Journal articles on the topic 'Public service broadcasters'
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Skrzypczak, Jędrzej, and Grzegorz Iwasiuta. "Polarisation of Content in Polish News Making, as Exemplified by News Programmes of Licensed Broadcasters and the Public Service Broadcaster." Zeszyty Prasoznawcze 64, no. 2 (246) (2021): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/22996362pz.21.009.13474.
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The paper contains a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the news services of the three largest broadcasters and three events essential for the functioning of the state and public life in Poland. The first one was the amendment to the Supreme Court Act of July 2017. The second event was the local elections campaign in Poland (broadcasts aired on the 18th of October 2018, the last but one day of the elections campaign), while the third set of material were the news items on the murder of the Mayor of Gdańsk – Paweł Adamowicz (broadcasts aired on the 15th of January 2019, one day after the tragic event). The analysis focused on the evening news editions by the three most popular broadcasters with the highest viewership, including commercial stations (i.e. TVN’s Fakty and Polsat’s Wydarzenia) and the public broadcaster (i.e. the Polish Television’s Wiadomości). In total, 43 news items of 2 hours, 20 minutes and 6 seconds were analysed. The study has revealed a clear polarisation of news content coming from the licensed broadcasters and the public service broadcaster.
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Flynn, Roddy. "Public service broadcasting beyond public service broadcasters." International Journal of Digital Television 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.6.2.125_1.
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Masduki. "Digital interface in Indonesia’s public service broadcasting: Its initiatives and regulatory challenges." Journal of Digital Media & Policy 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00004_1.
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The merging of broadcast platforms, the Internet and social media has challenged the former state-owned broadcasters of Indonesia to find new content strategies and forms suited to the networked media environment. Over the past decade, the arrival of digital technology and rapid growth of social media has broken down the previous linear model of service delivery in Indonesian broadcasting. However, national policy on this issue remains lacking. At present, the Indonesian Broadcast Law (Law No. 32 of 2002) only gives the country’s public radio an ability to use the spectrum in the analogue model. Digital migration, as well as legal protection of social media services, remains an ongoing debate among policy-makers, that will allow free market competition, in particular to opportune the interface of service providers and content producers. Drawing from semi-structured interviews, observations and regulatory reviews, this article broadly investigates the introduction of digital interfaces in the new public service broadcasters of Indonesia, with particular focus on the process through which Indonesian PSBs have embraced the digital media environment to enable the flow of information and public participation between the media entities and their publics. In this article, I present both technology and regulatory perspectives by emphasizing the dynamics of the digital media modes of public service delivery, particularly those through which analogue broadcasts and social media have sought new ways to intertwine. In detail, I will examine certain interactive services applied by Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI), the flagship of Indonesian national public radio, namely RRI-Play, RRI.co.id and RRI-Net, to manage audience participation. Since 2016, these digital platforms have mediated public access to RRI content, generated data on media users, and monitored technological performance. In inspecting these platforms, I refer firstly to the normative debate of public service broadcasters as ‘deliberative public sphere’ before segueing into the three public-service functions that are important in social network media landscape: curation, moderation and monitoring. Furthermore, this article analyses problems behind the regulatory design of Indonesian public-service media within the context of digital broadcasts in the country.
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Volčič, Zala, and Melita Zajc. "Hybridisation of Slovene Public Broadcasting: From National Community towards Commercial Nationalism." Media International Australia 146, no. 1 (February 2013): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314600113.
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Public broadcasting institutions have existed as central and publicly funded national institutions, providing services in the public interest. The coincidence of technological, political and economic circumstances in the last 20 years or so, however, has challenged their monopoly position. Technological developments – specifically digitalisation – have expanded spectrum availability. In some cases, public television has been commercialised, privatised or marginalised by the introduction of commercial channels. This article focuses on a specific case study of the Slovene public broadcaster. It addresses the fate of public service television in the digital and post-communist era, tracing the transformation from state broadcasters to the era of digital delivery, audience fragmentation and commercial nationalism. It explores, on the one hand, the way in which public service broadcasters have embraced and capitalised on new forms of digital distribution and, on the other, how they continue to embrace national(istic) and commercial imperatives.
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Masduki. "Political economy of sport broadcasting: Assessing Indonesian PSB policy in sport broadcasting." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048516689196.
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The increasing presence of sport broadcasting on public service broadcasters in Indonesia is driven by a mixture of interests. It may serve as a tool for education and entertainment as well as for increasing awareness of ‘symbolic nationalism’. Sport can also be used as a soft political campaign in the electoral system or even for pragmatic business purposes. This article assesses the sport broadcasting histories and policies of two Indonesian public service broadcasters: Radio of the Republic of Indonesia, and Television of the Republic of Indonesia. It assesses two political periods: the authoritarian period (1966–1998) and the transition towards a more liberal system (1998-present). Furthermore, this article critically examines both the political and economic interests behind the mediated sport policy. In addition, it intends to fill the gap in studies on sport policy, specifically public service broadcaster sport programming in transitional states. This study found that a change in the political structure resulted in unstable policies of sport broadcasting in Indonesian public broadcasters.
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Trouillard, Pauline. "Financing the public service broadcasting under European Union law." Comunicação e Sociedade 30 (December 29, 2016): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.30(2016).2508.
