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Journal articles on the topic 'Public welfare – Italy'
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1
Auteri, Monica, and Fabrizio Antolini. "Geographical Redistribution and Public Pensions: The Case of Italy." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 21, no. 2 (October 1, 2003): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569203x15668905422045.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the effects of selected Italian welfare instruments, such as the seniority pensions and the early retirement pensions. The main instruments of the Italian welfare state are described, distinguishing between assistance and insurance transfers. With a cluster analysis, the distribution of specific welfare instruments among Italian regions is thoroughly investigated and then the link between retirement decisions and the selected welfare instruments is assessed. T h e main hypothesis under investigation is that the relatively easy access to various social transfer programs enabled certain categories of older workers to withdraw from the labor market. In this framework, Italian public pensions played a prominent role in the transfer programs becoming the improper device used by the Italian government to cope with unemployment problems.
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BIFULCO, LAVINIA, and TOMMASO VITALE. "Contracting for Welfare Services in Italy." Journal of Social Policy 35, no. 3 (June 26, 2006): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279406009895.
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The 1990s witnessed the spread and broadening in Europe of different types of relationships between public administration and private organisations (both for-profit and non-profit), derived from the two main categories of contracting out and accreditation. These models, linked to the process of developing new modes of governance, also focus on forms of contracting between providers and users of services. This contractual configuration of local welfare systems appears to encourage ‘civil society’ and recipients to play a more active role in designing interventions and putting them into practice. Nonetheless, several questions still remain to be answered, mainly concerning the different position adopted by the beneficiaries in the case of intervention theoretically aimed at ensuring or increasing their ‘freedom of choice’. This article sets out to analyse these questions with specific reference to the implementation of the Italian legal reform of social services. The field of observation covers interventions based on economic benefits looking to promote recipients' independence. Our intention is to focus on whether and how the present structures incorporate and elaborate this impulse towards change, with particular reference to the new configuration of the users' own position.
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Bifulco, Lavinia. "Becoming Public Notes on Governance and Local Welfare in Italy." Administration & Society 43, no. 3 (March 18, 2011): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399711400044.
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Perocco, Fabio, and Francesco Della Puppa. "The Racialized Welfare Discourse on Refugees and Asylum Seekers: The Example of “Scroungers” in Italy." Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020059.
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The rise of anti-immigrant racism over the past two decades has taken place through multiple mechanisms and processes, including the resurgence of welfare racism, which has been re-functionalized towards refugees and asylum seekers. As a key weapon of today’s sovereignism and white supremacism, the “return” of welfare racism is intrinsic to the rise of neo-liberal racism and is an integral part of a global process of erosion of social rights, weakening of social citizenship, and dismantling of the welfare state. Welfare racism—a combination of racial discrimination in the welfare system and racialized welfare discourse—operates through discriminatory laws and measures related to social benefits and through public discourses depicting refugees, immigrants, and people of color as parasites and scroungers sponging off the welfare state. The resurgence of welfare racism in the last decade has seen the specific spread of welfare racism against refugees and asylum seekers as part of the dual war on asylum and on the welfare state. This article examines the ideological-discursive dimension of welfare racism (that is, the public discourses, rhetoric, and images), first analyzing the development, dimensions, and characteristics of racialized welfare discourse more generally, then focusing on racialized welfare discourses about refugees and asylum seekers in contemporary Italy. It explores the arguments and conceptual metaphors of the racialized welfare discourse on asylum seekers, revealing the devices and dynamics at play in the construction of the refugee as a “scrounger” and welfare abuser. Furthermore, it highlights the consequences of racialized welfare discourse on public policies (particularly on social policies and welfare controls), on migration policies (particularly on immigration controls and internal controls), and on the relationship between citizens and migrants, receiving societies, and newcomers.
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Paniga, Massimiliano. "Public Health Institutions in Italy in the 20th Century." Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies 8, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajms.8-2-3.
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Only recently studied by Italian historiography, public health is one of the most important sectors of a modern Welfare system. During the Twentieth century Italy faced the hygienic and sanitary problem often with different ways and tools than other European countries. The aim of this article is to understand better the attitude and the development of the main public health institutions, both at the central and peripheral level, during the three great phases that marked the history of Italy in the last century: the liberal age, fascism and the Republic, as well as to highlight the organisations, men and structures that exercised decisive functions in the bureaucratic and administrative State machine. The essay focuses on the most significative legislative measures (for example, the “Testi Unici” of 1907 and 1934) and the turning points that have changed the sector on the institutional plan, from the creation of the Directorate-General for Public Health inside the Ministry of the Interior, and destined to remain for the entire Fascist period, to the birth, in the post-war years, of the High Commission for Hygiene and Public Health, then replaced by the Ministry of Health, until the establishment of the National Health Service in 1978. Keywords: Welfare State, social policies, public health, assistance, institutions
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Siza, Remo. "Narrowing the gap: the middle class and the modernization of welfare in Italy." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 1/2 (March 12, 2018): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2017-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a contribution to our understanding of the changing relations of the middle classes with the Italian welfare state. The paper argues that the new interplay between public and private welfare is based on a very simplified analysis of Italian society. Design/methodology/approach The paper aims to integrate a variety of different theoretical approaches. The paper makes extensive use of the EU-SILC database, as well as the recently updated historic series of consumer studies undertaken by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. The data used in the paper were also drawn from the biennial cross-sectional Survey on Household Income and Wealth carried out by the Bank of Italy. Findings The analysis suggests that the problems of Italian society include not only a high incidence of poverty, but also increasing financial constraints for households placed between the established middle class and people in conditions of persistent poverty. The current public-private mix in service delivery appears less and less capable of protecting this social stratum against the growing risk of instability across all life domains, let alone of creating opportunities and fostering social mobility. Originality/value The paper explores some ways in which current politics of welfare have been designed with the view of fundamentally changing the welfare regime. It highlights how the public and private welfare mix has been purposefully organized in order to introduce a new model of social protection that aims to overcome certain specific characteristics of Southern European welfare states. It examines the sustainability of this model compared to the real living conditions of the Italian middle classes.
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Guazzaloca, Giulia. "‘In the name of justice and compassion’: animal protection in Italy during the Liberal Age (1861-1914)." Modern Italy 22, no. 3 (August 2017): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2017.36.
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This essay reconstructs the emergence of a growing sensitivity towards animal welfare in Italy during the so-called ‘liberal’ years. An examination of the origins and activities of animal protection societies, the debate on use of animals for scientific experimentation, and the earliest provisions for animal protection, reveals a growing concern for animal welfare in Italy too during the course of the twentieth century. This was channelled by the liberal-bourgeois values of the time: public decency, moderation, and goodwill towards animals as well as humans were all seen as signs of ‘civilisation’ and ‘progress’. It was claimed that foreign influence, particularly British, was of vital importance in such developments in Italy, including both the thoughts of the anti-vivisectionists and the work and propaganda of the societies for animal protection. This essay also examines the 1913 Law, which was the first important Italian legislation governing animal welfare and protection.
