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Jakobsson, Johan. "Examining public space transformation : A case study of rationalities and inclusiveness in public space planning in Stockholm." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193827.
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The exclusion of marginalized individuals or groups from public space through interventions as part of processes of urban transformation, and the disparity between these processes and the stated motivations behind them have been widely researched (Berney, 2013; Low, 2020; Madanipour, 2020; Mitchell, 2017). The aim of the thesis is to critically examine the disconnect between motivations and outcomes in public space planning through the theoretical perspective of a right to the city (Lefebvre, 1996), applying the idea of circulating spatial rationalities (Huxley, 2006). The thesis takes a qualitative approach, and is designed as a case study, focused on the urban park Rålambshovsparken. The chosen methods were semi-structured interviews with four participants involved in the planning of the park, and a document analysis of three planning documents. The findings show that the interventions in the park could be said to affect inclusiveness in a few different ways, for example through overly protective measures, to ensure a perceived required quality level. Also that the motivations belong to larger spatial rationalities, the participants adhere to different spheres of rationality, though interlinking with each other.
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Butler, Christopher, and n/a. "Law and the Social Production of Space." Griffith University. Griffith Law School, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040521.141805.
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This study investigates the relationship between law and space by focusing on the role of the land-use planning system in producing the space of Australian urban regions. The primary aim of the project is to demonstrate the significance of the theoretical and sociological framework of Henri Lefebvre for an emerging field of socio-legal studies concerned with the relationship between law and geography. To this point very few contributions to this field have considered the theoretical connections between law and space in any depth. This thesis demonstrates how Lefebvre's sophisticated theory of the socially produced nature of space can broaden the scope of 'law and geography' research. It does so through a detailed survey of Lefebvre's work and a deployment of his ideas in a series of inquiries into the production of space in Australia. This endeavour is pursued in two stages. Part I of the thesis begins by examining how explanatory models within the social sciences have become increasingly concerned with the spatial dimensions of social life. This 'spatial turn' is reflected in a small, but growing literature within socio-legal studies which focuses on the interdisciplinary connections between law and geography. However the theoretical foundations of this field remain underdeveloped. Through an analysis of Lefebvre's writings, this thesis identifies an anti-reductionist methodological approach to space and its social production. This is used to establish a theoretical framework for the study of the spatial dimensions of law. Part II of the thesis uses this framework to address two questions about the law-space relationship. The first of these is concerned with how law is involved in the production of space. This is considered through three linked studies of the production, planning and legal regulation of space. The starting point for this investigation is the geographical site of suburbia. Lefebvrean categories are used to redescribe Australian suburbia as a form of abstract space - simultaneously fragmented, homogeneous and hierarchically organised. The thesis then argues that the land-use planning system in the post-war decades played a significant role in the development of this form of settlement space, by adhering to a form of bureaucratic thinking that Lefebvre characterises as the rationality of habitat. This rationality embodied technocratic functionalism, a visualised formalism and a structural imposition of expert authority in planning decision-making. With the shift to a neoliberal state form in the last two decades, there have been significant changes to spatial planning. Through an analysis and critique of the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (Qld), it is demonstrated that under neoliberalism there has been a reformulation of the rationality of habitat. In particular, the Integrated Planning Act relies on two new formal strategies, the exchange form and the integrative form, in instituting its changes to planning practice. The exchange form abolishes the technique of land-use 'zoning' and increases the use of market mechanisms in the designation of spatial uses. The integrative form restructures the relationships between local and State government agencies and attempts to channel most forms of public participation into the early stages of policy formation. This thesis argues that rather than changing the spatial outcomes of land-use planning, by commodifying space and restructuring the hierarchies of state decision-making, the Integrated Planning Act will continue to reproduce the social relations of abstract space. The second question in Part II deals with how Lefebvre's ideas can contribute to critical thinking about public law in general. It is argued that while law plays a significant role as a producer of space through the planning system, processes of spatial production also shape and structure state institutions. Two areas of research which could benefit from a Lefebvrean theoretical framework are identified. The first area concerns explanations of the effects on public law of the reterritorialised state form that has emerged under neoliberalism. The second is the renewal of critical theory in public law. In particular, the thesis makes the case that the spatial contradiction between the use and exchange values that are attached to space, challenges the normative orthodoxy within public law scholarship which relies on the values of participation and accountability. This thesis contributes to socio-legal research in three important ways. Firstly, it uses Lefebvre's theoretical approach to develop a critical planning law, linking state planning to the process of the production of space. Secondly, the thesis uses Lefebvrean categories to link the study of public law to political struggles which surround spatial production. It suggests a new way for critical legal scholarship to conceptualise public law in terms of the relationship between state power and the inhabitance of space. Lastly, these inquiries demonstrate the importance and relevance of Lefebvre's social theory for the discipline of socio-legal studies. By grounding the concept of 'space' in material processes of production, a Lefebvrean approach provides an alternative to existing theoretical accounts within law and geography research and will deepen our understanding of the relationships between legal and spatial relations.
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Johnston, Katrina Leigh. "Public Space and Urban Life: A Spatial Ethnography of a Portland Plaza." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/624.
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The Urban Center Plaza at Portland State University is a high profile place situated in downtown Portland, Oregon. In some ways it is the ideal university plaza providing space for eating, conversing, or limited recreational activity. It is a place that has been studied before, but not in a more in-depth method incorporating quantitative and qualitative analyses. It is also a place that has gone through several stages of development and is the target of many opinions based on casual observations, at times due to these changes. This thesis focuses on an ethnography of place in this particular plaza in an effort to more thoroughly analyze how people use the space and how it came together to become the plaza known by Portlanders today. This is done through the use of random video observations, direct observations, and in-depth interviews with those who were involved in the creation of the plaza. Analysis of the video recordings includes pedestrian counts, behavioral maps, and common routes taken through the plaza. Direct observations provide more insight into the day-to-day activities of the plaza and the phenomenological perspective of the design elements. Interviews allow for a more complete timeline of events in order to assess the plaza properly. By combining these methods based on other plaza-based ethnographies, it is concluded that the plaza is a well-used and successful space and even suggest possible areas of improvement. Methods are also assessed for future use on other city parks and plazas, possibly in a comparative context.
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Rawoot, Azraa. "Solving residual spaces: a template for cities in envisaging disregarded public space into places that encourage and promote socio-economic development and prioritise pedestrianism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28249.
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This document intends to chronicle a narrative working process which is the basis of this urban design project. The research involves a sixmonth investigation into current urban design theory and practice applied to the city as well as site scale. The design commences with an intention which is informed by a combination of theoretical, surrogate, factual and contextualised factors. The process has been one of reconciling the blurred boundaries between conflicting ideas of a design that is economically realisable in the short term and experimenting with new and largely unexplored ways of city-making in radically changing cities in which urban land is scarce and increasingly valuable. Parts One and Two of this document are intended to be independent of Parts Three and Four. The initial chapters are an investigation into challenges of any modern city and the final chapter is an illustration of a solution to only chosen site.
