older British citizen. It is concluded that there are some frail, vulnerable people that may fall through a support gap, whereby they are no longer the responsibility of UK welfare services, yet not fully recognised in their new country of residence, and asks if more should be done to support this population.
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Atance, Debon, and de la Fuente. "HIPOTECA INVERSA: IMPACTO DEL RIESGO DE LONGEVIDAD EN EL CASO ESPAÑOL." Anales del Instituto de Actuarios Españoles, no. 27 (2021): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26360/2021_6.
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Abstract The demographic perspective in Spain highlights the need to incorporate new alternatives that allow the sustainability of the welfare state. Clearly, one of the main solutions will be the reverse mortgage, which allows the important real estate savings of the elderly to realese and to procure income complementary to public pensions. This article analyzes, from the point of view of longevity risk, the impact between the use of sex distinct mortality tables or unisex tables, showing he importance of global portfolio management by the bank. Keywords: Reverse Mortgage, Lump Sum, Mortality Modelling and Forecasting, Gender Equality, Longevity Risk.
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Gálvez-Iniesta, Ismael, and José L. Groizard. "Undocumented Migration and Electoral Support: Evidence From Spain." Politics and Governance 9, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i4.4379.
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Unwrapping the political discourse against immigration is key to understanding the rise of populism in Western democracies. A growing body of literature has found ample evidence that immigration pays a premium to conservative political forces that propose tighter policies. Using data on presidential elections in Spain from 2008 to 2019, we shed light on this debate by highlighting the role played by irregular migration. Some studies show that undocumented immigrants consume less and earn lower wages than documented immigrants with similar observable characteristics. In addition, since they are relegated to working in the informal sector, they cannot contribute to the welfare state with direct taxes. This suggests that undocumented migration might intensify support for right-wing politics and that the effect is independent from the one caused by the presence of documented migrants. We apply an instrumental variable strategy to deal with the non-random distribution of migrants across political districts. Our findings indicate that increasing undocumented migration increases support for the right, while increasing documented migration rises support for the left. When we consider the irruption of the far-right into electoral competitions, we find that undocumented migration redistributes votes from the left to the right, as has been observed in other countries.
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COSTA-FONT, JOAN, LUIS SALVADOR-CARULLA, JUAN M. CABASES, JORDI ALONSO, and DAVID McDAID. "Tackling Neglect and Mental Health Reform in a Devolved System of Welfare Governance." Journal of Social Policy 40, no. 2 (July 13, 2010): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279410000553.
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AbstractA system of devolved welfare governance, it is argued, increases participation in welfare services. However, limited empirical evidence has been reported on how it influences welfare reform. This paper draws upon evidence from the mental health system in Spain, where health care is devolved to the regional states (autonomous communities), to examine whether policy reform of neglected policy areas may be triggered through heightened policy awareness and better participation of interested stakeholders. We find that regional devolution has helped to scale up mental health in some of Spain's autonomous regions relative to support for other services. Evidence suggests that whilst fragmentation and certain historical legacies remain path dependent, regional devolution has indeed enhanced experimentation, reform and policy innovation in mental health care. However, the expansion of mental health care coverage has been constrained by the lack of a clear definition of public coverage, as well as the need to meet the demands of evidence-based policy in an era of cost-containment. Inequalities in access to mental health care remain; they are compounded by the stigma and discrimination experienced by people with mental health problems, which is a common challenge for all health systems in Europe.
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Vancea, Mihaela, Jennifer Shore, and Mireia Utzet. "Role of employment-related inequalities in young adults’ life satisfaction: A comparative study in five European welfare state regimes." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818823934.
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Aims: There is evidence that young people are less satisfied with their lives when they are unemployed or working in precarious conditions. This study aims to shed light on how the life satisfaction of unemployed and precariously employed young people varies across welfare states with different labour market policies and levels of social protection. Methods: The analyses are based on representative cross-sectional survey data from five European countries (Denmark, the UK, Germany, Spain and the Czech Republic), corresponding to five different welfare state regimes. For economically active young adults ( N=6681), the prevalence ratios of low life satisfaction were estimated through multivariate logistic regressions. Results: In all five countries, unemployed young adults presented a higher prevalence of low life satisfaction. When we compared employees with people with permanent and temporary contracts, the former were more satisfied with their lives only in Germany and the UK, examples of conservative and liberal welfare regimes, respectively. Experience of unemployment decreased young adults’ life satisfaction only in Germany and the Czech Republic, examples of a conservative and an eastern European welfare regime, respectively. In almost all countries, young adults with low economic self-sufficiency presented a higher prevalence of low life satisfaction. Conclusions: There are nuanced patterns of employment type and life satisfaction across European states that hint at welfare state regimes as possible moderators in this relationship. The results suggest that the psychological burdens of unemployment or work uncertainty cannot be overlooked and should be addressed according to different types of social provisions.
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Jaraíz Arroyo, Germán, Francisco Caravaca Sánchez, and Auxiliadora González Portillo. "Non-European Immigration, socio-economic benefits and dynamics of inclusion in Spain. Do immigrants consume a disproportionate share of Social Service benefits?" OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 16, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/obets2021.16.2.07.
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The problematisation of migration has intensified in Europe over the last decade, as the Financial Crisis of 2008 dealt a major blow to social welfare instruments. This context has reinforced the idea that immigrants would consume a disproportionate share of socio-economic resources available through social services, thus displacing the local population. This article examines the case of Spain, analysing the dynamics of accessing socioeconomic inclusion policies developed by public Social Services among immigrants and non-immigrants at risk of social exclusion, based on different secondary sources. The paper shows that is there no evidence that social services resources are being displaced for the socio-economic inclusion of the immigrant population.
