Journal articles on the topic 'Public Victoria'
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1
Miller, Kelly K. "Public and stakeholder values of wildlife in Victoria, Australia." Wildlife Research 30, no. 5 (2003): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02007.
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This paper explores the management implications of a recent study that was designed to explore public and stakeholder values of wildlife in Victoria, Australia. Questionnaires (n = 1431) were used to examine values and knowledge of wildlife held by residents from seven Victorian municipalities and members of six wildlife management stakeholder groups. The results suggest that most Victorians have a relatively strong emotional attachment to individual animals (the humanistic value) and are interested in learning about wildlife and the natural environment (the curiosity/learning/interacting value). In comparison, the negativistic, aesthetic, utilitarian-habitat and dominionistic/wildlife-consumption values were not expressed as strongly. These findings suggest that wildlife managers should expect support for wildlife management objectives that reflect the relatively strong humanistic orientation of Victorians and tailor management and education programs to appeal to this value and Victorians' interest in learning about wildlife.
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Wood, Tony, Mike Sandiford, and Simon Holmes a Court. "Public Lectures." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14007.
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1. Global and national energy upheavals: what’s happening and what does it mean for Victoria? 2. Energy demand: lessons from the Victorian electricity sector. 3. Opportunities for communities amid ST the energy challenge: Hepburn Win
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Martin-Kerry, Jacqueline M., Martin Whelan, John Rogers, Anil Raichur, Deborah Cole, and Andrea M. de Silva. "Addressing disparities in oral disease in Aboriginal people in Victoria: where to focus preventive programs." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 4 (2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18100.
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The aim of this study is to determine where Aboriginal people living in Victoria attend public oral health services; whether they access Aboriginal-specific or mainstream services; and the gap between dental caries (tooth decay) experience in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. Analysis was undertaken on routinely collected clinical data for Aboriginal patients attending Victorian public oral health services and the distribution of Aboriginal population across Victoria. Approximately 27% of Aboriginal people attended public oral health services in Victoria across a 2-year period, with approximately one in five of those accessing care at Aboriginal-specific clinics. In regional Victoria, 6-year-old Aboriginal children had significantly higher levels of dental caries than 6-year-old non-Aboriginal children. There was no significant difference in other age groups. This study is the first to report where Aboriginal people access public oral health care in Victoria and the disparity in disease between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal users of the Victorian public oral healthcare system. Aboriginal people largely accessed mainstream public oral healthcare clinics highlighting the importance for culturally appropriate services and prevention programs to be provided across the entire public oral healthcare system. The findings will guide development of policy and models of care aimed at improving the oral health of Aboriginal people living in Victoria.
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Booth, Alison. "MILLENNIAL VICTORIA." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 1 (March 2001): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301291104.
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HAVING SURVIVED THE Y2K HYSTERIA, we may feel we have entered new corridors of one hundred and one thousand years. But it is only in 2001 that the punctilious and historical among us may at last observe a centennial, truly the final year of the past century and the hundredth anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria.1 The Jubilees in the last decades of Victoria’s life, and the ceremonies of international mourning that followed her death, might seem to have said goodbye to all that, but in many ways we are still under the sway of the great queen who lent her name to the age before “the American century.” Our own fin-de-siècle urges us to rediscover the many forms of Victoria that have “been hidden in plain view for a hundred years,” as Margaret Homans and Adrienne Munich put it in their co-edited collection of essays, Remaking Queen Victoria (1).2 While North American and British feminist studies have dwelt among Victorian ways since the 1970s — with implications that I will consider below — the queen herself has recently commanded critical attention that might seem, like so many features of Victoria’s public performance, out of proportion. Yet that excess, like our obeisance to the arbitrary power of the calendar, seems to be the very stuff of imagined community and ideological construction, and thus worth watching in action. In any case, when feminist literary critics such as Adrienne Munich, Margaret Homans, and Gail Turley Houston
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McMullen, Gabrielle L. "Noted colonial German scientists and their contexts." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 127, no. 1 (2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs15001.
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German scientists made substantial and notable contributions to colonial Victoria. They were involved in the establishment and/or development of some of the major public institutions, e.g. the Royal Society of Victoria, National Herbarium, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Museum Victoria, the Flagstaff Observatory for Geophysics, Magnetism and Nautical Science, the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria and the Victorian College of Pharmacy. Further, they played a leading role not only in scientific and technological developments but also in exploration – Home has identified ‘science as a German export to nineteenth century Australia’ (Home 1995: 1). Significantly, an account of the 1860 annual dinner of the Royal Society of Victoria related the following comment from Dr John Macadam MP, Victorian Government Analytical Chemist: ‘Where would science be in Victoria without the Germans?’ (Melbourner Deutsche Zeitung 1860: 192). This paper considers key German scientists working in mid-nineteenth century Victoria and the nature and significance of their contributions to the colony.
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Horyniak, Danielle, Mark Stoové, Keflemariam Yohannes, Alan Breschkin, Tom Carter, Beth Hatch, Jane Tomnay, Margaret Hellard, and Rebecca Guy. "The impact of immigration on the burden of HIV infection in Victoria, Australia." Sexual Health 6, no. 2 (2009): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08088.
