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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public welfare Australia'
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1
McGuire, Linda. "Counting quality or qualities that count? : an inquiry into performance reporting for professional public services in Australia." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5247.
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Trigg, Lisa. "Improving the quality of residential care for older people : a study of government approaches in England and Australia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3772/.
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Improving the quality of residential care for older people is a priority for many governments, but the relationship between government actions and high-quality provision is unclear. This qualitative research study uses the cases of England and Australia to examine and compare regulatory regimes for raising provider quality. It examines how understandings of quality in each country are linked to differences in the respective regulatory regimes; how and why these regimes have developed; how information on quality is used by each government to influence quality improvement; and how regulatory regimes influence providers to deliver quality. The study develops a new typology of three provider quality orientations (organisation-focused, consumer-directed, relationship-centred) to examine differences between the two regulatory regimes. The research draws on interviews conducted between January 2015 and April 2017 with 79 individuals from different stakeholder groups in England and Australia, and interviews with 24 individuals from five provider organisations in each country. These interviews highlighted greater differences between the two regimes than previous research suggests. For example, while each system includes a government role for inspecting or reviewing provider quality, there are differences around how quality is formally defined, the role and transparency of quality information, and how some provider quality behaviour is influenced by different policy interventions. Two important findings emerge from the study for policymakers and researchers. First, the importance of considering the broader historical and institutional context of the care sector overall, not simply the regulatory environment, as shown by the more welfare-oriented approach in England when compared to Australia’s highly consumerist approach. Second, the importance of considering the overall ‘regulatory space’ when designing policy interventions for quality. Policymakers should consider the effects and interaction of multiple policy interventions, the impact of funding mechanisms and the activity of multiple stakeholders, and not restrict attention to those policy interventions explicitly developed for quality improvement goals.
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Arthurson, Kathy. "Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha791.pdf.
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Hammer, Sara Jeanne. "The rise of liberal independence and the decline of the welfare state." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
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Given the increased interdependency caused by ongoing task differentiation and precarious formal employment, this thesis asks why the stigmatisation of unemployed citizens and the retraction of unemployment benefits have received such widespread support in Australia. I contend that the concepts of dependency and independence, as reflexive
but mutually exclusive dual values, are increasingly used as a framework for welfare discourse. I argue that this framework has ethical ramifications for collective well-being in Australia since it discourages citizens from
acknowledging their own social and economic vulnerability. Using a combination of critical theory and discursive analysis, this thesis analyses discourses relating to poverty, unemployment and social welfare. It tracks the contradictions of this value dualism through selected forms of policy and media discourse literature and will challenge the negative moral valence associated with dependency, offering possible alternatives in the areas of moral anthropology, welfare discourse and social provision in order to reverse the stigmatisation of unemployed citizens.
5
Winkworth, Gail. "All hands on deck : government service delivery, partnership and participation : Centrelink : a case study / Gail Winkworth." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28030.
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This thesis seeks to understand how government service delivery agencies can develop more individualised solutions for citizens through new kinds of relationships or ‘social partnerships’ across sectors. Specifically it examines how Centrelink, the Australian Government’s largest service delivery agency is working across other government, the not-for—profit and business sectors to reduce social exclusion and to increase participation opportunities for people on income support.
6
Harkness, Christopher. "Partnerships : an opportunity to restore meaning to the 'human' in human services." University of Western Australia. Social Work and Social Policy Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0069.
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This research study is about partnership working in the human services using community mental health as a context. The purpose of this type of research has relevance today as governments at all levels in Australia are adopting partnerships as social policy tools to address social problems. The rationale for these policies appears to be based on recognition that large social problems require holistic responses through the working together of multiple agencies. However despite the volumes of material about the programmatic means for enacting partnerships I found little which attended to the micro practices of partnership. The lack of guidelines on how to engage in partnership becomes problematic as partnerships in social service contexts have complexities and can be difficult to enact. Moreover actors may feel undermined when it is taken for granted that they have the necessary knowledge and skills to enact partnerships. A case study is conducted on how partnerships are enacted within Bethany Outreach Services, a pseudonym used to represent a psychosocial support service in the Perth metropolitan area. Semi-structured in-depth interviews are conducted with seven participants engaged in a partnership within community mental health. The literature is analysed for its contribution to the critical question of how to do partnership. Case examples are utilised to contextualise key principles of partnership. Key elements of theoretical perspectives are applied as a way to better understand how partnerships might work better. Narratives from the literature and the experiences of people as seen through this case study are examined to arrive at some key elements of partnership. Despite their complexities partnerships provide an opportunity for actors to engage their humanity and build relationships based on human qualities such as respect, communication and the sharing of resources. These qualities build social capital, which can be developed in new partnership contexts to address new problem domains. It is through these qualities that partnerships might give meaning to the 'Human' in Human Services.
7
Jensen, Ann L. "A chance to do some good in the world : an enquiry into frontline children's welfare workers in the climate of change created by welfare reform." Thesis, View thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/43677.