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Miele, M., I. Veissier, A. Evans, and R. Botreau. "Animal welfare: establishing a dialogue between science and society." Animal Welfare 20, no. 1 (February 2011): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600002475.
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AbstractFarm animal welfare has become an important issue for the European public, especially in the last two decades when a number of crises (eg Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Avian Influenza) have affected farm animal populations. Public concern about this issue led the European Union to fund the Welfare Quality® project. This project aimed to develop a protocol for assessing animal welfare on farms and at slaughter plants, to identify the main animal welfare problems, and to address possible welfare improvement strategies. In fulfilling these aims, the Welfare Quality® project incorporated inputs from both science and society. This was crucial, as the public perception of what constitutes ‘animal welfare’ sometimes differs from animal science-based definitions. Furthermore, these differences are often interwoven with broader variations in ethical- and value-based understandings about human/non-human animal relationships. This paper presents the steps that we adopted to establish a dialogue between science and society during the construction of the Welfare Quality® assessment protocols. This dialogue involved numerous interactions between animal scientists, social scientists and members of the public. These interactions took several forms, including: meetings, conferences, workshops, websites, newsletters, interviews, focus groups, and citizen and farmers juries. Here, we address four key moments within this dialogue: the development of the initial list of twelve welfare criteria; the consumer focus groups; the development of the Welfare Quality® scoring system; and the citizen juries. In particular, we focus on the results of the focus groups and citizen juries. The focus groups were conducted in France, Italy, Sweden, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Hungary and the citizen juries were carried out in Italy, the United Kingdom, and Norway. Drawing on this research, we highlight the similarities and differences between societal understandings of farm animal welfare and the views of scientific experts. Furthermore, and crucially, we outline how the animal scientists took account of societal opinion when developing their farm animal welfare assessment tools.
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Fazzi, Luca. "L'evoluzione dei rapporti tra enti pubblici e nonprofit nel settore dell'assistenza in Italia: nodi e prospettive." ECONOMIA PUBBLICA, no. 5 (September 2009): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ep2008-005004.
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- Since the 1990s Italy has experienced a strong expansion in social enterprises and in the third sector. Empirical literature has focused overall on the economic and employment dimensions of the third sector's role in the economy of social care. However, in the last years little has been written about the empirical process of evolution of the welfare mix in Italy. To address this need, the paper analyzes the recent dynamics of the relations between public agencies and nonprofit enterprises. The central conclusion emerging from this analysis is that the evolution of nonprofit in Italy still suffers from a number of drawbacks and limitations, while the regulative approach to the welfare mix is only partially appropriate to enforce the advantages of nonprofit enterprises in a modern economy of welfare.JEL L300
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Seung Yoon, Lee, and Kim Yun Young. "Precarious Working Youth and Pension Reform in the Republic of Korea and Italy." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 28, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps28303.
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This paper focuses on two aspects of the welfare state: the old agepension system and the labor market, where the majority of youth are workingin precarious jobs. We discuss the interplay between pension funds and theincrease in young atypical workers by studying the case of Italy and the Republicof Korea, closely analyzing the projected benefit level of both standard and nonstandard workers among the youth population in Korea in order to assess whereyoung workers will find themselves after retirement age and what Korea canlearn from the case of Italy.
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Lodigiani, Rosangela, and Luca Pesenti. "Public Resources Retrenchment and Social Welfare Innovation in Italy: Welfare Cultures and the Subsidiarity Principle in Times of Crisis." Journal of Contemporary European Studies 22, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2014.903833.
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Morano, Pierluigi, Francesco Tajani, and Marco Locurcio. "Land Use, Economic Welfare and Property Values." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2015100102.
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In the paper an analysis of functional correlations of property prices with the main locational and socio-economic variables, which generally contribute to define the market value of properties, has been developed. Locational characteristics are represented by the surfaces of soil used for the main functions, borrowing the logic of the system of classification of CORINE Land Cover (European Commission). The analysis has been contextualized to the 258 municipalities of the Apulia region (Southern Italy), and has been referred to two different moments (years 2006 and 2011), and two different market segments (residential and retail). The functional relationships between property prices and explanatory variables considered, estimated through a software that implements a genetic algorithm, are particularly interesting. The methodology outlined constitutes a valuable reference for the definition of models aimed at supporting, in a more rational and convenient way, public planning decisions and private investment choices.
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Bimbi, Franca. "Genre et citoyenneté en Italie." Cahiers du Genre 9, no. 1 (1994): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/genre.1994.939.
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Women's Citizenship and the Welfare State Cultures in Italy. The essay tries to analyse the different phases of women's citizenship in Italy between the post-Second World War period to the forthcoming unification of Europe. It intends to show that over the past fifty years there has been an important change in the ethics of the "gift relationship". From being a model for female identity and a paradigm for solidarity within the family, it has become an important value in the public sphere -thanks to policies of social justice and the development of the right of citizenship. The present phase can be read in two different -but not mutually exclusive -ways. The transformations of the family and the women's presence in political institutions seems to guarantee some important prerogatives for womens. At the same time, the prospect of economic and political crisis brings out the deep contradiction between the promotion of gender equality, the unemployment trends and the New-Right approach to the Welfare state.
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Kılınç, Ramazan, and Carolyn M. Warner. "Micro-Foundations of Religion and Public Goods Provision: Belief, Belonging, and Giving in Catholicism and Islam." Politics and Religion 8, no. 4 (November 25, 2015): 718–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048315000747.
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AbstractWhile debates continue about the relationship between state-provided social welfare and religious charities, and whether organized religions are more capable of providing social welfare than is the public sector, less attention has focused on the question of what motivates religious adherents to contribute to the charitable work of their religions. In this article, we examine how adherents of Catholicism and Islam understand their generosity and its relationship to their faith. Through 218 semi-structured interviews with Catholics and Muslims in four cities in France, Ireland, Italy, and Turkey, we find systematic differences between the two religions. Catholics emphasize love of others and Muslims emphasize duty to God. We also find, contrary to expectations of the literature that emphasizes monitoring and sanctioning within groups to obtain cooperation, that Catholics and Muslims see their generosity as also motivated by the positive affect they feel towards their respective communities.
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Giovanni Lamura. "Ensuring people's welfare in later life: lessons from Italy in pandemic times." Magyar Gerontológia 12 (November 26, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47225/mg/12/kulonszam/8449.
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INRCA IRCCS (National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing), Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, Italy
Key words: residential care, home-based care, migrant carers, COVID-19
In this presentation, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Italian long-term care system will be illustrated, taking specifically into consideration two of its main pillars: residential care and home-based care.