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MOTEL-KLINGEBIEL, ANDREAS, CLEMENS TESCH-ROEMER, and HANS-JOACHIM VON KONDRATOWITZ. "Welfare states do not crowd out the family: evidence for mixed responsibility from comparative analyses." Ageing and Society 25, no. 6 (November 2005): 863–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x05003971.
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This paper discusses the informal and formal provision of help and support to older people from a comparative welfare state perspective, with particular reference to the relationships between inter-generational family help and welfare state support. While the ‘substitution’ hypothesis states that the generous provision of welfare state services in support of older people ‘crowds out’ family help, the ‘encouragement’ hypothesis predicts a stimulation of family help, and the ‘mixed responsibility’ hypothesis predicts a combination of family and formal help and support. The paper reports findings from the Old Age and Autonomy: The Role of Service Systems and Inter-generational Family Solidarity (OASIS) research project. This created a unique age-stratified sample of 6,106 people aged 25–102 years from the urban populations of Norway, England, Germany, Spain and Israel. The analyses show that the total quantity of help received by older people is greater in welfare states with a strong infrastructure of formal services. Moreover, when measures of the social structure, support preferences and familial opportunity structures were controlled, no evidence of a substantial ‘crowding out’ of family help was found. The results support the hypothesis of ‘mixed responsibility’, and suggest that in societies with well-developed service infrastructures, help from families and welfare state services act accumulatively, but that in familistic welfare regimes, similar combinations do not occur.
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López-Peña, D., J. D. Asís-Pardo, M. Portillo-Rubio, and R. Jiménez-Peydró. "Diversity and distribution of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Tormes river basin (western Spain)." Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association 40, no. 1 (September 2, 2022): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52004/jemca2022.0002.
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To enhance the partial knowledge on blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) fauna in Spain it is crucial to collect all the available data on this group to better understand their ecology and distribution over the years. This study presents data from samples collected along the Tormes river basin (western Spain) during the years 1988, 1989 and 1996 and then stored at the University of Salamanca. As a result of a research stay, a total of 19 species belonging to 3 genera (Prosimulium, Metacnephia and Simulium) and 5 Simulium subgenera (Boophthora, Eusimulium, Nevermannia, Simulium and Wilhelmia) were identified after examining 64% of the stored material, representing 35% of the species known from Spain. In addition, 14 species are reported for the first time in 3 provinces in the study area. Further sampling of blackflies is foreseen in the near future in order to check if the blackfly fauna composition determined in samples collected during the last two decades of the 20th century has changed. This aim gains in importance as a consequence of haematophagous species having been found, relevant for both public health and animal welfare, not only because of the discomfort caused by their bites but also because of their potential as vectors of disease-causing agents in animals and humans.
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González-Crespo, Carlos, and Santiago Lavín. "Use of Fertility Control (Nicarbazin) in Barcelona: An Effective yet Respectful Method towards Animal Welfare for the Management of Conflictive Feral Pigeon Colonies." Animals 12, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070856.
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This study describes a three-year evaluation (2017–2019) of a fertility control protocol using nicarbazin (Ovistop®) to reduce the abundance of the most conflictive colonies of feral pigeon, Columba livia var. domestica, in Barcelona, Spain, as a long-term strategy based on animal welfare. The treatment was supplied to 34 pigeon colonies by automatic hopper feeders installed in public areas. A superiority study and a population monitoring study were carried out to evaluate differences in the abundance of the colonies, as well as the proportion of juveniles, the possible intake of nicarbazin by non-target species and the movement of individuals among colonies. The results showed statistical differences in the population trends between the test (−22.03%) and control (+12.86%) groups, and a significant steady decreasing trend in the pigeon abundance (−55.26%) was registered until the end of 2019. The proportion of juveniles was significatively lower in the test colonies, and a non-target species (Eurasian collared doves, Streptopelia decaocto) was observed consuming in a residual form. The protocol using nicarbazin is able to both control the abundance of pigeons, with no impact over non-target species, and respond to the public interest about animal welfare by providing an ethical method to manage overabundant and/or conflictive populations.
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García-Gómez, Raúl, Jorge Onrubia-Fernández, and Antonio Jesus Sanchez-Fuentes. "Is public sector performance just a matter of money? The case of the Spanish regional governments." Economics and Business Letters 8, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.8.2.2019.74-84.
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Efficient use of public resources is clearly a relevant issue to be studied from several points of view. Among others, it accounts for a significant share of the total economy activity and it deals with non-market oriented activities. In Spain, the regional level is particularly relevant due to the progressive decentralization of key public policies constituting the welfare state (as education, health, etc.) and their increasing financing needs, at the same time with important differences in fiscal capacity between them. Moreover, they mostly share (15 of 17) a common financing system in which an efficient use of resources is assumed but not evaluated. Our results show that normally a few of the regions tend to be the top performers, but there no regions performing poorly in every aspect. It is also worth noting that no dramatic changes can be seen in terms both of expenditure and performance during the recent Great Recession.
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Warwick, Clifford, and Catrina Steedman. "Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context." January-July 7, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2021.42-64.