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A protocol annexed to the Amsterdam Treaty, regarding public broadcasting in Member States, provides that Member States are free to fund public service broadcasting as far as it does not affect competition in the European Union to an extent which would be contrary to the common interest. As a result of this condition, the European Commission carries out a proportionality test to check if there is no overcompensation or disproportionate effects of public funding. It nonetheless does so by adopting a global control which considers all public broadcaster programmes as part of the public service remit. Such control is problematic because it does not take into account the distinction between commercial and public service programmes nor the actual quality of programmes. The Commission indeed focuses its control on the advertisement market, making sure that public broadcasters do not take advantage of public funding to lower the price of advertisement rates. The freedom enjoyed by public broadcasters to provide any types of programmes as far as they respect the advertisement market comes out to be contrary to citizen welfare.
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Donders, Karen. "Public service media beyond the digital hype: distribution strategies in a platform era." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 7 (August 20, 2019): 1011–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443719857616.
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The notion of public service media is used to describe public broadcasters’ provision of services that contribute to the democratic, cultural and social objectives of society, and this on multiple devices and across various technologies. While most research focuses on the theoretical case for public service media, this contribution analyses how public broadcasters strategically position themselves as providers of public service media. What are their distribution strategies in a market that is no longer dominated by the media themselves, but is characterised by a growing concentration of power in the hands of the so-called platforms and a continuous influx of new entrants? The article is based on a qualitative document analysis of public broadcasters’ strategies in Flanders, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Complementary expert interviews were also carried out. Our main finding is that public broadcasters are distributing more and more varied types of content online, but that digital-only content remains limited and is considered as a subsidiary activity. Ample reference is made to the surrounding environment as a means to legitimise the existence of public broadcasters. However, this is not yet translated into concrete and focused distribution strategies.
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Sjøvaag, Helle, Truls André Pedersen, and Thomas Owren. "Is public service broadcasting a threat to commercial media?" Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 808–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718818354.
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This article asks to what extent public service broadcasting’s online news service resembles that of commercial media. The context of this inquiry is claims of ‘out-crowding’ facing public service broadcasters across Europe. In Norway, commercial players in this debate accuse the public service broadcaster, NRK, of being too similar to competitors in the private sector for commercial operators to attain sustainable revenues in the online realm. To ascertain the extent to what these claims are warranted, this article compares NRK’s online content with that of nine commercial competitors in national and local markets, using a hybrid methodological approach combining quantitative content analysis with Latent Dirichlet allocation, analysing in excess of 115,000 documents. Findings show that commercial operators resemble each other more than they do NRK, indicating closer competition in the commercial segment than between the public service broadcaster and market players.
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Moe, Hallvard. "Public Service Media Online? Regulating Public Broadcasters' Internet Services—A Comparative Analysis." Television & New Media 9, no. 3 (March 3, 2008): 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476407307231.
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Ramsey, Phil. "Commercial Public Service Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: Public Service Television, Regulation, and the Market." Television & New Media 18, no. 7 (November 23, 2016): 639–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476416677113.
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The commercial public service broadcasters (PSBs) in the United Kingdom (UK) make a significant contribution to the country’s public service television system, alongside the BBC. Operating under the UK communications regulator Ofcom, the commercial PSB channels ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5 are required to broadcast varying levels of public service content. This places these channels in a different category to all other market broadcasters in the UK. By taking a critical political economy of communication approach, this article examines how the regulatory system functions to secure public service provision in television. A particular focus is placed on the first-run originations quotas, which govern the levels of programming that are originally produced or commissioned by a commercial PSB, and broadcast for the first time in the UK. It is argued that while fulfilling the public service remit, the commercial PSBs gain significant benefits that contribute to the underpinning of their business models.
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Bennett, James, and Niki Strange. "The BBC's Second-Shift Aesthetics: Interactive Television, Multi-Platform Projects and Public Service Content for a Digital Era." Media International Australia 126, no. 1 (February 2008): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812600112.
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This article maps out some of the implications of interactivity and convergence for television's textual and industrial forms in relation to the BBC's status as a public service broadcaster. Whilst the digitalisation of television may bring about new textual, industrial and audience configurations, the goals for broadcasters remain the same: to attract viewers in a marketplace where there is increasing competition for screen-based leisure time. John Caldwell's work on ‘second-shift aesthetics’ demonstrates how TV-dot.com synergies must now attempt to ‘master textual dispersals and user navigations that can and will inevitably migrate across brand boundaries’ in order to keep audiences engaged with their proprietary content for as long as possible (Caldwell, 2003: 136). However, for public service broadcasters, mastering these user flows does not simply take the form of an economic transaction. Rather, these second-shift strategies must serve and fulfil public service (PS) obligations and engage viewers in new relationships. Based on a combination of textual analysis and critical industrial research, including interviews with key industry personnel, this article examines the BBC's early second-shift practices in relation to interactive television (iTV) and ‘multi-platform projects’, as the corporation moves from being a PS broadcaster to a PS content-provider.
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Wang, Lingjie. "Reinventing public service communication: European broadcasters and beyond." Cultural Trends 21, no. 2 (June 2012): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2012.674767.
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Calfano, Brian Robert, and Donald P. Green. "Assessing the Efficacy of Radio Public Service Announcements: Results From Three Field Experiments." Electronic News 13, no. 3 (September 2019): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1931243119883655.