To this purpose, in the introduction the main features of the Italian system will be presented in detail. They include the overwhelming role of cash benefits over the rather marginal presence of in-kind services, and the use of such cash benefits by households to employ, on a private – and often undeclared – basis, care workers, who very often have a migrant background.
Following the introductory section, the impact of the pandemic on the Italian system will be analysed, in terms of hospitalisations, casualties and other effects on both residential and home-based care sectors. This will include an overview of the main challenges experienced by both care recipients and providers, as well as of the main measures adopted by public authorities to address them.
Finally, the contribution will conclude by highlighting the main lessons emerging from the Italian experience, and identifying the main recommendations for the future.
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Protopapa, Venera. "From Legal Mobilization to Effective Migrants’ Rights: The Italian Case." European Public Law 26, Issue 2 (June 1, 2020): 477–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2020052.
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The article analyses the process of legal mobilization for migrants’ rights and investigates how and with what effects, measured in terms of obtaining general policy response and ensuring implementation, legal actors and in particular civil society organizations have mobilized EU, international and domestic legislation on discrimination to promote migrants’ rights in Italy. It focuses in particular on two issues: access to employment in the public sector and access to welfare. Both issues have generated significant levels of litigation in domestic courts, with increasing involvement of civil society organizations. In relation to both, national legislation has been amended, in accordance with EU law, allowing access to employment in the public sector and extending the area of those that have the right to access to social welfare under equal conditions to categories of migrants protected under EU law. The article outlines the EU, International and domestic legislation on non-discrimination and equality for migrants, provides an overview of how litigation has been used to challenge in court the exclusion of migrants from employment in the public sector and welfare, tracks the process that brought to the reform and litigation in the aftermath highlighting the effects of litigation as a means for policy response and implementation. Discrimination, multilevel protection, migrants, welfare, employment, legal mobilization, policy response, implementation, civil society, courts.
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Uleri, Stefano, and Roberto W. Dal Negro. "Asthma and public awareness in Italy: results from CHAOS (Chronic Airway Obstruction Survey)." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2007): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v8i2.243.
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Despite last years advances in asthma knowledge and treatment, its management and control remains a critical issue. Many surveys on general practitioners (GPs) and patients were conducted but no data, in Italy, are collected about the public awareness. The population cognition appears critic on decision maker health programs. This survey, with a face to face questionnaire, explored the perception of social relevance of asthma through the main chronic diseases and tests the disease knowledge in 1161 Italian citizens. Even if the sensibility of asthmatic (82) and their relatives (243) is superior to general population, some critical issues outcrop regarding beliefs, habits and therapy. People not related to asthma have not cognition of social and economic burden. Asthmatic group is not confident with therapy value and possibility to measure organic damage. Educational intervention would be addressed first of all to GPs and then to patients and their relatives, while on the other hand it is important to enhance the public and decision maker sensibility to reduce the disease welfare and social cost.
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Ricciuti, Elisa, and Alex Turrini. "Foundations in Italy: What Roles and Challenges?" American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 13 (May 8, 2018): 1822–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773435.
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This article aims at giving a portrait of Italian philanthropic organizations, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and challenges that philanthropy is facing in Italy compared with Germany and the United States. The article underlines the extreme variety of the philanthropic sector and suggests that Italian foundations still do not exist as a homogeneous group. Rather, as subgroups, some of them have a sort of strong institutional identity (i.e., foundations of banking origin), while others seem to behave very independently and are less open not only to public oversight but also to communication and peer collaboration (i.e., family foundations, private independent foundations). Moreover, the article suggests that the Italian foundation landscape is experiencing a transition toward new institutional regimes, which will be speeded by the capacity of gaining legitimacy and acting as a more unitary group. Opportunities for growth and access to new resources will be possible only if Italian foundations will proactively contribute to the reconfiguration of welfare systems.
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Calabrò, Marco. "Italian regular immigration public policy: between exclusion, assimilation and integration." UNIO – EU Law Journal 3, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.3.2.4.
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The work hereof intends to analyse some profiles of the regular migration phenomenon in Italy, by examining the most recent and relevant regulatory interventions in the welfare sector, both at state and local level. In particular, we intend to demonstrate that at least three approaches regarding the reaction of the legal system towards the access of the “other” currently co-occur in Italy. To this end, the first to be analyzed will be some examples of “exclusionary” operations will be analysed, which are based on the defense of the national cultural identity and the promotion of citizenship in its formal sense (C. Schmitt) – as they are found in several ordinances of local Authorities which restrict access to social rights for foreigners, as well as in some Regional Laws on social welfare. In addition to these exclusionary operations, even a second relational model will be examined, which is inclusive and assimilative, and therefore, opposite to the previous one, while it finds its most clear expression in the Integration Agreement, which an immigrant seeking a residency permit needs to adhere to. Finally, we will focus on a “third way”, inspired by an integrative approach based on the concept of permeable identity (J. Habermas), pursuant to which both they who welcome and who are welcomed are called upon to hold an attitude of mutual listening and understanding, not aimed at the incorporation of the weaker in the stronger, but rather, at the identification of common areas of dialogue that can lead to the best integration possible of two new identities (as both have made contact with the “other”). In this context, this paper aims at enhancing the role of the new public integration policies – especially at the local level – on sustainable development of current pluralist societies. In this regard, the legal instruments which are most effective in terms of developing an approach which is resilient and open-minded to communities that welcome regular immigrants, by facilitating the creation of (institutionalized and spontaneous) moments of dialogue and the sharing of knowledge of each other’s cultures.
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Friz, Dorothea. "Catch Neuter Release and Pet Overpopulation Management in Southern Italy." Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 2, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25889567-12340023.
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Abstract A stray dog problem is not necessarily due to animals not owned. In fact, it can be caused by owned dogs allowed to roam and reproduce freely around the whole territory. And if the authorities limit themselves to the policy of catching the dogs and keeping them in shelters, the problem will never be solved. Instead, the shelters will soon be very overcrowded, with tremendous animal welfare issues for the imprisoned animals and at a very high cost for the public. Spay/neuter and return projects will instead reduce the number of dogs in the territory and are an essential way of keeping constant control. This is what my experience in Southern Italy taught me.
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Natali, David. "Europeanization, policy arenas, and creative opportunism: the politics of welfare state reforms in Italy." Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 6 (January 2004): 1077–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350176042000298110.
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Russo, Federico, and Luca Verzichelli. "Government ideology and party priorities: the determinants of public spending changes in Italy." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 46, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2016.3.