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Background and Aim: Wildlife markets are centers of trade involving live animals and their derivatives from wild-caught and captive-bred non-domesticated animals, including for the culinary, fashion, traditional medicine, curio, and pet sectors. These markets occur in Southeast Asia, India, North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa, and elsewhere. This study aims to address a diversity of related issues that have a one-health bearing while focusing on wildlife markets in relation to the pet trade. Across relevant regions and countries, all major animal classes are traded at wildlife-pet markets. Wildlife markets, in general, are considered distinct from so-called "wet markets" at which domesticated animals, fish, and other "seafood" are offered only for consumption. Several aspects of wildlife markets have attracted scientific and popular scrutiny, including animal welfare concerns, species conservation threats, legality, ecological alteration, introduction of invasive alien species, presence of undescribed species, and public and agricultural animal health issues. Materials and Methods: Onsite inspections were conducted for markets in the United States, Spain, Germany, The Netherlands, and the UK, as well as observational research of visual imagery of market conditions, and we compared these conditions with evidence-based standards for animal welfare and public health management. Results: Wildlife markets globally shared common similar structures and practices including the presence of sick, injured, or stressed animals; mixing of animals of uncertain origin and health state; and no specific or any hygiene protocols, with issues of animal welfare, public health and safety, agricultural animal health, and other one-health concerns being inherently involved. Conclusion: We conclude that wildlife markets are incompatible with responsible standards and practices, and we recommend that such events are banned globally to ameliorate inherent major problems.
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Gracia Cárcamo, Juan. "Women, Families and Social Welfare in Spain from the 18th Century to the Present." Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for the History of Public Health 9, no. 1 (November 24, 2010): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/hygiea.1403-8668.1091129.
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León Sanz, Pilar. "Professional Responsibility and the Welfare System in Spain at the Turn of the 19th Century." Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for the History of Public Health 5, no. 1 (November 17, 2006): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/hygiea.1403-8668.065175.
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Lekka, Anastasia Chr. "How Memoranda of Understanding Have Affected EU Democratic Institutions in Southern EU Countries." International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (August 10, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i2.11692.
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The recent recession having emerged in 2007 has been the worst economic downturn since the time of Great Depression of 1929 in USA and spread across the European continent. In many European countries this led to severe sovereign debt crisis beginning in 2010 and was followed by implementation of austerity measures with significant impact on public, social and employment sector. Those tough austerity measures resulted in structural reforms of welfare and labor market especially in Southern EU countries like Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Italy representing the most prominent examples. These policies were imposed to a large extend through the so called “Troika” which was an interaction between internal EU and external Organizations, like the European Union, the European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund respectively.Citizens realize that their national economic institutions are no longer responsible for the decision making on major social and economic policies, on economic and welfare policies, on privatization and sale of public assets. Consequently, citizens tend to question if this constrained democracy deserves further support. This is enhanced by the fact that National Parliaments no longer develop policies but rather align with policies dictated by the above stated Institutions and are forced to accept such deals without asking the opinion of citizens. Nevertheless the EU intends to promote civil society participation in decision making and program policies applied. This contradiction needs to be analyzed in order to determine if there is a democratic deficit in EU member states.
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Martín Cervantes, Pedro Antonio, Nuria Rueda López, and Salvador Cruz Rambaud. "A Causal Analysis of Life Expectancy at Birth. Evidence from Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (July 3, 2019): 2367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132367.
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Background: From a causal point of view, there exists a set of socioeconomic indicators concerning life expectancy. The objective of this paper is to determine the indicators which exhibit a relation of causality with life expectancy at birth. Methods: Our analysis applies the Granger causality test, more specifically its version by Dumitrescu–Hurlin, starting from the information concerning life expectancy at birth and a set of socioeconomic variables corresponding to 17 Spanish regions, throughout the period 2006–2016. To do this, we used the panel data involving the information provided by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare (MHCSW) and the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). Results: Per capita income, and the rate of hospital beds, medical staff and nurses Granger-cause the variable “life expectancy at birth”, according to the Granger causality test applied to panel data (Dumitrescu–Hurlin’s version). Conclusions: Life expectancy at birth has become one of the main indicators able to measure the performance of a country’s health system. This analysis facilitates the identification of those factors which exhibit a unidirectional Granger-causality relationship with life expectancy at birth. Therefore, this paper provides useful information for the management of public health resources from the point of view of the maximization of social benefits.
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DEL PINO, ELOÍSA, and JUAN A. RAMOS. "Is Welfare Retrenchment Inevitable? Scope and Drivers of Healthcare Reforms in Five Spanish Regions During the Crisis." Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 4 (March 20, 2018): 701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000077.
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AbstractTo what extent, in the context of severe economic crisis, do governments of the right and the left have room for manoeuvre to choose their fiscal consolidation paths? To what degree might this margin be broader in multilevel systems? The severity of the crisis suffered by Spain since 2007, combined with the significant scope of the powers and related expenditure capacities of the Autonomous Communities, make the Spanish regions a highly suitable case for controlled comparisons of fiscal adjustment policies and welfare reforms. Specifically examining healthcare retrenchment in the regions, we find that although the regional governments were all subjected to considerable budget constraints and were forced to cut social policies, they were also able to ensure a certain degree of leeway in selecting their individual healthcare retrenchment policies, in part by strategically utilising the multilevel institutions provided by the Spanish Autonomic State.
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Zufiaurre, Benjamin, and Maider Pérez de Villarreal. "Researching Gender Professions: Nurses as Professionals." Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 7, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v7n1p197.