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Public service announcements (PSAs) are key staples for broadcasters in fulfilling their Federal Communications Commission–mandated public interest mission, and the familiarity of the PSA format has helped motivate broadcaster attempts to monetize these short, community-focused messages. But relatively few studies have rigorously assessed the impact of PSAs; to date, there have been no randomized experiments gauging PSAs aired on radio stations with different programming formats. To fill this gap, we report the results of three field-based experiments randomizing the airdates of PSAs on three separate broadcast radio stations. Results suggest PSAs have significant, but short-lived, effects on audience behavior. This finding has implications for organization sponsorship and broadcaster use of PSAs as well as researcher approaches to studying these spots through randomized field experiments.
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Ladeur, Karl-Heinz. "Guaranteeing the Programming Mandate of Public Broadcasters and Restraints on Private Broadcasters’ Programmes in Multimedia Conditions." German Law Journal 5, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 907–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012955.
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The present German media structures are subject to a fundamental process of self-transformation due to technological as well as societal dynamics. This is especially the case for public service broadcasting. In the post-war era, the public service networks were one of the central intermediary institutions of organized pluralism, serving both the state and society at large. It is not only the growing competition between public and private broadcasters that has led to dramatic changes to the role of public sector broadcasters. The public sector is also being challenged by the rise of the entertainment economy and a shift in focus from public to private affairs. This paper describes the hitherto established role of public service broadcasting and its present crisis. The paper then proposes a proactive legal and political regulatory strategy, which might help find a new role for public broadcasters in a much more fragmented society. The proposed strategy follows the paradigm of proceduralization, which is also prevailing in many other parts of the institutional structures of postmodern society.
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Long, Malcolm. "Do More — With Less: Some Challenges for the Public Service Broadcaster." Media Information Australia 41, no. 1 (August 1986): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604100107.
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The 1980s seems to be the decade in which public service broadcasting will have to answer for its existence as never before. Certainly in most countries, where public service broadcasting is part of the media scene, there has been the bubbling of controversy in the past: heated debates about funding; disagreements about program policies; revelations of management inefficiency and incompetence. These things are perhaps all part of the complex, somewhat neurotic love/hate relationship that audiences have with their national broadcaster. In recent years, however, the ‘debate’ about public service broadcasting has taken on a new tone. It is almost a frantic debate, conducted with a great deal of energy by government, broadcasters and audiences, and often with considerable bitterness. There is now a constant testing of the legitimacy of the public service broadcaster. Those of us who work within these organisations find that we are required regularly to make the argument for national broadcasting and to restate the philosophical assumptions that underpin its existence. Why is this so?
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Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti. "The Autonomy of Scandinavian Public Service Broadcasters During Election Campaign Periods." Nordicom Review 34, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0043.
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Abstract This comparative case study explores the formal and informal principles governing election formats produced by the public service broadcasters in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. The focus is on external regulation vs. journalistic autonomy and on principles of balance and access. The conclusion is that the Scandinavian broadcasters, to a larger extent than broadcasters in other Western countries, independently control the form and content of their election formats. This journalistic autonomy, however, has brought about election formats governed by different principles of access. The Danish and Swedish formats are based on a moderate stopwatch logic, whereas the election formats in Norway center on criteria of audience appeal, resulting in a model of access disproportionately favoring certain political parties. The high degree of journalistic control of election formats in Scandinavia, paired with the low control of political parties encourage a discussion of some of the central premises in the Democratic Corporatist Model.
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Hendrickx, Jonathan, Tim Raats, Heritiana Ranaivoson, and Michaël Opgenhaffen. "'Distinctiveness' and programme diversity in public broadcasting revisited: A seven-country comparison." International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp_00002_1.
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Abstract In the past decade, public service broadcasters have been confronted with major shifts affecting their remit, portfolio and financing. Heavily fuelled by cutbacks and increasing competition, discussions on 'distinctiveness' have resurfaced again and stand central in many policy discussions on the legitimacy of public service broadcasting. This article critically contextualizes discussions on distinctiveness within broader scholarly work on genre and genre diversity in public service broadcasting. It presents the findings of a comparative, quantitative study of the programming schedule of seven public broadcasters (Flanders, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Portugal and the United Kingdom). The article addresses how discussions on distinctiveness tap into broader discussions on genre diversity and the amount of entertainment in public service broadcasting programming, how we can assess and compare the diversity of genre programming across different broadcasters, and to what extent high levels of specific genres such as entertainment can be linked to other performance indicators of the selected public broadcasters. The article provides a consistent comparison of genre outputs, based on an original database made of a large set of countries and a high, representative number of programmes and applies a consistent set of indexes to assess not only the share of entertainment but also the diversity of the programming. The underlying question to this article is to what extent genre is still valuable to measure performance and legitimacy of public service broadcasting, considering difficulties of measuring 'genre' as proxy for public service media's (PSM) effectiveness.
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Badala Balule, Tachilisa. "Public Service Broadcasters or Government Mouthpieces – An Appraisal Of Public Service Broadcasting in Botswana." SCRIPTed 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2013): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2966/scrip.100113.77.
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Milosavljević, Marko, and Melita Poler. "Balkanization and pauperization: Analysis of media capture of public service broadcasters in the Western Balkans." Journalism 19, no. 8 (August 18, 2017): 1149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884917724629.
