Journal articles on the topic 'Public welfare, bibliography'

Background: Across a range of policy areas and geographies, governments and philanthropists are increasingly looking to adopt a social outcomes contracting (SOC) approach. Under this model, an agreement is made that a provider of services must achieve specific, measurable social and/or environmental outcomes and payments are only made when these outcomes have been achieved. Despite this growing interest, there is currently a paucity of evidence in relation to the tangible improvement in outcomes associated with the implementation of these approaches. Although promising, evidence suggests that there are risks (especially around managing perverse incentives).[1] The growing interest in SOC has been accompanied by research of specific programmes, policy domains or geographies, but there has not been a systematic attempt to synthetise this emerging evidence. To address this gap, this systematic review aims to surface the best evidence on when and where effects have been associated with SOC. Methods: This mixed-methods systematic review protocol has been prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines (Additional File 2) (Shamseer et al., 2010). The review aims to consult policymakers throughout the evidence synthesis process, by adopting a user-involved research process. This will include the establishment and involvement of a Policy Advisory Group (PAG). The PAG will consist of a large, diverse, international group of policy makers who are or have been actively involved in funding and shaping social outcomes contracts (Additional File 3). The following electronic databases will be searched: ABI/INFORM Global, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA), Scopus, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), PAIS Index, PolicyFile Index, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, ProQuest Social Science, Social Services Abstracts, Web of Science, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts and PsycINFO. We will also conduct a comprehensive search of grey literature sources. Studies will be imported into Covidence and screened (after de-duplication) independently by two reviewers, using explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria. We will conduct risk of bias and quality assessment using recommended tools and we will extract data using a pre-piloted, standardised data extraction form. If meta-synthesis cannot be conducted for the effectiveness component, we will carry out a descriptive narrative synthesis of the quantitative evidence, categorised by type of intervention, type of outcome/s, population characteristics and/or policy sector. The qualitative studies will be synthesised using thematic content analysis (Thomas and Harden 2008). If possible, we will also analyse the available economic data to understand the costs and benefits associated with SOC. Finally, we will conduct a cross-study synthesis, which will involve bringing together the findings from the effectiveness review, economic review and qualitative review. We recognise that the proposed conventional effectiveness review method may lead to inconclusive or partial findings given the complexity of the intervention, the likely degree of heterogeneity and the under-developed evidence base. We see a traditional systematic review as an important foundation to describe the evidence landscape. We will use this formal review as a starting point and then explore more contextually rooted review work in future. Discussion: We will use the systematic review findings to produce accessible and reliable empirical insights on whether, when, and where (and if possible, how) SOC approaches deliver improved impact when compared to more conventional funding arrangements. The outputs will support policymakers to make informed decisions in relation to commissioning and funding approaches. Systematic review registration: This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), on 20th November 2020 and was last updated on 21 January 2021: (registration number PROSPERO CRD42020215207). [1] A perverse incentive in an outcomes-based contract is an incentive that has unintended and undesirable results. For instance, a poorly designed welfare-to-work scheme could create incentives for service providers to prioritise clients who are easier to help and to ‘park’ those who are harder to assist (NAO 2015).

The urbanization process of the majority of the Brazilian cities has occurred without appropriate planning that would consider the importance of environmental components. Nevertheless, it is widely known that the quality of urban life depends on a variety of factors, such as infrastructure, socioeconomic development and environment related aspects. With regard to these last factors, public green areas are essential for the maintenance of public welfare and, among these places, the public squares function as social interactive and leisure options for citizens. Due to their beauty, the squares contribute to urban ornamentation and usually host civic or religious events. Thereby, this study aimed to characterization the social and environmental role played by the public squares in the municipality of Crato-CE. As a methodological approach, bibliographic researches, as well as, the application of 50 questionnaires have provided the necessary information. The results suggest that there is a diversification of the squares frequenters at different times of the day, in addition to a variety of reasons that influence people to stay at or pass by these places. It was perceived that being at squares stimulates positive feelings, as the feeling of happiness described by 46% of the interviewers, freedom experienced by 30% and contact with nature by 15%. Therefore, it is undoubtedly possible to emphasize the importance of public squares for the municipality and the wellbeing of its citizens.

The purpose of the article is to show the importance of urban happiness as a right of social welfare and what are the indicators of international measures that countries must comply with. The research question is: How to achieve happier cities? To answer the question, from the inductive method, a bibliographic search will be made of the concept of urban happiness and of the most relevant health, education and governance indicators proposed since 1979 by the different countries and research centers. Similarly, a contemporary count of the countries with the best indicators of urban happiness and their reasons will be made. Finally, some exemplifying cases of countries with better inter-subjective happiness indexes will be given. The article concludes with the importance of developing countries for achieving more social economies, capable of integrating growth in production (Economic growth) with general welfare and the enjoyment of public values.

This article used theorists to reinforce data on the effectiveness of the Internal Control System as an instrument that regulates public pension expenditure for Accountabilty. This topic allows the understanding of the importance of internal control as a practice that helps in the quality and results of an organization, because Accountability represents the obligation of accountability for the performance of a work from the responsibility of a delegated authority. How much and how the Internal Control System can assist the manager in decisions? The general objective is to analyze the effectiveness of the internal control system in order to serve pension institutions more effectively. The methodology was bibliographic, exploring magazines and websites, besides the Brazilian legislation; the data collection was carried out at the Public Servants Welfare Institute of the State of Rondônia (IPERON). It was possible to conclude that it is necessary for IPERON's Internal Control Sector to develop its activities according to its mission and vision so that qualitative results have priorities.