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Nurses as professionals of health, childhood education teachers, social workers and caregivers, join a group of“feminine professions” which grew through policies of a welfare state in postwar constructive period, or in times ofpostwar accords (Jones, 1983). These professions are under challenge because of neoliberal policies and practices inthe 21st century. In the paper, we want to give lights to the contradictory situations nurses face, as workers and ascare keepers. Nurses, suffer of a combination of public and private functions, at work, at home, and when caringfamily relatives. The way women feel about their role as professionals, and as women and workers, is illuminative,as we enquired in a funded research developed with nurses in the community of Navarra, Spain, first from 1993 to1996, and next, checking a continuity each ten years, 2006 and next 2016.
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Blázquez-Fernández, Carla, David Cantarero-Prieto, and Marta Pascual-Sáez. "Quality of Life, Health and the Great Recession in Spain: Why Older People Matter?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042028.
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The financial crisis of 2008 precipitated the “Great Recession”. In this scenario, we took Spain as a country of study, because although it experienced significant negative shocks associated with macroeconomic variables (GDP or unemployment), its welfare indicators have been marked by limited changes. This study used data from waves 2 and 4 (years 2006–2007 and 2010–2012, respectively) of the Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Specifically, through logistic regressions we have analysed the effects of socioeconomic, demographic, health and “Great Recession” factors on the quality of life (QoL) of elders in Spain. Although QoL did not change too much during the “Great Recession”, the results confirmed the importance of several factors (such as chronicity) that affect the satisfaction with the QoL among the older people. In this regard, statistically significant effects were obtained for individual exposure to recession. Therefore, a decrease in household income in the crisis period with respect to the pre-crisis period would increase by 44% the probability of reporting a low QoL (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.00–2.07). Furthermore, gender differences were observed. Health and socioeconomic variables are the most significant when determining individual QoL. Therefore, when creating policies, establishing multidisciplinary collaborations is essential.
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Belzunegui-Eraso, Angel, David Duenas-Cid, and Inma Pastor-Gosálbez. "Religious social action and its organizational profiles." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-04-2018-0025.
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Purpose Social action implemented by the Church via its affiliated entities, foundations and associations may be viewed as a uniform activity. In reality, however, several organizational profiles exist that depend on the origin of these organizations (lay or religious), the scope of their activities (local or general) and their dependence on resources (whether from public administration or civil society). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors examine this diversity based on a 2015 study of every Catholic Church social organization with headquarters in Catalonia. For the study, the authors conducted a detailed analysis of these organizations in order to determine their nature, scope and structure. The methodology combined questionnaire, interviews and non-participant observation. Findings The social actions of these organizations lead to interesting debates, such as those on: charity/assistentialism vs social justice; professionalization vs voluntarism; and personal autonomy vs functional dependence resulting from the action. This study also highlights how important it is that Church organizations carry out social actions to generate social welfare in the welfare states of southern European countries. Originality/value It is the first time that a study of the social impact of the church and its organizational implications in Spain has been made.
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Greer, Scott. "Territorial Politics in Hard Times: The Welfare State under Pressure in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 28, no. 3 (January 2010): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c09116.
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Natoli, Eugenia, Nadja Ziegler, Agnés Dufau, and Maria Pinto Teixeira. "Unowned Free-Roaming Domestic Cats: Reflection of Animal Welfare and Ethical Aspects in Animal Laws in Six European Countries." Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 2, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25889567-12340017.
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Abstract Besides the population of pet cats, another feline population that has regular and frequent relationships with the human population, is represented by unowned, free-roaming domestic cats. It is incontestable that part of human beings is responsible for the growing number of unwanted cats. The problems raised by the existence of free-roaming cat population range from acoustic and hygienic nuisance (because of loud vocalizations during the breeding season and bad smell due to sprayed urine from tomcats) to public health threat (because of the potential spread of zoonotic diseases and of diseases to pet cats and other species), to predation of wildlife (it can cause disruption of ecosystems). Undoubtedly, unowned free-roaming cat population has to be managed but, in the third millennium, human control strategies have to have an ethical dimension. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the National Laws in France, Spain, UK, Austria, Portugal and Italy. Based on the knowledge of domestic cat behavior, we suggest that when the TNR strategy for controlling domestic cat populations is applied by law in the mentioned countries, the basic needs and welfare of the species are respected.
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Fernández-García, Olga, María Dolores Gil-Llario, and Rafael Ballester-Arnal. "Sexual Health among Youth in Residential Care in Spain: Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912948.
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Adolescents in the child welfare system often face multiple maladaptive experiences that predispose them to worse sexual health outcomes. This study aims to (1) describe the sexual health of adolescents in Spanish residential care by exploring their sexual knowledge, attitudes toward sexuality, and sexual behaviors and (2) to find out whether there are certain characteristics that make a subgroup particularly vulnerable to engaging in risky sexual behaviors. A total of 346 adolescents recruited from 47 Spanish residential care facilities (34.1% girls, 65.9% boys) aged between 11 and 19 years old completed some self-report instruments. Descriptive analyses and tests to prove gender and age differences were conducted. Their knowledge of sexuality was lower than observed in the general adolescent population, their attitudes more negative, and their tendency to engage in risky sexual behaviors higher. Girls made very infrequent use of condoms, while boys had more sexist attitudes and made habitual use of withdrawal. Although more than 20% of them had experienced sexual exchange activities before the age of 13 until 17, they did not use condoms systematically. The low level of knowledge, the early initiation of sexual exchange activities, and the scarce use of protection methods, together with sexist attitudes, place this group in a situation of great vulnerability, increasing the risk of unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and even teen dating violence.