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Background: Accurate estimates of the number of people diagnosed and living with HIV infection within a health jurisdiction provide the basis for planning of clinical service provision. Case reporting of new diagnoses does not account for inwards and outwards migration of people with HIV infection, thereby providing an inaccurate basis for planning. Methods: The Victorian passive surveillance system records all cases of HIV diagnosed in Victoria and distinguishes between new Victorian diagnoses (cases whose first ever HIV diagnosis was in Victoria) and cases previously diagnosed interstate and overseas. In order to gain an understanding of the impact of population movement on the burden of HIV infection in Victoria, we compared the characteristics of people first diagnosed in Victoria with those previously diagnosed elsewhere. Results: Between 1994 and 2007 there were 3111 HIV notifications in Victoria, including 212 (7%) ‘interstate diagnoses’ and 124 (4%) ‘overseas diagnoses’. The proportion of cases diagnosed outside Victoria increased from 6.4% between 1994 and 2000 to 13.8% between 2001 and 2007. Compared with ‘new diagnoses’, a larger proportion of ‘interstate diagnoses’ reported male-to-male sex as their HIV exposure, were Australian-born and diagnosed in Victoria at a general practice specialising in gay men’s health. Compared with ‘new diagnoses’, a larger proportion of ‘overseas diagnoses’ were female, reported heterosexual contact as their HIV exposure, and were diagnosed in Victoria at a sexual health clinic. Conclusions: Between 1994 and 2007 more than 10% of Victorian HIV diagnoses were among people previously diagnosed elsewhere. Characteristics of both interstate and overseas diagnoses differed from new diagnoses. Service planning needs to be responsive to the characteristics of people moving to Victoria with previously diagnosed HIV infection.
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Sundararajan, Vijaya, Kaye Brown, Toni Henderson, and Don Hindle. "Effects of increased private health insurance on hospital utilisation in Victoria." Australian Health Review 28, no. 3 (2004): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040320.
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The proportion of Victorians and Australians generally with private health insurance (PHI) increased from 31% in 1998 to 45% in 2001. We analysed a dataset containing all hospital separations throughout Victoria to determine whether changes in the level of private health insurance have had any impact on patterns of public and private hospital utilisation in Victoria. Total utilisation of private hospitals grew by 31% from 1998?99 to 2002?03, whereas utilisation of public hospitals increased by 18%. Total bed-days have increased in both private hospitals and public hospitals by 12%. The proportion of all separations at private hospitals has remained relatively stable between these 2 years, with 33% of all separations being private patients in private hospitals in 1998? 99, increasing slightly to 35% by 2002?03. Analysis of a number of specific DRGs shows that patients with more severe disease are more likely to be seen at public hospitals; notably this trend has strengthened between 1998?99 and 2002?03. The number of patients treated in Victorian public hospitals has continued to grow, despite a rapid increase in the utilisation of private hospitals. Given the limited extent of the shift in caseload share between the two sectors, the effectiveness of the Commonwealth?s subsidy of private health insurance as a mechanism to reduce pressure on the public sector needs to be carefully examined.
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Antioch, Kathryn M., Michael K. Walsh, David Anderson, and Richard Brice. "Forecasting hospital expenditure in Victoria: Lessons from Europe and Canada." Australian Health Review 22, no. 1 (1999): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah990133.
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This paper specifies an econometric model to forecast State government expenditure on recognised public hospitals in Victoria. The OECD's recent cross-country econometric work exploring factors affecting health spending was instructive. The model found that Victorian Gross State Product, population aged under 4 years, the mix of public and private patients in public hospitals, introduction of case mix funding and funding cuts, the proportion of public beds to total beds in Victoria and technology significantly impacted on expenditure. The model may have application internationally for forecasting health costs, particularly in short and medium-term budgetary cycles.
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McNair, Peter, and Stephen Duckett. "Funding Victoria's public hospitals: The casemix policy of 2000-2001." Australian Health Review 25, no. 1 (2002): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020072.
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On 1 July 1993 Victoria became the first Australian state to use casemix information to set budgets for its public hospitals commencing with casemix funding for inpatient services. Victoria's casemix funding approach now embracesinpatient, outpatient and rehabilitation services.
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Ansari, Z., MJ Ackland, NJ Carson, and BCK Choi. "Small Area Analysis of Diabetes Complications: Opportunities for Targeting Public Health and Health Services Interventions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 3 (2005): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05045.
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The objective of this paper is to present small area analyses of diabetes complications in Victoria, Australia, and to illustrate their importance for targeting public health and health services interventions. Local government areas in Victoria were aggregated into 32 Primary Care Partnerships (PCP), which are voluntary alliances of primary care providers. The 32 PCP areas were used as the basic geographic units for small area analyses. Admission rates for diabetes complications were age and sex standardised using the direct method and the 1996 Victorian population as the reference. Admission rate ratios were calculated using the Victorian admission rates as the reference. The 95 per cent confidence intervals for the standardised admission rate ratios were based on the Poisson distribution. There was a wide variation (almost fivefold) in admission rates for diabetes complications across the PCP catchments, with the lowest standardised rate ratio of 0.37 and the highest of 1.75. There were 11 PCPs (seven metropolitan, four rural) with admission rate ratios significantly higher than the Victorian average. The seven metropolitan PCPs contributed more than 43% of all admissions and bed days for diabetes complications in Victoria. Small area analyses of diabetes complications are an exciting new development aimed at stimulating an evidence-based dialogue between local area health service providers, planners and policy-makers. The purpose is to provide opportunities to target public health and health services interventions at the local level to improve the management of diabetes complications in the community.
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Lee, Peter, Angela L. Brennan, Dion Stub, Diem T. Dinh, Jeffrey Lefkovits, Christopher M. Reid, Ella Zomer, and Danny Liew. "Estimating the economic impacts of percutaneous coronary intervention in Australia: a registry-based cost burden study." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e053305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053305.