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This thesis is about disenchantment with work through the loss of moral meaning. I set out to explore the reasons women do low-paid and stressful work in non-profit organisations to better understand the relationship between welfare reform, work place ecology and staff retention. I found that women who wanted to make a difference among children and their families often experienced conflicts of values that were a source of distress and attrition. Familiar values had been lost in the rapidity and complexity of changed social attitudes through welfare reform. Reform processes have reshaped the way Australians think about poverty, unemployment and welfare dependency. A media discourse has stigmatised welfare dependents, and in the public imagination it has also conflated poverty with the dark spectre of child abuse and parental failure. As a result there is a turbulent confluence where welfare policy constrains the services, and child protection failures lead to public calumny of workers. Frontline workers, often cast in the ambiguous role of family supporter and mandated reporter of suspected child abuse, experience powerlessness through resource poverty and blame. Welfare reform devolved many children‘s services from the government sector to the non-profit sector through policy processes that included vigilant auditing, constant evaluation, and a demand for inter-agency cooperation as well as competitive tendering between agencies for program funding. The frontline workers in non profit agencies are subject to the intense scrutiny of government, as well as the suspicion of media and the public, and the hostility of their clients. My methodology was critical social theory (Habermas, 1984, 1985, [1967] 1988) and Gadamerian ([1960] 1989) hermeneutics informed by constructionism (Berger and Luckmann, 1966; Burr, 2003). I was concerned with issues of justice in all aspects of my research. A fair report would include textured multiple perspectives or horizons. This meant giving full expression to the thoughts of the frontline workers as well as inviting the perspective of people working at other levels in the non-profit organisation, such as middle and senior managers. Methods were long in-depth interviews, a focus group, and the analysis of relevant literature. A total of 25 people were involved in the research: 10 frontline workers and five non-profit managers participated in long individual interviews, there was a focus group of eight middle-managers, and two email correspondents who were not interviewed personally A chance to do some good in the world Ann Lazarsfeld Jensen 2009 provided feedback on the emerging themes, contributed their own ideas through material they had written, and validated developing concepts. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the understanding of how moral meanings operate motivationally at work. It demonstrates that in non-profit organisations there is an expectation that values will be central to practice, yet individual moral identity has become compromised by policy constraints on agency resources, tighter management and increased bureaucracy and social hostility to the child welfare clientele and workers. The significance of moral symbols is argued from the utilisation of moral symbols and language in the corporate and consumer worlds to enhance loyalty, commitment and worker sacrifice. The purpose of the argument is to show that moral community is an aspect of work place ecology in a non-profit organisation, and the central component is the integrity of its moral agenda which is a tool of recruitment and retention of value-driven workers. Four aspects of moral motivation are the thematic discussion of this thesis. In my analysis workers were suffering from what I described as moral distress, a frustration of their capacity to enact their personal principles in their work, and an apparent conflict between their personal and agency values. Other workers had made
what I described as an altruism audit, which was a more pragmatic approach to protect their own interests without abandoning their desire to do good work. I found there was an absence of moral community, through the loss of traditional value systems, and the corporatisation of non-profit organisations. There was also a need to retrieve a sense of moral proportion, which would signal to workers and agencies what was possible in the light of the policy demands for greater financial audit and practice accountability. Moral proportion is a new secular value that I suggest could be constructed in a moral community of practice, increasing the possibility of values agreement both within and between agencies. This thesis is a sobering reminder that human beings cannot become efficient machines capable of solving complex human problems through protocols and formulas. Children‘s welfare work is driven by compassionate dispositions attempting to engage the hearts of recalcitrant parents. In order to sustain an emotionally engaged frontline workforce, support structures must address the moral core of the worker and the work.
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Soldatic, Karen Maree. "Disability and the Australian neoliberal workfare state (1996-2005)." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0190.
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Australia, like other Western liberal democracies, has undergone extensive social policy restructuring as a result of neoliberalism. While neoliberalism had its genesis with Australian Labor governments during the 1980s, it secured the status of orthodoxy under the radical conservatism of the Liberal Coalition government (1996 - 2007). Under the leadership of Prime Minister John Howard a widespread campaign was instigated to advance neoliberal social policy measures across all spheres of social life, leading to the dismantling of rights for a diverse range of social groups including women, refugees, people with disabilities and Indigenous Australians. The restructuring of social provisioning with the intensification of neoliberalism was largely driven by workfare a key domestic social project of neoliberal global restructuring. The thesis examines the Australian experience of workfare and the primary areas of contestation and struggle that emerged in this environment for the Australian Disability Movement during the peak period of workfare restructuring for 'disability' (1996 2005). The thesis draws on the work of critical disability theory to discuss the bivalent social collective identity of disability as it cuts through the politics of recognition and the politics of distribution. From here, the thesis engages with sociological work on emotions, bringing together theories of disgust and disability. The thesis demonstrates that there is a synergy between disability and disgust that informs the moral economy of disability; framing, shaping and articulating able-bodied disabled relations. Drawing on the policy process method the research involved extensive qualitative interviews with members of the Australian Disability Movement, disabled people involved in workfare programs, service providers and their peak organisations, families, as well as the policy elite charged with the responsibility of disability workfare restructuring. Additionally, the study incorporated a range of documents including parliamentary Hansards, key policy texts, government media releases, and publicly available information from disability specialist services and the disability movement. The analytical centrality of policy processes highlighted the strategic interrelationship between macro-structural policy discourses and practices and the role of policy actors as agents, including those collective agents engaged in mediating disability social relations. Three dominant themes emerged from the analysis of the data: movement politics, representation and participation; emotions and processes of moralisation; and finally, the role of temporality in inscribing (disabled) bodies with value. Each of the findings chapters is dedicated to explicating these mechanisms and the effects of these discourses and practices on disabled people involved in workfare programs and the disability movement's struggles for respect, recognition and social justice.