Brazilian Federal universities were directly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring educational changes and new teaching policies. The role of universities in society go far beyond the classroom, and with the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, this role has intensified with social policies and actions developed thinking about the welfare of the community in which it is inserted. The objective of this study was to carry out a survey using a systematic literature review to identify the educational scenarios of public higher education in Brazil designed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Methodi Ordinatio was used which ranked the main studies. The search was conducted in four bibliographic databases: Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Emerald. With the application of the systematic literature review, it was possible to find out that Brazilian federal universities played a key role, with actions in the community to which they belong, namely: activities carried out to clarify the community about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, information about prophylactic care, community care services, food distribution, diagnostics, development of applications and portals, research activities carried out by teachers for the development of vaccines, production, and manufacture of materials and equipment such as alcohol gel, personal protective equipment, cleaning materials and maintenance of hospital equipment, reinforcing the important role played by universities.

This article is the result of an exploratory bibliographic study that consists in provoking reflections and presenting discussions on the theme of human rights and social service in the Brazilian context, as well as on the guarantee of rights and diversified and divergent language games. The scenario of the world crisis, in Latin America and specifically in Brazil, causes social service to face a historical and structural process of social inequality, a crisis that deeply cuts across the welfare state and the ineffectiveness of public policies. The challenges faced by social work are unquestionable as the profession faces different language games in social and political contexts that diverge between human needs and ideological interests in a constant struggle for social advances and setbacks. The approach methodology is analytical and critical, part of the analysis of concepts and perspectives from theoretical frameworks on human rights, social work and language games.

This article is the result of an exploratory bibliographic study that consists in provoking reflections and presenting discussions on the theme of human rights and social service in the Brazilian context, as well as on the guarantee of rights and diversified and divergent language games. The scenario of the world crisis, in Latin America and specifically in Brazil, causes social service to face a historical and structural process of social inequality, a crisis that deeply cuts across the welfare state and the ineffectiveness of public policies. The challenges faced by social work are unquestionable as the profession faces different language games in social and political contexts that diverge between human needs and ideological interests in a constant struggle for social advances and setbacks. The approach methodology is analytical and critical, part of the analysis of concepts and perspectives from theoretical frameworks on human rights, social work and language games.

Abstract This article is the result of an exploratory bibliographic study that consists in provoking reflections and presenting discussions on the theme of human rights and social service in the Brazilian context, as well as on the guarantee of rights and diversified and divergent language games. The scenario of the world crisis, in Latin America and specifically in Brazil, causes social service to face a historical and structural process of social inequality, a crisis that deeply cuts across the welfare state and the ineffectiveness of public policies. The challenges faced by social work are unquestionable as the profession faces different language games in social and political contexts that diverge between human needs and ideological interests in a constant struggle for social advances and setbacks. The approach methodology is analytical and critical, part of the analysis of concepts and perspectives from theoretical frameworks on human rights, social work and language games.

This paper aims to review and examine the qualitative research literature on women in the illicit drug economy and to identify and integrate key themes using the technique of qualitative metasynthesis. A search of citation lists and online bibliographic databases identified a total of 36 studies, 15 of which met the inclusion criteria of generating findings in relation to female participation using qualitative or ethnographic research methods. Results suggest that the drug economy is a gender-stratified labor market and that while women draw on a diverse range of economic and social resources, including informal sector networks such as those involved in sex work, family, and community and welfare networks, most women in most drug markets remain confined to low-level and marginal roles.

ObjectivesTo provide a 7-year update of the most recent systematic review about the relationships between political features and population health outcomes.SettingInternationally comparative scholarly literature.Data sourcesTen scholarly bibliographic databases plus supplementary searches in bibliographies and Google Scholar were used to update a previous systematic review. The final search was conducted in November 2017.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAny population health outcome measure, apart from healthcare spending.Results73 unique publications were identified from the previous systematic review. The database searches to update the literature identified 45 356 raw records with 35 207 remaining following de-duplication. 55 publications were identified from supplementary searches. In total, 258 publications proceeded to full-text review and 176 were included in narrative synthesis. 85 studies were assessed at low risk of bias, 89 at moderate risk of bias and none at high risk of bias. Assessment could not be conducted for two studies that had only book chapters. No meta-analysis was conducted. 102 studies assessed welfare state generosity and 79 found a positive association. Of the 17 studies that assessed political tradition, 15 were found to show a positive association with the left-of-centre tradition. 44 studies assessed democracy and 34 found a positive association. 28 studies assessed globalisation and 14 found a negative association, while seven were positive and seven inconclusive.ConclusionsThis review concludes that welfare state generosity, left-of-centre democratic political tradition and democracy are generally positively associated with population health. Globalisation may be negatively associated with population health, but the results are less conclusive. It is important for the academic public health community to engage with the political evidence base in its research as well as in stakeholder engagement, in order to facilitate positive outcomes for population health.

Health belongs to one of the most fundamental rights that one has, being elementary and necessary for one’s own life and dignity. The Federal Constitution of 1988 defines health as a right for everyone, which represents the reason why all people should benefit from Brazil’s national health system (SUS). As long as the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic is concerned, it is certainly clear that efforts to save lives all over the world have been made. Because of the precariousness of the public health system, combined with the insufficiency of providing free medication, medical treatment, surgical procedures, patient transport system, as well as access to the intensive care unit, the phenomenon “judicialization of health” has emerged. This article aims to discuss aspects involving health care in Brazil. It will focus on the most current decisions made by the federal court of justice in the context of the pandemic and examine the results and consequences of such decisions, as well as their contribution to a new point of view towards our social welfare. Policies to prevent diseases are needed in order to achieve the right to health. For this, the exploratory type methodology is used, of qualitative nature, with jurisprudential analysis combined with bibliographic review.