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León, Margarita, Costanzo Ranci, Stefania Sabatinelli, and Zyab Ibáñez. "Tensions between quantity and quality in social investment agendas: Working conditions of ECEC teaching staff in Italy and Spain." Journal of European Social Policy 29, no. 4 (November 9, 2018): 564–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928718808401.
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Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) has become a strategic component of the Social Investment (SI) paradigm. Growth in this field of social policy – quantified as an increase in public spending and coverage rates – is often taken as indicative of a wider attempt to reformulate welfare state intervention through an SI approach. However, SI agendas have produced differentiated impacts in different contexts. In scenarios of budget restraints, some governments have increased coverage and controlled costs at the same time by allowing for higher staff-to-child ratios and group sizes, externalizing management costs or worsening the working conditions of professionals. These strategies can severely compromise the quality of the provision offered. This is likely to have more effect in those contexts in which provision needs to be developed under more stringent conditions of financial viability. The article analyses two such cases, Italy and Spain, where general conditions of permanent austerity are combined with a comparatively reduced capacity for public spending. Focusing on the qualifications and the working conditions of professionals working in ECEC as a fundamental aspect of the quality of provision, this article compares the two segments of ECEC: early child development (0–2) and pre-primary education (3–5), in both Italy and Spain since the early 1990s. The working conditions of primary school teachers are taken as a frame of reference. We conclude that, despite the fact that there has been an overall expansion of ECEC in both countries, only the (early) policy developments in pre-schooling can be seen as conforming to what have lately been codified as the principles of an SI strategy; at the same time an evident tension exists between the expansion and the quality of provision in the more recent development of childcare services for very young children.
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de-Magistris, Tiziana, Azucena Gracia, and Jesus Barreiro-Hurle. "Do consumers care about European food labels? An empirical evaluation using best-worst method." British Food Journal 119, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2016-0562.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate Spanish consumer preferences for several food-labelling schemes on semi-cured, pasteurised sheep milk cheese. In particular, the authors used three labels regulated by the European Union regulation (European organic logo, protected denomination of origin (PDO) and nutritional fat content), and the remaining four have been introduced to the European food market by private initiatives (local, carbon footprint, food miles and animal welfare). Design/methodology/approach A Best-Worst Discrete Choice approach was applied in Spain during Fall 2011 by administrating a survey to 549 consumers. Findings The results suggest that the most valued labels are the PDO, followed by the organic logo and the nutritional panel. The least valued are food-miles labelling and carbon foodprint labels, while local-origin labels and animal welfare are in the middle position. Originality/value This study is the first to value consumer preferences for cheese products bearing several public and private European food-labelling schemes since literature on consumer preferences for food labels has only dealt with a comparison of a few (two or at most three) food-labelling schemes. In addition, the added value of this paper is also the use of the BWC approach that has the advantage of providing the best way to discriminate the degree of importance given by respondents to each food labels by overcoming the problem of bias caused by differences in the use of rating scales.
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Moreno, Almudena, and Alfonso Lara Montero. "Children’s services in Spain: a study of the organisation and implementation of children’s services in three regions in response to European recommendations." Journal of Children's Services 11, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-03-2016-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the current organisation and implementation of children’s services in three regions of Spain, to identify strengths and gaps and to suggest proposals for improvement in line with European recommendations. Design/methodology/approach Spain features a decentralised approach when it comes to the organisation of children’s services. This means that relevant themes for children’s services refer to decentralised policies, which diverge within the regions in the country and therefore to illustrate this the authors focus on three specific regions. The study used an exploratory case study design and relied on qualitative methods, including the answers to open questionnaires provided by senior civil servants at key regional child welfare agencies, children’s services directors and service providers. Findings The main finding from the review of the legislation and the answers to the questionnaires is that public social services still follow an assistance logic rather than a social investment approach in regards to children’s services. Although a significant development of laws and policies has taken place, ensuring the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of programmes and services for children remains a challenge. Research limitations/implications The answers provided by the respondents may be subject to limitations imposed by the agencies for which they work. A general disadvantage of qualitative research is the use of subjective criteria to interpret the relevance of the results. The study was further challenged by differences across regions when it comes to their legal and policy frameworks, development of provisions and implementation and outcomes’ evaluation. Practical implications The findings could be used to assess the state of play in regards to children’s services across the regions studied and beyond with a focus on children being placed at the centre of public services’ intervention, using a comprehensive approach and promoting critical thinking and reflective practice. Social implications The three selected case studies provide additional insight into policy and legal developments, implementation and evaluation of activities and efforts to improve policy and practice in children’s services. Originality/value This paper contributes to the evaluation of the current situation of children’s services in Spain from a decentralised perspective with the aim to facilitate changes to improve planning, implementation and evaluation of children’s services and secure better outcomes for children.
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Sánchez, Francisco Raso, José Antonio Marín Marín, and Antonio Manuel Rodríguez García. "Análisis De La Satisfacción Del Profesorado De La Escuela Rural En La Provincia De Granada (España) RespectoASu Relación PersonalYProfesional Con La Comunidad Educativa." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n4p27.