9
Fenton, Sarah-Jane Hannah. "Mental health service delivery for adolescents and young people : a comparative study between Australia and the UK." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7111/.
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This thesis explores policy and service delivery for adolescent and young adult or ‘transition age’ mental health service users aged 16-25 across different jurisdictions in the UK and Australia. The study explores the implications that policy formulation and implementation have for service delivery in these different contextual settings; and examines how young people (who are at a vulnerable stage developmentally in terms of mental health), have their access to services affected by the existing policy framework. A policy analysis was conducted along with qualitative interviews in six case sites (three in the UK and three in Australia). The thesis adopted a critical realist approach using a laminated cross-sectional interview strategy that was developed to include interviews with national policy makers; local policy makers and service managers; staff working within services; and the young people whom were accessing services as the recipients of policy. Findings from this thesis explore how young people use risk escalation as a way of managing delays to treatment and how practitioners identify particular difficulties for young people transitioning in services when they are due to ‘step up’ into more acute services, or ‘step down’ to a less intensive service. The thesis explores the implications and unintended consequences for young people of policy including processes of ‘cost-shunting’ and ‘resource envy’ at local and national levels. Finally, the thesis offers some learning for systems working to support 16-25 year olds through demonstrating the importance of the dual role of ‘curing’ and ‘caring’ in mental health services.
10
Crosland, Gerri, and n/a. "Social welfare professionals as managers : a feminist perspective." University of Canberra. Management, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060703.122518.
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The dissertation presents the argument that the formal training of a professional social
worker is relevant but not equivalent to the training needs of a professional manager in the
social work field. Social work professionals as managers do not, without management
training, have the same credibility and/or skills as professional managers of social work.
Within the general topic of welfare, research is first directed to the Australian welfare
experience in its historic sense. Selecting relevant philosophical and ideological frameworks
the writer a) critically explores traditional and contemporary theories, with special
reference being made to bureaucracy, organization, and management; b) investigates
theories and practices of social workers and social work managers to ascertain their
relevance to contemporary Australian society, using the A.C.T. Family Services Branch as an
example of a social welfare agency. This assists in explaining the context, functions and
obligations of a welfare agency, as it responds to the needs of the community and of the staff
it employs.
11
Frederick, John (John William) 1952. ""The help I need is more than the help they can give me" : a study of the life circumstances of emergency relief clients." Monash University, Dept. of Social Work, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5151.
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Spencer, Liesel Emma. "Regulating food security: A comparative public health law analysis of Australian income management and US food welfare." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21297.
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Food insecurity is a significant public health problem in Australia and the United States. In both countries, people who depend upon welfare benefits are at increased risk of food insecurity, socioeconomic disadvantage, and adverse health outcomes – including malnutrition, obesity, and associated chronic disease. In this dissertation, I compare the ways that Australia and the US have used welfare (social security) law as part of the state response to food insecurity. The purpose of this comparison is to consider how the US experience can inform Australia’s approach to using welfare law to regulate the risk of food insecurity in vulnerable population groups. In comparative law methodology, borrowing legal ideas from another jurisdiction is an established law reform method, the ‘legal transplant’. I take an interdisciplinary approach – comparative legal geography – to legal transplants as a law reform methodology. Legal geography is a ‘law-and-’ discipline which examines the relationships between law and the social and environmental context (or ‘place’) where law is implemented. I use case studies of specific places, Bankstown in Australia and Oakland in the US, to investigate how local social and environmental realities condition and limit the effectiveness of welfare law in regulating the risk of food insecurity. In Australia, welfare benefits are usually provided as cash transfers. In recent years, however, Australia has implemented trials of ‘income management’, which quarantines a proportion of welfare recipients’ benefits onto an electronic benefits transfer card and places restrictions on where people can shop and what they can buy. Prior to implementing the scheme, the Australian government failed to investigate whether alternatives to cash transfers have improved food security in other countries – despite citing other countries, including the US, as precedent. Compounding this failure, the various trials of income management have not been properly evaluated to see if they are improving food security as intended. In a case study of the trial of ‘place-based income management’ in the New South Wales city of Bankstown, I find that the trial is not successful as a public health intervention into the risk of food insecurity, and that it entrenches social and cultural exclusion by restricting where people can buy food. The US experience of using welfare law to address food insecurity, in its suite of food assistance programs, provides a rich body of evidence for comparative law purposes. I consider the food security outcomes of each of the three major US food welfare schemes: SNAP, formerly known as food stamps; WIC, targeting women, infants and children; and the school food programs. In a case study of the localised effects of food welfare programs in Oakland, California, I consider how the effectiveness of those programs as a food security intervention is mediated by sociocultural and environmental factors. I argue that income management laws in Australia, and food welfare laws in the US, are not solely welfare laws but are also a form of de facto public health regulation of the risk of food insecurity. I apply Lawrence Gostin and Lindsay Wiley’s systematic framework for the evaluation of public health regulation to US food welfare laws to assess whether those laws are a justifiable form of public health regulation. I find that the results are nuanced in relation to the various US food assistance programs, but that, regardless, it is important to consider the legitimacy and impact of onerous public health regulation – especially before imposing it on disadvantaged groups of people. I propose that Gostin and Wiley’s evaluation framework be extended to include an additional criterion of whether regulation is ‘place-sensitive’, or suitably adapted to the place or places where it is implemented. I recommend that Australian welfare law be reformed via a legal transplant, in adapted form, of a WIC-style scheme and a school food program; however, I reject SNAP, or ‘food stamps’, as inappropriate for Australia. I argue that Australia should retain cash transfers as the basis of food security for disadvantaged households, and that a WIC-style scheme and a school food program should be implemented as a supplement to, and not a replacement for, existing entitlements, with the goal being to build upon and improve food security for disadvantaged groups. In the legal transplant proposal, I argue that law reform should be implemented in a way that promotes food security, is appropriately adapted to the social and environmental conditions of individual places, and respects human dignity and autonomy as essential components of justifiable public health regulation.