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ObjectivesIn this study, we sought to evaluate the costs of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) across a variety of indications in Victoria, Australia, using a direct per-person approach, as well as to identify key cost drivers.DesignA cost-burden study of PCI in Victoria was conducted from the Australian healthcare system perspective.SettingA linked dataset of patients admitted to public hospitals for PCI in Victoria was drawn from the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry (VCOR) and the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset. Generalised linear regression modelling was used to evaluate key cost drivers. From 2014 to 2017, 20 345 consecutive PCIs undertaken in Victorian public hospitals were captured in VCOR.Primary outcome measuresDirect healthcare costs attributed to PCI, estimated using a casemix funding method.ResultsKey cost drivers identified in the cost model included procedural complexity, patient length of stay and vascular access site. Although the total procedural cost increased from $A55 569 740 in 2014 to $A72 179 656 in 2017, mean procedural costs remained stable over time ($A12 521 in 2014 to $A12 185 in 2017) after adjustment for confounding factors. Mean procedural costs were also stable across patient indications for PCI ($A9872 for unstable angina to $A15 930 for ST-elevation myocardial infarction) after adjustment for confounding factors.ConclusionsThe overall cost burden attributed to PCIs in Victoria is rising over time. However, despite increasing procedural complexity, mean procedural costs remained stable over time which may be, in part, attributed to changes in clinical practice.
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Metcalfe, Jenni, and Michelle Riedlinger. "Identifying and Testing Engagement and Public Literacy Indicators for River Health." Science, Technology and Society 14, no. 2 (July 2009): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097172180901400203.
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Natural resource management (NRM) organisations in Australia are increasingly recognising the need for complement studies of biophysical condition of the environment with studies of social condition, such as values, understanding, and participation related to the environment. Relevant and reliable social indicators that can be scaled and measured on a regular basis are essential to meet this need. In this study, we identified four indicators to test the social condition of the public in the State of Victoria in Australia with regard to river health. These indicators were river use, river knowledge and literacy, values and aspirations, and river health behaviours. We tested the four indicators through telephone and web-based surveys with over 1000 people in three areas of Victoria. We analysed the survey data statistically and gathered baseline data on the social condition of river health in the three regions. We made recommendations for how this data could be interpreted and used in community engagement and science communication programmes about river health. We also examined the limitations of the methodology and recommended modifications to the survey design and application for an anticipated roll-out of the survey across the entire State of Victoria. The Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) will use this survey instrument to test social indicators on a regular basis.
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Heilbrunn-Lang, Adina Y., Lauren M. Carpenter, Seona M. Powell, Susan L. Kearney, Deborah Cole, and Andrea M. de Silva. "Reviewing public policy for promoting population oral health in Victoria, Australia (2007–12)." Australian Health Review 40, no. 1 (2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15013.
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Objective Government policy and planning set the direction for community decisions related to resource allocation, infrastructure, services, programs, workforce and social environments. The aim of the present study was to examine the policy and planning context for oral health promotion in Victoria, Australia, over the period 2007–12. Methods Key Victorian policies and plans related to oral health promotion in place during the 2007–12 planning cycle were identified through online searching, and content analysis was performed. Inclusion of oral health (and oral health-related) promotion initiatives was assessed within the goals, objectives and strategies sections of each plan. Results Six of the 223 public health plans analysed (3%) included oral health ‘goals’ (including one plan representing nine agencies). Oral health was an ‘objective’ in 10 documents. Fifty-six plan objectives, and 70 plan strategies related to oral health or healthy eating for young children. Oral health was included in municipal plans (44%) more frequently than the other plans examined. Conclusion There is a policy opportunity to address oral health at a community level, and to implement population approaches aligned with the Ottawa Charter that address the social determinants of health. What is known about the topic? Poor oral health is a significant global health concern and places a major burden on individuals and the healthcare system, affecting approximately 50% of all children and 75%–95% of adults in Australia. The Ottawa Charter acknowledges the key role of policy in improving the health of a population; however, little is known about the policy emphasis placed on oral health by local government, primary care partnerships and community health agencies in Victoria, Australia. What does this paper add? This is a review of oral health content within local government (municipal) and community health plans in Victoria, Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings identify several opportunities for public health and community health practitioners and policy makers to place greater emphasis on prevention and improvement of the oral health of Victorians through policy development.
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Meadows, Graham. "Geographical Resource Allocation for Public Mental Health Services in Victoria." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 1 (February 1997): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073805.
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Objective:To provide background information on the approach of area based funding models for mental health services, to describe the considerations which have come to bear in the development process of the Victorian model, to explore the impacts of different models, and to suggest courses for further development. Method:The history of this approach to funding in the UK and the USA is summarised, then an account is given of the development of the Victorian model. The position is put that the validation of such models is hampered by having only sparse relevant data. Suggestions are made for improving this situation. Results:The Victorian model has come to include adjustments for socioeconomic disadvantage, the age, sex and marital status structure of the population, and a variable discounting for estimated substitutive activity of the private sector. Different methods of combining these adjustments into a working formula can be seen to have very different impacts. Conclusions:The approach taken in development of this model can be expected to have major influence on funding within Victoria, but also more widely in Australia. The impacts of differing assumptions within these models are significant. Specifically targeted epidemiological research, and activity analysis of the private sector will be necessary to enhance the validity of models of this type.
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Chu, John. "Analysis and Evaluation of Victorian Reform in General Damages for Personal Injury under the Tort of Negligence." Deakin Law Review 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2007vol12no2art223.
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<p>This article examines the current legislative structures in Victoria for compensating non-economic losses for personal injuries under the tort of negligence. It first provides a background on the tort of negligence in general and damages for non-economic losses in particular. It then outlines the changes that have swept through Victoria and in the rest of Australia for comparative purposes. This article offers a critique of the rationale and justification for those changes, analyses the implications of the changes at both Victorian and Commonwealth levels across the public, professional and product liability areas, and concludes with a discussion of the overall effect of the Victorian reforms.</p>
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Ackland, Michael J., Bernard CK Choi, and Zahid Ansari. "Guest Editorial: Indicators and Public Health Policy." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 3 (2005): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05035.
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This issue includes a paper from the Victorian Department of Human Services, Australia, addressing applications of data on ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalisations. This work has been very important for Victoria as it provides robust new indicators of access and quality of primary care services that have direct application to current public health policy. On the surface, this work appears to be the result of a simple set of analyses of routine hospitalisations data; commonplace data that are usually presented in bureaucratic reports that have a life gathering dust on the desks of public sector health administrators. How could such data excite anybody or provoke a practical policy or strategic response?