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This article provides an in-depth analysis of public service broadcasters in seven countries of the Western Balkans from the perspective of capture by political and market forces. A lack of editorial independence, reflected in politically biased, pro-government news content, is the main problem of public service broadcasting in the region. Another factor is the commercialization of programs, reflected in the neglect of public interest content in favor of entertainment formats, and the introduction of sponsored content and product placement. Financial difficulties, small fragmented markets, minor languages, weak economies, market pressures from commercial broadcasters, inefficient license fee collection, pressure and interference from political elites, as well as characteristics of local political and journalistic culture are among the reasons that public service broadcasters in these post-communist countries currently display similar characteristics.
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Smith, Paul. "Playing under pressure: Sport, public service broadcasting and the British Broadcasting Corporation." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 2 (March 2017): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048517692907.
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Using the UK, and particularly the British Broadcasting Corporation, as a case study, this article highlights the difficulties faced by public service broadcasters, who continue to see sports coverage as an important part of their public service remit. Following a brief account of the historical development of sports broadcasting in the UK, the article is divided into two main parts. The first part examines the main challenges faced by the British Broadcasting Corporation, namely a combination of the escalating costs of sports rights and a squeeze on its own finances. The second part of the article then moves on to focus on the continued importance of listed events legislation, which effectively guarantees that certain key national sporting events remain available on free-to-air television via public service broadcasters. The article concludes that ultimately to be able to continue to enhance cultural citizenship through the provision of a range of live sports programming public service broadcasters require more political support.
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Crespo-Pereira, Verónica, Valentín-Alejandro Martínez-Fernández, and Francisco Campos-Freire. "Neuroscience for content innovation on European public service broadcasters." Comunicar 25, no. 52 (July 1, 2017): 09–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c52-2017-01.
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The new media landscape is characterized by the fragmentation and disaffection of the audience towards The new media landscape is characterized by the fragmentation and disaffection of the audience towards traditional television. Such a context requires innovative strategies to meet the needs of the public and connect with it. This article analyses the ability of Neuroscience to optimize the production of content adapted to audiences. For this purpose, a review of management and economic reports and corporate websites of the European public broadcasters (N=100) was carried out, as well as the evolution of the audience in the period 2010-15. Also, an exploratory analysis and in-depth interviews with open and closed questionnaires was undertaken. The data collect the opinion of neuroscientific experts, Neuromarketing consultants, academics and professionals in European public television (N=22) on the usefulness and introduction of this science for audience research, its possible application in programming, and the role of Neuroeducation in the design of educational programmes. The findings determine that almost a dozen public service media in Europe are already applying audiovisual Neuromarketing as an incipient and innovative tool to test entertainment programmes, commercial spaces and competitiveness improvement strategies. However, it has not been implemented in educational content, which is a core mission of public broadcasters.El nuevo panorama mediático, caracterizado por la fragmentación y desafección de las audiencias hacia la televisión tradicional, urge la incorporación de innovadoras estrategias que atiendan a las demandas de sus públicos y conecten con ellos. El presente artículo analiza la capacidad de la Neurociencia para optimizar la producción de contenidos adaptados a las preferencias de los espectadores y comprueba la introducción de esta metodología en las radiotelevisiones públicas europeas. Para ello se realizó una revisión de los informes de gestión, memorias de cuentas y webs de las radiotelevisiones públicas estatales y regionales de la Unión Europea (N=100) así como de la evolución de sus audiencias de 2010-15. Complementariamente, a partir de un análisis exploratorio y de entrevistas en profundidad con cuestionario abierto y cerrado, se recogió la opinión de expertos neurocientíficos, consultores de Neuromarketing, académicos y profesionales de la televisión pública europea (N=22) sobre la utilidad e introducción de esta ciencia para el estudio de las audiencias y su aplicación en la programación, y el rol de la Neuroeducación en el diseño de programas educativos. Los resultados determinan que cerca de una docena de RTV públicas ya aplican el Neuromarketing audiovisual como herramienta innovadora para probar y diseñar productos de entretenimiento, bloques comerciales y estrategias de mejora de la competitividad frente a su implementación en la programación educativa, encomienda principal del servicio público.
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Picard, Robert G. "Research Note: Assessing Audience Performance of Public Service Broadcasters." European Journal of Communication 17, no. 2 (June 2002): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323102017002696.
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Marcel Betzel, Marcel Betzel, and David Ward. "The Regulation of Public Service Broadcasters in Western Europe." Trends in Communication 12, no. 1 (January 2004): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15427439tc1201_5.
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Andrews, Hannah. "‘More than a Television Channel’." Convergent Television(s) 3, no. 6 (December 24, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc065.
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Obliged by act of Parliament to ‘innovate and experiment’, Channel 4 has, since its birth in 1982, been the UK’s most pioneering commercial television broadcaster. Its arrival broadened the meaning, function and operations of public service broadcasting in the UK, with a particular focus on minorities and pushing boundaries, political and creative. In the late 1990s, though, it was under increasing threat from specialist pay-TV services that could more accurately target its audiences. As a commercially funded channel with public service responsibilities, Channel 4 was under increasing pressure to be financially independent and fulfil a challenging remit. Its response to a threatened income and increasing competition was to diversify its portfolio into various media related businesses, particularly taking advantage of the arrival of digital television to expand its offer. The subtitle of the Corporation’s 2000 Annual report, ‘More than a Television Channel’ indicates the confidence, optimism and boldness with which this expansion was approached. The rapid expansion of the channel’s portfolio in a time of relative confidence in the commercial viability of the television industry was to be reversed only a few years later, when, after it failed to produce the returns it was designed for, 4Ventures was drastically scaled back, and Channel 4 refocused its efforts on the core broadcast channel. Channel 4 therefore offers a test case in the limits of convergence as a strategy for survival for British broadcasters at the arrival of digital television. This paper focuses specifically on the areas of Channel 4’s strategy that pertained to one of the broadcaster’s particular strengths: film culture. It explores one of the film offshoots of 4Ventures: FilmFour Ltd, the film finance, production, sales and distribution company and how its failure to find a commercial hit mirrors the general problems for a commercial public service broadcaster in expanding to become a convergent television company.
