Academic literature on the topic 'Public services policy advice and analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public services policy advice and analysis"
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McAlexander, James H., and Debra L. Scammon. "Are Disclosures Sufficient? A Micro Analysis of Impact in the Financial Services Market." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 7, no. 1 (January 1988): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391568800700114.
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Policymakers recognize that investments and investment decisions are vitally important to the financial stability of many families. Poor investment advice may result in decisions which may, in a literal sense, financially cripple a family. With the importance of investment decisions in mind, the purpose of this research is to explore the potential efficacy of public policy proposals designed to remedy the problems consumers have with the investment and financial services markets. To accomplish this purpose, this research takes a micro look at how consumers evaluate and choose investment services, a unique perspective for an impact evaluation.
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Berrett, Tim, Trevor Slack, and Dave Whitson. "Economics and the Pricing of Sport and Leisure." Journal of Sport Management 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.7.3.199.
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Although considerable weight has been placed on the economist's advice in many areas of public policy, it is suggested that this has not been the case in the pricing of sport and leisure facilities and services. This paper provides an overview of the extent to which economic analysis can be used in the pricing of publicly funded sport and leisure facilities and services. It is reasoned that such facilities and services display both public-good attributes and positive externalities. As such, market pricing is an inappropriate allocation mechanism. Some problems associated with the practical application of economic models to determine user fees in publicly owned sport and leisure facilities are highlighted. An overview of some of the current issues in public facility management and allocation is offered, along with suggestions for further research.
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Arjon, Sugit. "Conflict Management in Indonesia: Policy Perspective and Analysis." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v8i1.88.
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This article focuses to analyze the roots of violence and this article examines at case studies from Indonesia. This article also aims at answering the effectiveness of policy in the conflict management by analysing the critical factors that involved in violent conflicts and briefly seek alternative solution to prevent it to happen in the future. This article aims to answer two central questions, firstly, how effective the Indonesian government policy on security and conflict. Secondly, what are the roles of NGOs to support the effectiveness of the policy on security and conflict. To prevent the future conflicts, there are three effective strategies that can be implemented and it need the collaboration between the policymakers and society. First, to design an effective early warning mechanism which able to inform a potential friction that can escalate to bigger conflict. Second, an effective policy to prevent conflict, to manage conflict, and peace building mechanisms in post-conflict. Third, urge the participation of non-state actors in conflict management. The Indonesian government and house of representatives have passed the bill on social conflict management written as Law No. 7/2012 or known as UU PKS. However, UU PKS arguably leaves plenty of loopholes. Moreover, the activities of NGOs on the conflict management can be divided into two main categories: public engagement and advocacy. Public engagement activities focus on services to the public while on the advocacy focuses to maintain communication and put pressure to the government. In public engagement activities, the NGOs offer the service to provide psychological and legal assistance, consulting the victims rights, consulting, legal advice, psychosocial support to the victims. Moreover, in the advocacy approach, the NGOs maintain the discussion and lobby to the government to ensure the peace and justice in law enforcement.
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Andrews, Christina. "Integrating public service motivation and self-determination theory." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-10-2015-0176.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a framework integrating theoretical insights, empirical research and practical advice emerging from public service motivation (PSM) and self-determination theory (SDT). It aims at demonstrating that, while PSM shows the relevance of public values for motivation, SDT explains how context affects it. Taking the two theoretical approaches as complementary to one another and by pointing out their “static” and “dynamic” features, the framework provides a theoretical foundation for organizational practices aimed at enhancing motivation in the public services. Design/methodology/approach – The framework is based on a review of PSM and SDT theoretical concepts and empirical studies; the analysis examines the implications and contributions of each approach to the understanding of motivation in the public services. Findings – The paper demonstrates that PSM and SDT are complementary theoretical approaches and that this complementarity can provide clearer guidance to practitioners and widen the understanding of motivation in the public services. Research limitations/implications – The framework considers only a few features pertaining motivation in the public services, such as public values, basic needs satisfaction, prosocial behaviour and socialization. Further research should explore additional factors. Practical implications – The framework provides an explanation of why some practices are likely to enhance motivation in the public services, while others are likely to deplete it. Originality/value – The framework does not limit itself to proposing the theoretical integration of PSM and SDT, but connects this integration to organizational practices.
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Abayomi, J. C., M. S. Charnley, L. Cassidy, M. T. Mccann, J. Jones, M. Wright, and L. M. Newson. "A patient and public involvement investigation into healthy eating and weight management advice during pregnancy." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 32, no. 1 (February 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzz081.
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Abstract Objective To conduct patient and public involvement (PPI) to gain insight into the experience of healthy eating and weight management advice during pregnancy. Design PPI in the planning and development of health interventions, aiming to ensure patient-centred care. Optimum nutrition and weight management are vital for successful pregnancy outcomes, yet many services report poor attendance and engagement. Setting Community venues in Liverpool and Ulster (UK). Participants Two PPI representatives were involved in all aspects of the study: design, interview questions, recruitment and collection/analysis of feedback. Intervention Feedback was collected via note taking during group discussions, two in Liverpool (n = 10 & 5); two in Ulster (n = 7 & 9) and an interview (n = 1, in Ulster). Main Outcome Measures Transcript data were collated and thematic analysis was applied in analysis. Results Thematic analysis identified three themes: (i) weight gain is inevitable in pregnancy; (ii) healthy eating advice is important but currently lacks consistency and depth and (iii) expectations regarding the type of knowledge/support. Conclusions PPI provides opportunity to enhance research design and offers valuable insight towards the needs of healthcare users. Pregnant women want positive health messages, with a focus on what they can/should do, rather than what they should not do. Midwives need to consider their communication with pregnant women, to ensure that their unique relationship is maintained, especially when the topics of diet and weight management are addressed. A well-designed digital intervention could improve access to pregnancy-specific nutrition information; empowering midwives to communicate patient-centred, healthy eating messages with confidence. This has the potential to change dietary and weight management behaviour in pregnant women.
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Steel, Emily J., Ricky Buchanan, Natasha Layton, and Erin Wilson. "Currency and Competence of Occupational Therapists and Consumers with Rapidly Changing Technology." Occupational Therapy International 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5612843.