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Ansari, Zahid, Norman Carson, Adrian Serraglio, Toni Barbetti, and Flavia Cicuttini. "The Victorian Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Study: reducing demand on hospital services in Victoria." Australian Health Review 25, no. 2 (2002): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020071.
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Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) are those for which hospitalisation is thought to be avoidable ifpreventive care and early disease management are applied, usually in the ambulatory setting. The Victorian ACSCs study offers a new set of indicators describing differentials and inequalities in access to the primary healthcare systemin Victoria. The study used the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (1999-2000) for analysing hospital admissions for diabetes complications, asthma, vaccine preventable influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. The analyses were performed at the level of Primary Care Partnerships (PCPs). There were 12 100 admissions for diabetes complicationsin Victoria. There was a 12-fold variation in admission rates for diabetes complications across PCPs, with 13 PCPs having significantly higher rates than the Victorian average, accounting for just over half of all admissions (6114) and39 per cent total bed days. Similar variations in admission rates across PCPs were observed for asthma, influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. This analysis, with its acknowledged limitations, has shown the potential for using theseindicators as a planning tool for identifying opportunities for targeted public health and health services interventions in reducing demand on hospital services in Victoria.
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Holmes, Jean. "VICTORIA." Australian Journal of Public Administration 44, no. 2 (June 1985): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1985.tb02435.x.
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Holmes, Jean. "VICTORIA." Australian Journal of Public Administration 46, no. 2 (June 1987): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1987.tb01432.x.
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Holmes, Jean. "VICTORIA." Australian Journal of Public Administration 47, no. 2 (June 1988): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1988.tb01055.x.
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Postcommodity, Alex Waterman, and Ociciwan. "In memoriam... Mary Cecil, Victoria Callihoo (née Belcourt), and Eleanor (Helene) Thomas Garneau." Public 29, no. 58 (December 1, 2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public.29.58.68_7.
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Fennessy, Kathleen M. "'Industrial Instruction' for the 'Industrious Classes': Founding the Industrial and Technological Museum, Melbourne." Historical Records of Australian Science 16, no. 1 (2005): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr05003.
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This paper examines the movement to foster scientific and technical learning in the colony of Victoria during the 1860s. It discusses how the concept of a public museum for 'industrial' and 'technological' instruction emerged, and analyses the events leading to the establishment of the Industrial and Technological Museum, Victoria's first public institution for educating the people in applied science.
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Sharwood, Penny, and Bernadette O'Connell. "Assessing the relationship between inpatient and outpatient activity:a clinical specialty analysis." Australian Health Review 23, no. 3 (2000): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000137a.
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General and specialist services in public acute hospital outpatient departments play a key role in the health care systemand represent a vital interface between inpatient and community care. Typically outpatient services involve millionsof patient visits within a very short time frame and in Victoria alone between 8-10 million outpatient occasions ofservice are provided each year. Drawing on the first full year of data from the Victorian Ambulatory ClassificationSystem (VACS) this paper examines the patterns underlying the distribution of inpatient separations and outpatientencounters at 16 major Victorian public hospitals and assesses the relationship between inpatient and outpatientactivity at the clinical specialty level.
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Aitken, Campbell, and Cheryl Delalande. "A Public Health Initiative for Steroid Users in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02022.
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Anabolic steroid injectors are at risk of infection with blood-borne viruses (BBVs), but have received little attention from researchers, practitioners or agencies working in public health. In recognition of this gap, in early 1996 the Steroid Peer Education Project (SPEP) began providing part-time mobile needle and syringe distribution and health information and referral services to steroid injectors in north-eastern Melbourne. Demand repeatedly caused the project to expand, and its sole peer worker now operates Victoria-wide, five days per week. Basic information on injecting practices collected from SPEP clients showed that many were at risk of BBV infection. This led to the initiation of a collaborative research project, in which SPEP clients were tested for BBV antibodies and provided detailed information about their risk behaviours. Of 29 steroid injectors tested between May and August 1999, three (10%) had antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, and they described behaviour which could spread the virus to other steroid users. These results show that blood-borne viruses are present in the Victorian steroid injecting community, and reinforce the SPEP's commitment to reducing harm in this group.
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Stanton, Pauline. "Employment relationships in Victorian public hospitals: the Kennett years." Australian Health Review 23, no. 3 (2000): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000193a.
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From 1992 to 1999, the Kennett government in Victoria moved to competitive market models of service delivery andthe measurement of service provision through casemix funding. Public hospital managers were given greateraccountability for the costs and provision of service delivery and a new range of service providers, many from theprivate sector, entered the public health market. The decentralisation of the industrial relations system led to newdevelopments in bargaining that brought both opportunities and problems. In the Victorian public health system therewas an increasing emphasis on decentralisation in both service provision and employment relations. In this paper Isuggest that there were contradictions in these developments for government, and new challenges and difficulties foremployers, employees and trade unions.
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Spencer, Ray D., and Lea O. Jellinek. "Public concerns about pine plantations in Victoria." Australian Forestry 58, no. 3 (January 1995): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1995.10674651.
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TAYLOR, J. C. "Public Sector Audit in Victoria: Leading Where?" Australian Accounting Review 8, no. 15 (May 1998): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.1998.tb00077.x.
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Edokpolo, Benjamin, Nathalie Allaz-Barnett, Catherine Irwin, Jason Issa, Pete Curtis, Bronwyn Green, Ivan Hanigan, and Martine Dennekamp. "Developing a Conceptual Framework for Environmental Health Tracking in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101748.