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Bursian, Olga, and olga bursian@arts monash edu au. "Uncovering the well-springs of migrant womens' agency: connecting with Australian public infrastructure." RMIT University. Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080131.113605.
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The study sought to uncover the constitution of migrant women's agency as they rebuild their lives in Australia, and to explore how contact with any publicly funded services might influence the capacity to be self determining subjects. The thesis used a framework of lifeworld theories (Bourdieu, Schutz, Giddens), materialist, trans-national feminist and post colonial writings, and a methodological approach based on critical hermeneutics (Ricoeur), feminist standpoint and decolonising theories. Thirty in depth interviews were carried out with 6 women migrating from each of 5 regions: Vietnam, Lebanon, the Horn of Africa, the former Soviet Union and the Philippines. Australian based immigration literature constituted the third corner of triangulation. The interviews were carried out through an exploration of themes format, eliciting data about the different ontological and epistemological assumptions of the cultures of origin. The findings revealed not only the women's remarkable tenacity and resilience as creative agents, but also the indispensability of Australia's publicly funded infrastructure or welfare state. The women were mostly privileged in terms of class, education and affirming relationships with males. Nevertheless, their self determination depended on contact with universal public policies, programs and with local community services. The welfare state seems to be modernity's means for re-establishing human connectedness that is the crux of the human condition. Connecting with fellow Australians in friendships and neighbourliness was also important in resettlement. Conclusions include a policy discussion in agreement with Australian and international scholars proposing that there is no alternative but for governments to invest in a welfare state for the civil societies and knowledge based economies of the 21st Century.
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Holland, Jack. "Framing the 'war on terror' : American, British and Australian foreign policy discourse." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3726/.
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In September 2001 several states launched a series of counter-terrorism policies under the banner of the 'War on Terror' that were unprecedented in their scope, intensity and cost. Extensive domestic legislative agendas and surveillance programmes at home were matched by increased military interventionism abroad, most significantly in Afghanistan and Iraq. This thesis is concerned with examining how this 'War on Terror' was possible: how it was conceivable for policy-makers and how it was 'sold' to domestic audiences. More specifically, this thesis considers three principal members of the 'Coalition of the Willing' in Iraq - the United States, Britain and Australia. Aside from adopting similar and overlapping policy responses in the context of a commitment to the 'War on Terror', these three states share a common language, intertwined histories and institutional similarities, underpinned by perceptions of cultural proximity and closely related identities. However, despite significant cultural, historical and political overlap, the 'War on Terror' was rendered possible in these contexts in different ways, drawing on different discourses and narratives of foreign policy and identity. In the US, President Bush employed highly reductive moral arguments within a language of frontier justice, which was increasingly channelled through the signifier of 'freedom'. In the UK, Prime Minister Blair framed every phase of the 'War on Terror' as rational, reasoned and proper, balancing moral imperatives with an emphasised logical pragmatism. In Australia, Prime Minister Howard relied upon particularly exclusionary framings mutually reinforced through repeated references to shared values. This thesis explores these differences and their origins, arguing that they have important implications for the way we understand foreign policy and political possibility. They demonstrate that foreign policy is both discursive and culturally embedded. And they illustrate that foreign policy discourse impacts on political possibility in rendering some policy responses conceivable while others unthinkable, and some policy responses acceptable while others illegitimate. This thesis thus contributes to our understanding of political possibility, in the process correcting a tendency to view the 'War on Terror' as a universal and monolithic political discourse.
15
Connon, Aileen F. "Living on the city margins : homelessness, violence and stratagems of survival in an Australian metropolis /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armc752.pdf.
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Osborn, Alexandra L. "A national profile and review of services and interventions for children and young people with high support needs in Australian out-of-home care." Click here to access, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37849.