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Assistive technology was once a specialised field of practice, involving products designed for populations with specific impairments or functional goals. In Australia, occupational therapists have, at times, functioned as gatekeepers to public funding, prescribing products from a predefined list. An expanding range of accessible mainstream products available via international and online markets has changed the meaning and application of assistive technology for many people with disability. In the policy context of consumer choice and cost-effectiveness, have occupational therapists been left behind? This paper describes the change in context for access to assistive technology resulting in expanded possibilities for participation and inclusion. A case study of environmental control systems is used to explore the overlap of mainstream and assistive products and the funding and services to support their uptake. The analysis describes a future policy and practice context in which assistive technology includes a spectrum of products decoupled from access to independent advice and support services. A broader scope of occupational therapy practice has potential to enhance the occupational rights of people with disability and the efficiency and effectiveness of assistive technology provision.
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Aubin, David, and Marleen Brans. "Policy advisory styles in the francophone Belgian civil service." International Review of Administrative Sciences 86, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852318785025.
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In a context of the rising importance of ministerial advisers, this article provides empirical evidence about the nature of involvement of civil servants in policy work. Based on a survey of graduated civil servants in francophone Belgium, it shows that civil servants are much involved in policy work even in a politico-administrative system characterised by strong ministerial cabinets. Belgian francophone civil servants are ‘incidental advisors’. They are less process generalists than issue specialists who mostly deal with policy implementation. Their policy advisory style oscillates between ‘rational technician’ and ‘client advisor’. Despite a low institutionalisation of policy advice in the civil service, civil servants significantly serve the ministers in the policy formulation (for harmonization) phase, supplying information and analysis and participating to the writing of policy-related texts. Points for practitioners The francophone Belgian case shows the importance of policy tasks conducted by civil servants. It also provides evidence about the importance of in-house policy-analytical capacity as it shows that civil servants primarily rely on internal information sources and consultation when involved in policy formulation.
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Godenhjelm, Sebastian, and Jan-Erik Johanson. "The effect of stakeholder inclusion on public sector project innovation." International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315620291.
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The delivery of public services in collaborative agency networks has given rise to an increasing use of projects in administering policy and service delivery. Projects are assumed to provide mechanisms by which flexibility can be achieved and innovative solutions produced. The aim of the article is to advance the understanding of collaboration between stakeholders and its effect on innovation. It analyses stakeholders’ influence on the creation of project innovations in 275 European Union-funded projects by using content analyses and logistic regression analyses. The results show that projects can act as hubs where valuable information is produced but that few projects produce innovations. Project stakeholder network, knowledge dissemination and project influence, as well as sources of advice, play a role in predicting project innovations. The article concludes that the overly optimistic view of collaboration as a remedy for a lack of innovation in the public sector can be questioned. Points for practitioners The results of the article help practitioners to compose public sector development projects that foster innovation. The results suggest that it pays to include representatives of research and education facilities among project staff as their inclusion predicts the possibilities of achieving innovations. The empirical findings provide insight into project innovation and indicate which practices to avoid. It is suggested that when managed correctly, stakeholder inclusion has an effect on public sector project innovation.
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Jolly, Andy, Jasber Singh, and Sunila Lobo. "No recourse to public funds: a qualitative evidence synthesis." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 18, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-11-2021-0107.
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Purpose This study aims to outlines the findings of the first qualitative evidence synthesis of empirical research on the impact of the No Recourse to Public Funds (NRPF) rule which prevents most temporary migrants from accessing social security benefits in the UK. Design/methodology/approach The review used the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol guidelines. Data were analysed by using Thomas and Harden’s (2008) thematic synthesis methodology. An initial 321 articles were identified from 13 databases, of which 38 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings The key insights were that NRPF causes destitution and extreme poverty and has a disproportionate impact on racialised women. Studies found that support services were underdeveloped, underfunded, inconsistent and had a culture of mistrust and racism towards migrants. Migrants were often fearful of services due to concerns around deportation, destitution and state intervention around children. Research limitations/implications The review focussed on qualitative research. Future empirical and theoretical research is needed in the following areas: NRPF as a practice of everyday bordering, the role of the Home Office in creating and sustaining the policy; differing gendered experiences of NRPF; and a broader geographical scope which includes all four UK nations and takes an international comparative approach. Originality/value Despite an estimated 1.4 million people in the UK with NRPF (Citizens Advice, 2020), there is little policy or theoretical discussion of the experience of having NRPF or the implications of the rule. This lack of analysis is a significant gap in both our understanding of the landscape of poverty in the UK, and the ways in which immigration policies create extreme poverty. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first systematic qualitative review on NRPF, bringing together the research evidence on how NRPF negatively affects outcomes for migrants, local authority and voluntary sector responses to NRPF and theoretical perspectives on NRPF.
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Eronen, Ritva, Helen Calabretto, and Jan Pincombe. "Improving the professional support for parents of young infants." Australian Journal of Primary Health 17, no. 2 (2011): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10062.
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The objective of this study was to discuss ideas for improving child health services on the basis of findings of an observational study that was designed to explore the role of child health nurses in supporting parents during the first 6 months following the birth of an infant. As part of a larger study in a child health service in urban Australia, surveys were used to collect data from two independent samples of both parents and nurses at an 8-month interval. Data were condensed using factor analysis; regression analyses were used to determine which aspects of care were most important for the parents, and importance–performance analysis was used to determine which aspects of care needed improvement. While the majority of parents valued support from child health nurses, a need for improvement was identified in empowering parents to make their own decisions, discussing emotional issues with parents, providing continuity of care and giving consistent advice. Organisations should value and provide support for child health nurses in their invisible, non-quantifiable work of supporting families. The structure of child health services should also provide child health nurses continuity of care with the families they support.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public services policy advice and analysis"
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Kabinga, Makondo. "Commercialising Zambia's urban water services : a critical analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3786.
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This research critically analyses reforms undertaken in Zambia's water sector. Its main focus however, is on the corporatisation of Zambia's urban water services. The objective is to apply some selected indicators of water services improvement to establish whether the commercialisation of urban water services has improved water service delivery. The research uses qualitative and quantitative literature and generally relies on secondary data. Therefore, it is an exhaustive literature review of the available electronic and hard copy sources. Of particular relevance to the research are the National Water and Sanitation Council's (NWASCO) sector reports, which are comprehensive records of the performance of Zambia's Commercial Water Utilities (CUs).
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Roe, Miranda, and manroe@aapt net au. "FAMILIES AT RISK � A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND SERVICES." Flinders University. Politics and International Studies, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061025.100933.
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This thesis examines policy and service delivery issues in the development of health and support for families at risk. The research focuses on families with children less than 7 years of age living in some of the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods of metropolitan Adelaide. The thesis draws on evidence of (a) barriers to service support perceived by these families and (b) their strengths and resources in order to identify and develop arguments related to key issues of policy and service delivery.
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Liston-Garcia, Barbara Christine. "A Document Analysis of Two States' Child Protective Services Agency Permanency Policies." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4305.