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McClean, Georgie. "Special Broadcasting: Cultural Diversity, Policy Evolutions and the International ‘Crisis’ in Public Service Broadcasting." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900108.
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Public broadcasters internationally are facing challenges from technology, competition in multi-channel environments and criticisms of being out of touch with audiences. Some public broadcasters, such as the United Kingdom's BBC and the ‘pillarised’ public broadcasting system in The Netherlands, were founded almost a century ago. Their models, based on particular views of the public interest and audiences, now struggle to maintain relevance in rapidly changing, culturally diverse societies. Pure market models do not cater well for the complexities of cultural diversity. Public broadcasters with specific remits to represent diversity, such as Channel 4 in the United Kingdom, Nederlandse Programma Stichting (NPS) in The Netherlands and Australia's Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), although themselves products of specific historical moments and policy contexts, allow for more responsive relationships to multicultural societies. Although traditionally seen as more marginal, these newer models may find themselves central to arguments for ongoing funding of public broadcasting.
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Keinonen, Heidi, and Oranit Klein Shagrir. "From Public Service Broadcasting to Soci(et)al TV." Nordicom Review 38, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2016-0037.
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AbstractIn a changing media environment, television is being transformed by the adoption of practices such as audience participation and interactivity. This article analyses the ways in which managers and producers in Finnish and Israeli public service and hybrid television companies perceive participation and interactivity. We suggest that while these concepts can be described by hybrid broadcasters using the technologically- and commercially-oriented concept of ‘social TV’, the term does not adequately address the perceptions of socially-oriented public service broadcasters (PSBs). Hence, we propose the society- and value-oriented concept of ‘soci(et)al TV’ in an effort to conceptualise the PSBs’ perceptions concerning the adoption of interactivity and participation practices while they seek to fulfil their social commitments and objectives. Our argument is based on a comparative study of two different broadcasting models (public service vs. hybrid) in two national media systems and cultures.
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Ayish, Muhammad. "Arab State Broadcasting Systems in Transition The Promise of the Public Service Broadcasting Model." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 3, no. 1 (2010): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187398609x12584657078448.
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AbstractIn an Arab region entangled in global political, economic, social, and technological transformations, it seems natural to see traditionally paternalistic state broadcasting systems going through transitions. It has been noted that in Arab countries where social and political reforms are highly visible, radio and television services have been most cognizant of the need to adapt to surrounding change. Yet, in the long run, if government broadcasters are perceived to evolve along a path most compatible with envisioned democratization trends, it is public service rather than commercial broadcasting that holds the promise for that democratic vision. State broadcasters share significant features with their public service counterparts when it comes to service universality, funding, social and cultural empowerment, and public interest orientations. It is true that state broad casters in Arab countries with a progressive democratic history have demonstrated a propensity to be more inclusive and pluralistic in addressing national political and cultural issues. But all in all, their institutional affiliation with the state has been highly inhibitive for the pursuit of independence in news and current affairs, documentaries, and religious and cultural content. To bring themselves into closer alignment with the PSB model, state broadcasters need to harness ongoing social and political reforms to address four central issues arising out of their relation ship with government: editorial independence, institutional autonomy, non-state broadcast competition, and program enhancement. The writer notes that those issues have been occasionally addressed in the contexts of new audio-visual laws, broadcast restructurings, state-commercial broadcasting co-existence, and professional and technological development. The writer concludes that only an institution of genuine democratic political, social, and economic reforms in the region would secure state broadcasters' transition into the PSB model.
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Potter, Anna. "Regulating contemporary children’s television: how digitisation is re-shaping compliance norms and production practices." Media International Australia 163, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16687400.
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Since its inception, the relationship between television and the child audience has been the subject of public concern and regulatory attention. Little is known, however, about the recent impact of digitisation on the unfashionable but influential practice of television compliance, that is, the industry’s application of state regulations and broadcasters’ own editorial standards to children’s programmes. Drawing on extended interviews with broadcasters and producers, this article maps developing trends in UK and Australian compliance systems, focusing on their impact on the children’s television produced by public service broadcasters. It demonstrates that multi-platform delivery and dedicated children’s channels have caused a re-calibration of compliance standards, encouraging conservatism and risk aversion in programme production. Furthermore, as public service broadcasters abandon their efforts to attract teenage viewers, the live action drama series at which Australian producers have traditionally excelled are far less likely to be commissioned because their content and themes are considered unsuitable for young children.
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Hermida, Alfred. "E-democracy remixed: Learning from the BBC's Action Network and the shift from a static commons to a participatory multiplex." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 2, no. 2 (September 21, 2010): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v2i2.29.