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Ståhle, Alexander. "Compact sprawl : Exploring public open space and contradictions in urban density." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9193.
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Twentieth century urbanization has left a tremendous footprint on the globe. It is generally speaking a spread out fragmented suburban and exurban landscape continuously growing according to what has been called sprawl-like development, increasing energy and automobile dependency, challenging urban sustainability. Recently urban growth has also turned inwards because of economic and political change. Thus one of the main challenges for future urban design will be to ‘compact sprawl’. This thesis, set in the field of urban morphology, explores the spatial conditions for suburban densification by looking at administrative and user-related measures of density, public open space, and pedestrian accessibility. If we consider useful open space, it would not decrease density, but rather increase spatial compactness. So would also a well-connected street network, if we consider accessibility as part of density. The thesis’ first four papers explore new measures that contradict ordinary notions of density and the last three papers examine densification scenarios on different urban scales in collaboration with urban planners in practice. The paper Place syntax explores a possibility to combine the space syntax description of cognitive accessibility, axial line distance, with place attraction into a combined attraction-accessibility analysis model. Empirical investigation shows that place syntax analysis captures pedestrian movement and can be used for new types of location density analyses. Sociotope mapping describes the theoretical body of a new urban planning tool called the “sociotope map” (sociotopkarta) developed in Stockholm planning practice. The map emphasizes that the same public open space can have different direct use values for different people and thereby assesses qualitative open space area. Exploring Ambiterritory investigates the notion of (sub)urban no-man’s-land. Densification most often means increased open space use, which naturally leads to an increase of potential conflicting territorial interests. However, the reduction of vague user space and unclear legal territories by densification can increase the size of useful open space. More green space in a denser city investigates whether little public green space means low accessibility. User questionnaires and GIS-analyses in ten city districts in Stockholm correlate and show that it is possible to have more accessible green space in a denser city. Strategic exurban landscape densification investigates different municipal location strategies and development rates in the municipality of Kungälv. Results show that location strategies create the biggest landscape impact and not development rates. Greening metropolitan growth analyzes the density landscape in Stockholm county region and finds some correlations with health and socioeconomic variables. Growth scenarios in the regional plan for 2030 show decreasing compactness and spaciousness in inner suburbia. Compact sprawl experiments use the measures developed in the former papers on four densification scenarios in two suburbs in Stockholm. The results show how it is possible to efficiently compact modernist sprawl, particularly the inner suburbs. It is likely that we will be more dependent on walking, bicycling, and public transportation in the future. Street networks and public open spaces are then key issues today just as they were at the end of the nineteenthcentury, creating compact, sustainable, liveable, equitable, and more competitive cities. In fact, many compact urban cores such as in Stockholm, London, and Manhattan have through the 20th century persistently stood up to the competition against more sprawling cities. The thesis shows that compacting inner suburbia seems to be the new frontier many cities and planners are facing. In fact, this is a vast unexplored field that needs further attention in urban studies and urban morphology in particular.QC 20100913
Stadsform och hållbar utveckling
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Newman, Sophie. "Remaking "Public" Space: Neoliberal Spatial Management and the Criminalization of Homelessness in San Francisco's Union Square." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1513514669204236.
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Harvey, Chester Wollaeger. "Measuring Streetscape Design for Livability Using Spatial Data and Methods." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/268.
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City streets are the most widely distributed and heavily trafficked urban public spaces. As cities strive to improve livability in the built environment, it is important for planners and designers to have a concise understanding of what contributes to quality streetscapes. The proportions and scale of buildings and trees, which define the three-dimensional extents of streetscapes, provide enduring, foundational skeletons. This thesis investigates how characteristics of such streetscape skeletons can be quantified and tested for appeal among human users.
The first of two journal-style papers identifies a concise set of skeleton variables that urban design theorists have described as influential to streetscape appeal. It offers an automated GIS-based method for identifying and cataloging these skeleton variables, which are practical to measure using widely available spatial data. Such an approach allows measurement of tens of thousands of street segments precisely and efficiently, a dramatically larger sample than can be feasibly collected using the existing auditing techniques of planners and researchers. Further, this paper examines clustering patterns among skeleton variables for street segments throughout Boston, New York, and Baltimore, identifying four streetscape skeleton types that describe a ranking of enclosure from surrounding buildings--upright, compact, porous, and open. The types are identifiable in all three cities, demonstrating regional consistency in streetscape design. Moreover, the types are poorly associated with roadway functional classifications--arterial, collector, and local--indicating that streetscapes are a distinct component of street design and must receive separate planning and design attention.
The second paper assesses relationships between skeleton variables and crowdsourced judgments of streetscape visual appeal throughout New York City. Regression modeling indicates that streetscapes with greater tree canopy coverage, lined by a greater number of buildings, and with more upright cross-sections, are more visually appealing. Building and tree canopy geometry accounts for more than 40% of variability in perceived safety, which is used as an indicator of appeal. While unmeasured design details undoubtedly influence overall streetscape appeal, basic skeletal geometry may contribute important baseline conditions for appealing streetscapes that are enduring and can meet a broad variety of needs.
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Blomquist, Aviva. "Understanding Community Sense of Place and Social Sustainability Through Instagram : The establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the demolition of Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193909.
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Blomquist, Aviva (2021). Understanding Community Sense of Place and Social Sustainability Through Instagram: The establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the demolition Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame. Human Geography, advanced level, master’s thesis for Master exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits Supervisor: Danielle Drozdzewski Language: English Key words: Digital geography, sense of place, social media, public space socio-spatial planning, participation, social sustainability, cultural sustainability. This thesis investigates digital sense of place and social and cultural sustainability issues in the establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the subsequent demolishment of (parts of) Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame. Drawing on theories of the more or less digital world, the non-representational, the more-than human, and the idea of geolocative social media as participatory public space (in the making), the thesis aim was to investigate how covert netnography/digital ethnography and discourse analysis can help us understand sense of place, and to identify sustainability issues through geotagged user generated data on Instagram. The empirical findings reveal conflicting community sense of place, assembled through complex entanglements between algorithms, physical structures/landscape, language, and sensory embodiments, which were simultaneously digital and non-digital. There were indications that the flows of posts geotagged on Instagram functioned as ‘claimed’ participatory public space, where stakeholder communities discussed place outside of dominant political imaginations. In addition, the posts indicated social and cultural sustainability issues. The main conclusion is that this type of discourse analysis of social media has the potential for functioning as a ‘passive’ participation strategy, and for creating deliberative discussions with stakeholder communities based on an understanding of place as they experience it.
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Lehtovuori, Panu. "Experience and conflict the dialectics of the production of public urban space in the light of new event venues in Helsinki 1993-2003 /." Espoo : Helsinki University of Technology, Centre for Urban and Regional Studies, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/76268378.html.