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The importance recently acquired by satisfaction studies in educational institutions has caused scientific interest in the welfare of members of the educational community to increase significantly, given the relationship of this variable, not only to labor productivity, but to the quality of interpersonal relationships within our schools, which is especially necessary in those of rural type. In this regard, we present the following study, funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports of Spain with the reference AP2007 – 00294, and whose interest focused on knowing those aspects of social interactions with the rest of the members of the educational community of rural schools in the province of Granada more pleasing and displeasing to their teachers respectively. For this purpose, a descriptive and non-experimental research, focused on the implementation of the survey technique on a sample of 221 teachers in Grenadian rural public schools was designed. Thanks to this methodology, it has been found that rural teachers in Granada value far more the daily support and the friendship of the rest of their coworkers than the involvement of the families in the education of their children or the cooperation of the public administration with the problems of rural educational centers, a result already supported by other scientific research carried out on the subject in the same context.
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Marx, Paul, and Gijs Schumacher. "Will to power? Intra-party conflict in social democratic parties and the choice for neoliberal policies in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain (1980–2010)." European Political Science Review 5, no. 1 (June 7, 2012): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773912000070.
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Why do social democrats choose neoliberal labor market policies? Since social democrats are typically punished for welfare state retrenchment and because these policies do not equate well with social democratic egalitarian principles, it is difficult to see what they gain from it. We argue that, depending on the intra-party balance of power between activists and leaders, some parties are office-seeking, whereas others are policy-seeking. This behavioral difference explains why some parties are responsive to environmental incentives such as the economy and public opinion (office-seeking parties) and others are responsive to policy-motivated activists (policy-seeking parties). Using three case studies of social democratic parties (Germany, the Netherlands and Spain) in the period 1980–2010, we analyze when and why these parties introduced neoliberal reforms. The study shows that office-seeking parties introduce neoliberal measures if the risk of losing votes due to an underperforming economy becomes larger than the risk of losing votes due to the mobilization of unions and opposition parties. Policy-seeking social democrats retain a social democratic ideology, unless prolonged failure to win office empowers pragmatic leaders to push through office-seeking strategies.
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Hidalgo-Lopezosa, Pedro, Ana María Cubero-Luna, Andrea Jiménez-Ruz, María Hidalgo-Maestre, María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego, and Pablo Jesús López-Soto. "Association between Birth Plan Use and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Southern Spain: A Case-Control Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020456.
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Background: Birth plans are used for pregnant women to express their wishes and expectations about childbirth. The aim of this study was to compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between women with and without birth plans. Methods: A multicentre, retrospective case–control study at tertiary hospitals in southern Spain between 2009 and 2013 was conducted. A total of 457 pregnant women were included, 178 with and 279 without birth plans. Women with low-risk gestation, at full-term and having been in labour were included. Sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal variables were analysed and comparisons were established. Results: Women with birth plans were older, more educated and more commonly primiparous. Caesarean sections were less common in primiparous women with birth plans (18% vs. 29%, p = 0.027); however, no significant differences were found in instrumented births, 3rd–4th-degree tears or episiotomy rates. Newborns of primiparous women with birth plans obtained better results on 1 min Apgar scores, umbilical cord pH and advanced neonatal resuscitation. No significant differences were found on 5 min Apgar scores or other variables for multiparous women. Conclusions: Birth plans were related to less intervention, a more natural process of birth and better outcomes for mothers and newborns. Birth plans can improve the welfare of the mother and newborn, leading to birth in a more natural way.
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Gil-Lacruz, Ana, Marta Gil-Lacruz, and María Isabel Saz-Gil. "Socially Active Aging and Self-Reported Health: Building a Sustainable Solidarity Ecosystem." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072665.
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Senior volunteering is associated with improved welfare, in addition to contributing to social development. Thus, the involvement of seniors in non-profit organizations (NPO), the third sector, or the social economy is encouraged by European national governments. At the organizational level, the situation for older volunteers in the third sector has improved in recent years, mainly due to European legal regulations. Despite a certain degree of homogenization across European countries, significant national differences persist in the adoption and promotion of volunteering. The present study examines the link between self-reported health and participation in volunteering activities among European seniors, stratified by sex and generation (the Silent Generation and the Baby Boomer Generation). We focus our analysis on seniors living in Germany, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and Ukraine. Analyses were conducted using empirical micro data from the World Values Survey (WVS; 1994/98, 2005/09 and 2010/14). Our results demonstrate the positive impact of volunteering on health status among the elderly, although we observed marked differences in the associated benefits between sexes, generational cohorts, and countries. Public policies should be developed with this important source of social capital in mind, but should also seek to address existing inequity.
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Ibáñez-del Valle, Vanessa, Silvia Corchón, Georgiana Zaharia, and Omar Cauli. "Social and Emotional Loneliness in Older Community Dwelling-Individuals: The Role of Socio-Demographics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 16622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416622.
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Background: Social determinants have a major influence on individuals’ health, and among them, loneliness has an important impact on the health of the elderly. Objectives: The aims were to determine loneliness and its social and emotional components in a sample of elderly people and to assess its prevalence and associations with sociodemographic variables. Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional, observational research was carried out based on a population over 60 years of age in Valencia (Spain). Loneliness was assessed with the De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Results: Five-hundred and thirty community-dwelling individuals participated. The mean age of the sample was 72.7 years (84.2% women); 36.2% suffered from moderate loneliness and 6.6% suffered from extreme loneliness. The sociodemographic variables most significantly related to loneliness were being single, separated, or divorced (p < 0.01). Among widowers, loneliness was inversely associated with years of widowhood (p < 0.01). Having sons/daughters was a significant protective factor (p < 0.05), while having grandchildren or siblings did not have a significant influence. The ability to walk and smartphone and video call use were not associated with loneliness. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of unwanted loneliness in community-dwelling individuals, and some social factors play an important role. Interventions against loneliness among older people are a priority for welfare and public health.