Mesmo em face da evolução das políticas educacionais de ensino básico e superior no Brasil, persistem diversas desigualdades as quais poderiam ser amenizadas por meio da educação adequada ao cumprimento de patamares básicos de cidadania. Diante disso, este trabalho realizou uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática (RBS) na área de políticas públicas educacionais, no Brasil, em sua interface com a desigualdade, com recorte temporal específico desde a promulgação da CF/88 até os dias atuais. A partir da leitura dos artigos selecionados na RBS, percebe-se que a responsabilidade compartilhada da educação entre os entes subnacionais, os desequilíbrios introduzidos pelo capitalismo, a ausência do fornecimento de um bem-estar mínimo a todos os cidadãos, quando somados aos problemas de desenho e implementação das políticas públicas de educação, levam a produção de conflitos e idiossincrasias que se traduzem na reprodução de desigualdades. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Políticas públicas; políticas públicas de educação; educação escolar; ensino superior; desigualdade. ABSTRACT Even in the face of the evolution of basic and higher education policies in Brazil, there are still several inequalities that could be mitigated by means of adequate education to comply with basic levels of citizenship. Therefore, this work carried out a Systematic Bibliographic Review (RBS) in the area of educational public policies in Brazil, in its interface with inequality, with a specific time cut from the enactment of CF/88 to the present day. From the reading of the articles selected in the RBS, it is perceived that the shared responsibility of education among subnational entities, the imbalances introduced by capitalism, the absence of providing a minimum welfare to all citizens, when added to the problems of design and implementation of public education policies, lead to the production of conflicts and idiosyncrasies that translate into the reproduction of inequalities. KEYWORDS: public policies; public education policies; school education; higher education; inequality. RESUMEN Incluso frente a la evolución de las políticas educativas de educación básica y superior en Brasil, persisten varias desigualdades que podrían mitigarse a través de una educación adecuada para el cumplimiento de los niveles básicos de ciudadanía. Dado esto, este trabajo llevó a cabo una Revisión Bibliográfica Sistemática (ERB) en el área de políticas públicas educativas en Brasil, en su interfaz con la desigualdad, con un marco de tiempo específico desde la promulgación de CF / 88 hasta el día de hoy. De la lectura de los artículos seleccionados en la RBS, queda claro que la responsabilidad compartida de la educación entre las entidades subnacionales, los desequilibrios introducidos por el capitalismo, la ausencia de proporcionar un mínimo de bienestar a todos los ciudadanos, cuando se suman a los problemas de El diseño y la implementación de políticas de educación pública conducen a la producción de conflictos e idiosincrasias que se traducen en la reproducción de las desigualdades. PALABRAS CLAVE: Políticas públicas; políticas de educación pública; educación escolar; enseñanza superior; desigualdad.

Abstract Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (PTB), an incurable enterocolitis, affecting domestic and wild ruminants. Economic losses, impacts on animal health and welfare, and public health concerns, justify its herd-level control. Aim: to systematically collect information to answer: What are the control and eradication strategies of PTB in dairy cattle worldwide? Methods: the search procedure was carried out on October 2nd, 2019 and updated on August 3rd, 2021, using OVID®, SciELO, and Redalyc databases, and the registers from the International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis (1991-2018). The inclusion criteria considered articles published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish and in peer-reviewed journals. The exclusion criteria included irrelevant topics, species other-than bovines, and not original articles. Definitive studies were obtained through consensus of the authors on eligibility and quality. Data extraction was performed, considering bibliographic information, control and outcome strategies, follow-up time, and results. Results: twenty-six relevant studies were found, reporting the use of three grouped control strategies: hygiene and management strategy (HMS), test-and-cull strategy (TCS), and vaccination strategy (VS). The HMS was the most common one (20/26), followed by TCS (17/26) and VS (7/26). Combined control strategies such as TCS-HMS (12/26), TCS-VS (1/26), and HMS-VS (1/26) were also described, and the consideration of the three control strategies (TCS-HMS-VS) was reported in two articles. The HMS included practices such as neonates/juvenile livestock hygiene, biosecurity, prevention of infection introduction into the herd, and environmental management. Within HMS, the most frequent practices were to remove calves from their dams as soon as possible after birth and to keep the minimal exposure of calves and heifers to adult cattle. As limitations, within the HMS it is considered that some strategies cannot be included due to lack of compliance, or the application of the same strategy among one study and another may have a different degree of interpretation; publication bias was not controlled since the results of the control programs in endemic countries may be not available. Conclusion: the main PTB control strategies in dairy cattle worldwide are HMS, TCS, and VS. The use of one or several combined strategies has been found to succeed in controlling the disease at herd-level.

El presente estudio se aproxima a las formas en las que algunas organizaciones de la industria cultural de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali gestionan su Responsabilidad Social Organizacional. Por medio de un estudio de caso, se busca brindar algunos parámetros de gestión y educación para que estas organizaciones encaucen sus actividades de Responsabilidad Social Organizacional hacia la sostenibilidad y el bienestar social. Se aplicó metodología cualitativa a 6 organizaciones culturales de la ciudad. En un primer momento, se adelantó una revisión bibliográfica en documentos especializados que dio forma a entrevistas semi estructuradas. En un segundo momento, se llevaron a cabo las entrevistas a dos grupos: a) representantes estales de la industria cultural de la ciudad; b) representantes de las 6 organizaciones culturales. Se concluye que faltan algunas directrices para el cumplimiento de Responsabilidad Social Organizacional del sector cultural de la ciudad. El faltante compromete tanto la creación de políticas estatales como los espacios de formación al respecto.Palabras clave: Industria de la cultura; Emprendimiento Cultural; RSO; RSE; Santiago de Cali; Estudio de caso; Bienestar socialAbstractThis research shows some ways, as Organizational Social Responsibility actions, used by some organizations of the cultural industry at the city of Santiago de Cali. Within a case study methodology, this paper is aimed to provide some management and education parameters to enable those organizations’s sustainability and social welfare actions. Qualitative methodology is used on city’s six cultural organizations. First, a bibliographic specialized documents review enabled semi-structured interviews. Second, interviews were carried out within two groups: a) members of the city’s county cultural industry; b) People who belongs to the six cultural organizations. Results show that there are some absences to compliance guidelines in the city’s cultural sector. Consequently, it is difficult both the creation of public policies and training spaces about Organizational Social Responsibility of the studied organizations.Keywords: Creative industries; OSR; CSR; Santiago de Cali; Case studies; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Social welfareResumoEsta pesquisa mostra algumas formas utilizadas por algumas organizações da indústria cultural da cidade de Santiago de Cali como ações de Responsabilidade Social Organizacional. Utilizando uma metodologia de estudo de caso, este artigo tem como objetivo fornecer alguns parâmetros de gestão e educação para permitir as ações de sustentabilidade e bem-estar social dessas organizações. A metodologia qualitativa é usada nas seis organizações culturais da cidade. Por meio do processo, como primeiro momento, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de documentos especializados, permitindo a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como segundo momento, foram realizadas entrevistas em dois grupos: a) membros da indústria cultural do município; b) Pessoas que pertencem às seis organizações culturais. Os resultados mostram que existem algumas ausências às diretrizes de compliance no setor cultural da cidade, dificultando a criação de políticas públicas e espaços de formação para a Responsabilidade Social Organizacional das organizações estudadas.Palavras-chave: Indústria cultural; Empreendedorismo Cultural; Santiago de Cali; Estudo de caso; Bem estar social