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Bahammam, Omar S. O. "The social needs of the users in public open space : the involvement of socio-cultural aspects in landscape design of the outdoor urban environment in Ar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15747.
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With the modern development and urbanisation in the city of Ar Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, public gardens were introduced as the major public recreational facilities. The establishment of the public gardens commenced at the beginning of the 1980s. Since that time, the number of public gardens has reached 34. They vary in size, the smallest is about 3,000 sq. m. and the largest is about 455,000 sq. m. The rapid development of these facilities, in such a short time, did not allow for extensive assessment of the residents' needs. Rather, the design of these gardens emerged without precedent, based on foreign examples. Because of the adoption of foreign design ideas, the outcome did not respond to the socio-cultural aspects which existed in and were respected by the society. The study was an attempt to recognise and understand the relationship between the sociocultural aspects that govern and guide people's behaviour and the outdoor recreational environment. In order to investigate the relation between human behaviour and the physical environment, three research techniques were defined by which the various dimensions and details concerning the socio-cultural aspects which govern human behaviour can be identified, described and clarified. The techniques used are archive search, observing the behaviour-environment and a questionnaire survey. As a results of the analytical process, specific issues which strongly related to the socio-cultural aspects of human behaviour in the outdoors were identified as important in determining the level of compatibility between the intended behaviours and their meanings and the physical setting of the recreational environment. In order to create a coherent built environment that responds positively to the intended functions expected by certain people, knowledge and understanding of their socio-cultural values and behaviours must be acquired and applied in the design process.
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Evers, Sarah E. "Altering the Urban Frontier: Gentrification and Public Parks in New York City." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/28.
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After decades of cuts to federal funding, cities were left with few resources for public services, particularly parks and open spaces. Current trends of massive gentrification in New York City are changing the housing market and other components of the private sector. In addition to altering socio-spatial dynamics in the housing and consumer markets, gentrification can alter public spaces as well. By comparing three New York City neighborhoods at different stages of gentrification, I analyzed socio-spatial dynamics, public and private funding, event programming, and ethnographically observed changes in the physical and social landscape of the park, and neighborhood, over time.
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Ozkan, Selcen Ozgul. "Appropriation And Allocation In The (re)production Of Public Spaces: A Survey On Three Cases From Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612577/index.pdf.
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Public space is one of the most essential components of urban spaces, as the notion refers to the society and its values. Besides, public spaces provide the society with an opportunity of expression and identificationthey have the potential of signification and of orientation of citizens
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Dias, Inês Nunes Cibrão Mota. "Entre o natural e o construído." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13938.
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Ekmekci, Onur. "Neoliberal Urbanization in the case of Istanbul : Spatial Manifestations and Ways of Contesting It." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104831.
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Abbasi, Hamon. "Velayat park : En plats för gränsöverskridande möten mellan människor med olika socioekonomisk status." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65010.
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Tehran, the capital of Iran has undergone major urbanization in the last century, which has caused uncontrollable urban growth. Poor regulation and control of this growth has given rise to environmental problems including high air and water pollution. In turn, this has led to urban growth towards the mountains in the north, where the environment is better. However, this pressure to develop in the north has increased segregation of the city and created a clear social division of class between the northern and southern parts of the City. In light of this, and in the context of Tehran as an extremely dense city with limited green space, the City sees a possibility in transforming an unused military airport in the southern districts of the city into a new urban park. This master thesis explores how to reclaim the 270Ha former airfield and develop it as an urban park with strengthened links to surrounding neighbourhoods. The work aims to gain an understanding of how large vacant areas can become successful public areas and green places in the community. The work is based on urban theory and site analysis and brings forward design proposals for the park. Analysis work is divided into an investigative and exploratory stage. The investigative part includes literature studies, data collection and mapping of the city’s urban morphological development, taking into account physical and socio-economic processes. The exploratory part consisted of inventories, site studies and interviews in Tehran, as well as integration analysis with space syntax to explore accessibility and connections in the new park. Throughout the study shows how and why the city has evolved and highlights a connection between living in the southern districts, which are low-income areas, with also having poor access to public and recreation areas. This analysis forms the foundations for the design proposal, visualizations and programs presented about how the area can be designed as a new urban city park. In conclusion, the study highlights that in order to be able to develop new places or renew existing area’s, consideration must be given to urban morphological development. This includes the socio-economic and socio-ecological process. It further concludes, that a ecological viewpoint together with a understanding of the physical environment, the urban landscape identity and the need of people in the context needs to be brought together to plan and create parks and urban spaces
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Gil, Guilherme Pereira. "Equipamento desportivo no ordenamento do território e requalificação do lugar." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15279.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Os avanços tecnológicos registados nas últimas décadas modificaram permanentemente a sociedade, influenciando a estrutura social, a economia e os parâmetros ideológicos da mesma. O sedentarismo que se verifica na sociedade atual é inquietante e o arquiteto deve fomentar e incentivar a prática de desporto, criando espaços em que esta prática seja estimulada. Os avanços tecnológicos foram também responsáveis pelo crescimento acentuado das cidades, por vezes desregulado e espontâneo provocando vazios urbanos. O antigo hotel do Muxito, no concelho do Seixal, é atualmente um vazio urbano. Assim, o principal objetivo do presente projeto é o de ordenar o território. O ordenamento do território centra-se na reabilitação do antigo complexo turístico do Muxito e a sua conversão num parque urbano. A sua reabilitação acenta na defesa e na preservação dos valores culturais do lugar bem como na recuperação dos equipamentos que compunham o complexo hoteleiro. A reabilitação da piscina do hotel e a sua conversão num equipamento público, a edificiação de um centro de estágios e a qualidade do espaço exterior são tidos como peças fundamentais para o sucesso da reabilitação. Deste modo, considerando os conceitos de espaço público e espaço verde a intenção do projeto é a de apresentar uma proposta arquitetónica que promova o uso do lugar através da prática desportiva, do lazer e do recreio.
ABSTRACT: The technological advances achieved in the last decades have permanently modified the society, influencing the social structure, the economy and the society ideological parameters. The sedentary lifestyle in today’s society is disturbing, and the architect must encourage the practice of sport, creating specific places in which this practice is stimulated. Technological advances were also responsible for the heavy growth of cities, sometimes unregulated and spontaneous, creating undesired spaces - urban voids. The old Muxito Hotel in Seixal is nowadays an urban void. Therefore, the main goal of this project is to spatial planning the project place. The spatial planning focus on the rehabilitation of the old tourist complex of Muxito and its transformation into an urban park. The Muxito’s rehabilitation is based on the preservation and defense of cultural values of the place as well as the recovery of the equipments that made up the tourist complex. The rehabilitation of the Muxito’s complex pool and its transformation into a public facility, the building of a high performance center and the outdoor space quality are considered fundamental for a successful rehabilitation. Thus, considering the well-established concepts of public space and green space, the project intend to present an architectural proposal which promotes the use of the place through sports, leisure and recreation.