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This paper examines a five-year initiative by the UK's public service broadcaster, the BBC, to reinvigorate civic engagement at a time of declining public participation in politics. The Action Network project, originally called iCan, ran from 2003 to 2008 and was one of the most high profile and ambitious attempts by a public service broadcaster to foster eParticipation through an online civic commons. This study analyzes Action Network within the context of conceptualizations of the Internet as a networked, distributed and participatory environment and the shift towards what scholars describe as a networked public sphere. It suggests that the project did not have the impact anticipated as it was borne out of a paternalistic broadcast legacy, out of step with the trend towards distributed and collaborative discourse online that reassesses the notion that the public is simply a resource to be managed. This paper argues that the BBC experience provides lessons in how the media, and specifically public service broadcasters, can contribute towards greater political participation and democratic dialogue through the Internet by adopting Web 2.0 approaches that enable citizens to engage on different levels and at different times, depending on contexts.
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Artero, Juan Pablo, Victor Orive, and Pilar Latorre. "Efficiency and benchmarks of regional public service broadcasters in Spain." Communication & Society 28, no. 3 (June 25, 2015): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.28.3.13-28.
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Gunders, John. "Book Review: Histories of Public Service Broadcasters on the Web." Media International Australia 148, no. 1 (August 2013): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314800121.
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Wilson, Peter. "Fiji TV's struggle for good service." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v5i1.651.
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Fiji TV has behaved in the fashion of most commercial broadcasters: it has sought popular programming, and it has built a respected independent news bulletin. But politicians want news that is Government public relations and "worthy" programming.
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Mano, Winston, and Viola C. Milton. "Civil society coalitions as pathways to PSB reform in Southern Africa." Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/iscc_00015_1.
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Democracy requires open public service broadcasting (PSB) institutions that constantly interact with active informed citizens. This article posits that a more proactive network of civil society across Southern Africa can produce an impact on PSB institutions in these countries enhancing reform and accountability to the public. We enter this topic by identifying pathways towards increased cooperation among public service broadcasters, civil society coalitions and other stakeholders in South Africa and Zimbabwe. The main focus is on the interaction between broadcasters, policy-makers and civil society groups, namely SOS: Support Public Broadcasting in South Africa and the Media Alliance of Zimbabwe, two leading media activist organizations in Southern Africa. The engagement by such networks can deepen public interest and reconnect PSB institutions and PSB staff to the PSB mandate and mission. Civil society coalitions working collaboratively with PSB will engender a context within which a collaboratively defined PSB mission, institutional structure and programme outcomes are constantly foregrounded in the operations and performance of the broadcasters.
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Starks, Michael John. "Digital Convergence and Content Regulation." Convergent Television(s) 3, no. 6 (December 24, 2014): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc075.
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Distribution systems for broadcasting, Press and Internet journalism are converging: the same infrastructure can deliver all three historically separate services. Reception devices mirror this: the Connected TV, the tablet and the smart phone overlap in their functionality. Service overlaps are evident too, with broadcasters providing online and on-demand services and newspapers developing electronic versions. Does this mean that media regulation policies must converge too? My argument is that they should, though only where historically different communications are now fulfilling a similar function, e.g. broadcaster online services and electronic versions of newspapers. Convergence requires a degree of harmonisation and, to this end, I advocate a review of UK broadcasting’s ‘due impartiality’ requirement and of the UK’s application of the public service concept. I also argue for independent self-regulation (rather than state-based regulation) of non-public-service broadcasting journalism. These proposals are UK-specific since, given the regulatory and cultural differences between countries, detailed policy changes are likely to be determined mainly at national level, but I note the wider European context. Moreover, the underlying principle is relevant internationally: as freedom of entry into the non-public service sector of broadcast and online journalism becomes closer to the historically much greater freedom of entry into the Press, so the regulation of freedom of expression in these converging fields should become more consistent – and, I would argue, less state-based.
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Hibberd, Matthew. "Public service broadcasting in Italy: Historical trends and future prospects." Modern Italy 6, no. 2 (November 2001): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1353294400011959.
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SummaryThe article outlines the current structure and organization of public service broadcasting in Italy and explores various options for its future development. With moves towards digital broadcasting, RAI is set to enter a discrete next stage which will bring new challenges and will inevitably lead to a revision of its public service remit. While it is currently unclear how far Italian public service broadcasting will change, there is evidence that members of the government and senior RAI managers wish partially to privatize core elements of its public service. Focusing on the development of television, the article addresses some of the salient issues facing RAI and other public service broadcasters who have become the victims of a pervasive disenchantment with public provision of goods and services.
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Hanretty, Chris. "Explaining the De Facto Independence of Public Broadcasters." British Journal of Political Science 40, no. 1 (November 17, 2009): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000712340999024x.
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Institutions operating beyond direct control of government, such as central banks, constitutional courts and public broadcasters, enjoy guarantees of de jure independence, but de jure independence is no guarantee of de facto independence. This is especially so for public broadcasting, where cultural variables are often assumed to be decisive. In this article, the de jure and de facto independence of thirty-six public service broadcasters world-wide are operationalized, and de jure independence is found to explain a high degree of de facto independence when account is taken of the size of the market for news. Other variables considered in previous literature – such as bureaucratic partisanship and the polarization of the party system – are not found to be significant.