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One of the major challenges currently being faced by out-of-home care services is the issue of placement breakdown and multiple placements, and the psychological effects of these experiences. Previous longitudinal research by Barber and Delfabbro (2004) indicates that approximately 15-20% of young people in Australian out-of-home care have significant emotional and behavioural problems or 'high support needs' that often condemns them to a life of repeated placement instability and further psychosocial harm. This thesis reports the findings of Australia's first national comparative study of 364 children with this placement profile in four Australian States (Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia). Based on detailed interviews with case-workers, case-file reading, and comprehensive analysis of objective placement data, this study provides a detailed analysis of the social and family background of this population of children, their psychosocial profile, service history, and their placement experiences. It was found almost all of the children with high support needs in Australian out-of-home care had been subjected to traumatic, abusive, and highly unstable family backgrounds. A proportion of young people had experienced over 30 placement changes and approximately 70% scored in the clinical range of emotional and behavioural disturbance. The young people in the sample were generally very similar in their characteristics. Children within this population appear to form one single cluster based upon very common family experiences; namely, the combined effects of domestic violence, substance abuse, physical violence and neglect. Such findings suggest very strongly that out-of- home care policy cannot, and should not, be considered in isolation from other important areas of social policy and public health. Following the review of the characteristics of the children, the thesis examined the range of therapeutic interventions and placement options that might be suitable to address their needs. This section involved a literature review, an extensive internet search of care and service options and a review of program information wherever this was available. It is clear from the review that it is very difficult to maintain this population of children and young people in stable family-based foster care arrangements within the existing out-of-home care system. This thesis highlights the need for a greater integration of services and a greater focus on ensuring an ongoing commitment to addressing the entrenched psychological and social difficulties contributing to placement instability. There is also a great need for a re-structuring and re-thinking of the continuum of care services available to children in out-of-home care, including the possible development of professional foster care services and an increased use and availability of treatment group residential care options. Most importantly, a re-structuring of the way child protective services and family, social and mental health services are provided and coordinated by State governments is felt to be desperately needed.Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Psychology, 2006.
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Ilbiz, Ethem. "The impact of the European Union on Turkish counter-terrorism policy towards the Kurdistan Workers Party." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14280/.
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This study seeks to examine the impact of the EU on Turkish counter-terrorism policies towards the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). It analyses what impact it has had within three distinct periods: the pre-Helsinki European Council (1984-1999) period, the post-Helsinki European Council (1999-2004) period, and the post-Brussels European Council (2004-2013) period. It conceptualizes and empirically investigates the EU’s norm diffusion role by relying on the concept of “Rule Adoption”, and by utilising two norm diffusion mechanisms: the “Conditionality” and the “Socialization” mechanism, and their domestic and EU-level determinants. The thesis argues that when the EU has promoted democratisation in Turkey, it has also implicitly impacted on Turkey’s counter-terrorism policies. It argues for this thesis by generalizing from the following empirical findings: When the EU has provided a credible membership prospect to Turkey, and when the PKK attacks have been at a low-level, then the EU conditionality mechanism has been influential on Turkey’s adoption of EU promoted norms. However, when there has been no membership prospect and high levels of PKK violence, it has been the openness of Turkish political actors that has resulted in rule adoption, in which the social learning of the Turkish political actors has led to the adoption of EU promoted norms as an appropriate way to solve existing terrorism problems.
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Dugdale, Paul. "Public management in the welfare state : managerialism and consumer advocacy in the 1980's." Master's thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110706.
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This thesis is about recent developments in the Australian
welfare state. The historical focus is on the Federal Labor
administration in Australia in the 1980s. It is concerned
with questions about the public administration in society
with regard to social welfare. This concern covers the
internal arrangements of the bureaucracy, its effect on
society through its actions, and its interactions with
society that influence its operation.
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Sanders, Will. "Access, administration and politics : the Australian social security system and Aborigines." Phd thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130118.
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This work is about Australian government social security
policy towards Aborigines. It begins by outlining the move from
the legislative exclusion of Aborigines from the social security
system in the early part of this century to their gradual
legislative inclusion between 1941 and 1966. The rest of chapter
1 is devoted to clarifying my conceptual approach to the notion
of policy and to outlining an approach to the study. In it I
argue that policy needs to be understood in terms of patterns of
governmental commitment over time, rather than as something that
can be comprehended in particular documents, such as legislation,
or in the words or actions of particular participants, such as
government ministers. As a consequence, policy needs to be
studied and analysed as it emerges from the strategic
interactions of all those involved in a particular shpere of
governmental activity. This approach to the study of policy
commits me to examining the established patterns of governmental
commitment against which recent relations between Aborigines and
the social security system have emerged. For this reason, the
rest of part I of the work provides background material on the
general dynamics of Australian social security administration and
on general governmental approaches to Aborigines.
Parts II and III of the work provide a detailed empirical
account of recent relations between the social security system
and Aborigines. Building on a distinction between patronal and
legal bureaucratic access structures for the poor, part II
analyses the changing roles and resources of participants
involved in this area of government activity. Chapter 4 identifies the way in which social security payments to
Aborigines were, until the 1960s, largely incorporated into the
existing highly patronal special purpose state-level Aboriginal
welfare systems. Chapter 5 traces the transformation of this
pattern of servicing through a growing DSS awareness of and
commitment to it new Aboriginal clientele, while chapter 6
identifies the effects on Aboriginal access to social security
payments of changes in the non-government Aboriginal welfare
sector.
Part III of the work inquires more closely into the
processes through which this general policy change has occurred.
It examines a number of specific debates in recent years over the
application of particular aspects of the social security system's
rules to Aborigines. Chapter 7 examines instances of the
breakdown of standard DSS procedures when applied to Aborigines.
Chapter 8 recounts debates over the application of the social
security system's family income units to Aborigines. Chapters 9
and 10 are concerned with various aspects of recent debates over
Aboriginal eligibility for unemployment benefit.