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Victoria’s (Australia) Environment Protection Authority (EPA), the state’s environmental regulator, has recognized the need to develop an Environmental Health Tracking System (EHTS) to better understand environmental health relationships. To facilitate the process of developing an EHTS; a linkage-based conceptual framework was developed to link routinely collected environmental and health data to better understand environmental health relationships. This involved researching and drawing on knowledge from previous similar projects. While several conceptual frameworks have been used to organize data to support the development of an environmental health tracking system, Driving Force–Pressure–State–Exposure–Effect–Action (DPSEEA) was identified as the most broadly applied conceptual framework. Exposure and effects are two important components of DPSEEA, and currently, exposure data are not available for the EHTS. Therefore, DPSEEA was modified to the Driving Force–Pressure–Environmental Condition–Health Impact–Action (DPEHA) conceptual framework for the proposed Victorian EHTS as there is relevant data available for tracking. The potential application of DPEHA for environmental health tracking was demonstrated through case studies. DPEHA will be a useful tool to support the implementation of Victoria’s environmental health tracking system for providing timely and scientific evidence for EPA and other decision makers in developing and evaluating policies for protecting public health and the environment in Victoria.
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Gordon, Victoria. "Emotional Labor: Putting the Service in Public Service." Public Voices 12, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.93.
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Lucas, A. M., Sara Maroske, and Andrew Brown-May. "Bringing Science to the Public: Ferdinand von Mueller and Botanical Education in Victorian Victoria." Annals of Science 63, no. 1 (January 2006): 25–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00033790500365389.
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Finn, Janet L. "La Victoria." Journal of Community Practice 13, no. 3 (November 2005): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j125v13n03_02.
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Muir, Carlyn, Ian R. Johnston, and Eric Howard. "Evolution of a holistic systems approach to planning and managing road safety: the Victorian case study, 1970–2015." Injury Prevention 24, Suppl 1 (February 16, 2018): i19—i24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042358.
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BackgroundThe Victorian Safe System approach to road safety slowly evolved from a combination of the Swedish Vision Zero philosophy and the Sustainable Safety model developed by the Dutch. The Safe System approach reframes the way in which road safety is viewed and managed.MethodsThis paper presents a case study of the institutional change required to underpin the transformation to a holistic approach to planning and managing road safety in Victoria, Australia.ResultsThe adoption and implementation of a Safe System approach require strong institutional leadership and close cooperation among all the key agencies involved, and Victoria was fortunate in that it had a long history of strong interagency mechanisms in place. However, the challenges in the implementation of the Safe System strategy in Victoria are generally neither technical nor scientific; they are predominantly social and political. While many governments purport to develop strategies based on Safe System thinking, on-the-ground action still very much depends on what politicians perceive to be publicly acceptable, and Victoria is no exception.ConclusionsThis is a case study of the complexity of institutional change and is presented in the hope that the lessons may prove useful for others seeking to adopt more holistic planning and management of road safety. There is still much work to be done in Victoria, but the institutional cultural shift has taken root. Ongoing efforts must be continued to achieve alert and compliant road users; however, major underpinning benefits will be achieved through focusing on road network safety improvements (achieving forgiving infrastructure, such as wire rope barriers) in conjunction with reviews of posted speed limits (to be set in response to the level of protection offered by the road infrastructure) and by the progressive introduction into the fleet of modern vehicle safety features.
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Dahlhaus, Peter, Angela Murphy, Andrew MacLeod, Helen Thompson, Kirsten McKenna, and Alison Ollerenshaw. "Making the invisible visible: the impact of federating groundwater data in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.169.
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The Visualising Victoria's Groundwater (VVG) web portal federates groundwater data for the State of Victoria, Australia, thus making legacy data, government datasets, research data and community-sourced data and observations visible to the public. The portal is innovative because it was developed outside of the government and offers real-time access to remote authoritative databases by integrating the interoperable web services they each provide. It includes tools for data querying and 3D visualisations that were designed to meet end-user needs and educate the broader community about a normally invisible resource. The social impact of the web portal was measured using multidisciplinary research that employed survey instruments, expert reference groups, and internet analytics to explore the extent to which the web portal has supported decision making by governments, industry, researchers and the community. The research found that single access, multiple data set web portals enhance capacity by providing timely, informed and accurate responses to answer queries and increase productivity by saving time. The provision of multiple datasets from disparate sources within a single portal has changed practices in the Victorian groundwater industry.
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McCann, Warren. "Redeveloping Primary Health and Community Support Services in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00032.
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Why Primary Care Reforms?: It gives me very great pleasure to have been asked to speak at this major international Conference about redeveloping primary health and community support services in Victoria. While opening the Conference, the Victorian Minister for Health, the Honourable John Thwaites, launched the Primary Care Partnership Strategy which is one of the most ambitious and far reaching primary health and community support reform agendas in Australia.
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Dobbie, Meredith, and Ray Green. "Public perceptions of freshwater wetlands in Victoria, Australia." Landscape and Urban Planning 110 (February 2013): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.11.003.
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Nancarrow, Susan A., Gretchen Young, Katy O'Callaghan, Mathew Jenkins, Kathleen Philip, and Kegan Barlow. "Shape of allied health: an environmental scan of 27 allied health professions in Victoria." Australian Health Review 41, no. 3 (2017): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16026.