N/A
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Ludovici, Goldie. "Excuse me is this seat taken? Examining spatial preferences in public spaces." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245172349.
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Zugschwerdt, Marc. "'Designing out Crime' – A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Crime in Umeå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137192.
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The creation of sustainable and safe environments nowadays moves more and more into focus for urban planners and architects. Cities should be designed in a way to contribute to social cohesion, shaping an inclusive environment and focusing on the wellbeing of its citizens. Nevertheless, these processes can be undermined by public crime and the fear of crime, which is not only affecting aspects of personal safety but also affecting the people’s behaviour. Reasons why criminality occurs are manifold, impacted by a dynamic set of socioeconomic, demographic, personal but also environmental aspects. In recent years especially the impact of factors related to urban and environmental design respectively planning received rising attention in the field of crime prevention. However, the implementation of strategies regarding ‘crime prevention through environmental design’ or ‘designing out crime’ is still in its early stage in Sweden. This study aims to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of public crime for the case of Umeå in order to identify potential risk areas, which could receive particular attention regarding crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). In this sense a GIS based spatial analysis had the aim to detect statistically significant hotspots of crime and furthermore to assess the development of these hotspots over time. In order to understand the nature of public crime and criminal behaviour in Umeå in a more holistic way, also temporal aspects regarding the occurrence of crime were analysed. One particularly vulnerable neighbourhood was examined with a qualitative field observation regarding the principles of crime prevention through environmental design in order to assess in which way the built environment is designed and suited to prevent and deter criminality. Umeå displays rather clear patterns of higher crime activity, assigned to seasonal, weakly and daily periods, which are connected to higher activity in the public space. Also from a spatial perspective certain patterns are detectable with a higher vulnerability for crime at spots which generate higher activity such as shopping areas or neighbourhoods with nightlife and transport hub functions, and in general neighbourhoods with a higher building density. The neighbourhood of Ålidhem displayed thereby a high concentration of criminality, marked as a constant or even intensifying hotspot for the entire period of investigation. The results of the field observation regarding principles of CPTED are especially indicating a lack of maintenance and furthermore the street and building layout is contributing to disorientation. On the other hand, the area is in most cases well equipped for natural surveillance and provides a high amount of locations for leisure and recreation in order strengthen social cohesion.
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Vachon, Geneviève 1966. "Re-designing public housing integration : investigating efforts for a socio-spatial connection between project and neighborhood." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70311.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 254-260).
In 1992, the National Commission on Severely Distressed Public Housing (NCSDPH) clearly established the need to revitalize some of the most distressed and isolated housing environments in the U.S. In response, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) created HOPE VI, initially a demonstration program that evolved to support revitalization and integration models not only for the dilapidated projects, but also for the equally distressed surrounding neighborhoods. This dissertation seeks to illustrate the complexity of implementing integration efforts that seek to reverse public housing isolation by addressing two premises: 1) the integration of public housing constitutes a complex social, economic, cultural and physical matter that can, nonetheless, be clarified and coherently categorized with the help of a cross-national sample of fifteen HOPE VI revitalization efforts; and 2) public housing isolation is a multi-faceted issue that can best be understood through careful historical and morphological analysis of an individual public housing development, such as Boston's Mission Main. The dissertation is structured to highlight the mechanisms of an "isolation to integration" dynamic by analyzing, in its first part, pre-redevelopment isolation conditions and integration strategies for a fifteen-city sample (Chapters 2 and 3); and, in its second part, by detailing that dynamic for the Mission Main case (Chapters 4 and 5). More specifically, Chapter 1 traces the origins of an isolationist project mentality and its impact on design during sixty years of policymaking. Chapter 2 introduces pre redevelopment conditions as well as revitalization strategies for each of the sampled developments. Chapter 3 classifies integration strategies according to physical, socioeconomic and organizational variables. Finally, Chapter 4 investigates the roots of present day isolation in Mission Main, while Chapter 5 details the complex implementation process that characterized the Boston example. Results show that public housing isolation has origins outside the development, as revealed by morphological analysis of embedded external forces; and that re-designing the social and physical connection between project and neighborhood is a complex process influenced as much by pre-redevelopment conditions as by the desires of residents, designers or policymakers to foster integration.
by Geneviève Vachon.
Ph.D.
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Yüksel, Gökçen. "Raum." Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32556.
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In den wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen der Mathematik, Physik, Philosophie, Geschichte und der Geografie ist der Raum sowohl als Untersuchungsgegenstand als auch als Analyseinstrument von zentralem Interesse. Er kann als soziales Phänomen und Produkt sozialer Praktiken und Handlungen gelten. Theoretische Annahmen solcher Art qualifizieren Raum als analytische Kategorie und sorgen für seine Anschlussfähigkeit an die Geschlechterdifferenzierungsforschung sowie die Gender und Queer Studies. In den Fokus gerät dabei die Interdependenz von Raum- und Geschlechterordnungen.
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Tillu, Jasmine Susanna. "Spatial empowerment : the appropriation of public spaces by Filipina domestic workers in Hong Kong." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67244.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-89).
On a typical Sunday afternoon, hundreds of Filipina domestic workers (FDW) gather on the floor of public spaces in prime real estate areas of downtown Hong Kong. Over the last few decades, Hong Kong experienced rapid economic growth and industrialization, which led to an increase of middle class women leaving their traditional domestic roles to pursue mainstream workforce careers. Consequently, over 270,000 young laborers, many from the Philippines, have migrated to the city to work as domestic workers. Because they are required by law to live in the homes of their employers, they lack privacy and personal space. A resulting phenomenon is the large congregation of Filipina domestic workers in the downtown Central district on Sundays, their usual day-off. These workers occupy public spaces and return each week to the same spots, essentially creating a temporary "city within a city." Many local citizens view Filipinas and their "colonization" on Sundays as a major problem, causing conflict between local citizens, the government, and foreign workers. While various actors shape the space and its existence, in this thesis, I seek to expose this phenomenon from the point of view of the Filipina domestic workers themselves. I analyze the physical and programmatic use of space as well as the deeper meaning the space holds for the community. I also include an exploratory analysis of the impact of modern network communications on the spaces. Through ethnographic research, I learned the importance of the spaces and the real need for space among foreign migrant populations. By analyzing both FDWs' perspective on the space and how the Hong Kong city government has dealt with this phenomenon, I hope this thesis can inform municipal policy-makers and contribute to policies relating to this specific migrant community as well as other migrant communities and their spatial needs.
by Jasmine Susanna Tillu.
M.C.P.
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Tichý, Jan. "Komplexní urbanistická analýza ulice Obchodná v Bratislavě s teoretickou vizí rozvojového potenciálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401487.