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The literature developed by scholars dealing with policy agendas suggests that it is more important to look at changes in governments’ priorities rather than in their ideology, and criticizes the partisan theory as inadequate. However, hypotheses based on conventional wisdom and normative theories, holding that the identity of the governing parties matters for the allocation of public expenditures, are still recurrent in the debate. And many empirical studies found mixed evidence on the importance of party ideology. Focussing on Italy (1948–2009), this article empirically tests whether shifts in governments’ ideology and policy priorities are related to public spending changes in four policy sectors. The results indicate that shifts in governments’ priorities are related with public spending changes in welfare and defence, while they are not relevant to explain changes in public order and education spending. Government ideology is relevant only when it comes to defence spending, but this influence can be hindered by veto players. We argue that these findings do not disprove the importance of partisan politics but warn us against relying too much on the distinction between left and right parties. At the same time, more research is needed to understand under which conditions partisan preferences translate into changing public policies.
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Campra, Maura, Silvana Secinaro, Valerio Brescia, and Cristina Gonçalves Góis. "Redefining the New Public Management and Effects of Indicators: Sustainable Healthcare Mobility." Journal of Management and Sustainability 9, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v9n1p141.
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New Public Management has changed the way we perceive and at the same time govern public health companies. The applied method is quantitative subjective, the theory of New Public Management is redefined. The carried-out elaboration, after having identified the variables considered and the possible mathematical relationship between variables (for example a synthetic index of mobility), defines the relationship between them through linear regression and multivariate statistical analysis. The choice of mobility for acute performance in the ordinary regime between regions in Italy is used as a case study. The challenge of the new millennium is the identification of non-economic indicators useful to support the traditional economic indicators that are not always representative of the real welfare of the population in a modern redefinition of New Public Management approach.
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Miyazaki, Rie. "Long-Term Care and the State–Family Nexus in Italy and Japan—The Welfare State, Care Policy and Family Caregivers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 22, 2023): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032027.
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This study aims to identify the state–family nexus in long-term care (LTC) provision for older adults in Italy and Japan which have been considered to be a familialistic welfare state and the most ageing societies in the world. Based on the more developed theoretical approach of the familialism–defamilialization continuum of care, represented by Saraceno (2016), the public policy systems as well as the LTC provision and the work–LTC reconciliation of family caregivers in particular, were compared between Italy and Japan. While both countries have lower level of institutional care, and particularly high proportions of family caregivers with relatively heavy care burdens, the share of cash-based and home care as well as the age range and family relationship of family caregivers significantly differ. Focusing on the peculiarities of LTC that the state–(market) –family cannot always be clearly separated, this study identified that the size of public expenditure, i.e., the role of the state does not immediately lead to a defamililization of care. This can contribute to the policy making for care provision and work–LTC reconciliation in several countries that will become super-aging societies in the coming decades.
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Pirrone, Federica, Chiara Mariti, Angelo Gazzano, Mariangela Albertini, Claudio Sighieri, and Silvana Diverio. "Attitudes toward Animals and Their Welfare among Italian Veterinary Students." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010019.
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As members of the public and the veterinary profession are increasingly concerned about animal welfare, there has been an increased scholarly interest in the attitudes of veterinarians and students toward animals, as these may impact human behavior, which ultimately impacts animal welfare. Here we investigated Italian veterinary students’ demographic data and perceptions about nonhuman animal welfare issues that might be predictive of their attitudes. A survey eliciting information about demographics, knowledge, experience, and perceptions regarding different categories of animals, and including the Animal Attitude Scale (AAS), was administered to undergraduate veterinary medicine students in three Italian universities. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In total, 876 students completed the questionnaire, with females (75.1%) making up a majority of students in all years of the course. Although veterinary students showed pro-animal welfare attitudes (mean score = 64.20 ± 0.24 out of 100), the findings suggested that year of study, gender, and geographical location had a significant impact (p < 0.05). In this study, we found a set of factors that, either individually or combined, help predict a student’s attitude toward animal welfare issues, which will be useful in improving the curriculum strategy in veterinary education in Italy.
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Dorigatti, Lisa, Anna Mori, and Stefano Neri. "Public, private or hybrid? Providing care services under austerity: the case of Italy." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 11/12 (June 8, 2020): 1279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2019-0037.
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PurposeThe paper examines the different trajectories of externalisation and the development of different kinds of welfare mix in three different sub-sectors of socio-educational services: long-term care for the elderly, early childhood services and kindergartens. By integrating the industrial relations and comparative public administration literatures, it analyses the different rationales underpinning contracting-out decisions of Italian local governments.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a multi-method, multi-level approach: quantitative data on the provision of socio-educational services and the nature of the providers are combined with the analysis of 12 case studies of municipalities through 80 semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis.FindingsThe paper argues that differentials in labour regulation across the public/private divide and the consequent possibility to access labour markets characterised by cheaper labour and higher organisational flexibility are a key explanation in local governments' decisions to outsource. Despite labour market factors playing a prominent role, their relevance is significantly tempered by political and social factors and particularly by the strong opposition of citizens, personnel and trade unions to pure market solutions in the provision of such services. However, the centrality of these factors depends on the nature of the services: political sensibility against privatisation proved to be stronger in kindergartens, while services for the elderly were more frequently and less contentiously privatised.Originality/valueThe main contribution is the integration of the two research traditions to analyse patterns of outsourcing in the socio-educational services in Italy, showing that neither of them is able, alone, to explain the different private/public mix characterising different social and educational services.
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Raitano, Michele. "L'opting out dalla previdenza pubblica a quella privata e le scelte di adesione dei lavoratori del Regno Unito." ECONOMIA PUBBLICA, no. 5 (September 2009): 153–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ep2008-005007.
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The economic policy debate on the pension system's reform process in Italy has been on the forefront for more than a decade, and an increase in the role of funded private pillars has been often suggested. In this paper we focus on a specific way for enlarging such pillars: the partial opting out proposal, i.e. the chance for individuals to voluntarily devolve part of the contribution due to «pay as you go» public schemes to funded private ones. We argue that, if enrolment in different pension schemes is significantly related to individuals' socio-economic status, the introduction of opting out could result in population segmentation, weakening the social cohesion lying at the basis of a universal welfare state. We focus on the pension system of the UK, where voluntarily opting out from public second pillar towards private pension funds has been possible since the mid 1980s, and we study by means of an econometric analysis if the choice of pension enrolment of British workers are significantly related to their socio-economic status.JEL H55Keywords: sistemi e riforme previdenziali, opting out, welfare state, Regno Unito
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Penne, Tess, Tine Hufkens, Tim Goedemé, and Bérénice Storms. "To what extent do welfare states compensate for the cost of children? The joint impact of taxes, benefits and public goods and services." Journal of European Social Policy 30, no. 1 (August 29, 2019): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928719868458.