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Objective In 2015, the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services commissioned the Victorian Allied Health Workforce Research Program to provide data on allied health professions in the Victorian public, private and not-for-profit sectors. Herein we present a snapshot of the demographic profiles and distribution of these professions in Victoria and discuss the workforce implications. Methods The program commenced with an environmental scan of 27 allied health professions in Victoria. This substantial scoping exercise identified existing data, resources and contexts for each profession to guide future data collection and research. Each environmental scan reviewed existing data relating to the 27 professions, augmented by an online questionnaire sent to the professional bodies representing each discipline. Results Workforce data were patchy but, based on the evidence available, the allied health professions in Victoria vary greatly in size (ranging from just 17 child life therapists to 6288 psychologists), are predominantly female (83% of professions are more than 50% female) and half the professions report that 30% of their workforce is aged under 30 years. New training programs have increased workforce inflows to many professions, but there is little understanding of attrition rates. Professions reported a lack of senior positions in the public sector and a concomitant lack of senior specialised staff available to support more junior staff. Increasing numbers of allied health graduates are being employed directly in private practice because of a lack of growth in new positions in the public sector and changing funding models. Smaller professions reported that their members are more likely to be professionally isolated within an allied health team or larger organisations. Uneven rural–urban workforce distribution was evident across most professions. Conclusions Workforce planning for allied health is extremely complex because of the lack of data, fragmented funding and regulatory frameworks and diverse employment contexts. What is known about this topic? There is a lack of good-quality workforce data on the allied health professions generally. The allied health workforce is highly feminised and unevenly distributed geographically, but there is little analysis of these issues across professions. What does this paper add? The juxtaposition of the health workforce demographics and distribution of 27 allied health professions in Victoria illustrates some clear trends and identifies several common themes across professions. What are the implications for practitioners? There are opportunities for the allied health professions to collectively address several of the common issues to achieve economies of scale, given the large number of professions and small size of many.
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Kellehear, Allan. "Guest Editorial: Inaugural Victorian State Conference on Palliative Care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 5, no. 1 (1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py99001.
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The inaugural Victorian State Conference on Palliative Care was held at La Trobe University between February 10-12th, 1999. It was organised by Palliative Care Victoria and hosted by the La Trobe University Palliative Care Unit, which is a division of the School of Public Health. Titled 'Sink or Swim: Palliative Care in the Mainstream', the conference theme was a review of current Victorian palliative care policies and their impact on practitioners. The conference was officially opened by the state Minister for Health and Aged Care, the Hon. Rob Knowles. One hundred and fifty delegates attended.
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Buhler, Sarah. "Cardboard Boxes and Invisible Fences: Homelessness and Public Space in City of Victoria v. Adams." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v27i1.4568.
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This paper analyzes the recent decision of the British Columbia Supreme Court in City of Victoria v. Adams. Specifically, the paper considers three interlocking themes that emerge from the decision: (1) the nature of “public space” in the context of homelessness; (2) the autonomy of homeless individuals; and (3) the meaning and value of the “homeless body.” With reference to each theme, the paper explores how the judgment in Adams grapples with the purportedly normative “Law and Economics”- type arguments put forth by the City of Victoria. By drawing on insights from Critical Legal Studies theory and feminist jurisprudence, the paper shows that Adams subverts and destabilizes certain “normative” perspectives about public space and homelessness. However, the paper goes on to argue that in its conflation of “cardboard box” shelters with the “invisible fences” envisioned by Justice Wilson in Morgentaler, Adams presents an ambiguous victory for anti-poverty advocates. The paper argues that the decision may serve to increase barriers for a broader and more progressive understanding of section 7 in the future.Dans cet article, on analyse le jugement récent de la Cour Suprême de la Colombie Britannique dans City of Victoria v. Adams. Plus précisément, on considère trois thèmes qui ressortent du jugement et qui s’entrecroisent : (1) la nature d’«espace public» dans le contexte de l’itinérance; (2) l’autonomie des sans-abri; et (3) la signification et la valeur du «corps sans abri». En rapport avec chaque thème, on explore comment l’arrêt Adams compose avec les arguments supposément normatifs du genre «La Loi et l’Économie» avancés par la ville de Victoria. En s’inspirant de perceptions tirées de la théorie des Critical Legal Studies et de la jurisprudence féministe, l’auteure démontre que l’arrêt Adams subvertit et déséquilibre certaines perspectives «normatives» au sujet de l’espace public et l’itinérance. Cependant, elle poursuit en arguant que de fondre les abris «en boîtes en carton» et les «barrières invisibles» contemplées par la juge Wilson dans Morgentaler, comme le fait l’arrêt Adams, présente une victoire ambiguë pour ceux et celles qui luttent contre la pauvreté. L’auteure soutient que le jugement pourrait contribuer à augmenter les barrières devant une compréhension plus large et plus progressive de l’article 7 à l’avenir.
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Cronshaw, Darren. "Exploring Local Church Praxis of Public Theology." International Journal of Public Theology 14, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 68–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341601.
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Abstract The Baptist Union of Victoria (BUV) encourages local churches to give priority to contributing to the well-being of their local neighbourhoods through community engagement and advocacy. This commitment to holistic mission and local community development is an integral part of the public theology of local churches, given Elaine Graham’s argument that ‘practical care and service constitutes the essential praxis of public theology’. But to what extent does the reality of BUV local church mission match this rhetoric? The 2016 National Church Life Survey (NCLS) helps identify what community service BUV churches and their members are involved in. This article discusses the statistical state-wide responses of Victorian Baptists from NCLS 2016, together with interview responses from church leaders. It explores aspects of community development most valued by attenders, where church members are volunteering, and how and where churches are providing social services, prophetic advocacy and environmental care. This denominational case study illustrates that churches offering social services and fostering advocacy and creation care are functioning as the local praxis of public theology.
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Rezaei-Darzi, Ehsan, Janneke Berecki-Gisolf, and Dasamal Tharanga Fernando. "How representative is the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD) for population-based injury surveillance in Victoria? A retrospective observational study of administrative healthcare data." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e063115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063115.