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U.S. Child Protective Services Agencies (CPSA) have had mixed success in achieving stable, permanent placements for foster care children. To address the adverse effects of unstable placements on foster care children's emotional well-being and physical development, the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 was enacted to better ensure permanency, safety, and well-being of children in foster care. Using Stone's policy paradox as the framework, the purpose of this qualitative document analysis was to explore whether policy constructs contributed to the success or failure of promoting permanency for foster care children. Data was used from 2 states, representing those most and least successful in terms of decreasing foster care populations during federal fiscal years 2011 to 2014. Data for this study consisted of publicly available documents, including statues, policies, and official publications. These data were analyzed using an inductive coding approach and then subjected to a content analysis procedure. Key findings indicated the states differed in 3 critical policy areas: incentives to achieve progress towards reunification; facts used to change behaviors among policy actors to achieve the goal of recruiting adoptive and foster care parents; power in terms of how authority was delegated to service providers. The findings of this research may enhance policymakers' and advocates' knowledge of policy issues critical to achieving permanency for children. It is recommended that future policy changes focus on the needs of the children and the alignment of statutes, policies, and publications so they promote adequate incentives, utilization of factual information, and consistent policy interpretation at the federal and local levels.
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Miles, Mary Alice, and n/a. "A critical analysis of the relationships between nursing, medicine and the government in New Zealand 1984-2001." University of Otago. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061024.145605.
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This thesis concerns an investigation of the tripartite arrangements between the government, the nursing and the medical sectors in New Zealand over the period 1984 to 2001 with a particular focus on primary health care. The start point is the commencement of the health reforms instituted by the Fourth New Zealand Labour Government of 1984. The thesis falls within a framework of critical inquiry, specifically, the methodology of depth hermeneutics (Thompson, 1990), a development of critical theory.
The effects of political and economic policies and the methodologies of neo-liberal market reform are examined together with the concept of collaboration as an ideological symbolic form, typical of enterprise culture.
The limitations of economic models such as public choice theory, agency theory and managerialism are examined from the point of view of government strategies and their effects on the relationships between the nursing and medical professions.
The influence of American health care policies and their partial introduction into primary health care in New Zealand is traversed in some detail, together with the experiences of health reform in several other countries.
Post election 1999, the thesis considers the effect of change of political direction consequent upon the election of a Labour Coalition government and concludes that the removal of the neo-liberal ethic by Labour may terminate entrepreneurial opportunities in the nursing profession. The thesis considers the effects of a change to Third Way political direction on national health care policy and on the medical and nursing professions. The data is derived from various texts and transcripts of interviews with 12 health professionals and health commentators.
The histories and current relationships between the nursing and medical professions are examined in relation to their claims to be scientific discourses and it is argued that the issue of lack of recognition as a scientific discourse is at the root of nursing�s perceived inferiority to medicine. This is further expanded in a discussion at the end of the thesis where the structure of the two professions is compared and critiqued. A conclusion is drawn that a potential for action exists to remedy the deficient structure of nursing. The thesis argues that this is the major issue which maintains nursing in the primary sector in a perceived position of inferiority to medicine.
The thesis also concludes that the role of government in this triangular relationship is one of manipulation to bring about necessary fundamental change in the delivery of health services at the lowest possible cost without materially strengthening the autonomy of the nursing or the medical professions.
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Benson, Lucky. "An examination of e-government in the delivery of public services in Nigeria : a policy transfer analysis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-examination-of-egovernment-in-the-delivery-of-public-services-in-nigeria-a-policy-transfer-analysis(bfb4d5b8-60c4-44f4-abf3-5061d36a4f0b).html.
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Policy transfer has been the dominant approach by both local policy actors and international donors to domestic policy development in less developed countries across Africa. Key to this type of policy transfer is the adoption of New Public Management (NPM) reform ideas and e-government strategies. Many of the existing studies on policy transfer focus on transfer between developed countries, ignoring transfer activities across Africa. As a result, transfers in the context of Africa are under-theorised and empirically there is a lacuna in extant empirical studies. Currently, the literature suggests that policy transfer across Africa a) originates from the global north and that pressures from international donors are the major causes of the transfer of e-government strategies in that continent, and b) governments in Africa implement the transferred policies for fear of losing loans, and other forms of benefits that come as a condition for policy transfer. This study seeks to demonstrate that both international pressures and domestic factors are responsible for policy transfer in less developed countries across Africa, and not all transfers originated from the global north. In addition, the use of coercive modalities by donor organisations and countries to impose policy transfer on African governments may not necessarily lead to a successful transfer. This is the case because local factors such as economic conditions, infrastructural deficits, bureaucratic resistance and lack of sufficient political support not international pressures shape the outcomes of implementation of transfer across Africa. But donors in many cases have overlooked the domestic contextual factors, and only coerce political office holders to transfer without engaging other critical domestic policy actors before the transfer. Two empirical cases: the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) are used in this study to examine the dynamics of the transfer of e-government strategies to Nigeria. The study looks at the origin of the transfer, the causes of the transfer, the actors involved and the modalities used for the transfer of e-government to Nigeria. Others include the factors that determine the outcomes of implementation and the lessons learnt in the transfer of e-government reform strategies from the international arena to Nigeria. A multi-level framework of policy transfer was used to study the dynamics of policy transfer at the international arena, national level and at the level of the implementing institutions. By using this approach, the study makes a range of both empirical and theoretical contributions to the debate on policy transfer in the context of Africa that have been ignored by the previous studies.
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Herrrera, Elmer Ivan. "The Mental Health Services Act of 2004 and its impact on transitional age youth served in Los Angeles County| A policy analysis." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10046246.
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The Mental Health Services Act (MHSA) of 2004 was analysed using David Gil’s (1992) analytic framework. The strengths and weaknesses of the Act were assessed and special attention was placed on transitional age youth (TAY) who are consumers of Full Service Parternship (FSP) services in Los Angeles County. This analysis found that there have been some improvements in the provision of services to TAY as a result of the MHSA (2004). However, TAY continue to be a group that remains underserved despite the availability of MHSA (2004) funds. The lack of infrastructure of Department of Mental Health to oversee MHSA (2004) funded projects is likely one of the main reasons why new programs for TAY have not been developed. This analysis did find that TAY, who have been served under MHSA (2004) funded programs, have lower rates of incarceration and hospitalization. The recommendations for social work practice, policy and research are discussed.
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Hill, Elizabeth B. "Comprehensive services for students with serious emotional disturbance: An analysis of state legislation and policy." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618502.