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Masduki, Masduki. "Public service broadcasting model in Indonesian transitional democracy." Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i1.35761.
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The emergence of the public service broadcasting (PSB) system in post-authoritarian countries in Asia, including Indonesia (after the 1998 political reform), is not in line with the aspiration of the democratic media system. Most public-oriented broadcasters were born as a hybrid of universal and ideal models of a democratic channel with local and transitional media systems. This article presents an analysis of various PSB models rooted in different countries. It examines the efforts made by Indonesian stakeholders to formulate an Indonesian style of PSB from 2002 until today. The qualitative method was used to review previous studies relating to PSB policies and governance throughout the world and official policies relating to the broadcast system in Indonesia. In-depth interviews were conducted with a former legislator who formulated Broadcast Law no. 32/2002, RRI and TVRI Supervisory Boards members, and media activists. The selected offices of the Radio of the Republic of Indonesia (RRI) and the Television of the Republic of Indonesia (TVRI) were also observed as the national PSB providers in Indonesia. This study found different pathways in PSB models (policy and governance) between developed democracies, such as the UK and Germany, and post-authoritarian countries, such as Indonesia. From a regulatory perspective, Indonesia’s PSB model is a mixture of the ideal form rooted in matured democracies with the old management of RRI/TVRI as ex-government channels. The hybrid PSB model has impeded RRI and TVRI’s transition to becoming actual public service broadcasters.
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Rahman, Anis. "Not public service broadcaster but public service roles: A political history of state-broadcasting in Bangladesh." Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/iscc_00019_1.
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This article offers a historical critique of state-administered media in South Asia. Taking Bangladesh as a media epicentre, the article extrapolates the geopolitical consequences of the colonial era and postcolonial transformation in the South Asian region under which the modern state-administered media in Bangladesh continue to survive, albeit declining. Drawing from field interviews and documentary research, the article further highlights the historical struggles of the state-broadcasters, particularly Bangladesh Television, in providing public service to fragmented masses. The findings suggest that despite its failure to break free from colonial and authoritarian political misuse, state-broadcasting continues to matter for the public service to a limited extent, not because how pervasive its propaganda is but how well its programming serves the diverse publics despite persistent political mistreatment and growing market pressures. The findings are reflected with other contexts of South Asian state-broadcasting.
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Winter, Robert. "Changes in the Field of Education — Challenges for Public Service Broadcasters." Educational Media International 35, no. 2 (June 1998): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0952398980350212.
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Skogerbø, Eli, Eva Josefsen, and Anna-Maria Fjellström. "Indigenous Political Journalism in the Norwegian and Swedish Public Service Broadcasters." Journalism Studies 20, no. 7 (June 6, 2018): 991–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2018.1477550.
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Higgins, Michael. "Petros Iosifidis (ed.), Reinventing Public Service Communication: European Broadcasters and Beyond." European Journal of Communication 26, no. 4 (December 2011): 390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323111428407.
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Ferrell Lowe, Gregory. "Customer Differentiation and Interaction: Two CRM Challenges for Public Service Broadcasters." Journal of Media Business Studies 5, no. 2 (June 2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2008.11073464.
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Masduki. "Assessing the role of global media assistance in promoting public service broadcasting in Indonesia." Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/iscc_00017_1.
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In today’s globally connected society, the transformation of state-administered broadcasters into public service broadcasters (PSB) in new democracies is part of international media development projects that seek to democratize media systems following the collapse of authoritarian ideologies in the 1990s. This article traces the ‘what, who, when and how’ of international media assistance, with particular focus on projects that sought to transform Indonesia’s state-run broadcasters into PSBs during the 2000s–2010s. Drawing on extensive library research and semi-structured interviews, this article demonstrates the role of international agencies in the promotion of public service media in post-authoritarian Indonesia. They have influenced civil societies, policy-makers and media elites and promoted a belief that an independent and public-owned media enable people to better participate in a mediated public sphere. In this manner, international agencies have influenced policy design as Indonesia has transformed its national state-owned broadcast channels from state institutions into public ones. However, this article also finds that global intervention has failed to influence the more specific elements of PSB policy and implementation. In Indonesia, global work has focused on national regulatory design, leaving implementation to local actors. Furthermore, Indonesia’s PSB policy is but ‘an imitative version’ of PSB policies in developed western countries, lacking a detailed guide for transforming the country’s state-channels into true PSBs.
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Moe, Hallvard. "Public Service Broadcasting and Social Networking Sites: The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation on Facebook." Media International Australia 146, no. 1 (February 2013): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314600115.
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Social networking sites have become staples in everyday life in many parts of the world. Public service broadcasters have ventured on to such services, aiming to reach new users. This move triggers a line of question about the borders between the public and the commercial, the control of content and the shifting power in media policy. Focusing on the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation's use of Facebook, this article offers insights into what exactly is new about the challenges posed by social networking sites, and explores how this instance of hybrid arrangements impacts on our understanding of public service media.
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Pečiulis, Žygintas. "Visuomeninis transliuotojas: nepriklausomumas ir politinės valdžios įtakos problema." Informacijos mokslai 54 (January 1, 2010): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2010.0.3174.