Introducción: La calidad de vida laboral en las organizaciones es un aspecto transversal en la gestión del talento humano ya que esta área además de implementar, mantener y mejorar los sistemas de gestión de calidad y los procesos de prestación del servicio, centra su intervención en el componente humano. Objetivo: Caracterizar la calidad de vida laboral a través de los procesos de gestión del talento humano del Sistema Estratégico de Transporte Público de la ciudad de Pasto. Materiales y métodos: Se empleó un paradigma cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, con el fin de identificar, describir y analizar la calidad de vida laboral por medio de la salud, bienestar y percepción de trabajo, contando con la participación de 468 conductores. Se utilizó técnicas de recolección de información como la revisión bibliográfica, una escala de actitudes tipo Likert y una encuesta de autoreporte de morbilidad sentida, los resultados de estas aplicaciones fueron sistematizados por medio del programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics. Resultados: Dentro de esta población existe una actitud favorable hacia sus condiciones de salud (79,3%), sin embargo, estos autoreportes muestran la presencia de dolores físicos que afectan la salud de los trabajadores (dolores de espalda, cintura y manos), una actitud muy favorable frente al bienestar laboral (77,6%) y una actitud muy favorable hacia la percepción del trabajo (75,2%). Conclusiónes: Los resultados permiten identificar las áreas por fortalecer, promover la calidad de vida de los conductores (salud laboral, bienestar laboral y percepción de trabajo), mejorar la prestación del servicio y favorecer el desarrollo de la ciudad, resaltando la labor del psicólogo organizacional dentro de la empresa.AbstractIntroduction: Quality of working life in organizations is a transversal aspect in the management of human talent, since this area not only implements, maintains and improves quality management systems and processes of service provision, but also focus its intervention on the human component. Objective: Characterize the quality of working life through the processes of human talent management of the Strategic System of Public Transport in the city of Pasto. Materials and methods: Therefore, a quantitative paradigm of a descriptive type was used in order to identify, describe and analyze the quality of work life through health, well-being and perception of work, with the participation of 468 drivers. The methods used for data collection were bibliographic review, a Likert-type attitude scale and a self-report questionnaire for morbidity. The results of these applications were systematized using the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: Within this population there is a favorable attitude towards their health conditions (79.3%); however, these self-reports show the presence of physical pains that affect the health of workers (back pains, waist and hands), a very favorable attitude when facing the labor welfare (77.6%) and a very favorable attitude towards the perception of work (75.2%). Conclusions: The results allow to identify the areas to be strengthened: promoting the drivers’ quality of life (occupational health, labor well-being and job perception), improving provision of service and promoting the development of the city where the labor of the organizational psychologist is highlighted within the company.

<p><strong><em>This study aims</em></strong><em> to understand the state and level of media literacy of Ukrainians as their ability to consciously perceive and critically interpret information, as well as to use a variety of mass media, based on the analysis of the «Media Literacy Index of Ukrainians: 2020–2022» study conducted by the «New Image Marketing Group» research agency with the support of the «Detector Media» NGO.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology. </em></strong><em>The study uses a review of scholarly and publicistic literature on the topic, including a search of academic databases and other relevant materials. To achieve the goal, bibliographic, comparative, and statistical methods were used, as well as definitive analysis to clarify the definition of the «media literacy» term. The bibliographic method involves the study of legislative documents and their analysis. Statistical and comparative methods were used to interpret the «Media Literacy Index of Ukrainians: 2020–2022» study results.</em></p><p><strong><em>The results</em></strong><em> of the study show that the level of the overall media literacy index of Ukrainians increased in 2020–2022. The share of the audience with an above-average level of media literacy increased from 55% to 81%. There is a certain correlation between the level of media literacy and the level of education: the lower the educational status, the lower the media literacy index. Significant differences in the level of media literacy are also observed among people with different financial statuses: the higher the level of welfare, the higher the index. There have also been shifts in the understanding of the role of the media in society: the percentage of citizens who believe that the primary mission of the mass media is to inform the public about socially significant events has increased from 54% to 69% during 2022. The share of Ukrainians who believe that the media work in the interests of the state and society generally increased over the past two years, from 8% to 31% and from 8% to 15%, respectively. Among the changes in the media preferences of Ukrainians, it is worth noting a strong increase in interest in Ukrainian-made media content (63%). At the same time, from 68% to 81% of Ukrainians have completely abandoned Russian-made media content (including music). The role of Internet media has increased. Compared to 2020, in 2022, the number of consumers of social and political content in messengers increased 2.5 times (from 19% to 49%). The importance of the problem of disinformation is emphasized by 61% of the audience (compared to 57% in 2020). The share of Ukrainians who detect disinformation by looking for a link to a source in the information material has increased (39% compared to 28%). The number of Ukrainians who check information for accuracy has almost doubled, from 24% to 47%.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty. </em></strong><em>The «media literacy» concept was introduced into academic circulation in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On Media». The article suggests combining the efforts of the state and civil society to implement media literacy projects. It is noted that, according to the law, the National Council of Television and Radio Broadcasting is authorized to determine the main tasks in the field of media literacy.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance. </em></strong><em>The results of the analysis of the «Media Literacy Index of Ukrainians: <br /> 2020–2022» study and the introduction of the «media literacy» term into academic circulation as defined in the Law of Ukraine «On Media» will contribute to the further development of media education, deepening critical thinking, and raising awareness of the need to master the skills to use media services effectively and safely in times of war.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> media literacy, media, critical thinking, disinformation, media services.</em></p>