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This thesis aims to create a complex urban analysis of the Obchodna street in the Bratislava city centre. It aims to identify the key problems and provide a conceptual solution for them as well. It focuses on general background analysis and planning documentation, as well as an analysis of the public space. A combination of distant and field research was used to gather the necessary data. All gathered data was subsequently processed and evaluated. Key problems and their solutions were defined on the basis of SWOT analysis. These solutions consist mostly of minor and easy changes, which can help to improve the public space in Obchodna and fulfil its potential.
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Oluyemi, Olubisi E. (Olubisi Emman). "Space and socio-cultural transformation : a diachronic study of Yoruba Urban Housing and user responses to the changes in its Spatial organization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22384.
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Mosquera, Becerra Maria Janeth. "Socio-spatial Transformation and Contested Space at the Street Level in Latin America: The Case of Cali, Colombia." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1953.
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Since 2008, more than 50% of the world's population has lived in cities and it is projected that by 2050 around 87% will do so. Designing infrastructure in urban spaces has become increasingly critical for achieving human well-being. This dissertation examines socio-spatial transformation processes related to urbanization, economic development and the marginalization of utilitarian cycling in Cali, Colombia, as a particular expression of the struggle for transportation space occurring in urban areas. The research analyzes (a) the socio-spatial processes that have restricted the use of bicycles as a means of transportation in the city of Cali, Colombia; and (b) the social, health and economic implications for people who use bicycles as their primary means of transportation in this city.
Cali is a major city in Latin America and an excellent case to study the complex dynamic of how social and economic forces are evident in resource distribution at the street level. Informed by Harvey's work (1976; 1978; 2012), combined with an environmental justice perspective (Bullard 2007), this research adopts a conceptual framework that examines the transformation of the built environment as part of capitalist led urbanization. It concludes that the implementation of transportation infrastructure was aimed at enabling productivity and profits, with less emphasis on the comprehensive needs of all citizens, ultimately marginalizing transportation options for those of lower socio-economic status. The experience in Cali can be understood as a case of consolidation of inequality at the street level.
A historical review of Cali's urbanization process demonstrates that cycling as a mode of transportation has been losing social and physical space. Analysis of the political economy of more recent economic development initiatives suggest that the City, in responding to the demands of globalization, and in conjunction with international financial agencies and national government support has implemented a Bus Rapid Transit system and a set of megaprojects which marginalize bike commuters, particularly those who bike out of economic necessity. Although bike commuters recognize economic and health and time-saving benefits of biking to themselves as individuals they also experience daily travel in Cali as a classed, problematic, stigmatized, and transitory activity. From an environmental justice perspective, the resulting impact on residents, particularly, those of lower socioeconomic stratum, unmasks the uneven distribution of environmental benefits and harms. The marginalization of biking as a means of transportation in urban areas in Latin America may be understood as a social injustice similar to the deprivation of parks, schools, health services, or housing endured by residents of lower socioeconomic status.
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Roca, Miguel. "Social segregation: spatial distribution and construction in Metropolitan Lima." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119455.
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The spatial segregation is a feature of metropolitan partners; in the case of Lima it is related to income level and social factors. In this case, the study of socio-spatial segregation from a geographic viewpoint is advantageous and timely. This is because of geography has an undiscovered potential to articulate the basis for a social and human inclusion based on knowledge and apprehension of space, in a world marked and «segregated» by incontrovertible geographical andsocial differences. In turn it breaks up old paradigms in Latin American urban research, whichis based on the acceptance of «concerted» truths without proper scientific experimentation.La segregación espacial es una característica de las metrópolis asociada en el caso de Lima conel nivel de ingresos y factores sociales. En este caso el estudio de la segregación socioespacial desde una visión geográfica resulta ventajoso y oportuno. Debido a que la geografía posee una potencialidad no descubierta de articular las bases para una inclusión social y humana a partir del conocimiento y aprehensión del espacio, en un mundo marcado y «segregado» por incontrastables diferencias geográficas y sociales. A su vez se plantea romper con viejos paradigmas en la investigación urbana latinoamericana, la cual se basa en la aceptación de verdades aceptadas «concertadamente» sin una apropiada experimentación científica.
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Larsson, Stefan. "Law and Spatial Planning. Socio-Legal Perspectives on the Development of Wind Power and 3G Mobile Infrastructures in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00595.
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This PhD thesis in Spatial Planning argues for the importance of understanding the approaches to knowledge and rationalities embedded in spatially relevant decision-making. It emphasises the significance of seeing law as an empirical object of study for planning and environmental management. The Swedish development of wind power and 3G mobile infrastructures are used as cases to study these issues of principal interest. It is a compilation thesis consisting of a comprehensive introductory framework and five articles or chapters that have also been published elsewhere. The study is based on three main perspectives: Level of decision-making, legitimacy of different forms of knowledge involved in the process, and the sociolegal tension between formal law and its practical consequences. The thesis deals with problems stemming from the multi-level tensions in the planning and implementation that exist between the national, the regional and the local authorities. The legal context is analysed from the sociolegal perspective, in particular how the juridification of siting and permit conflicts determines what type of knowledge that can legitimately affect the decision-making and thereby set conditions for public participation. Finally, the thesis elaborates on the largely counterproductive results of the strong emphasis on efficiency in the revision of planning and permit processes for wind power and 3G-infrastructure, and what can be learnt from the experiences of the attempts at increasing efficiency. A combination of methods has been employed in the studies, and the data comes from a range of sources such as a large set of mast building permits, a sample of wind permit cases, as well as appealed permit cases. In addition, interviews have been conducted with judges from relevant courts, including regional handling officers who assess wind turbine applications. Legal documents such as preparatory work and licence conditions have also been analysed. The results show that there is a legal-rhetorical adaptation to the expert-based decision-making in court when permits are appealed. Further, the administrative levels interact poorly in the overall implementation. The national decisions, irrespective of the normative viewpoint of who should control the landscape planning, could be better informed of the preconditions at a local level that factually define the outcome of the implementation. The author, Stefan Larsson, holds a PhD in Sociology of Law, an LLM and is a sociolegal researcher who generally studies issues in the intersection of conceptual, sociolegal and technological change. The thesis has been supervised by Professor Lars Emmelin, The Swedish School of Planning, BTH, and co-supervised by Professor Karsten Åström, the Department of Sociology of Law, Lund University. The thesis is the result of research within the programme Tools for environmental assessment in strategic decision-making, MiSt, funded by The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Centre for Work, Technology and Social Change at Lund University.Full text available: http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=4587806&fileOId=4 588973
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Kalén, Victoria. "Kommunalt handlingsutrymme för att öka byggandet i trä : En studie av planeringsförutsättningar." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215281.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka kunskapen om vilka förutsättningar som påverkar kommunernas handlingsutrymme att styra mot ökat byggande i trä. Utgångspunkten är att ökat byggande i trä är en viktig hörnsten i Sveriges arbete för att nå klimatmål om minskade koldioxidutsläpp. I fallstudie undersöker jag Växjö och Skellefteå kommun som sedan länge arbetat aktivt med att öka byggande i trä och båda antagit kommunala träbyggandsstrategier. I fallstudie undersöker jag hur såväl kontextuella (projektspecifika och informella förutsättningar) som formella förutsättningar påverkar kommunens handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar att processer för att identifiera planförutsättningar och överbrygga olika perspektiv är avgörande för att skapa ett kontextuellt handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar vidare att kontextuella förutsättningar även har potential att till viss del skapa handlingsutrymme utanför det formella handlingsutrymmets ”uppenbara” ramar.The aim of this study in to increase the knowledge of municipal possibilities and constraints to increase building in wood by examining the municipal planning conditions. Point of departure is that building in wood is a prerequisite to reach the Swedish climate targets of drastically reducing national CO2-emissions. In a case study two municipalities are examined, Växjö and Skellefteå, two municipalities with strategies to increase building in wood and with long experience in doing so. The study explores how contextual planning conditions (project specific and informal conditions) alongside formal planning conditions affects the municipal space of action. The result shows that processes to identify planning conditions and to bridge different perspectives are crucial in order to create a contextual space of action. The result further demonstrates that contextual planning condition withhold the potential to, to a certain degree, create space of action outside the presupposed boundaries of the formal planning system.