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The purpose of this study was to examine state legislation and policy related to comprehensive, integrated services for students with serious emotional disturbance. Legislation and policy documents from nine states, Virginia (the pilot study), Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Utah, Vermont, and Wisconsin, were examined. These documents were compared to a set of components extracted from the literature as recommended practice. The document analysis was confirmed through telephone interviews with state-level policymakers in each state's department of education, department of mental health, and/or department of children's services. Support documents were also examined to establish a history for each initiative and describe the model of service delivery created by each state's legislation.;Results indicated a core set of four components common to all 9 states studied: family focused services, full array of services, individualized services and an interagency collaborative structure. Two additional components were found to be present in the legislation of many of the states studied. Community-based services was found in seven states and flexible funding was found in six states. Three components were not found in the legislation of any of the nine states studied: co-location of services, unconditional care, and wraparound services. The degree of congruence between each state's legislation and the set of components ranged from 61% for New Jersey to 30% for Vermont.
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Li, Yuen-yee Angel. "Trading funds : an analysis of developments and results /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508344.
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Sams, Lois K. "Discovering and Assessing Desired Student Financial Services at East Tennessee State University." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2037.
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The purpose of this study was to discover and assess student financial services delivered to students enrolled at East Tennessee State University. The research was undertaken for institutional self-improvement. The research explored changes that have occurred in student financial services in the dynamic higher education market. The research revealed universities pursued best practices for the delivery of student financial services through expanded employee knowledge, restructured organizations, and integrated information technologies.
The research was conducted during October and November, 2006. The data were gathered from an online student survey of student financial services. The areas researched included: the Bursar office, the Financial Aid office, and online services. The results of the data analysis revealed problems with the students' perceived quality of existing financial services and the additional services students desire.
The research focused on student perceptions of the quality of financial services by age and gender classifications and response categories. Although no statistically significant difference was found between the age-gender classifications on the perception of the quality of the financial services studied, the research adds to our understanding of student financial services at East Tennessee State University. Recommendation for continued research included annual surveys of segmented student populations that include ethnicity, age, gender, and educational level. The research would be used for continuous improvement efforts and student relationship management. Also additional research was recommended for employee learning in relation to the institution's mission, goals, and values.
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Parker, Dennis. "An Analysis of the Perceptions of African American Churches in their Delivery of Health and Human Services in Southeast DC." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2846.
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President Bush’s Executive Order 13279 (December 12, 2002) encouraged the government to work with faith-based organizations to provide human services (i.e., Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, employment, homelessness services, and health care) to serve America’s low-income populations. Faith-Based Initiatives, and now President Obama’s Faith and Neighborhood Partnerships Initiative have created the foundation for further partnerships between faith-based organizations and local, state, and federal governments. Limited information exists regarding the overall effectiveness of the programs in encouraging churches, specifically African American churches, to engage in services delivery. This study explores the perceptions of church leaders that influence faith-based organizations, specifically African American churches in the southeast region of Washington, DC, to provide human services. The District of Columbia has eight local wards: southeast Washington encompasses Wards 7 and 8, and has a high concentration of poverty and African Americans. The District of Columbia Department of Human Services (2010) reports that in the year 2009, 97% of Ward 7 residents were African American with 26% residing in poverty; 94% of Ward 8 residents were African American with 35% residing in poverty. The work of early sociologists, W. E. B. Dubois and Franklin Frazier is utilized to frame the theoretical background (Ethnic Identity Model) for this study. Additionally, this study relies on an African American church analysis by Lincoln and Mamiya (1990) to highlight the historical and current role of the African American church. The purpose of this study was to examine the churches of southeast Washington, DC and the level of human services provided between 2000 and 2010, during both the Bush and Obama Administrations, to understand the perceptions of the factors that influenced the level of human services during the same time frame. The study utilized a qualitative design with descriptive statistics to shed light on human service delivery of faith-based organizations in the African American community. A semistructured interview was performed on a convenience sample of 20 pastors/church leaders of churches in southeast Washington, DC. These 20 churches were identified through the District of Columbia’s yellow pages and, additionally, other data sets including advocacy organizations and community groups. This study found that neither President’s Bush’s or Obama Faith Based Initiative significantly influenced the level of provision of human services by African American Churches located in Wards 7 and 8 of southeast Washington DC. Also this study found that the majority of African American churches in wards 7 & 8 in Washington DC are more flexible and able to determine the types of services they provide by the presenting community needs. The study results will inform policymakers about whether, and how, the churches’ role in service delivery changed after the implementation of President Bush’s Faith-Based Initiative. Presidents Bush and Obama view churches and community-based organizations as strong frontline resources to address desperate challenges related to poverty, but little is known about the effectiveness of their initiatives. The results of this analysis will assist churches, community organizations, and policy formulators in providing information that will help policymakers to make more informed decisions about the potential impact of churches for service delivery in the African American community. It will also provide information about barriers to participating as partners with the government.
Books on the topic "Public services policy advice and analysis"
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Dale, Whittington, ed. Expert advice for policy choice: Analysis and discourse. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 1997.
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Social welfare: Policy and analysis. 3rd ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole--Thomson Learning, 2003.
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Dobelstein, Andrew W. Social welfare: Policy and analysis. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1990.
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Social welfare: Policy and analysis. 2nd ed. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1996.
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1956-, Short Stephanie D., ed. Health care & public policy: An Australian analysis. South Melbourne: Macmillan Company of Australia, 1989.
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Palmer, George R. Health care & public policy: An Australian analysis. 2nd ed. South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia, 1994.
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Organization, World Trade, and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, eds. A practical guide to trade policy analysis. Geneva: World Trade Organization, 2012.
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Seeking strategic advantage through health policy analysis. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press, 1996.
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Lewis, Dan A. Gaining ground in Illinois: Welfare reform and person-centered policy analysis. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010.
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Rondinelli, Dennis A. Decentralizing public services in developing countries: A framework for policy analysis and implementation. North Carolina: Research Triangle Institute, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Public services policy advice and analysis"
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Hornung, Johanna. "The Institutions of Programmatic Action." In International Series on Public Policy, 197–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05774-8_7.
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AbstractA comparison of French and German health policy between 1990 and 2020 reveals the institutions under which programmatic action occurs. Expert interviews allow for an in-depth analysis of which institutions and processes are necessary for programmatic action to take place. In presenting the results of these expert interviews, this chapter shows how different systems of elite recruitment and policy advice are relevant to programmatic action by at the same time stressing that decentralized and corporatist structures are less directly related to programmatic action.