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ObjectiveThe Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD) is a key data resource for injury surveillance. The VEMD collects emergency department data from 39 public hospitals across Victoria; however, rural emergency care services are not well captured. The aim of this study is to determine the representativeness of the VEMD for injury surveillance.DesignA retrospective observational study of administrative healthcare data.Setting and participantsInjury admissions in 2014/2015–2018/2019 were extracted from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (VAED) which captures all Victorian hospital admissions; only cases that arrived through a hospital’s emergency department (ED) were included. Each admission was categorised as taking place in a VEMD-contributing versus a non-VEMD hospital.ResultsThere were 535 477 incident injury admissions in the study period, of which 517 207 (96.6%) were admitted to a VEMD contributing hospital. Male gender (OR 1.13 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.17)) and young age (age 0–14 vs 45–54 years, OR 4.68 (95% CI 3.52 to 6.21)) were associated with VEMD participating (vs non-VEMD-participating) hospitals. Residing in regional/rural areas was negatively associated with VEMD participating (vs non-VEMD participating) hospitals (OR=0.11 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.11)). Intentional injury (assault and self-harm) was also associated with VEMD participation.ConclusionsVEMD representativeness is largely consistent across the whole of Victoria, but varies vastly by region, with substantial under-representation of some areas of Victoria. By comparison, for injury surveillance, regional rates are more reliable when based on the VAED. For local ED-presentation rates, the bias analysis results can be used to create weights, as a temporary solution until rural emergency services injury data is systematically collected and included in state-wide injury surveillance databases.
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Shih, S., R. Carter, S. Heward, and C. Sinclair. "Costs Related to Skin Cancer Prevention in Victoria and Australia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 9s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10800.
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Background: The aim of this presentation is to provide an update on the economic evaluation of the Australian SunSmart program as well as outline the cost of skin cancer treatment to the Victorian public hospital system. This follows the publication of two recently released published economic evaluations that discusses the potential effects of skin cancer prevention inventions. Aim: 1. To highlight the cost effectiveness of skin cancer prevention in Australia 2. To highlight the costs of skin cancer treatment in the Victorian public hospital system 3. To provide strong evidence to inform governments of the value of skin cancer prevention to reduce the costs of treatment in future years. Methods: Program cost was compared with cost savings to determine the investment return of the program. In a separate study, a prevalence-based cost approach was undertaken in public hospitals in Victoria. Costs were estimated for inpatient admissions, using state service statistics, and outpatient services based on attendance at three hospitals in 2012-13. Cost-effectiveness for prevention was estimated from 'observed vs expected' analysis, together with program expenditure data. Results: With additional $AUD 0.16 ($USD 0.12) per capita investment into skin cancer prevention across Australia from 2011 to 2030, an upgraded SunSmart Program would prevent 45,000 melanoma and 95,000 NMSC cases. Potential savings in future healthcare costs were estimated at $200 million, while productivity gains were significant. A future upgraded SunSmart Program was predicted to be cost-saving from the funder perspective, with an investment return of $3.20 for every additional dollar the Australian governments/funding bodies invested into the program. In relation to the costs to the Victorian public hospital system, total annual costs were $48 million to $56 million. Skin cancer treatment in public hospitals ($9.20∼$10.39 per head/year) was 30-times current public funding in skin cancer prevention ($0.37 per head/year). Conclusion: The study demonstrates the strong economic credentials of the SunSmart Program, with a strong economic rationale for increased investment. Increased funding for skin cancer prevention must be kept high on the public health agenda. This would also have the dual benefit of enabling hospitals to redirect resources to nonpreventable conditions.
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Parker, Neville. "The Garry David Case." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (September 1991): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679109062638.
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A prisoner with an antisocial personality disorder had almost completed his sentence for attempted murder and there was considerable public concern over his imminent release. The article discusses the many attempts made by the Victorian Government during the past six months to detain him. A recommendation was made to change the Mental Health Act 1986 by including personality disorders as a form of “mental illness”. The outcome of such advice has enormous implications for the practice of psychiatry in Victoria.
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Wood, Debra A., Debra A. Wood, and Philip M. Burgess. "Epidemiological Analysis of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Victoria, Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 3 (June 2003): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01182.x.
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Objective: To determine the population-based utilization rate of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Victoria between 1998–1999, to examine the characteristics of the ECT treated group, and to identify patient factors independently associated with differential rates of ECT treatment. Method: Electroconvulsive therapy is reported under statute in Victoria, Australia. Crude, age-adjusted and age–sex specific utilization rates were calculated using this statutory data for the 1998–1999 financial year and estimated mid-year populations from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive characteristics of those treated with ECT were derived from the statutory data. Patient factors associated with an increased likelihood of ECT in the public sector were explored with logistic regression analysis, using non-ECT treated mental health patients from the Victorian Psychiatric Case Register as the reference population. Results: The crude treated-person and age-adjusted rates for the State (both public and private sectors) were 39.9 and 44.0 persons per 100 000 resident population per annum, respectively. The crude and age-adjusted administration rates were 330.3 and 362.6 ECT administrations per 100 000 resident population per annum, respectively. Age–sex specific rates varied by age and sex, with rates generally increasing with age and female sex. Overall, 62.8% of the treated group were women, 32.9% aged over 64, and 75.2% had depression. Diagnosis, age and sex each independently predicted ECT in the public sector, with diagnosis the most important factor, followed by age then sex. Conclusions: Despite decades of use, the appropriate rate of ECT utilization is still unclear. Further research should be directed at exploring the factors, including provider variables, determining ECT treatment.
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O’Neill, Deirdre, Valarie Sands, and Graeme Hodge. "P3s and Social Infrastructure: Three Decades of Prison Reform in Victoria, Australia." Public Works Management & Policy 25, no. 3 (January 15, 2020): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x19899103.
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Once regarded as core public sector business, Australia’s prisons were reformed during the 1990s and Australia now has the highest proportion of prisoners in privately managed prisons in the world. How could this have happened? This article presents a case study of the State of Victoria and explains how public–private partnerships (P3s) were used to create a mixed public–private prison system. Despite the difficulty of determining clear and rigorous evaluation results, we argue that lessons from the Victorian experience are possible. First, neither the extreme fears of policy critics nor the grandiose policy and technical promises of reformers were fully met. Second, short-term success was achieved in political and policy terms by the delivery of badly needed new prisons. Third, the exact degree to which the state has achieved cheaper, better, and more accountable prison services remains contested. As a consequence, there is a need to continue experimentation but with greater transparency.