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Törnroth, Suzanna. "Using vernacular design to alleviate inequalities in socio-spatial access: A case study of Dubai’s park provision." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65968.
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This thesis focuses on park planning in Dubai, and how current differences in their socio-spatial access can be alleviated by using regional-vernacular design principles. The thesis uses a mixed method approach that begins with the analysis of parks across the entire city to understand their current access and distribution, and then narrows down to focusing on four micro-case studies,which will serve as sites where improvements could be made. These improvements are inspiredby vernacular design and planning and aim to improve current access. All work originates fromthe author unless otherwise cited.
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Jonsson, Sofia, and Anastasiya Savchenko. "En offentlig mötesplats – en jämlik mötesplats? : En kvalitativ studie om den fysiska planeringen av jämlika mötesplatser i Linköpings kommun." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176313.
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Despite the value of public spaces for creating greater social cohesiveness, they risk not being prioritized in urban planning. This thesis aims to investigate the role of public spaces for a social sustainable urban development, focusing on equality in Linköping. The research questions concern the municipality's work, qualities and challenges regarding equal public places. Previous research highlights social sustainability based on equality and problems surrounding planning of public places. The study is based on qualitative interviews, with a politician and employees at the planning department of Linköping, and a supplementary document analysis. The results highlight the municipality's work with equal public spaces and a lack of evaluation methods. Accessibility, security and multifunctionality are important in the design of equal public places. The challenges are densification, privatization and conflicts of interest. It can be stated that Linköping’s work with the issue is reflected in previous research. However, there are development opportunities regarding citizen dialogue, evaluation methods for equal meeting places and better definitions of goals and concepts.Offentliga mötesplatsers riskerar att bortprioriteras i den fysiska planeringen, trots sitt värde för den sociala sammanhållningen i staden. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka offentliga mötesplatsers roll för en socialt hållbar stadsutveckling med fokus på jämlikhet i Linköpings kommun. Frågeställningarna berör kommunens arbete, kvaliteter samt utmaningar gällande jämlika mötesplatser. Tidigare forskning lyfter främst upp social hållbarhet utifrån jämlikhet samt problematiken kring planering av offentliga mötesplatser. Frågeställningarna besvaras genom kvalitativa intervjuer med en politiker och tre tjänstepersoner från Linköpings kommun, samt en kompletterande dokumentanalys. Resultatet redovisar kommunens arbete med jämlika mötesplatser samt en brist på utvärderingsmetoder. Tillgänglighet, tillhörighet, trygghet samt mångfunktionalitet är viktiga vid utformningen av jämlika mötesplatser. Utmaningarna som betonas är förtätning, privatisering samt intressekonflikter. Det går att konstatera att den tidigare forskningen återfinns i Linköpings kommuns arbete med frågan. Dock finns det utvecklingsmöjligheter gällande medborgardialog, utvärderingsmetoder för jämlika mötesplatser samt bättre definitioner av mål och begrepp.
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Dogertz, Håkansson Jasmine Linnea. "Privatisering av offentliga rum : fallstudier av två torg i Malmö stad." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14456.
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I denna studie behandlas ämnet offentliga rum, en diffus definition av allmänna platser som denna uppsats syftar till att råda bot på. Studiens ämne baseras på antaganden om en tilltagande privatisering av offentliga rum som pågår runt om i Sverige och världen, som skapar offentliga rum präglade av handel och service. Forskning och teori i denna studie fokuserar på att finna karaktären av ett offentligt rum och undersöka de konsekvenser som kommer av privatisering. För att besvara de frågor som ställts kommer två fallstudier från Malmö stads två torg Stortorget och Lilla torg redovisas, där forskarnas egna antagande och observationer kompletteras med intervjuer från användare som beskriver sin syn och upplevelse av rummen. I uppsatsen kommer det gå att läsa om de olika fallens bakgrund, hur de uppfattas av besökare, hur de kan ses som motpoler till varandra och vilka konsekvenser offentlighet, eller bristen på det, har på olika grupper. Studien är en del av kandidatprogrammet Fysisk planering vid Blekinge tekniska högskola i Karlskrona. Ämnet, privatisering av offentliga rum, har valts då det är ett intressant ämne att diskutera inom fysisk planering, då gränsen mellan vad fysisk planering kan, och inte kan, påverka är tunn och svår att hantera. Vid ytterligare frågor eller funderingar kring innehållet i uppsatsen eller ämnet, vänligen kontakta författarna på respektive mail: Linnéa Håkansson: linnea-hakansson@hotmail.com Jasmine Dogertz: jasminedogertz@gmail.comThis study concerns the subject public spaces, a vague definition of public places that this study will disentangle. The study is based on assumptions about an increasing privatisation of public spaces that is happening all over Sweden and around the world, that creates public spaces characterized by commerce and service. Science and the theory in this study focuses on to find characterizing trades of a public space and to investigate the consequences that privatization create. To answer questions that has been asked shall two case studies, that has been made on two squares in Malmö called Stortorget and Lilla torg be accounted for, where scientists own assumptions and observations supplemented with interviews from users who describes their view and experience on the subject. In this study will you be able to read about the two cases background, how they are perceived by the users, how they can be seen as opposites and which consequences publicness, or the lack of it, has on different groups. The study is a part of the bachelor program at Fysisk planering (Spatial planning) at Blekinge tekniska högskola (Blekinge technical university) in Karlskrona. The subject, privatization of public spaces, has been chosen because it is an interesting subject to discuss, especially within spatial planning because the borders concerning what spatial planning is able to or not able to do is narrow and hard to equipoise. Further questions or thoughts concerning the content of this study or the subject, please contact the authors on their respective email: Linnéa Håkansson: linnea-hakansson@hotmail.com Jasmine Dogertz: jasminedogertz@gmail.com
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Klumparová, Petra. "VÝZVA JMÉNEM VENKOV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400699.