Resumo: O desenvolvimento tecnológico tem causado grandes mudanças no mundo do trabalho, o que apenas parcialmente tem sido acompanhado pelo direito do trabalho. À medida que as formas tradicionais de trabalho se tornam cada vez mais minoritárias, novas formas de análise jurídica devem ser utilizadas para garantir a expansão do estado de bem-estar social brasileiro. A Análise Econômica do Direito (AED), escola de pensamento surgida nos Estados Unidos na metade do Século XX, se propõe a abordar e avaliar leis, decisões judiciais e institutos jurídicos do ponto de vista da lógica econômica, analisando o impacto que causam na sociedade e avaliando tais impactos em comparação com a intenção original do administrador público. Essa abordagem pode contribuir para os estudos relacionados ao direito do trabalho, abordando o papel das instituições e das organizações na ordenação social, principalmente em um período em que empresas de tecnologia criam novas formas de trabalho – a exemplo dos profissionais de aplicativos. O estudo utilizou-se de análise bibliográfica e da metodologia hipotético-dedutiva para avaliar a possibilidade de aplicação da AED ao modelo justrabalhista, buscando entender as possíveis contribuições dadas por essa escola de pensamento ao direito brasileiro. Concluiu-se que não há óbice à aplicação da AED ao direito do trabalho, sendo essa teoria importante instrumento de análise empírica dos impactos das condutas institucionais na relação social, bem como que a análise econômica do Direito do Trabalho pode se configurar em importante instrumento para expansão dos direitos sociais ao contemplar a ideia de eficiência socioeconômica. Palavras-Chave: Direito do Trabalho; Análise Econômica do Direito; Direito e Economia; Expansão dos Direitos Sociais; Futuro do Direito do Trabalho. Abstract: Technological development has caused major changes in the world of work, which has only partially been accompanied by labor law. As traditional forms of work become increasingly in the minority, new forms of legal analysis must be used to ensure the expansion of the Brazilian welfare state. The Economic Analysis of Law (AED), a school of thought that emerged in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, proposes to approach and evaluate laws, judicial decisions and legal institutes from the point of view of economic logic, analyzing the impact they have on society. and evaluating such impacts against the public administrator's original intent. This approach can contribute to studies related to labor law, addressing the role of institutions and organizations in social order, especially in a period when technology companies create new ways of working – such as application professionals. The study used bibliographic analysis and the hypothetical-deductive methodology to evaluate the possibility of applying the AED to the jurist model, seeking to understand the possible contributions made by this school of thought to Brazilian law. It was concluded that there is no obstacle to the application of the AED to labor law, and this theory is an important instrument for empirical analysis of the impacts of institutional conduct on social relations, as well as that the economic analysis of Labor Law can be configured as an important instrument for expansion of social rights by contemplating the idea of socioeconomic efficiency. Keywords: Labour Law; Economic Analysis of Law; Law and Economics; Expansion of Social Rights; Future of Labour Law.

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Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Engineering has always had a massive impact on human health and welfare.<span>&nbsp; </span>Unfortunately, the public only realizes the magnitude of this impact when very few engineering disasters occur, like huge oil spells in the sea or the failure of an aero-plane or a building.<span>&nbsp; </span>This is in spite of the plethora of engineering systems working perfectly around the clock to enhance every miniature aspect of public health and welfare.<span>&nbsp; </span></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt;">The ethical dimension of the engineering profession deals with the interaction with the public.<span>&nbsp; </span>However, engineering ethics are critical for reasons beyond keeping out of legal trouble and guarding the health and safety of humans. Ethics are necessary for the survival and continuity of the profession itself, amongst other reasons.<span>&nbsp; </span>Therefore, engineering codes of ethics have been set by professional societies and engineering ethics have been emphasized by accreditation organizations to be an integral part of the engineering curricula.<span>&nbsp; </span>In addition, ethics is the framework that allows the handling of evolving issues related to the profession of engineering.<span>&nbsp; </span>Examples of these issues include the globalization of the practice, continuous professional development (CPD) of the practitioners, and issues of emerging technologies (e.g. nanotechnology).<span>&nbsp; </span></span></strong></p> <strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">In the midst of this huge dimension, the engineering instructor is challenged to incorporate engineering ethics in a packed curriculum.<span>&nbsp; </span>This paper will provide a quick overview of the basic concepts and definitions of engineering ethics as well as the importance of studying engineering ethics.<span>&nbsp; </span>Some recent engineering ethics challenges will be listed with focus on globalization, its influence on the professional and ethical side of the profession, and the perspective of the educator.<span>&nbsp; </span>Moreover, some suggested strategies and best practices to integrate engineering ethics in the curriculum will be discussed. </span></strong>

Robin Boadway of Queen's University, Kingston reviews “A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare” by Marc Fleurbaey and Francois Maniquet. The EconLit abstract of the reviewed work begins: Explores the elaboration of criteria for the evaluation of social and economic situations and considers the application of such criteria to the search for optimal public policies. Discusses a contribution to welfare economics; efficiency versus equality; priority to the worst-off; the informational basis of social orderings; fair distribution of divisible goods -- two approaches; specific domains; extensions; public goods; private goods; unequal skills; and income taxation. Fleurbaey is Research Director of the National Center for Scientific Research and serves on the staff of CERSES and the University of Paris Descartes. Maniquet is Professor of Economics at CORE at the Catholic University of Louvain, and teaches at the University of Warwick. Bibliography; index.