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In order to alleviate child poverty, contemporary European welfare states have shifted their focus increasingly towards child-centred investment strategies. However, studies examining the generosity of welfare states to families with children focus mainly on cash benefit packages, or on government expenditure, while not taking into account the actual out-of-pocket costs families have to make to fulfil their needs. This article aims at contributing to existing studies by: (1) empirically assessing the needs and costs of children across welfare states by making use of cross-nationally comparable reference budgets, while taking into account publicly provided or subsidised services; (2) simulating the cash benefits and taxes that affect households with children through the tax–benefit system, by making use of the new Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT) in EUROMOD; and (3) combining both types of information in order to compare the essential out-of-pocket costs for children between 6 and 18 years old with the simulated cash benefit packages. We propose a new indicator that can be used to assess welfare state generosity to families with children: the child cost compensation indicator. The use of the indicator is empirically illustrated by comparing six European welfare states: Belgium, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy and Spain. The article shows that, even though with important cross-national variation, cash transfers generally amount to less than 60 percent of the cost of children. Although in five out of six countries support for families is higher at the lower end of the income distribution, for households living on a low gross wage, the income of a family with children is less adequate compared to a similar childless family and is in many cases insufficient to participate adequately in society.
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Guazzaloca, Giulia. "‘Anyone who Abuses Animals is no Italian’: Animal Protection in Fascist Italy." European History Quarterly 50, no. 4 (October 2020): 669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691420960672.
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This article examines the animal protection policies in fascist Italy, placing them in the more general framework of Mussolini’s political and economic strategies and the history of Italian animal advocacy, which began in the second half of the nineteenth century. Focusing on fascist propaganda campaigns on animal welfare, legislation on animal experimentation and slaughter, state reorganization of animal protection societies, which were incorporated in 1938 into the Ente nazionale fascista per la protezione animale, the article aims to show the conceptual and political basis of fascist activism in the prevention of cruelty to animals. Far from being based on the recognition of animals as sentient individuals, it was determined by specifically human interests: autarky and economic efficiency, public morality, the primacy of ‘fascist civilization’, and the regime’s totalitarian design.
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Mariano, Carmela, Ignacio Gràvalos Lacambra, and Patrizia Di Monte. "Open Urban Space Regeneration Strategies Based on Urban Welfare: A Project and Experiment in the San Lorenzo District in Rome, Italy." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416487.
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The current socio-economic dynamics and the consequences induced by the pandemic emergency have generated a reflection on the need to recover the dimension of proximity and to share resources, spaces, infrastructures, and experiences. This solicits a remodelling of the system of public open spaces, based on a resilient, adaptive model; multifunctional and linked to the temporality of the functions that spaces can accommodate. The paper deals with the issues of planning and design of public open spaces around the needs of proximity and welfare. This is achieved through collecting and systematizing state of the art concepts on the role of public space within the urban structure of the city, and the formulation of guidelines for design, deduced from an empirical application conducted on a pilot district in the city of Rome. The paper aims to suggest to policymakers and planners a new approach and a path for future research and practice in the planning and design of more sustainable and inclusive green areas and public spaces, meeting the diverse needs of citizens. We undertook this objective through the experimental application of an intervention methodology on the public space system of the San Lorenzo neighbourhood in Rome.
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Casanova, Georgia, Mirko Di Rosa, Oliver Fisher, and Giovanni Lamura. "Between Migrant Care Work and New Occupational Welfare Tools: Changing Home Care Arrangements in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 5511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155511.
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Austerity measures on services provision, introduced due to recent economic crises, have stimulated the search for innovative welfare solutions, including options that are not directly or entirely funded by public sources. In Italy, recent legislation has promoted the development of occupational welfare (OW) measures, aimed at strengthening the supply of services to support employees with informal (elder) care responsibilities. This paper aims to describe how the newly introduced OW schemes might innovate existing care arrangements, by identifying their impact on the different actors involved in home care provision (care recipients, family carers, home care service providers and migrant care workers), as well as at a macro level in terms of promoting social innovation. The international relevance of the Italian case comes from the fact that it is one of the more representative familistic care regimes, largely characterized by home care provided by informal carers and migrant care workers (MCW). The importance of Italian OW schemes is increasing, and in 2018 their presence in company-level bargaining agreements grew by more than 15%. A rapid review of the literature and expert interviews allowed us to describe the complex Italian OW schemes system, and to identify the positive implications of their application for the country’s long-term care (LTC) context, underlining what makes these measures a clear example of “social innovation” likely to have a future positive impact on home-based care in Italy.
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Ranci, Costanzo. "The third sector in welfare policies in Italy: the contradictions of a protected market." Voluntas 5, no. 3 (October 1994): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02354035.
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Dalla Villa, P., P. Migliaccio, I. Innocenti, M. Nardoia, and D. C. Lafiandra. "Companion Animals Welfare in Non-Epidemic Emergencies: The Case of Central Italy, Post-Earthquake 2016/2017." Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 253–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25889567-12340012.
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Abstract Among the several factors affecting animal welfare, non-epidemic emergencies are very stressful events. In the aftermath of earthquakes or during flooding, snowstorms and wildfires, companion animals are subject to injuries and deep stress, abandonment or loss resulting in the overcrowding of animal shelters, or in emergent free-roaming populations representing a potential public health threat to the affected communities. The loss of animals often also results in significant psychological trauma for their guardians. For these reasons in all phases of calamities, the care of companion animals becomes essential. This paper describes the activities that were carried out for the veterinary care of dogs and cats affected by the earthquakes that occurred in central Italy from August 2016 to January 2017. These disasters provided an opportunity to test an integrated emergency management system in which several actors participated to aid, assist and accommodate the companion animals, whether owned or strays, affected by the catastrophic events.
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Padalino, Barbara, Roberta Barrasso, Daniele Tullio, Martina Zappaterra, Leonardo Nanni Costa, and Giancarlo Bozzo. "Protection of Animals during Transport: Analysis of the Infringements Reported from 2009 to 2013 during On-Road Inspections in Italy." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020356.
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Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 requires that vehicles that are transporting animals be subjected to checks conducted by competent authorities. Yearly, each member state sends a report to the European government on the infringements that have been discovered during on-road inspections. The reports that were published by the Italian Ministry of Public Health from 2009 to 2013 were analyzed. Possible associations between the type of infringement (related to animal welfare (AW), vehicle (V) and accompanying documents (D)), year, season, transported species, place of inspection, and competent authorities were identified. A total of 985 infringements were analyzed, with some vehicles receiving more than one (mean: 1.58; max: 9). A score (from 1 to 3) that was related to the severity of the infringements was created. In 2009 and 2010, there was a 50% higher probability of encountering penalties of a lower severity (D or V) than in 2011 (p < 0.0001). Vehicles that were transporting pigs showed the highest probability of committing animal welfare-related infringements (odds ratio (OR) = 3.85, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.82–8.76, p < 0.0001). Vehicles were four times more likely to suffer animal welfare-related penalties when traffic police worked in synergy with veterinary services (OR = 4.12, 95%CI = 1.70–11.13, p = 0.0005). Vehicles that were transporting Equidae and “other species,” including pets, for commercial purposes were more likely to be fined for a lack or incompleteness of the veterinary documents than those transporting cattle (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively). This study gives statistical evidence of the implementation of EC 1/2005. The training of transporters and drivers on how to manage transport in an animal welfare-friendly manner and a standardized method on how to conduct road inspections among competent authorities are recommended.