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Brans, Marleen, Arco Timmermans, and José Real-Dato. "Strategy of Data Collection and Analysis for Comparing Policy Advisory Roles." In The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Europe, 41–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86005-9_3.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the research design of the ProSEPS comparative project on advisory roles of political scientists. In order to operationalize the theoretical concepts on policy advice and policy advisory roles as introduced in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-86005-9_2, the project uses the questions included in a large scale comparative survey to European political scientists conducted under the ProSEPS COST Action in 2018 to assess whether and how they engage in advisory activities. Chap. 3 first presents details about the content, scope, and implementation of this survey. Second, it describes how survey questions are used to operationalize the four basic types of advisory roles analyzed in the book (pure academic, expert, opinionating scholar, and public intellectual). Finally, the chapter also presents some details about the sample of 12 countries analyzed in the book, including on gender, job status, sub-disciplinary orientation, and external positions of political scientists.
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Friedländer, Benjamin, and Christina Schaefer. "Co-production of Public Goods in Shrinking Rural Regions in Germany." In New perspectives in the co-production of public policies, public services and common goods, 125–42. Liège: CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.css3chap6.
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Private sector leads the production and distribution process in many countries. However, Public Owned Enterprises (POEs) are also an important element of many developing and developed economies in this context. This analysis examines the main legal organisation forms of public owned enterprises and their financial performance. It also briefly analyses the national legislation and regulation on corruption prevention mechanisms and policy measures and anticorruption practices in public owned enterprises. Almost half of public owned enterprises in North Macedonia are working with losses and have the highest maturity and unpaid liabilities in the last five years. Public owned enterprises can either contribute or obstruct the competitiveness of the economy depending on their efficiency and productivity. This sector needs to be transparent to provide competing enterprises with a fair overview of the fundamental market conditions.
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Rasmussen, Ken. "Public policy in the provinces: more powering; less puzzling." In Policy Analysis in Canada, 99–120. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447334910.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the role politics plays in the activities of provincial public servants, and how this requires provincial public services to provide both politically sensitive and administratively effective advice. Provincial public servants are torn between their roles as professional analysts and the pressures of a complex system of networked government. Rather than putting the emphasis on “speaking truth to power” they are more often concerned with “making sense together” by encouraging learning between policy actors and elected officials. In this regard, provincial public servants have a larger role in governance when compared to their federal counterparts. That is, provincial public servants are not only assemblers of facts or gatherers of data, but rather tend to be deeply engaged with relevant communities in a process of refining and redefining provincial public policy.
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Prince, Michael J. "Trends and directions in Canadian policy analysis and policy advice." In Policy Analysis in Canada, 449–66. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447334910.003.0021.
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As public sector work, policy analysis and policy advising is the soft craft of hard choices. Changes in the context and content of Canadian politics and government in recent decades have shifted the nature of public service policy advice giving. This chapter presents these changes and their implications in relation to two approaches to policy advising. One model, the traditional approach in Canadian parliamentary governments, involves public servants speaking truth to those in power, namely cabinet ministers. The second model, reflecting contemporary trends in governance, can be described as many actors sharing many truths to decision makers. In short, there has been a shift in policy advisory systems engaged in policy analysis and matters of giving policy advice. The chapter examines each of these models, describing them and offering some criticisms, as well as noting trends in Canada that relate to this altered context of advising and policy development.
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Craft, Jonathan, and Paul Wilson. "Policy analysis and the central executive." In Policy Analysis in Canada, 147–64. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447334910.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the policy making role of key central agencies within the Canadian federal core executive, and in particular their role in initiating, contesting, directing and coordinating policy advice across government. The chapter considers the three formal public service central agencies—the Privy Council Office, the Department of Finance and the Treasury Board Secretariat—as well as the Prime Minister’s Office which, although lacking formal authority to act for the Prime Minister, is nevertheless integral in providing policy advice to the head of government and coordinating policy development among ministers’ partisan political staff. Using elite interviews and documentation obtained through Access to Information, the chapter explores the advisory instruments of policy briefing notes and memoranda to cabinet as well as general advisory processes in the central executive.
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Appe, Susan, and Fabian Telch. "Policy analysis and NGOs in Colombia." In Policy Analysis in Colombia, 257–70. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447347712.003.0016.
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This chapter focuses on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in policy analysis in institutional spaces in Colombia. It explains how NGOs exert substantial influence on social, political, and economic spheres globally, representing diverse efforts of collective action, political intervention, social service delivery, and watchdog activity over government and business sectors. It also elaborates that NGOs provide many public services and advance many other important public goods through policy analysis and advocacy. The chapter reviews definitions and terms related to the third sector in the context of Colombia, followed by an outline of Colombia's third sector government relations over the past several decades. It also examines the role of NGOs in policy analysis through the lens of the Colombian Confederation of Nongovernmental Organizations in the postagreement, the peace process, and in the implementation and monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals in Colombia.
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Olmeda, Juan C. "Policy analysis in state governments in Mexico." In Policy Analysis in Mexico. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447329152.003.0008.
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State governments have acquired a central role in Mexican politics and policy making during the last decades as a result of both democratization and decentralization. Nowadays state governments not only concentrate a significant portion of prerogatives and responsibilities in terms of service delivery but also control a substantial share of public spending. However, no systematic studies have been developed in order to understand how state governments function. This chapter provides an overview on how policies are crafted at the subnational (state) level in Mexico, the main actors taking place in the process and the way in which professional knowledge and advice influence policy makers. As it argues, the central role in the policy making process is played by the executive branch, being the governors the ones who have the final word in most important decisions. In addition, secretaries also concentrate power in particular policy areas. As a result of the lack of a professional civil service, however, a significant portion of policy analysis is performed by non-governmental actors (universities, NGOs and private firms). The chapter applies this framework to analyze a particular Mexican state, namely Mexico City.
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Giazitzi, Katerina, Vaios T. Karathanos, and George Boskou. "Personalized Nutrition Recommendations in Food Services." In Quality Assurance in the Era of Individualized Medicine, 147–70. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2390-2.ch006.
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The nutritional information on food services could be part of a public health policy against the increasing rate of obesity. The aim of this work is to present the state of art for the nutritional information on food services and the mHealth application usage, worldwide. A particular case study is presented that refers to an Electronic Intelligent System of Personalized Dietary Advice (DISYS) for tablets and smartphones. This application provides nutritional analysis of menu items and personalized suggestions according to the nutritional demands of each customer. The application was characterized as an easy-to-use, comprehensive, and useful tool. Volunteers considered that this application contributes to overall health by enabling the modulation of body weight throughout healthier choices, reduction of calorie intake, and self-monitoring. mHealth applications designed to provide nutritional information seem to be useful for customers as they recommend appropriate nutritional options. They are an effective tool for caterers and nutritionists, who can provide value-added services.