Part IV of the work returns to the overall concern with
policy maintenance and transformation. Drawing on the details of
parts II and III, it attempts first to identify the general
nature of the transformation of Aboriginal access to social
security payments and of the DSS's commitment to Aborigines and
second to identify some general characteristics of the processes
through which this policy change has emerged.
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Jayasuriya, Kanishka Chittapriya. "Politics, economics and welfare : a comparative study of social expenditure in Australia and Canada." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123989.
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This study presents an analysis of the determinants of
social expenditure in Australia and Canada within a
comparative perspective. Its objectives are two-fold: first,
to review and examine the key economic, social and
political factors influencing outlays of public expenditure;
second, to carry out an empirical evaluation of competing
explanations of the link between party and policy.
The core research problem of the study is a test of two
models portraying the role and function of political parties
and policy. One model termed the ’structural’, highlights
the importance of socio-economic constituencies of parties in
moulding party objectives; and the other, the ’strategic
actor' model stresses the importance of strategic
incentives in shaping policy objectives. The analysis of the
association between political party structures and policy
outputs is undertaken with reference to social expenditure,
and permits an evaluation of these competing models in
accounting for policy outcomes. Differences in party
structure and organisation in Australia and Canada provide
the basis for an empirical test of these two models within a
’similar systems' design.
Methodologically a distinctive feature of the study is
the use of a subset of quasi-experimental designs, the
multiple-interrupted time-series design, to examine the
differential impact of key political variables such as type
of ’administration’ on policy outcomes.
Initially, the economic determinants of expenditure are
identified, paying heed to the effects of the international
economic environment on policy. The latter are especially
relevant in the economies of both countries as they are
heavily dependent on the export of primary commodities. The
political influences on expenditure outlays studied pertain
to political administration and political competition. Both
sets of influences are also subject to empirical examination.
The major empirical findings of the study are threefold.
First, it shows that international economic movements
as reflected in expenditure changes are more apparent for
Canada than Australia. This is largely because of key
economic institutions such as the Arbitration system in
Australia which served to insulate domestic income from the
adverse effects of external forces. Expenditure was not
needed to the same degree as in Canada to stabilise
fluctuations in income. Secondly, the influence of
’administration’ on policy outcomes is evident in both
countries. An explanation of this is offered in terms of a
’turnover model' of party functioning where the strategic
incentives for parties in government are seen as the principal determinants of policy priorities. Finally, there
is strong evidence that the factor of political competition,
or more specifically inter-party competition, present in both
countries is a significant factor in explaining expenditure
and policy outcomes.
In terms of the core research problem identified
earlier, the findings lend strong support for the strategic
actor conception of party rather than the structural
perspective. This finding has important implications for the
study of party and policy-making. It suggests that
consideration of party strategies should be of crucial
analytical interest. From a broader systematic perspective,
the issues examined in this study, shows that despite obvious
differences in political systems of Canada and Australia,
there are marked similarities especially in the way political
factors such as political competition and government
administrations influence policy.
21
Arthurson, Kathy (Kathryn Diane). "Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates." 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha791.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332) Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
22
Green, Rosemary. "Traversing the great divide! : preparing social work and welfare students for rural practice in Australia." Thesis, 2006. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/59771.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy"This professional doctorate portfolio presents the results of my investigations into how to better prepare social work and welfare students for rural practice in Australia."--p. 2.
23
Arthurson, Kathryn Diane. "Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates / Kathy Arthurson." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21768.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332)x, 332 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm.
Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001
24
Edwards, Janet Kay. "Policing and practising subjectivities poor and working class young women and girls and Australian government mutual obligations policies." 2004. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/24987.
Full textAbstract:
Australian government Mutual Obligations welfare policies, key features of contemporary Australian welfare reforms are the focus of this study. The subjectivities of poor and working class young women and girls and the subject positions made available to them through Mutual Obligations policies are focal points. A key concern is, 'How do Mutual Obligations policies, their texts, discourses and implementation strategies construct the subjectivities of Australian poor and working class young women and girls?' This study asks what subject positions are made available by the policy, how policy discourses are taken up and enacted by policy subjects, and enquires after the lived effects of government policies.thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2004.
25
Stuart, Graeme Robert. "Nonviolence and youth work practice in Australia." 2003. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/services/library/adt/public/adt-NNCU20040424.074321/index.html.
Full text
26
Martin, Yew May. "The economic survival of indigenous mothers in a changing labour market." Phd thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147199.
Full text
27
Yu, Peng. "Outcomes, recall and expectations : four essays on fertility and income support." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149702.
Full text
28
Averis, Roslyn Ann. "Averting the crisis - or avoiding the compromise?: a regulation approach to social inclusion policies and practices in the Australian context." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49949.