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Fonio, Chiara, and Stefano Agnoletto. "Surveillance, Repression and the Welfare State: Aspects of Continuity and Discontinuity in post-Fascist Italy." Surveillance & Society 11, no. 1/2 (May 27, 2013): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v11i1/2.4449.
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This paper seeks to explore political, cultural, legal and socio-economic legacies of the Fascist regime (1922-1943) in Italy. With the fall of the regime, in fact, the overall surveillance apparatus did not fade away. Former fascists were not purged from political and cultural life and very few were found guilty. The transition to democracy was thus marked by a substantial continuity of men and institutions (Della Porta and Reiter 2004) due to the active involvement of ex-OVRA (Organization of Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism) officers in public institutions (Author 2011). It comes as no surprise that forms of pervasive non-technological social control continued for more than twenty years after the fall of the duce. Moreover, police state surveillance was combined with a meaningful continuity in other areas. For instance, the welfare state immediately after World War II was actually based upon the model built during Fascism. The “Fascist Social State” (Silei, 2000) had a corporative and authoritarian inspiration and was a strategy of social control and a tool to create consensus. In the 1950s and 1960s the institutional features of the Italian social security system remained fundamentally unchanged (Giorgi, 2009; Silei, 2000): an excess of bureaucracy and discretionary power; a system based on specific categories of people needing assistance and not on a more universal approach. The Italian post-fascist experience is a paradigmatic case-study that allows us to deal with ambiguities of the welfare state experience, described either as a tool of social control or as a vector of social justice. This paper is an attempt to analyze “social control strategies” in post-Fascist Italy with a focus both on aspects of continuity and on crucial socio-political discontinuities that are often overlooked in the literature.
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Rosenthal, Margaret F. "Veronica Franco's Terze Rime: the Venetian Courtesan's Defense*." Renaissance Quarterly 42, no. 2 (1989): 227–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2861626.
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Against a system of gender ideologies that defined a woman's social position and intellectual pursuits as private, devoted to domestic concerns and the moral welfare of her family, the emergency of the cortigiana onesta, the intellectual courtesan, dramatically calls into question the humanists’ injunction against women's public status and speech. How did Veronica Franco, the foremost example of the cortigiana onesta in sixteenth-century Italy, succeed in infiltrating the “academy of learned men“? Were any restrictions placed upon her professional activities when she vied with men for public recognition and literary commissions? How did social forces contain or compel the courtesan's cultivation of a literary identity in Venetian society? And finally, what were the maneuvers, both personal and professional, that the cortigiana onesta adopted when she obtained entrance into an elite literary circle and allied herself with powerful male patrons and intellectuals?
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Berlanda, Sabrina, Monica Pedrazza, Elena Trifiletti, and Marta Fraizzoli. "Dissatisfaction in Child Welfare and Its Role in Predicting Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction at Work: A Mixed-Method Research." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5249619.
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Child welfare organizations are increasingly concerned with challenges emerging from the assessment of social workers’ dissatisfaction. This type of service represents the work area where social workers are at greater risk of burnout. Although several studies account for high social workers’ burnout scores, they do not systematically dwell upon its sources and roots. In addition, scholars point out that a considerable number of work related issues may be perceived both as a source of dissatisfaction and satisfaction. We assume that there is a need to deepen the understanding of how dissatisfaction’s sources may exert an impact on both personal job satisfaction and professional self-efficacy, which are positively associated with well-being at work. The present mixed-method research has two aims: (1) the extensive exploration, applying qualitative methodology, of the perceived sources of dissatisfaction; (2) the attempt to identify the extent to which those sources predict job satisfaction and professional self-efficacy. It is our purpose to further explore which differences emerge by age. The research involved child welfare workers, that is, SWs employed in public child welfare agencies in the North East of Italy. Results show the predominant role of interpersonal trust and mutual respect, as main predictors of both professional self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Practical implications of findings are discussed.
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Chiatti, Carlos, Gianluca Furneri, Joseph M. Rimland, Federica Demma, Franco Bonfranceschi, Laura Cassetta, Filippo Masera, Antonio Cherubini, Andrea Corsonello, and Fabrizia Lattanzio. "The economic impact of moderate stage Alzheimer's disease in Italy: evidence from the UP-TECH randomized trial." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 9 (April 15, 2015): 1563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021500040x.
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ABSTRACTBackground:There is consensus that dementia is the most burdensome disease for modern societies. Few cost-of-illness studies examined the complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) burden, considering at the same time health and social care, cash allowances, informal care, and out-of-pocket expenditure by families.Methods:This is a comprehensive cost-of-illness study based on the baseline data from a randomized controlled trial (UP-TECH) enrolling 438 patients with moderate AD and their primary caregiver living in the community.Results:The societal burden of AD, composed of public, patient, and informal care costs, was about €20,000/yr. Out of this, the cost borne by the public sector was €4,534/yr. The main driver of public cost was the national cash-for-care allowance (€2,324/yr), followed by drug prescriptions (€1,402/yr). Out-of-pocket expenditure predominantly concerned the cost of private care workers. The value of informal care peaked at €13,590/yr. Socioeconomic factors do not influence AD public cost, but do affect the level of out-of-pocket expenditure.Conclusion:The burden of AD reflects the structure of Italian welfare. The families predominantly manage AD patients. The public expenditure is mostly for drugs and cash-for-care benefits. From a State perspective in the short term, the advantage of these care arrangements is clear, compared to the cost of residential care. However, if caregivers are not adequately supported, savings may be soon offset by higher risk of caregiver morbidity and mortality produced by high burden and stress. The study has been registered on the website www.clinicaltrials.org (Trial Registration number: NCT01700556).
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Baumann, Fabienne-Agnes, and Janis Vossiek. "Changing Skill Formation in Greece and Italy – Crisis-Induced Reforms in Light of Common Institutional Legacies." International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 9, no. 3 (November 9, 2022): 340–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.9.3.3.