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Determinants of health." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0006.
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For health services to deliver effective prevention and treatment, a detailed understanding of the factors influencing health is critical. These factors are known as the determinants of health. Failure to address the underlying causes of disease in society will mean that sustainable improvements in the health of the population and a reduction in health inequalities will never be achieved. Tackling the contemporary determinants of health across society is a core function of public health and has now become the focus of government health policy in many parts of the world (WHO 2008). Many clinicians often feel frustrated when their advice to patients on ways of staying healthy is apparently ignored. Why don’t people stop smoking when they know the serious health risks of the habit? Why do some parents continue to give their children sweets when they have been given clear advice on the harmful effects on the child’s oral health? It is important for all health professionals to understand the factors influencing their patients’ choices and actions. Clinicians equipped with this knowledge are more likely to be effective at supporting their patients and enjoying their professional work. When asked what factors determine health, many people would probably highlight the importance of modern medicine. The use of antibiotics, high-tech equipment, and surgical advances might all be given as the most important reasons for improvements in health that have been achieved in the last hundred years. Why is modern medicine credited with such achievements and is this a true reflection of reality? Professor Thomas McKeown, a pioneer in public health research, conducted a detailed historical analysis of the reasons for the steady reduction in mortality rates that occurred in westernized countries during the last century (McKeown 1979). In his classic analysis he investigated changes in mortality rates for different conditions. As can be seen in Figure 2.1, with infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, whooping cough, and measles, significant reductions in mortality rates occurred long before treatments and vaccination programmes were even introduced.
Conference papers on the topic "Public services policy advice and analysis"
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Omitaomu, O. A., B. L. Bhaduri, C. S. Maness, J. B. Kodysh, and A. M. Noranzyk. "CoNNECT: Data Analytics for Energy Efficient Communities." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86813.
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Energy efficiency is the lowest cost option being promoted for achieving a sustainable energy policy. Thus, there have been some innovations to reduce residential and commercial energy usage. There have also been calls to the utility companies to give customers access to timely, useful, and actionable information about their energy use, in order to unleash additional innovations in homes and businesses. Hence, some web-based tools have been developed for the public to access and compare energy usage data. In order to advance on these efforts, we propose a data analytics framework called Citizen Engagement for Energy Efficient Communities (CoNNECT). On the one hand, CoNNECT will help households to understand (i) the patterns in their energy consumption over time and how those patterns correlate with weather data, (ii) how their monthly consumption compares to other households living in houses of similar size and age within the same geographic areas, and (iii) what other customers are doing to reduce their energy consumption. We hope that the availability of such data and analysis to the public will facilitate energy efficiency efforts in residential buildings. These capabilities formed the public portal of the CoNNECT framework. On the other hand, CoNNECT will help the utility companies to better understand their customers by making available to the utilities additional datasets that they naturally do not have access to, which could help them develop focused services for their customers. These additional capabilities are parts of the utility portal of the CoNNECT framework. In this paper, we describe the CoNNECT framework, the sources of the data used in its development, the functionalities of both the public and utility portals, and the application of empirical mode decomposition for decomposing usage signals into mode functions with the hope that such mode functions could help in clustering customers into unique groups and in developing guidelines for energy conservation.
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Fikri, Riyan, and Aldri Frinaldi. "Analysis Work Culture of Community Satisfaction Through Quality of Public Services." In International Conference on Public Administration, Policy and Governance (ICPAPG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.218.
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Herwanto, Moch Riza, Isa Ma'rufi, and Farida Wahyu Ningtiyas. "Analysis of The Policy Implementation in Inpatient Primary Health Center’s Services in Jember." In The 2nd International Symposium of Public Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007509901050112.
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Kotka, Taavi, Laura Kask, Karoliina Raudsepp, Tyson Storch, Rebecca Radloff, and Innar Liiv. "Policy and Legal Environment Analysis for e-Government Services Migration to the Public Cloud." In ICEGOV '15-16: 9th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2910019.2910056.
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Kusdarini and Yoga Bagas. "Analysis of Optimization of Delegation Authority to Implementation of One-Stop Integrated Services to DPMPTSP Padang City." In International Conference on Public Administration, Policy and Governance (ICPAPG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.215.
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Roza, Shelvy Haria, and Inge Angelia. "Analysis of The Implementation of Local Public Service Agency Policy on The Quality and Performance of Hospital Services." In The 2nd International Symposium of Public Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007517205290534.
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Edy, Jaya Kusuma, Wahyu Rohayati, and Ovie Yanti. "The Analysis of Service Quality on One-Stop Administration Services Office of Regional Financial Agency in Sarolangun, Jambi Province, Indonesia." In International Conference on Public Administration, Policy and Governance (ICPAPG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.177.
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Anitha, PH. "EXPENDITURE-BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES." In EPHP 2016, Bangalore, 8–9 July 2016, Third national conference on bringing Evidence into Public Health Policy Equitable India: All for Health and Wellbeing. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-ephpabstracts.28.
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Carlos Betancourt Sanchez, Luis, and Vladimir Cuenca Cuellar. "Occupational health care services for informal workers. From public policy to real practice." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002670.
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Informal workers make up the majority of active workers in the world; However, actual access to occupational health services is limited, precarious, and of minimal relevance for health promotion in the workplace. Occupational health programs have a strong emphasis on accidents and to a lesser extent on disease prevention. However, this approach is based on a deterministic vision that does not correspond to the real needs of workers with respect to their health.Some countries establish in their regulatory frameworks that occupational health and safety services are the responsibility of the employer; in other cases, the services are administered by a public regulatory framework that allows access to a greater number of workers without considering the characteristics of insertion into employment. In the case of informal workers, although they have access to some primary health care services that constitute the first contact with the health system, there is little recognition of the health problems derived from work at this level.In some sectors, such as agriculture and mining, public policies have been implemented to promote health care for informal workers. However, multiple problems hinder the continuity of the programs and the quality of care for workers. The training of health professionals to integrate actions on occupational health in primary health care is scarce. The development of competencies for health professionals and community agents is timely and necessary, not only for the identification and analysis of work-related problems but also for the promotion of health in the workplace. On the other hand, financing of health care programs is scarce, sometimes it depends on political agreements that do not materialize in public programs that are sustained over time.It is necessary to emphasize that a combined action is required between the state and institutions, which allows establishing conditions for comprehensive care from the promotion of health in the workplace. All of the above are under a vision that goes beyond the notion of accidents and occupational diseases as central axes of workers' health.