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Ribonson, Priscilla, and Mark F. Gilheany. "Is there a role for podiatric surgeons in public hospitals? An audit of surgery to the great toe joint in Victoria, 1999–2003." Australian Health Review 33, no. 4 (2009): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090690.
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This project aimed to describe and compare the frequencies of procedures performed by podiatric surgeons and orthopaedic surgeons for elective surgery to the great toe joint, an area of identified clinical need. The objective was to determine whether podiatric surgeons in the Australian context possess a surgical skill set which can be utilised in the public health sector. The Medicare Benefits Schedule (Medicare Australia) was reviewed to identify all codes relating to great toe joint surgery and frequency data were obtained for the period July 1999 to June 2003. A separate audit of the activity of Victorian podiatric surgeons was conducted. During the 4 years in Victoria, the number of procedures performed on this joint by 152 orthopaedic surgeons was 5882. Two podiatric surgeons in Victoria performed 1260 operations on this joint over this period (17.6% of great toe joint surgery on average each year in the private sector). Utilising orthopaedic workforce figures and on a per-surgeon basis, during this period the podiatric surgeons performed this type of surgery between 2 and 16 times more often than the orthopaedic surgeons, and consideration should be given to using these skills in the public sector to address the growing demand.
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Lemoh, Chris N., Samia Baho, Jeffrey Grierson, Margaret Hellard, Alan Street, and Beverley-Ann Biggs. "African Australians living with HIV: a case series from Victoria." Sexual Health 7, no. 2 (2010): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09120.
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Background: This research aimed to describe the characteristics of African-born Victorians living with HIV, identify associations with delayed HIV diagnosis and describe their response to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods: A case series of African-born adults living with HIV in Victoria was conducted. Data was collected in interviews and reviews of case notes. Associations with delayed HIV diagnosis (CD4 below 200 cells µL–1 at diagnosis and/or AIDS within 3 months of HIV diagnosis) were explored using univariate regression. AIDS-defining illnesses and response to cART were described. Results: Fourteen males and six females were included. Ten were born in the Horn of Africa (nine in Ethiopia). Sixteen had sexual exposure (12 heterosexual; four male-to-male sex). Seven reported acquiring HIV in Australia. Median CD4 count at diagnosis was 145 cells µL–1. Ten had delayed HIV diagnosis, of whom eight were born in the Horn of Africa. Delayed HIV diagnosis was associated with birth in the Horn of Africa (odds ratio: 11.56). Nine had a diagnosis of AIDS, including three cases of tuberculosis, three of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and two of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Eighteen had received cART, of which 16 achieved virological suppression and 15 achieved a CD4 count above 200 cells µL–1. Clinical failure and virological failure occurred in seven and five cases, respectively. Conclusions: HIV prevention strategies for Victoria’s African communities should address HIV exposure in Australia. Ethiopian-born Victorians with HIV appear to be at particular risk of delayed diagnosis. Response to cART in this series was comparable to that observed in other industrialised countries.
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Chapin, Patrick. "Late-Victorian Gentlemen Entrepreneurs Venturing Into New Worlds of Canadian Business: The Nestegg Mining Company, 1896-981." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 16, no. 1 (May 7, 2007): 169–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015731ar.
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Abstract This case study examines how a group of late nineteenth century Victoria businessmen adjusted to the transition from traditional family capitalism to joint stock company management of a remote speculative mining venture. They encountered numerous unfamiliar obstacles including prejudicial management, the long-distance factor, public investors, and innovations in advertising and financing. Ultimately, Victoria’s unique geography and cultural setting foiled their efforts to establish themselves as Western Canada’s centre of venture capitalism.
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Johnston, Kim, and Jessica Oliva. "COVID-19 Lockdown Landslides: The negative impact of subsequent lockdowns on loneliness, wellbeing, and mental health of Australians." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, no. 4 (December 13, 2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i4.855.
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Objective. We previously reported on loneliness, depression, anxiety and stress of Australians living alone during the first COVID-19-related government enforced lockdown in Australia. At this time, those living alone were experiencing relatively low levels of emotional distress. Since then, one state, Victoria, underwent a second extended lockdown period and until now, it was unclear what impact this sequential lockdown might have had on the mental health and wellbeing of Victorian citizens. The current study aimed to add to the emerging literature on the lockdown experience in Australia by directly comparing the levels of anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, and wellbeing between Victorians in the second extended lockdown and Australians in the first lockdown. Design. Data from our original study of 384 Australians was compared with cross-sectional surveys of 340 Victorians during the second lockdown period. Setting. An online survey was administered with people residing in Victoria self-selecting to complete the study. Outcome Measures. Participants were asked to complete the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), WHO-5 Wellbeing Scale, and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. They were also invited to offer their insights into how the second extended lockdown experience had differed from the first. Results. Independent samples t-tests revealed that Australians were significantly more depressed, anxious, stressed, and lonely, and experienced reduced psychological wellbeing in the second lockdown compared to the first however overall, the levels indicated mild psychological distress. Qualitative insights revealed impact on mental health and a feeling of increased restrictions during lockdown two. Conclusions. Participants demonstrated adaptation to the lockdowns, providing support for the measures the Australian government have adopted to physically protect Australians from COVID-19. Management of the negative psychological impact through attention to wellbeing practices is however recommended in light of the increase in mental health concerns and likely further lockdown periods.
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James, Sarah. "Aboriginal People, Local Government, and Public Drunkenness in Victoria." Humanity & Society 18, no. 1 (February 1994): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059769401800104.
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Barker, Donald. "Reformers and reform: towards free public libraries in Victoria." Australian Library Journal 56, no. 3-4 (November 2007): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.2007.10722430.
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