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Context: After the Eurozone crisis unfolded a decade ago, comparative political economy has investigated reforms of public administration, labour market, welfare state and economic policy particularly in Southern European nations which were hit hardest by the crisis. However, analyses of skill formation reform, particularly vocational education and training (VET), have been scant, despite a common problem pressure for reforms emanating from stubbornly high rates of youth unemployment and similar legacies of statist VET. Approach: We investigate VET reforms brought underway in Greece and Italy during and in the aftermath of the crisis, asking how far apprenticeship-like forms of learning within their VET systems were strengthened. Empirically, we base our analysis on primary and secondary sources, having conducted semi-structured expert interviews in Greece and Italy in 2019. Results: We find that both countries attempted to strengthen the role of apprenticeship and work-based learning, but that politics differed across the two cases in the context of the Eurozone crisis. While in Italy, reforms were 'internalised' and shaped by domestic politics, Greek reforms were largely driven exogenously by the negotiations with the Troika. Conclusion: Although Italy and Greece have undertaken reforms to reduce the dominance of the state in VET provision by expanding apprenticeships and work-based learning, these do not amount to large scale changes to the dominant logic of school-based VET provision. In order to boost their potential in terms of practical learning both countries would need to continue on their reform pathways.
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Bressan, Edoardo. "Le vie cristiane della sicurezza sociale. I cattolici italiani e il welfare state." SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 3 (January 2013): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2012-003007.
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In Italy, from the 1930s until the end of the century, the relationship between the Catholic world and the development of the Social state becomes a very relevant theme. Social thought and Catholic historiography issues witness a European civilisation crisis, by highlighting problems of poverty and historical forms of assistance. Furthermore, by following the 1931 Pope Pius XI encyclical Quadragesimo anno these issues interacted with fascist corporativism. After 1945, other key experiences arose, as the discussion on social security as the conclusion of the whole public assistance debate shown. These themes are reported in the Bologna social week works in 1949 and in Fanfani's and La Pira's positions, which present several correspondences with British and French worlds, such as Christian socialism, Reinhold Niebuhr's thought and Maritain's remarks. The 1948 Republican Constitution adopts the Welfare State model assumptions, and it is in those very years that the problem of a system based on a universal outlook arose. Afterwards, governments of coalition led by centre and left-wing parties fostered social security through welfare and health reforms until the '80s. While this model falls into crisis, and new social actors begin to be involved in a context of subsidiarity.
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Aronica, Alessandro. "Strengths and weaknesses in the promotion of local employment initiatives: the Italian case." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 4, no. 3 (August 1998): 512–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425899800400309.
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The development of local initiatives aimed at creating employment and increasing social welfare is not, at the moment, an equal opportunity for all European countries. The potential for growth of new social services is affected by various economic and social factors, but the success of any initiative depends on subjective factors like the political environment, the institutional setting, the quality of public bureaucracy, and the dynamism of private entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to discuss which of these subjective factors are strengths and weaknesses in the promotion of local employment initiatives in Italy. The political context has been and may still be a hindrance for the necessary cultural evolution. On the other hand, the current political debate has favoured the move towards an institutional setting that, being characterised by a greater degree of administrative decentralisation, appears to be more consistent with the development of local initiatives. Simple fiscal systems and efficient public administrations are essential prerequisites for demand policies and Italy is just beginning to move in this direction. For the Italian case a major strength relative to other European countries is the dynamism of small private enterprises and, more recently, the development of non-profit-making enterprises. Indeed, a strong impetus for the development of new activities could come from the engagement of the whole cooperative movement.
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Romano, Bernardino, Francesco Zullo, Lorena Fiorini, and Alessandro Marucci. "Molecular No Smart-Planning in Italy: 8000 Municipalities in Action throughout the Country." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 6467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226467.
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This paper discusses the topic of urban and spatial planning in Italy where decision-making is left almost exclusively to the innumerable, small municipalities present in the country and totaling almost 8000 in number. Projects and actions to transform built areas, infrastructure, and welfare services of all sorts and purposes in a national territory of over 300,000 km2 are supervised by countless mayors, municipal councils, and boards that govern plots of land corresponding to polygons of a few kilometers per side. This is generally achieved by means of town plans developed outside of any general rule or protocol, the contents of which are often ignored as a result of national legislation that weakens them and sometimes makes them uninfluential essentially. This is a European example of urban planning mismanagement that deserves to be brought to the broader attention of the European technical and scientific community, also because the debate developed so far on this topic—even by eminent and authoritative urban planners—has been published almost entirely in Italian only. Public and political attention towards this issue is extremely limited, although the severe effects of “molecular planning” are beginning to be perceived: unjustified overurbanization and highly patchy, energy-intensive, urban patterns that are destructive for ecosystems and at odds with public interests regarding environmental and urban quality. In this paper, we make some comparisons with other European countries and outline some directions—certainly very difficult to follow—to reconsider and recover from the adverse effects produced to date.
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Bonfanti, Sara. "From breadwinner to bedridden." Focaal 2022, no. 92 (March 1, 2022): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2022.920104.
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Within transnational labor, the working capital of migrants may recoil as aging and disability occur, crushing people’s everyday life and aspirations. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork with Indo-Pakistani minorities in Brescia, northern Italy, the author queries “a case for affliction,” seeing the experience of a breadwinner’s stroke disrupting his household. While for decades Punjabi diasporas have settled abroad remitting to the homeland, social attainment oft en remains precarious for first-time movers and their off spring. Aft er 20-year residence in a destination country, a migrant father’s collapse rebounds on his kindred, who regrettably turn to local welfare and public housing but also readjust personal desires toward sustainable family care. Intersectional analysis abets the participants’ narratives in challenging any set “sense of inequality,” embodied, and embedded in run-of-the-mill racialized capitalism.
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Migliaccio, Paolo, Maria Nardoia, Luigi Possenti, and Paolo Dalla Villa. "Veterinary Public Health Activities and Management of the Livestock Sector during Earthquakes and Snowstorms in the Abruzzo Region—Italy, January 2017." Animals 8, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8110218.
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In 2017 the Abruzzo region, located in central Italy, was struck by a sequence of four moderately powerful seismic events (5.0 magnitude on Richter scale), in addition to heavy snowfall that caused a state of emergency affecting the resident population and farm animals. A total of 282 stables were reported to have collapsed or been damaged and several animals (224 cows, 4025 ewes, 40,725 chickens, 22 horses and 3092 pigs) were killed. The Istituto Zooprofilattico of Abruzzo and Molise “G. Caporale” (IZSAM)—National Reference Center for Veterinary Urban Hygiene and Non-Epidemic Emergencies (IUVENE), played a crucial role in planning, coordinating and controlling veterinary activities during these catastrophic events. Operational and information tools were used to manage the needs of the communities involved, as well as to prioritize the veterinary interventions, record information, provide real-time data access, and produce reporting maps and Geographic Information System (GIS) layers. These events have highlighted how the integration of veterinary services into disaster management efforts can play an important role in protecting the health and welfare of animals, whilst also restoring economic activity and community life.