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MERKYS, Gediminas, Daiva BUBELIENE, and Nijolė ČIUČIULKIENĖ. "SATISFACTION OF RURAL POPULATION WITH PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE REGIONS: ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.154.
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The key idea of the well-being concept strives to answer the question about how well the needs of people in a society are met in different spheres of social life - the physical, economic, social, educational, environmental, emotional, and spiritual – as well as individuals’ evaluations of their own lives and the way that their society operates (Gilbert, Colley, Roberts, 2016). One of the possible suggestions for answering the question: “How well are the needs of people in a society met?” could be the monitoring of citizen’s satisfaction with public services while applying a standardized questionnaire for population covering 193 primary indicators (health, social security, culture, public transport, utilities, environment, recreation and sport, public communication, education, etc). Even 23 indicators are about education that makes educational services a considerable part of all social service system. As the researchers aimed to analyze satisfaction of rural population with public services stressing the education issue, indicators about education dominated in the survey. The data were collected in 2016 - 2017 in 2 regional municipalities: municipalities: Jonava and Radviliskis (N=2368). The results of the analysis demonstrate that rural residents' satisfaction with formal general education services is relatively high. The only negative exception is the "the placement of a child in a pre-school institution based on the place of residence". Furthermore, rural residents poorly evaluated educational services that are related to non-formal education, adult education, the education of children with disabilities, child safety, meaningful xtracurricular activities of children and young people during all day, preventive programs. These major conclusions let the researchers state that local self-governmental institutions are not capable to cope with the quality challenges of some educational services without special intervention policy of the central government and the EU responsible structural units. A negative impact is also reinforced by a rapidly deteriorating demographic situation in Lithuanian rural areas.
Reports on the topic "Public services policy advice and analysis"
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Bhagawati, Rishiraj, Dolf J. H. te Lintelo, John Msuya, and Tumaini Mikindo. Nutrition Accountability through Sub-National Scorecards in Tanzania – Policy Innovations and Field Realities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.067.
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Over the past decade, the Government of Tanzania has paid increasing attention to accountability in its nutrition policies. This has coincided with the introduction of truly innovative efforts to advance and monitor government action towards and accountability for nutrition at subnational level. A multisectoral nutrition scorecard (MNS) has been rolled out across all districts in the country, with quarterly updates on district performance. Moreover, a Nutrition Compact instrument was introduced to incentivise senior civil servants within regional and district administrations to advance efforts to promote nutrition. This paper explores how the government has used these initiatives to give accountability a particular form and meaning, pertinent to context. The paper analyses a series of policy documents and complements analysis this with field-based interviews with local officials across five regions. We find that the MNS and Compact are designed predominantly for internal purposes of government. This renders ‘accountability tools’ largely in the service of a centralised state, advancing vertical accountability. Such a narrow framing and design inhibits the potential of these instruments for galvanising social accountability, whereby citizens can hold public service providers and subnational government actors to account directly.
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Cristia, Julian P., Pedro Bernal, Julieth Santamaria, Paula Algarra, Carolina Bernal, Lisseth Escalante, Andrés Gallegos, et al. A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Selected Digital Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004525.
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The increase in access to digital technologies is opening up opportunities for governments in Latin America and the Caribbean to offer digital public services. However, there is scarce evidence regarding the benefits and costs of potential projects which makes it difficult for governments in the region to prioritize digital projects for implementation. As part of the report titled “Digitalizing Public Services: Opportunities for Latin America and the Caribbean,” produced by the Inter-American Development Bank (Cristia and Vlaicu, 2022), a set of cost-benefit analyses of the digital public services were performed. The present document complements the mentioned report by presenting the methodology, assumptions, and results of these cost-benefit analyses. To increase the comparability of the results across digital public services evaluated, common assumptions and a standardized methodology were used. Moreover, contextual conditions were fixed across projects by estimating results for a base country, Peru. The robustness of the results were examined by replicating the analysis for Chile, El Salvador, and Jamaica. Digital public services were evaluated in three sectors: education, health and government administrative services (e.g. production of identity cards). For each sector, the benefits and costs of two digital projects were estimated. For some these digital projects, only one policy option was assessed but, in other cases, several policy options were analyzed. A total of 11 policy options were assessed as part of this exercise. Results indicate that, in general, the policy options analyzed produced positive net present values. However, there is wide variation in the net present value across policy options suggesting that governments should carefully evaluate which digital public services they should prioritize for implementation.
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Lam, Terence, and Keith Gale. Construction frameworks in the public sector: Do they deliver what they promise? Property Research Trust, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/sbuk7331.
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We demonstrate that the use of Performance Frameworks for the procurement of construction projects by public sector organizations in the UK (specifically, in England) leads to significantly improved outcomes in terms of time, cost, quality, sustainability and closer relationships, than the traditional ‘open tender’ approach of procuring discrete projects, individually. We identify the factors that lead to such improvements. We label these: supplier’s task performance factors (project staff, execution approach, competence of firm and structure of firm); supplier’s contextual performance factors (trust and collaboration, culture and conscious behaviour); and client’s organisational factors (incentives, performance monitoring, procurement approach and communication). And we offer a performance improvement model that will help project managers to select the most appropriate suppliers at the procurement phase, to achieve successful project outcomes. The model can also be used to drive project performance further, by adopting client’s organisational factors during the procurement and construction phases. By applying the research conclusions, suppliers will be able to focus on communicating their strengths in the relevant aspects of task and contextual performance for technical tender proposals, and so increase the value of their services and the probabilities of winning work. And the analysis can be used by policy makers to help in drafting regulations and legislation on formal frameworks, in ways that will improve the delivery of policy objectives.
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Scholl, Lynn, Felipe Bedoya-Maya, Orlando Sabogal-Cardona, and Daniel Oviedo. Making the Links between Ride-hailing and Public Transit Ridership: Impacts in Medium and Large Colombian Cities. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003697.
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As transit ridership continues to fall in many cities across the globe, key policy debates continue around whether Uber and other ride-hailing services are contributing to this trend. This research explores the effects of the introduction of ride-hailing to Colombian cities on public transportation ridership using Ubers timeline as case study. We test the hypothesis that ride-hailing may either substitute or compete with public transit, particularly in cities with large transit service gaps in coverage or quality. Our analysis builds on historic transit ridership data from national authorities and uses a staggered difference-in-difference model that accounts for fixed effects, seasonality, socioeconomic controls, and the presence of integrated transport systems. Despite large reductions in transit ridership in most cities, our results suggest that Uber is not statistically associated with the observed drop in ridership. Moreover, consistent with evidence from previous research, public transit reforms implemented between 2007 and 2015 throughout Colombian cities appear to have contributed substantially to the declines in transit ridership observed across the country. Findings in this paper inform policy-targeted insights and contribute to current debates of the links between ride-hailing and public transit in cities in Latin America.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, and Mauricio Landin. Luxembourg COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/lux0501.