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Anoro, Manel, Enrique Ilundain, and Oscar Santisteban. "Barcelona's Safer Injection Facility-EVA: A Harm Reduction Program Lacking Official Support." Journal of Drug Issues 33, no. 3 (July 2003): 689–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260303300309.
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EVA – Espacio de Venopunción higiénica Asistida – is the first safe injection facility (SIF) in Barcelona, Spain. Started on September 12, 2001, it began as a “poor relative” of DAVE –Dispositivo Asistencial de Venopunción – in Madrid. EVA suffers from the general underfunding of its parent program, the Can Tunis outreach program, and it has no formal or material support from municipal authorities. This SIF can accommodate five drug injectors at one time and also operates as a mobile room for shelter, contact, and health education, addressing mainly those drug users who are at highest risk of overdose, HIV infection, violence, and death. The project offers consistent services provided by an array of health care and welfare professionals, and it is ready to intervene in overdose and/or crisis situations. To date, it has an excellent record in providing a safe environment for both its staff of health care professionals and its clients. Below the Can Tunis area in general, the outreach program, and EVA are described. The advantages, disadvantages, and what has been learned from working in this quarter of Barcelona with the injection drug using community is discussed. In closing, questions and proposals for future efforts are addressed.
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Ortega-del-Cerro, Pablo. "The Spanish Monte Pío Militar: Institutional protection for the widows and other relatives of naval officers, 1730–1900." Social Science History 43, no. 4 (2019): 813–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2019.37.
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ABSTRACTThis work examines the creation and development of the Monte Pío Militar, a permanent public pension system that was established for the widows and other relatives of deceased naval officers who had been in the Spanish Navy. This system was not a mutualist experiment, but rather constitutes an innovative example of an institutional protective organization that was based on objective principles and supported by an impersonal agent: the state. The article is divided into three parts. The first section studies the formal organization of the Monte Pío Militar between 1761, when the system was instituted, and 1900, when the welfare state truly began to take shape in Spain. The second part focuses on the rudimentary protection system that the navy had operated during the previous period (c. 1730–61) and the first steps of the Monte Pío Militar (1761–1800); this section is particularly interesting, for it examines how the previous system was superseded by new measures, criteria, and values. The third part examines both how the pension system was applied and its impact on the families that benefited from it during the nineteenth century. This will illustrate how the families soon internalized the idea that pensions were a reflection of the state’s duty to protect them, while the legal principles behind the system and the bureaucratic protocol built around it were progressively consolidated.
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Garcia Martin, Alberto, Eduardo J. Fernandez Rodriguez, Celia Sanchez Gomez, and Maria I. Rihuete Galve. "Study on the Socio-Economic Impact of Cancer Disease on Cancer Patients and Their Relatives." Healthcare 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122370.
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Background: Cancer is one of the most relevant social and health problems in the world. The disease entails additional costs for cancer patients and their families that are not covered by the public part of our welfare state, and which they assume themselves simply because they are ill. The main objective of this study is to identify and analyse the additional cost and socioeconomic impact of cancer disease on patients diagnosed with cancer disease and their families. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional randomised observational epidemiological study without replacement with prevalence of cancer disease in the study base, carried out in the Medical Oncology Service of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Spain. Results: The study variable has been the additional cost of the cancer disease for cancer patients and their families that is not covered by our autonomous health system. Conclusions: Cancer disease entails an additional cost for the patient and family; more specifically, for 55% of the patients in the study sample, the diagnosis of cancer represents extra expenditure of between 8.38–9.67% of their annual income. Furthermore, the disability and dependence of patients does not represent an additional cost due to their levels of functionality, but it can have repercussions on the future cost of the evolution of the disease, in addition to the fact of having cancer.
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del Álamo-Gómez, Nuria, Estrella Montes-López, and Eva María Picado-Valverde. "461 - Social services for neurodegenerative patients and their families." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220003130.
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Introduction:Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are the most important cause of dependency in the world. The care of these patients is mostly assumed by their families. As a result, their family quality of life (FQoL) may be affected, decreasing their well-being, and modifying their habits and normal functioning. FQoL is a multidimensional concept, composed of different aspects that determine the life situation of each family, being these components both objective and subjective. Thus, the FQoL will depend on being able to access to support services that respond to the individual needs of all members and that this is adequate to adapt the environment and lifestyle to the demands of the disease. Public administrations are responsible for covering the socio-health support needs of people with ND and their families.Objective:The objective of this research is to analyse whether the currently available social services are in accordance with the Family Life Quality model.Method:A descriptive analysis of the support offered by the public services of the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León (Spain) to people with ND and their families has been carried out, analysing its correspondence with the dimensions of the Quality of Family Life Survey of Brown and collaborators (2006): health of the family, financial well-being, family relationships, informal support, support from care services, the influence of values, leisure and community interaction.Results:The research results suggest that 1) most public services are aimed exclusively at the care of the person with ND; 2) these supports address the needs of the financial well-being, family relations and community interaction dimensions; 3) these are mainly aimed at supporting the situation when the illness worsens; 4) the limited specific services for families support them in the enjoyment of leisure and financial well-being.Conclusion:The public welfare system of Castilla y León does not consider the family of people with ND as the target of its support services, but the person with ND declared as a dependent. Thus, it does not offer support services aimed at satisfying some needs linked to the dimensions of the FQoL model.