Purpose. The aims of this paper are (i) to explore public-private partnerships as a tool for economic development of rural economies in developing countries and countries with economies in transition in order to ensure sustainable use of nature and increase public welfare of rural communities through the added value chain; (ii) to develop proposals for the implementation of public-private partnerships on land management and land use in Ukraine. Methodology / approach. The methodological approach involves study of the world’s PPP practice in land management and land use (including the use of land in forestry), study of the connections between PPP projects and scientific approaches to the concept of sustainable development and the added value chain, as well as analysis of domestic scientific bibliography, which relate to the subject of this study. Results. The authors found that the declared priorities of the Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030 require the application of integrated approaches. In particular, the programme in the mechanism of sustainable development management in the form of PPP to ensure sustainable use of nature and increase the social welfare of rural communities. Because the programme approach here involves investing in natural resources and environmental protection and should cover the entire value chain, which directly or indirectly affects the efficiency of natural rural assets, as well as the use and application of innovative technologies. Originality / scientific novelty. It is substantiated that progress in achieving the declared priorities, in particular in the field of environmental protection, growth of public rural welfare, etc. is possible only in a combination of strengths of all PPP partners, which will eliminate the shortcomings and weaknesses of rural communities. In contrast to existing approaches to the development of the land use economy of rural territories, the basis of the synergy of the parties to PPP is a special natural resource – land, which performs environmental, economic, legal and socio-cultural functions, and determines the form and content, which actually builds sustainable development, including rural. A wide range of PPP forms has been further developed, varying in the degree of involvement and risk taken by the private party in relation to the development of the land use economy of rural territories. The approach to the value chains organization in the development of PPP projects on land management and land use and providing security of land use in terms of taking into account the land use of farmers, formed on different rights, has been improved. The author’s project PPP in the production of pellets a private investor in lumber logging waste provided by some state-owned enterprise both subject to the extension of the moratorium and without its effect is developed. Practical value / implications. The authors’ research shows that the introduction of the value chain in the mechanism of public-private partnership will lead to significant effective changes in the development of the land use economy, in particular of rural territories. Namely, with the use of appropriate policies it will ensure the provision of sustainable use of natural resources and growth of public welfare, in particular rural communities. This approach allows to involve all stakeholders (government, community, business) for effective management of natural assets in general and agriculture in particular and will increase their level of capitalization and investment attractiveness.

Abstract This article proposes a reflection on Brazil and its works analogous to slavery that has been widely used within the business practices of global capital and is a topic little explored in administration research. The article analyzes the unfolding of works analogous to slavery in the 21st century. This qualitative study consists of a bibliographic and documentary research based on the perspective of dialectical and historical materialism. It analyzes secondary data from infraction notices from the Ministry of Labor and Welfare, the ministry’s list of companies engaged in slave labor, and data from Radar SIT (statistics and information dashboard of labor inspection in Brazil) between 1995 and 2022. In addition, this study collected information from journalistic articles that portrayed inspections of modern slave labor, thus enabling examples of this practice in contemporary times. The findings show that the very lack of more assertive public policies and the fragility of the criminal applicability of Brazilian legislation have challenged the eradication of modern slave labor in the country.

Tanzanian Fruits and Vegetables (F&V) industry employs more than 4.5 million people whose 70% are women and grew at 11% annually in the last decade. Despite the vital role played by F&V industry, the sub-sector experiences huge Post-Harvest Losses (PHL) accounting for up to 60% of the total produce. These losses threaten sustainability of the production, enlarge Food & nutrition insecurity concerns, deprive economic use of the produced crops, increase prices of crops and reduce amounts of consumer expenditure to reach farmers. This paper employed semi-systematic approach and content analysis to unveil potentials of using Zero Energy technologies to lessen PHL in Tanzania’s F&V industry. Search queries namely; ‘postharvest losses (PHL) management, Tanzania Fruits and Vegetables and Zero Energy technologies’ were used to solicit literature from reliable bibliographic databases including Google scholar, JUSTOR and Science Direct. Results showed that a number of practices and technologies to handle F&V including manual harvesting, non-refrigerated transport modes; and traditional storage facilities such as bamboo baskets, plant leaves % open spaces under the shade. Deploying usage of ZECC to address PHL of F&V would lower food losses amounted to 2,093,583tons of fruits and 587,569 tons of vegetables per annum whose value amounts to 4.6 trillion and 1.4 trillion Tanzanian shillings respectively. The value of PHL for both fruits and vegetables (six trillion) were enough to pay annual public servants’ salaries or the government annual debt by 87% in 2021/2022. Moreover, the spreading effect would enhance food and nutrition security, improve affordability of F&V to consumers and raise farmers’ income. Indeed, reduction of PHL in the F&V industry will lead to economic empowerment of women involved in the F&V sub sector.