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Lekka, Anastasia Chr. "How Memoranda of Understanding Have Affected EU Democratic Institutions in Southern EU Countries." International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (August 10, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i2.11692.
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The recent recession having emerged in 2007 has been the worst economic downturn since the time of Great Depression of 1929 in USA and spread across the European continent. In many European countries this led to severe sovereign debt crisis beginning in 2010 and was followed by implementation of austerity measures with significant impact on public, social and employment sector. Those tough austerity measures resulted in structural reforms of welfare and labor market especially in Southern EU countries like Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Italy representing the most prominent examples. These policies were imposed to a large extend through the so called “Troika” which was an interaction between internal EU and external Organizations, like the European Union, the European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund respectively.Citizens realize that their national economic institutions are no longer responsible for the decision making on major social and economic policies, on economic and welfare policies, on privatization and sale of public assets. Consequently, citizens tend to question if this constrained democracy deserves further support. This is enhanced by the fact that National Parliaments no longer develop policies but rather align with policies dictated by the above stated Institutions and are forced to accept such deals without asking the opinion of citizens. Nevertheless the EU intends to promote civil society participation in decision making and program policies applied. This contradiction needs to be analyzed in order to determine if there is a democratic deficit in EU member states.
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Piazza, Gianni. "Not only students, but also not enough: the waves of protest in the higher education in Italy." International Review of Social Research 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/irsr-2018-0008.
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Abstract In time of economic crisis, since the 2008 credit crunch, many Western and European countries entered in the “age of austerity” characterized by the imposition of unprecedented large cuts in welfare state provision. Even the public education institutions have been affected by government policies characterized by budget cuts, neoliberal private-oriented reforms and increase in tuition fees for students. In reaction to this, in the following years, various global waves of protests have arisen in many countries all over the world. Differently from the past, not only students have promoted these mobilizations, although they are majority, but also the education systems workforce: from professors/teachers to permanent and precarious researchers, from temporary workers to technical- administrative employees. Although these mobilizations have had specific characteristics related to the national contexts, they have shared common aspects as the defence of public education and the refusal of the commercialization/marketization and privatization process. In this paper I focus on the mobilizations in the higher education system occurred in Italy. The most important waves of protests were in 2008-2010 against the budget cuts and the university neoliberal reform promoted by the former centre-right Education Minister Gelmini. If in the 2008, students and precarious workers mainly promoted the Anomalous Wave movement, so called for its unpredictability, in the 2010, beyond the students, the open-ended researchers were the main protagonists. Notwithstanding the mass participation and the sympathy of part of the public opinion, the reform and the cuts were approved and then, the mobilizations decreased and seemed to be completely finished. I argue that these mobilizations were unsuccessful not only because of the fragmentation of student organizations and because of the low salience of higher education in Italian public opinion, but also because protesters were not supported by most university staff and hindered by the academic authorities (deans and rectors).
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Molli, Samuele Davide. "Immigrant Women’s Protagonism: Exercising Leadership Roles in Ethnic Churches at the Time of the Pandemic in Italy." Religions 13, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13080696.
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This paper discusses the protagonism expressed by immigrant women in religion via a series of leadership roles and expands on this theme by considering the pandemic as an emblematic period in which such female activism revealed itself. While the literature gives important details on gender inequalities generated by COVID-19, this article brings to attention agency, resilience and innovation. The case of catholic ethnic churches in Italy, a country particularly hit by the implications of COVID-19, is the empirical field. This paper uses qualitative data obtained through prolonged fieldwork (2018–2022), allowing to discuss the role of ethnic churches before and after the pandemic. The empowerment processes of women in religion and their leading role in terms of welfare provision and activism are detailed, concluding by considering the implications of these. While public institutions were in trouble, religious minorities, and notably their female members, acted to ensure the survival of non-Italian citizens.
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Lamberti-Castronuovo, Alessandro, Jeremy A. Pine, Giorgio Brogiato, and Hans-Friedemann Kinkel. "Agricultural Migrants’ Health and Ability to Access Care: A Case Study in Southern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 12615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312615.
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Although a large amount of research exists about migration into the European Union (EU) and the role of migrants in European society, relatively little information is available on the health status of migrants after arriving in the EU. This is particularly true in the case of the most marginalised migrants, migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, who work as itinerant laborers harvesting fruits and vegetables in southern Italy. This study analyzes demographic and health data gathered by a non-governmental organization-run primary healthcare clinic in order to understand the challenges these migrants face when trying to maintain their health. Results show that their health suffers greatly due to substandard living and working conditions, partially due to the fact that these individuals experience many barriers when trying to access care from the national health system. The health status of this population cannot improve without broad reforms to the welfare system and the agricultural sector. Government action is needed to ensure that such individuals are not denied their basic human rights and freedoms, including the right to health.
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Miglietta, Anna, and Barbara Loera. "Modern Forms of Populism and Social Policies: Personal Values, Populist Attitudes, and Ingroup Definitions in Support of Left-Wing and Right-Wing Welfare Policies in Italy." Genealogy 5, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5030060.
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We analyzed the relationship between modern forms of populism and citizen support for exclusive welfare policies and proposals, and we focused on support for left-wing- and right-wing-oriented welfare policies enacted or proposed during the Lega Nord (LN)–Five Star Movement (FSM) government in Italy (2018–2019). In light of the theoretical perspective of political ideology as motivated by social cognition, we examined citizens’ support for the two policies considering adherence to populist attitudes, agreement on the criteria useful to define ingroup membership, and personal values. We also took into account the role of cognitive sophistication in populism avoidance. A total of 785 Italian adults (F = 56.6; mean age = 35.8) completed an online survey in the summer of 2019 based on the following: support for populist policies and proposals, political ideologies and positioning, personal values, and ingroup boundaries. We used correlation and regression analyses. The results highlight the relationships between populism and political conservatism. Populism was related to the vertical and horizontal borders defining the “people”; cognitive sophistication was not a relevant driver. We identified some facilitating factors that could promote adherence to and support for public policies inspired by the values of the right or of the left, without a true ideological connotation.
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Levitt, Peggy. "Hybrid transnational social protection: The role of religious institutions and networks." Social Compass 69, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00377686221083499.
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More and more people live, study, work, and retire in countries where they are not full citizens. How do they protect and provide for themselves and their families when they live for extended periods outside the places where they have citizenship rights? In this talk, I offer a framework for understanding hybrid transnational social protection developed in a forthcoming book with my colleagues Erica Dobbs, Ken Sun, and Ruxandra Paul. We argue that mobile people create resource environments that span national borders with supports they purchase through the market, obtain from the public sector, from communities, and from their social networks. I focus here on the role of religious institutions and networks as transnational social welfare providers. I draw, in particular, on research conducted with Breda Gray on the role of the Catholic Church in Italy, Mexico, and the Philippines.