Full textAbstract:
The South Australian Rann Labor government elected in 2002 became the first in the nation to address ‘social exclusion’ through the implementation of a Social Inclusion Initiative. The increasingly popular term ‘social exclusion’ was first used overseas in the early 1970s to describe serious symptoms of socio-economic disadvantage linked with global economic restructuring. Taking the South Australian policy initiative as a point of departure, this thesis provides a multi-layered analysis of social exclusion discourses and policy approaches, exploring their significance in the context of Australia’s shifting welfare state terrain. In so doing, the thesis seeks to break new ground both at general theory and specific case study levels by utilising a regulation approach (RA) to test the research hypothesis that ‘social inclusion’ policies are reflective of a transitional neoliberal (or, in some instances, Third Way) mode of social regulation which is inadequate to arrest rising socio-economic inequality linked to the collapse of the post-war ‘Fordist-Keynesian’ consensus. The cross-disciplinary regulation approach is a method of inquiry used to analyse spatially and temporally specific shifts in phases of capitalist accumulation and the different policy and institutional arrangements that support accumulation in each phase. The complex and interrelated institutional shifts at the Australian national level are critical to understanding the origins and impact of ‘social inclusion’ policies. Hence the adoption of this type of policy approach at the South Australian state level is considered in a broader national political economic context where the phenomenon of social exclusion is located within national welfare to work reforms. By applying a regulationist lens to examine the global concept of social exclusion in a local and broader national setting, the thesis offers empirical evidence to one of the ‘missing links’ in the ‘post-Fordist’ literature. That is, it contributes to the debate about whether nascent neoliberal or Third Way modes of social regulation have potential to stabilise capitalism’s inherent crisis tendencies, or whether they merely extend a period of institutional searching. The thesis concludes that the South Australian Social Inclusion Initiative in various ways appears to be not only partial and inadequate in its own terms, but fundamentally in conflict with the South Australian government’s broader policy objectives. In short, it shows that the Initiative has inadequate capacity to address the impact of global structural changes that have caused the polarisation of wealth and increasing poverty. Furthermore, it is argued that this approach attempts to suppress class dissent by silencing potential critics, and fails to intersect with or compensate for national level policies which have served to depress wages and simultaneously reduce the welfare safety net. It is concluded from these findings that these policies do not have the capacity to contribute to an equitable or sustainable new mode of social regulation. The thesis argues that a more comprehensive approach to ‘social inclusion’ is required in the post-Keynesian era and proposes further research to this end.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1348509
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008
29
Connon, Aileen F. "Living on the city margins : homelessness, violence and stratagems of survival in an Australian metropolis." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/110532.
Full textAbstract:
Based on fieldwork in a Community Day Centre from January to August 1997, this study looks at the lives of twentieth century urban nomads in an Australian city. Focusing on homelessness and violence ; it characterizes the lifestyle ; behaviour patterns ; and, survival tactics and strategems of those studied. Draws on Bourdieu's concept of capital to explore the nomad economy in the city, and Weber's conceptualisation of ideal types to study the structure of the Community Day Centre. Analyses the Centre's dilemma of its philosophy of empowering its clients, while at the same time maintaining control.Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1999
30
"Farm saved seed (FSS) and royalty generation for wheat in France, United Kingdom, and Australia - policy implications for Canada." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-09-1756.
Full textAbstract:
The majority of wheat research in the world and in Canada is conducted by the public sector. The government of Canada has introduced legislation to update its plant breeder’s rights (PBR) legislation, making Canada compliant with the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 91 convention, with the goal to stimulate private investment in wheat variety research. International experience with UPOV 91 reveals a wide range of outcomes depending on the specific royalty setting mechanisms allowed within their domestic legislation.
This thesis compares Canada’s existing policy to three very different international examples (France, United Kingdom, and Australia) of UPOV 91 compliant royalty collection systems for wheat. The model presented is one of a monopolistic competitive wheat-breeding industry with the introduction of a new certified seed variety. Farmers have the option to use farm saved seed (FSS) or certified seed on their farm. The additional economic benefit created from the innovation and its distribution is analyzed and interpreted for both, farmers (social benefit) and breeders (private benefit).
The results of the analysis show that while each UPOV 91 compliant model generates more revenue for farmers and breeders than Canada’s current policy, they tend to generate less than expected revenue in the short-run. If a country has strong intellectual property rights (IPRs), it will attract some domestic and foreign investment and possibly a beneficial collaboration between the public, private, and producer sector, also known as P4 (public-private-producer-partnerships).
31
Walter, MM. "Working their way out of poverty? : Australian sole mothers, labour market participation and welfare reform." Thesis, 2003. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22106/1/whole_WalterMaggie2003_thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last 30 years, the social policy discourse surrounding Australian sole
mothers' relationship to the labour market has altered dramatically. Policy has swung
from supporting sole mothers to stay home to rear children to, now, obligating
market activity once a child reaches school age. These policy shifts have been fuelled
by social, demographic changes, plus, more latterly, changes in political ideology
around the nature and purpose of the welfare state. Moves to overhaul the Australian
welfare system coincide with the rising influence of neo-liberalist ideologies across
social and family policy prescriptions. Under welfare reform, income support
reliance is cast as welfare dependency and addressed by applying mutual obligation
principles to sole parents. Policy rationales centre on negative comparisons of the
workforce activity of sole m,others with that of married mothers. Simultaneously,
family policy is creating direct disincentives for partnered mothers to return to the
workforce. The juxtaposition of these competing policy directions creates a conflict
in the ideological positioning of sole and married mothers within a market economy.
The central question of this thesis emerges from this policy dichotomy, and asks: is
sole mothers' relationship to the labour market different from that of married
mothers?