If there was a referendum in Mozambique today, an overwhelming majority of the people would vote against their government having anything to do with the current model of democracy. They know all too well that there has definitely been a considerable welfare reduction to them as a result of the way this thing called “Representative Democracy” has been being played out in their country during the past decade. There is no doubt that the overwhelming majority of the Mozambican people if not, most African governments would prefer to see fundamental changes in their countries’ relations with this Western model of democracy. There is a virtual consensus among the general public, vocally expressed in the local media, as well as among officials, who naturally prefer putting forth their views in more private settings, that the relationship between citizen and the democratic institutions has been detrimental to the country, that far from helping it to become politically and economically viable, these institutions have been capitalising on, exacerbating and perpetuating Mozambique’s crisis. The research was based on participant observation, and it also involved a bibliographic review of relevant documents in the area of political participation, philosophy and other documents such as the 2004 Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, Mozambican legislation, reports and research already published by other organizations.

A inclusão pressupõe a mudança de paradigmas, a criação ou adaptação de estratégias pedagógicas. Nessa perspectiva, esta abordagem é um estudo de caso, acerca da acessibilidade na Educação a Distância de um acadêmico deficiente visual cego no curso de Serviço Social de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) na cidade de Parauapebas, sudeste do Pará. Refletir sobre o processo de inclusão no ensino superior a distância, analisar as condições oferecidas pela IES na construção dos saberes sistematizados e evidenciar a importância de uma política inclusiva são objetivos deste relato. A metodologia é de natureza bibliográfico-analítica, na qual autores como Libâneo (2004), Iamamoto (2006), Oliveira (2009), entre outros contribuem assim como, a partir da entrevista-questionário. Não é pretensão de esta proposta macular a função social da Instituição, tampouco apresentar soluções, mas propor reflexões sobre a política de democratização do ensino na modalidade a distância na perspectiva da acessibilidade no ensino superior. Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Serviço social; Deficiente visual; Acessibilidade. Contemporary and Social Welfare: The Formation of Professional Social Worker in Distance Education in Times of InclusionAbstract Inclusion requires a change of paradigms, the creation or adaptation of teaching strategies. From this perspective, the approach is based on a case study about accessibility in the Distance Education Social Welfare Service course from a Higher Higher Education Institution (IES) for visually impaired public in Parauapebas city, southeastern city of Para. The objectives of this of this article are to reflect on the inclusion process in higher education at a distance, to analyze the conditions offered by IES on construction of systematized knowledge and to highlight the importance of an inclusive politic. The methodology is based on a bibliographic analysis in which, authors, as Libâneo (2004), Iamamoto (2006), Oliveira (2009), and others contribute to the discussion, as well as, the interview-questionnaire. This paper does not intended to question social function of the institution, nor to present solutions, but to propose reflections on the democratization of education policy in the distance from the perspective of accessibility in higher education.Keywords: Distance education; Social service; Visual deficient; Accessibility.

<p>O Estado Moderno, em sua gênese, propõe as funções mínimas em sua abordagem liberal incipiente. Posteriormente, o Estado passa por diversas fases, podendo-se dizer que, no Brasil, teríamos atualmente uma Constituição de Estado Social, mitigada pela agenda política reguladora e subsidiária. Entretanto, nessa disputa pelos sentidos e efetividade constitucional, organiza-se a máquina administrativa, de maneira pouco visível e bastante refratária ao controle social. No trabalho em curso, analisa-se a publicidade administrativa enquanto princípio e enquanto prática, através de pesquisa bibliográfica. O princípio publicidade aparece como valor, tendo sua tessitura normativa amplamente reconhecida na literatura jurídica. Enquanto prática, aparece como política operacional associada aos interesses particulares dos agentes públicos. Tais interesses, secundários e privados, portanto, como promoção pessoal, não têm finalidade educativa e informativa nem justificativa pública. Assim, de maneira mais afeita ao controle mútuo entre os poderes, examina-se a possibilidade de controle dos mecanismos de publicidade administrativa pelo Judiciário, apontando-se algumas situações paradigmáticas.</p><p> </p><p>The Modern State, in its genesis, proposes to approach the minimum function in its incipient liberal face. Subsequently, the State goes through various stages, it can be said that in Brazil, currently we would have a Constitution of the Welfare State, mitigated by the regulatory policy agenda and subsidiary. However, in this dispute by the senses and constitutional effectiveness, organizes the administrative machine, so matted and quite refractory to social control. In current work, we analyze the administrative publicity as a principle and as a practice, through bibliographic research. The principle publicity appears as value, and its normative texture largely recognized in legal literature. While practice appears as operational policy associated with the private interests of public officials. Such interests, secondary and private, so as a personal promotion, have no educational purpose and informative or public justification. Thus, more wedded way the mutual control of powers, examines the possibility of control mechanisms of administrative publicity by the Judiciary, by pointing to some paradigmatic situations.</p>

Abstract Background Work participation is a crucial aspect of health outcome and an important part of life for most people with rare genetic diseases. Despite that work participation is a social determinant of health and seems necessary for understanding health behaviours and quality of life, it is an under-researched and under-recognized aspect in many rare diseases. The objectives of this study was to map and describe existing research on work participation, identify research gaps, and point to research agendas in a selection of rare genetic diseases. Methods A scoping review was performed by searching relevant literature in bibliographic databases and other sources. Studies addressing work participation in people with rare genetic diseases published in peer reviewed journals were assessed using EndNote and Rayyan. Data were mapped and extracted based on the research questions concerning the characteristics of the research. Results Of 19,867 search results, 571 articles were read in full text, and 141 satisfied the eligibility criteria covering 33 different rare genetic diseases; 7 were reviews and 134 primary research articles. In 21% of the articles the primary aim was to investigate work participation. The extent of studies varied between the different diseases. Two diseases had more than 20 articles, but most had only one or two articles. Cross-sectional quantitative studies were predominant, with few utilizing prospective or qualitative design. Nearly all articles (96%) reported information about work participation rate, and 45% also included information about factors associated with work participation and work disability. Due to differences in methodologies, cultures and respondents, comparison between and within diseases are difficult. Nevertheless, studies indicated that many people with different rare genetic diseases experience challenges related to work, closely associated to the symptoms of the disease. Conclusion While studies indicate high prevalence of work disability in many patients with rare diseases, the research is scarce and fragmented. More research is warranted. Information about the unique challenges of living with different rare diseases is crucial for health and welfare systems to better facilitate work participation. In addition, the changing nature of work in the digital age, may also open up new possibilities for people with rare genetic diseases and should be explored.