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The UN Compliance Research Group is a global organization which specializes in monitoring the work of the United Nations (UN). Through our professional team of academics, scholars, researchers and students we aim to serve as the world's leading independent source of information on members' compliance to UN resolutions and guidelines. Our scope of activity is broad, including assessing the compliance of member states to UN resolutions and plan of actions, adherence to judgments of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and commitments made at UN pledging conferences. We’re proud to present the international community and global governments with our native research findings on states’ annual compliance with the commitments of the UN and its affiliated agencies. Our goal as world citizens is to foster a global change towards a sustainable future; one which starts with ensuring that the words of delegates are transformed into action and that UN initiatives don’t remain ink on paper. Hence, we offer policy analysis and provide advice on fostering accountability and transparency in UN governance as well as tracing the connection between the UN policy-makers and Non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Yet, we aim to adopt a neutral path and do not engage in advocacy for issues or actions taken by the UN or member states. Acting as such, for the sake of transparency. The UN Compliance Research Group dedicates all its effort to inform the public and scholars about the issues and agenda of the UN and its affiliated agencies.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Coelho Resende, Noelle, Renata Weber, Jardel Fischer Loeck, Mathias Vaiano Glens, Carolina Gomes, Priscila Farfan Barroso, Janine Targino, Emerson Elias Merhy, Leandro Dominguez Barretto, and Carly Machado. Working Paper Series: Therapeutic Communities in Brazil. Edited by Taniele Rui and Fiore Mauricio. Drugs, Security and Democracy Program, Social Science Research Council, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/ssrc.2081.d.2021.
Full textAbstract:
Spread across Brazil and attaining an unparalleled political force, therapeutic communities are as inescapable in the debate on drug policy as they are complex to define. Although they are not a Brazilian creation, they have been operating in that country for decades, and their dissemination intensified in the 1990s. In 2011, they were officially incorporated into Brazil's Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, or RAPS). Since then, therapeutic communities have been at the center of public debates about their regulation; about how they should—or even if they should—be a part of the healthcare system; about the level of supervision to which they should be submitted; about their sources of funding, particularly whether or not they should have access to public funding; and, most importantly, about the quality of the services they offer and the many reports of rights violation that have been made public. However, a well-informed public debate can only flourish if the available information is based on sound evidence. The SSRC’s Drugs, Security and Democracy Program is concerned with the policy relevance of the research projects it supports, and the debate around therapeutic communities in Brazil points to a clear need for impartial research that addresses different cross-cutting aspects of this topic in its various dimensions: legal, regulatory, health, and observance of human rights, among others. It is in this context that we publish this working paper series on therapeutic communities in Brazil. The eight articles that compose this series offer a multidisciplinary view of the topic, expanding and deepening the existing literature and offering powerful contributions to a substantive analysis of therapeutic communities as instruments of public policy. Although they can be read separately, it is as a whole that the strength of the eight articles that make up this series becomes more evident. Even though they offer different perspectives, they are complementary works in—and already essential for—delineating and understanding the phenomenon of therapeutic communities in Brazil.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.
Full textAbstract:
The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Alexander, Serena, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, and Benjamin Y. Clark. Local Climate Action Planning as a Tool to Harness the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation and Equity Potential of Autonomous Vehicles and On-Demand Mobility. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1818.
Full textAbstract:
This report focuses on how cities can use climate action plans (CAPs) to ensure that on-demand mobility and autonomous vehicles (AVs) help reduce, rather than increase, green-house gas (GHG) emissions and inequitable impacts from the transportation system. We employed a three-pronged research strategy involving: (1) an analysis of the current literature on on-demand mobility and AVs; (2) a systematic content analysis of 23 CAPs and general plans developed by municipalities in California; and (3) a comparison of findings from the literature and content analysis of plans to identify opportunities for GHG emissions reduction and mobility equity. Findings indicate that maximizing the environmental and social benefits of AVs and on-demand mobility requires proactive and progressive planning; yet, most cities are lagging behind in this area. Although municipal CAPs and general plans in California have adopted a few strategies and programs relevant to AVs and on-demand mobility, many untapped opportunities exist to harness the GHG emissions reduction and social benefits potential of AVs and on-demand mobility. Policy and planning discussions should consider the synergies between AVs and on-demand mobility as two emerging mobility trends, as well as the key factors (e.g., vehicle electrification, fuel efficiency, use and ownership, access and distribution, etc.) that determine whether deployment of AVs would help reduce GHG emissions from transportation. Additionally, AVs and on-demand mobility can potentially contribute to a more equitable transportation system by improving independence and quality of life for individuals with disabilities and the elderly, enhancing access to transit, and helping alleviate the geographic gap in public transportation services.
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Alexander, Serena, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, and Benjamin Y. Clark. Local Climate Action Planning as a Tool to Harness the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation and Equity Potential of Autonomous Vehicles and On-Demand Mobility. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1818.
Full textAbstract:
This report focuses on how cities can use climate action plans (CAPs) to ensure that on-demand mobility and autonomous vehicles (AVs) help reduce, rather than increase, green-house gas (GHG) emissions and inequitable impacts from the transportation system. We employed a three-pronged research strategy involving: (1) an analysis of the current literature on on-demand mobility and AVs; (2) a systematic content analysis of 23 CAPs and general plans developed by municipalities in California; and (3) a comparison of findings from the literature and content analysis of plans to identify opportunities for GHG emissions reduction and mobility equity. Findings indicate that maximizing the environmental and social benefits of AVs and on-demand mobility requires proactive and progressive planning; yet, most cities are lagging behind in this area. Although municipal CAPs and general plans in California have adopted a few strategies and programs relevant to AVs and on-demand mobility, many untapped opportunities exist to harness the GHG emissions reduction and social benefits potential of AVs and on-demand mobility. Policy and planning discussions should consider the synergies between AVs and on-demand mobility as two emerging mobility trends, as well as the key factors (e.g., vehicle electrification, fuel efficiency, use and ownership, access and distribution, etc.) that determine whether deployment of AVs would help reduce GHG emissions from transportation. Additionally, AVs and on-demand mobility can potentially contribute to a more equitable transportation system by improving independence and quality of life for individuals with disabilities and the elderly, enhancing access to transit, and helping alleviate the geographic gap in public transportation services.