Using data from the Negotiating the Lifecourse Survey (NLC) 1996/97, the thesis
comparatively examines sole and married mother respondents (N = 585) across three
labour market dimensions. The ideological dimension compares the mothers'
attitudes towards the compatibility of mothering and market work; the practical
dimension examines the sole and married mothers' current workforce status and
reasons for this level of market activity; and the financial dimension explores the
comparative impact of mothers' occupational and partnered status on household
material well-being. The results indicate that for sole and married mothers, the
pathway to labour market activity is the same and intimately connected to the
mothering role. Yet within this core similarity, the results also suggest that sole
mothers' relationship with the labour market is more complex, with the soleness of
sole motherhood emerging as a significant explanatory factor in all three comparative
analysis. The thesis concludes that despite motherhood being the defining feature of each group's labour market relationship, the environment in which sole and married
mothers negotiate their labour market determinations differs. To illustrate this vital
difference in the personal, social, and political reality of sole motherhood, within the
core of motherhood similarity, a Domain of Motherhood Model is developed. The
model's two panels emphasise the essential similarity in sole and married mothers'
relationship with the labour market while also demonstrating that each dimension of
the sole mothe!s' labour market relationship - the ideological, the practical and the
financial - is, itself, enveloped within the lived experience of being a sole mother in
the Australian 'liberal' welfare state. Finally, a range of policy alternatives is
explored and the likely directfon of future welfare reform on sole mothers'
. relationship with the labour market is canvassed.
32
Osborn, Alexandra L. "A national profile and review of services and interventions for children and young people with high support needs in Australian out-of-home care." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37849.
Full textAbstract:
One of the major challenges currently being faced by out-of-home care services is the issue of placement breakdown and multiple placements, and the psychological effects of these experiences. Previous longitudinal research by Barber and Delfabbro (2004) indicates that approximately 15-20% of young people in Australian out-of-home care have significant emotional and behavioural problems or 'high support needs' that often condemns them to a life of repeated placement instability and further psychosocial harm.
This thesis reports the findings of Australia's first national comparative study of 364 children with this placement profile in four Australian States (Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia). Based on detailed interviews with case-workers, case-file reading, and comprehensive analysis of objective placement data, this study provides a detailed analysis of the social and family background of this population of children, their psychosocial profile, service history, and their placement experiences. It was found almost all of the children with high support needs in Australian out-of-home care had been subjected to traumatic, abusive, and highly unstable family backgrounds. A proportion of young people had experienced over 30 placement changes and approximately 70% scored in the clinical range of emotional and behavioural disturbance. The young people in the sample were generally very similar in their characteristics. Children within this population appear to form one single cluster based upon very common family experiences; namely, the combined effects of domestic violence, substance abuse, physical violence and neglect. Such findings suggest very strongly that out-of- home care policy cannot, and should not, be considered in isolation from other important areas of social policy and public health.
Following the review of the characteristics of the children, the thesis examined the range of therapeutic interventions and placement options that might be suitable to address their needs. This section involved a literature review, an extensive internet search of care and service options and a review of program information wherever this was available. It is clear from the review that it is very difficult to maintain this population of children and young people in stable family-based foster care arrangements within the existing out-of-home care system. This thesis highlights the need for a greater integration of services and a greater focus on ensuring an ongoing commitment to addressing the entrenched psychological and social difficulties contributing to placement instability. There is also a great need for a re-structuring and re-thinking of the continuum of care services available to children in out-of-home care, including the possible development of professional foster care services and an increased use and availability of treatment group residential care options. Most importantly, a re-structuring of the way child protective services and family, social and mental health services are provided and coordinated by State governments is felt to be desperately needed.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2006.
33
Fowkes, Lisa. "Settler-state ambitions and bureaucratic ritual at the frontiers of the labour market: Indigenous Australians and remote employment services 2011–2017." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/160842.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores how policy is enacted – in this case, the
Australian Government’s labour market program for remote
unemployed people, initially known as the Remote Jobs and
Communities Program (RJCP) and then the Community Development
Programme (CDP). It outlines the development and delivery of the
program from 2011, when the then Labor Government identified the
need for a specific remote employment program, placing the
employment participation of remote Indigenous people (who made up
over 80% of the remote unemployed) at centre stage. It examines
the changes that occurred to the program following the 2013
election of a Coalition Government, including the introduction of
‘continuous’ Work for the Dole.
The focus of the thesis is on how patterns of practice have
emerged in these programs, in particular: how providers have
responded; how frontline workers navigate their roles; and how
‘Work for the Dole’ actually operates. What emerges is a gulf
between bureaucratic and political ambitions for these programs
and the ways in which participants and frontline workers view and
enact them. This is more than a problem of poor implementation or
the subversions of street-level bureaucrats and clients. There is
evidence of a more fundamental failure of technologies of
settler-state government as they are applied to remote Indigenous
peoples. On the remote, intercultural frontiers of the labour
market, the limits of centralised attempts at ‘reform’ become
clear. Practices intended to tutor Indigenous people in the ways
of the labour market are emptied of meaning. The Indigenous
people who are the targets of governing efforts fail to conform
with desired behaviours of ‘self-governing’ citizens, even in
the face of escalating penalties. As a result, government
ambitions to transform the behaviours and subjectivities of
Indigenous people are reduced to bureaucratic rituals,
represented in numbers and graphs on computer screens in
Canberra.