Introdução: Os programas assistenciais de medicamentos surgiram como opção para os pacientes terem acesso aos medicamentos inovadores ainda sem registro no país. Atualmente existem três tipos de programas assistenciais para medicamentos no Brasil: uso compassivo, acesso expandido e fornecimento de medicamento pós-estudo. Objetivo: Realizar levantamento sobre os programas assistenciais para medicamentos no Brasil nos últimos três anos (2019-2021), bem como uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os aspectos éticos e regulatórios que envolvem os programas de uso compassivo, acesso expandido e fornecimento de medicamento pós-estudo. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão, utilizando-se base de dados pública, por meio do relatório de atividadesemitido pela Coordenação de Pesquisa Clínica em Medicamentos e Produtos Biológicos da Gerência-Geral de Medicamentos e Produtos Biológicos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, e dados fornecidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, por meio do sistema “fale conosco” em 09 de setembro de 2022, referentes aos períodos de 2019, 2020 e 2021. Resultados: Durante o período de 2019 a 2021, observou-se que as neoplasias e doenças raras representaram a maioria dos casos envolvidos nos programas assistenciais de medicamentos no Brasil. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, os programas de fornecimento de medicamento pós-estudo e acesso expandido em oncologia possuem relação direta com os estudos clínicos aprovados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária durante o período analisado. As doenças raras representaram a maioria dos casos envolvidos nos programas de uso compassivo. Apesar do voluntário participante de pesquisa clínica ter direito à continuidade do tratamento conforme previsto nas resoluções da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e da Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa/Conselho Nacional de Saúde, a judicialização da saúde ainda é um dos grandes desafios para o Sistema Único de Saúde no que se refere aos programas assistenciais de medicamentos. Conclusão: Atualmente existem três tipos de programas assistenciais para medicamentos no Brasil: uso compassivo, acesso expandido e fornecimento de medicamento pós-estudo. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, tais programas concentram-se em oncologia, doenças raras ou doenças ultrarraras. O Brasil não é o único país a ter algum tipo de regulamentação para garantir que o voluntário participante de pesquisa clínica receba a continuidade do tratamento após o término do estudo clínico. Apesar da inquestionável importância humanitária dos programas assistenciais de fornecimento de medicamento, existe a preocupação sobre a inviabilização da pesquisa e do desenvolvimento de medicamentos inovadores de alto custo pelo fato de que no Brasil esse fornecimento deverá ser por tempo indeterminado após finalização da pesquisa clínica e não somente até o registro do produto na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária ou a disponibilização do medicamentono Sistema Único de Saúde. Portanto, à semelhança de outros países, torna-se importante a existência de uma lei específica que regulamente a pesquisa clínica no Brasil, de modo que se encontre o equilíbrio entre os legítimos interesses assistenciais, humanitários e comerciais que viabilizem tanto os investimentos necessários à pesquisa e ao desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos como os programas assistenciais para medicamentos.Palavras-chave: Ensaios de uso compassivo, ANVISA, Doenças raras, Pesquisa biomédica, Estudo clínico ABSTRACT Introduction: Medication assistance programs have emerged as an option for patients to have access to innovative medications that are still unregistered in the country. There are currently three types of drug assistance programs in Brazil: Compassionate Use, Expanded Access, and Post-study Drug Supply. Objective: To carry out a survey on the assistance programs for medicines in Brazil in the last three years (2019–2021), as well as a bibliographic review on the ethical and regulatory aspects involving Compassionate Use Programs, Expanded Access, and Poststudy Medicine Supply. Method: A revision was carried out using a public database, through the Activities Report issued by the Coordination of Clinical Research in Medicines and Biological Products (COPEC) of the General Management of Medicines and Biological Products (GGMED) of the National Health Agency, and data provided by Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA), through the “fale conosco” system on September 9, 2022, referring to the periods of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Results: During the period from 2019 to 2021, it was observed that neoplasms and rare diseases represented most cases involved in drug assistance programs in Brazil. According to the results found, the Post-Study Drug Supply and Expanded Access Programs in Oncology are directly related to the clinical studies approved by ANVISA during the analyzed period. Rare diseases represented most cases involved in Compassionate Use Programs. Although the volunteer participating in clinical research has the right to continue treatment as provided for in ANVISA and CONEP/CNS resolutions, the judicialization of health is still one of the great challenges for the Unified Health System (SUS) regarding programs medication assistance. Conclusion: There are currently three types of drug assistance programs in Brazil: Compassionate Use, Expanded Access, and Post-study Drug Supply. According to the results found, such programs focus on oncology, rare diseases or ultra-rare diseases. Brazil is not the only country to have some kind of regulation to guarantee that the volunteer participating in clinical research receives continuity of treatment after the end of the clinical study. Despite the unquestionable humanitarian importance of drug supply assistance programs, there is concern about the impracticability of research and development (R&D) of high-cost innovative drugs due to the fact that, in Brazil, this supply should be for an indefinite period after completion of the research clinic and not only until registration of the product in ANVISA or availability of the medicine in the SUS. Therefore, similarly to other countries, it is important to have a specific law that regulates clinical research in Brazil, in order to find a balance between legitimate welfare, humanitarian and commercial interests that make both the investments necessary for the R&D of new drugs, such as drug assistance programs. Keywords: Compassionate use trials, ANVISA, Rare disease, Biomedical research, Clinical study.