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Pape, Ulla, Rafael Chaves-Ávila, Joachim Benedikt Pahl, Francesca Petrella, Bartosz Pieliński, and Teresa Savall-Morera. "Working under pressure: economic recession and third sector development in Europe." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2016): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2016-0010.
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Purpose – The context conditions for third sector organizations (TSOs) in Europe have significantly changed as a result of the global economic crisis, including decreasing levels of public funding and changing modes of relations with the state. The effect of economic recession, however, varies across Europe. The purpose of this paper is to understand why this is the case. It analyses the impact of economic recession and related policy changes on third sector development in Europe. The economic effects on TSOs are thereby placed into a broader context of changing third sector policies and welfare state restructuring. Design/methodology/approach – The paper focusses on two research questions: how has the changing policy environment affected the development of the third sector? And what kind of strategies have TSOs adopted to respond to these changes? The paper first investigates general trends in Europe, based on a conceptual model that focusses on economic recession and austerity policies with regard to the third sector. In a second step of analysis, the paper provides five country case studies that exemplify policy changes and responses from the third sector in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Findings – The paper argues that three different development paths can be identified across Europe. In some countries (France and Spain), TSOs face a strong effect of economic recession. In other countries (Germany and Poland) the development of the third sector remains largely stable, albeit at different levels, whereas in the Netherlands, TSOs rather experience changes in the policy environment than a direct impact of economic decline. The paper also shows that response strategies of the third sector in Europe depend on the context conditions. The paper is based on the European project “Third Sector Impact.” It combines an analysis of statistical information with qualitative data from interviews with third sector representatives. Originality/value – The paper contributes to our understanding of the interrelation between economic recession, long-term policy changes and third sector development in Europe.
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Foncubierta-Rodriguez, María José, Rafael Ravina-Ripoll, Eduardo Ahumada-Tello, and Luis Bayardo Tobar-Pesantez. "Are Spanish public employees happier in their job performance in the era of Industry 4.0?" 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(97).
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Since the end of the 20th century, economists have been attracted to the study of the economics of happiness (e.g., Singh, & Alexandrova, 2020; Crespo & Mesurado, 2015; Ferrer-i-Carbonell,2013). The use of the term happiness characterizes an essential volume of this bibliographical production as a synonym for the words satisfaction, well-being, or quality of life (Teixeira&Vasque, 2020; Carlquist et al., 2017). Under this umbrella, the culture of happiness management teaches us that a management model or direction oriented to the holistic search for happiness or job satisfaction of its employees is one of the essential axial pieces that organizations have to increase the commitment of their human capital, and therefore, their productivity and business performance (Ravina et al., 2019). Public administration employees are not exempt from this reality, a group that is characterized by job stability compared to private company employees. This article is dedicated to them. The era of Industry 4.0 is a period that is characterized, among other things, by the high precariousness of labor that is originated by the implementation of management models in advanced economies. This phenomenon is derived from the technological point of view by the automation and massive robotization of production processes and the supply chain. Together with the digitalization of companies, both factors are very present in the ecosystems of the Covid-19, and have come, perhaps, to stay in the future (Bragazzi, 2020; Ghadge et al., 2020). In line with the above, a more holistic examination of this issue seems likely to show that there is a keen interest among people to enter into Work mostly in public administrations, in search of a permanent contract for their entire working life. As is known, this is especially true in countries with high unemployment levels, such as Spain. Its unemployment rate is 20.1% in mid-2020. In the collective imagination of these individuals, there is the conviction that this type of Work constitutes ambrosia of eudaimonic happiness, job security, and quality of life, especially at present, in times of the Covid-19 pandemic (Fernández-Urbano, & Kulic, 2020). In this sense, it should be noted that in the last decades of the 21st century, there has been a growing interest in researching public employees' job satisfaction (e.g., Ryu&Bae, 2020; Steijn &Van der Voet, 2019; Luechinge et al., 2010). Most of the studies carried out on this scientific topic to date show empirically that public sector workers are happier than individuals in the private sphere. It's basically due to the intrinsic benefits (flexibility, vacation, or family reconciliation, among others) that this type of government entity offers concerning for-profit organizations (e.g., Lahat&Ofek, 2020; Sánchez-Sánchez, & Puente, 2020; Danzer,2019). In this context, this article aims to examine, as a priority in the era of Industry 4.0, whether there are observed differences in the levels of congratulations between human capital working in the private sector and that working in the public sector in Spain, by analyzing a set of variables that define positions: hours, salary, stability, promotion, and stress. Finally, we must indicate, on the one hand, that the choice of this spatial framework is motivated by the scarce literature investigating the happiness of Spanish public employees in an economy with high levels of youth unemployment (Núñez-Barriopedro et al., 2020). On the other hand, the results achieved in this study may be useful in the future for the implementation of public policies aimed at significantly promoting the welfare of working citizens through the happiness management approach (Ravina-Ripoll et al., 2019), or for taking this management concept to private companies to increase the motivation of their employees (Foncubierta-Rodríguez & Sánchez-Montero, 2019). Keywords: Happiness, human resources, Industry 4.0, public sector.
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Rubio Pérez, Laureano M. "Barbers, Doctors and Healers: Community Welfare and the Health System in the North-West of Spain – The Province of Leon – During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for the History of Public Health 9, no. 1 (November 24, 2010): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/hygiea.1403-8668.109179.
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