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The diploma thesis deals with the topic of contemporary countryside. The result of the thesis - illustrative Manual originated from searching for the basic principles in the area of land-use planning. It focuses especially on urban issues and tries to answer some of them in a comprehensible form. Manual consists mostly of schematics, sketches, visualizations, etc. The issue of new construction and the so-called satellites become one of the key issues. The Manual offers an alternative for this land-grabbing style and it motivates to create a better environment. The basic principles are applied to a specific municipality. Consultation with nine village mayors could be considered as the added value of the work. Mayors shared their experience in building and planning and gave feedback on some chapters. Interesting mayor's remarks are are incorporated in the Manual. The appendix to the manual – Good Practice Examples brings inspiration for creation of regional architecture. The intention is to offer this Manual to all of those who are involved in the management of smaller municipalities.
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Jeannier, Fabien. "The Dear Green Place ? Régénération urbaine, redéfinition identitaire et polarisation spatiale à Glasgow - 1979-1990." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798825.
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Glasgow fut une ville pionnière en Grande-Bretagne dans la mise en place au début des années quatre-vingt d'une politique de régénération urbaine, sociale et économique basée sur les arts et la culture, exemplifiant le tournant vers une gestion entrepreneuriale de la ville. Les arts et la culture sont ainsi devenus le levier principal de sa reconversion déterminée vers une économie de services et de tourisme. Ce travail de recherche se propose de démontrer que cette politique, qui s'installe de manière irréversible pendant la période de gouvernement conservateur de M. Thatcher, a non seulement engendré des transformations économiques et physiques de grande ampleur mais qu'elle a également très clairement œuvré dans le sens d'une transformation tout aussi radicale de l'identité de la ville. Il apparaît que c'est un processus voulu par les élites travaillistes de la ville et revendiqué, assumé, organisé de façon consciente et méthodique qui puise ses fondements idéologiques dans une vision néolibérale du développement économique et du rôle de la culture. Nous tentons également de démontrer que, en dépit de la mise en place de partenariats public-privés sous la forme de sociétés locales de développement, ce processus n'a guère réussi à inverser une dynamique de relégation en périphérie des populations les plus défavorisées déjà fortement ancrée depuis les décennies précédentes. Enfin, nous montrons que ce processus de régénération urbaine a provoqué diverses formes d'opposition et de résistance qui renvoient indiscutablement au passé de luttes industrielles et de politique radicale de la ville, éléments majeurs de son identité.
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Gopnik, Morgan. "From the Forest to the Sea: Lessons in Managing Public Space." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7131.
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In 2004, a report from the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy documented a broad range of ecological problems in U.S. ocean waters, including declining fish stocks, changes in marine biodiversity, coastal habitat loss, and hypoxic "dead zones," as well as related governance problems, such as uncoordinated and contradictory laws, underfunded programs, and conflicts between local, state, and federal priorities. The Commission's recommendations for improvement revolved around the themes of ecosystem-based management, improved agency coordination, and regional flexibility.
One recommendation in particular stated that, "Congress ... should establish a balanced, ecosystem-based offshore management regime that sets forth guiding principles for the coordination of offshore activities." Five years later, President Obama instructed an interagency taskforce to develop a "framework for effective coastal and marine spatial planning" to help achieve the goals of that recommendation and, in 2012, nine Regional Planning Bodies were established to begin the planning process.
Not everyone has embraced marine spatial planning (MSP) as a desirable next step in ocean management. Some ocean industries worry that MSP could interfere with economic priorities. New users, such as offshore windfarm developers, fear that extended planning will further delay their activities. Members of Congress have complained that MSP policy lacks adequate legislative underpinnings. Still others worry
that MSP may be a solution in search of a problem, diverting money and attention away from more immediate ocean challenges. Equally worrisome, the policy research community has yet to provide solid theoretical or historical support for the presumed efficacy of MSP in U.S. ocean waters. In light of the recent, rapid adoption of MSP and the questions surrounding it, more rigorous examination is in order.
This study contributes to that examination in two ways. First, it places MSP within the broader context of research and practice in fields such as policy analysis, common-pool resource theory, institutional analysis, planning and design, community engagement, and conflict resolution. Second, it looks at the history of U.S. public lands--a public space that has been accommodating multiple uses and conservation for over a century--as a comparative model.
This approach results in three research questions:
1) Are U.S. public lands and the U.S. EEZ sufficiently similar, based on characteristics most relevant to policy analysis, that successes and failures in one arena might be relevant to the other?
2) If so, has over a hundred years of active public land management in the U.S. produced any lessons for success that might be applicable to the more recently developing field of ocean management, particularly with respect to multiple-use planning and management? and
3) If the settings are similar in meaningful ways, and if lessons can be distilled from public lands management, how might these be transposed, or operationalized to inform the current drive for more integrated ocean management, particularly through the tool of marine spatial planning?
A critical review and synthesis of U.S. public land studies, particularly regarding the history of the National Forests, comprises one important element of the study. This is supplemented with case studies, site visits, detailed analyses of government documents related to both land and ocean management, and extensive formal and informal interviews with key informants in the National Forest and ocean management communities.
The study results answer the first two questions in the affirmative and conclude that sustainable, multiple-use management of government-controlled spaces and resources inevitably requires tradeoffs between numerous competing objectives. These tradeoffs can rarely be resolved through objective decision analysis and will rely implicitly or explicitly on value judgments. Using forest history as a model, it appears that the most significant choices to be made by ocean policy makers will revolve around: 1) the scale of problem definition and resolution; 2) the relative emphasis on political, technocratic, judicial, or participatory decision-making; and 3) the extent of flexibility allowed. Specific suggestions are made for how elected officials, agency staff, environmental organizations, industry, and academia can approach ocean management in a way that reflects a variety of interests, advances understanding, and achieves sustainable and productive ocean ecosystems.
Dissertation
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Ntamack, Serge. "Reification of space within knowledge production: the case of the circulating idea of resilience internationally and in the context of South African cities." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24129.
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Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning, at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017In this thesis, elements of Crawford Stanley Holing's life history are put into perspective. It provides a historical trajectory upon which the space imbued in the various contexts hosting pivotal activities on the production and refinement pf resilience idea are explored. These elements are also used as a point of departure from where the idea of resilience originates and circulates internationally and in the context of South African cities. [Abbreviated abstract. Open document to view full version]
MT 2018
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Drate, Pamella. "Public Participation geographic information systems in developing countries: lessons from Uganda on the impacts of interactive screens PPGIS and community perceptions of space." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9206.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.Town planning is highly a community initiative, if community efforts are sought-after in the most convenient approach, sustainable plans are produced. In this study, an interactive screen, pen and web 2.0 are used in an urban planning exercise to enhance public participation in Uganda. PPGIS applications are increasingly used in disciplines related to Geographic Information science in most parts of the world. However, developing countries with low technological advancements, experience only a glimpse of the GIS benefits. The study is based on a combination of traditional methods and a web 2.0, this is inspired by studies done by Al-kodmany 2001. The web application is developed from open source software, firstly because the software is readily availability, secondly to create a simple interface that is more user friendly and meets the aim of improving participation levels. The method follows a traditional community meeting, where participants gather to make comments about a neighbourhood plan produced by Bugembe Town council. The plan from the web application, is projected on to a wall which is made sensitive to an interactive pen. The community maps their comments directly on the projection using the interactive pen. The comments are stored in a GIS database for the planner to retrieve and incorporate in the final plan. The usability assessments are done using questionnaires, recordings and physical checks. This is followed by engaging the communities in mapping landmarks in their areas, purposely, to understand their perceptions of space and representation of spatial features. The results are overwhelming as the communities easily map their boundaries on the web application using the interactive screen; the application was tested by people from all walks of life. 74 percent of the participants appreciated the application and found it easy to use. With the recommendations and wealth of information provided by the communities, the application will fetch enormous results in the field of public participation in Uganda, at the same time making the town planners work easier, improving accuracy levels of data capture and ease in data sharing.
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Martins, Miguel Maia Gil. "A Dotação do Espaço Público num Contexto de Urbanismo Sustentável. O caso da Amadora." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/58109.
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Este Trabalho de Projecto visa dotar o espaço público, de um território da freguesia de Alfragide, no município da Amadora, com condições de ser um espaço para as pessoas, imputando-lhe mais atractividade e resiliência, segundo a aplicação de princípios do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável.
É entendido que proliferação e valorização dos recursos naturais, em meios urbanos, é determinante para melhorias ao nível visual, de conforto climático e confere ao território uma melhor capacidade de mitigação e adaptação, face a fenómenos climáticos extremos. Torna ainda, o espaço público, convidativo para o desenvolvimento de variadas actividades, fomenta a vida activa, confere uma melhor vivência urbana e, convida ainda ao encontro, reforçando o desenvolvimento das relações sociais.
A melhoria das condições de acessibilidade, aliada à promoção de alternativas à utilização do automóvel, é igualmente considerada, sendo privilegiadas mais tipologias de meio de transporte, bem como a melhoria das actuais condições dos transportes públicos.
Defende-se também uma participação activa das populações, das instituições, agregado ao conhecimento científico, munindo assim, os poderes executivos, do conhecimento da vontade colectiva, como auxílio na tomada de decisão.
Ao longo do trabalho é detalhada a construcção da visão para o território, culminando com a apresentação de 23 propostas de intervenção, onde se pretende valorizar o território, proporcionar espaços de qualidade, assim como assegurar uma correcta inserção às escalas municipal e metropolitana.This project study intends to endow the public space, of a territory located in the Amadora municipality, Alfragide parish, with conditions to become a more attractive and resilient space for people, according to the principles of sustainable urban development or green urbanism. It this understood that the multiplication and the preference for natural resources, in urban areas, is fundamental to improve the visual aspect, climate comfort and provides territories with better mitigation and adjustment capacities, against extreme climate conditions. Moreover, natural resources endow public space, into being more inviting for the development of various activities, enabling a better urban experience thus appealing to the growth of social relationships. The improvement of accessibility, together with the promotion of alternatives to the use of motorized vehicles, is also considered, benefiting more types of transport as well as upgrading the current means of public transport. It is also expected that the population and the institutions have a more active participation, together with the scientific knowledge, helping the decisions of the executive power through the knowledge of the collective choice. Throughout this study, the construction of the vision for the territory is detailed, concluded with the presentation of 23 intervention proposals. By them, it is intended to add value to the territory, providing quality public spaces, as well as assuring a better inclusion, on both scales, municipal and metropolitan.
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Ntho, Mokhele. "Fire, looting and a church: re-imagining the socio-political position of civic architecture in Maseru." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23631.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Architecture (Professional) to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017This paper is an investigation into the cultural spatial practices of the Basotho. The overall intention is to create a new type of public space in Maseru that is rooted in the cultural and social practice of gathering. Located at the entrance of the Maseru CBD, this new public space challenges the traditional concept of a civic building by blurring hierarchical spatial distinctions that create divisions between the citizens and those in power. This proposed space is not entirely a new concept. It is customary in Basotho culture for a chief to call for a village gathering or "Pitso", - a traditional gathering where matters concerning the people are dealt with. The Pitso is spatially and conceptually similar to the Greek Agora in that, it is an open space where social and political interaction takes place. It is a temporary space that does not physically exist but rather comes to be through the act of gathering. Proceeding from this two main questions arise; - what is the position or relevance of this socio-political space in contemporary Maseru and through examination and comparison; can a new version of this space that addresses the aforementioned issues be synthesised? Due to the project's post-colonial context, theoretical ideas concerning the visual representation of African cultures and identity are examined. The design of the Northern Cape provincial government complex by Luis F. Da Silva is utilised as a practical example of methods and design techniques that attempt to foster a direct (and sometimes indirect) relationship with the cultural context of the building. This precedent study leads to questions about how architecture becomes an instrument in drawing out meanings and thus becoming a symbol within its context. Beyond tectonics, buildings posses and acquire meaning through association and function (Goodman, N. 1988). The proposed project therefore attempts to de-construct the inherent political meanings of government buildings by reconfiguring and re-imagining public service space in civic architecture.
XL2018
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Bham, Aadill. "Urbanism and sustainability in Daveyton: designing for the township main street :[an exploration of spatial transformation in previously marginalised townships, with a focus on the main street]." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22416.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built
Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the degree of Master of Urban DesignABSTRACT In township environments where pedestrian activity occurs out of necessity; and public transport prevails - the main street becomes a magnet for mobility, social encounters and economic exchange. It is the path that connects the settlement to the whole; it disperses and draws in; it collects and connects. It is the image of the township. Streets play an important role within townships as the primary form of public urban space. It is within these spaces that the residents make their own opportunities for a better quality of life. (Jacobs, 1993) explained that by designing the streets, one has largely designed the city.
EM2017
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Ghoor, Raeesa. "An examination of the use of urban design instruments in promoting spatial equity in a non-motorized priority route: the case of an alternative Sandton-Alexandra NMT route." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22353.
Full textAbstract:
This document is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree
Master of Urban Design at the University of the Witwatersrand, 2016The planned non-motorized transport (NMT) route in Sandton is part of the Corridors of Freedom project which seeks to change spatial patterns in Johannesburg. This research seeks to understand this route and how an alternative route would respond to the context and present an opportunity to create spatially equitable spaces between Alexandra and Sandton on the NMT priority space. This will be done using the mechanism of urban design tools. Urban design tools themselves face various challenges as the underlying institutional context is often not conducive to creating some of the urban design objectives of spatial equity and the prioritization of NMT. This research, through a design strategy, proposes an alternative mechanism of coding.
MT2017