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Vakarų Europoje po Antrojo pasaulinio karo susiformavusi visuomeninio audiovizualinio transliuotojo sistema XX amžiaus pabaigoje paplito visoje Europoje. Keturis pokario dešimtmečius visuomeniniai transliuotojai dirbo valstybinio monopolio sąlygomis, praėjusio amžiaus devintajame dešimtmetyje prasidėjo konkurencinė kova su komerciniais transliuotojais. Esminiai visuomeninės audiovizualinės tarnybos bruožai – diskusijų ir nuomonių pliuralizmo skatinimas, kultūros, švietimo sklaida, nacionalinio identiteto įtvirtinimas, ypatingas dėmesys tautinei įvairovei. Svarbiausi būdai užtikrinti tinkamą visuomeninio transliuotojo veiklą – finansinis ir politinis nepriklausomumas nuo politinės valdžios. Tai padaryti leidžia visuomeninis valdymas ir tiesiogiai piliečių mokamas abonentinis mokestis. Tačiau Europos visuomeniniams transliuotojams būdinga valdymo ir finansavimo modelių įvairovė. Taip pat pastebimas valdančiųjų politinių jėgų siekis kontroliuoti visuomeninį transliuotoją arba daryti jam įtaką. Šiame straipsnyje aptariami konkretūs atvejai, kai akivaizdžiai matomos Lietuvos politikų pastangos daryti įtaką Lietuvos radijo ir televizijos (LRT) veiklai. Konkrečios situacijos nagrinėjamos lyginant su teoriniais visuomeninio transliuotojo principais, galiojančiais teisės aktais, pateikiamas tarptautinis kontekstas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: audiovizualinė masinė komunikacija, visuomeninis transliuotojas, nepriklausomumas, politinė įtaka, Lietuva, LRT.Public Service Broadcasting: Independence and the Problem of Political Power InfluenceŽygintas Pečiulis SummaryThe public audiovisual broadcasting system has formed in West Europe after World War II, and at the end of the 20th century it spread in the whole Europe. Public service broadcasting has operated in national monopoly conditions for four postwar decades. In the last century’s ninth decade, the competitive fight with commercial broadcasters has begun. The essential features of public service broadcasting are encouragement of discussions and opinions, culture and education spread, national identity strengthening, special attention to national diversity. The basic conditions of securing a proper operation of public service are financial and political independence from the political power. It can be done by public management and the licence fee paid directly by citizens. However, the variety of managing and financing models are natural for Europe’s public broadcasters. There are also governing political powers’ ambitions to control the public broadcaster. There are particular cases of obvious attempts of Lithuanian politicians to influence the Lithuanian Radio and Television (LRT). Particular situations are analysed in comparison with the theoretic principles of public service broadcasting, valid legal acts. Also, the international context is shown.Key words: audiovisual mass communication, public service broadcasting, independence, political influence, Lithuania, LRT.
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Keene, Rachael. "Film4, Freeview and Public Service Broadcasting: Screening Films on British Television in the Multi-channel Era." Journal of British Cinema and Television 11, no. 4 (October 2014): 499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2014.0231.
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This article analyses the shift in programming policy that took place when Channel 4's specialist subscription channel FilmFour was relaunched as Film4 on the Freeview digital terrestrial television platform in 2006. Adopting a similar survey approach to Hannah Andrews (2012), this article examines new data sources tracking patterns in programming and scheduling practices in order to interrogate the nationality, age and genre of films screened on both channels between 1998 and 2011. The changing character of film programming during this period is shown to relate, in part, to increased commercial pressures brought about by the rapidly evolving multi-channel landscape. But while commercial imperatives were indeed a key factor in this evolution, Film4's scheduling strategies are also shown to be a product of the broadcaster's desire to reassert its public service identity in the Freeview era. Bibliographical addition: Andrews, H. (2012), ‘Public Service Broadcasters and British Cinema, 1990–2010’. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Warwick.
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Hallsworth, Djuna. "National broadcasting, international audiences: How cultural difference is represented in the Danish television dramas Ride upon the Storm, Liberty and Greyzone." Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00018_1.
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Denmark represents a noteworthy ‐ and rather successful ‐ example of where state-funded public service broadcasters have retained strong branding locally while asserting an online streaming presence and negotiating sustainable transnational partnerships for future collaboration, thus consolidating domestic and international markets. This article analyses the impact of the shift away from national broadcasting towards transnational production cultures on the Danish domestic market, historically dominated by local public service broadcasters: Danmarks Radio and TV2. Using the television dramas Ride upon the Storm, Liberty and Greyzone as case studies, the article examines the idea that trends towards harnessing global audiences and fostering transnational production collaborations may partially undermine the distinctive cultural and linguistic features of Danish television drama.
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Stockmann, Daniela. "Greasing the Reels: Advertising as a Means of Campaigning on Chinese Television." China Quarterly 208 (December 2011): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741011001032.
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AbstractThis article examines a major change in campaigning through the means of mass media during the reform era. As the media commercialized and partially privatized, the state has tried increasingly to involve societal actors in the production of public service advertisements (PSAs) on television. Today, PSA campaigns are initiated by state and Party units, but their funding, production and broadcasting is made possible by a collaborative effort between broadcasters, advertising companies and commercial enterprises who voluntarily support their further development. I conducted 27 in-depth interviews with officials, broadcasters and producers in Beijing to tap into the policy rationale behind the use of public service advertisements in campaigning and the incentive structure facilitating collaboration between companies and state units. Interviews with judges of PSA competitions and content analysis of price-winning advertisements reveal the standards of the central government to employ public service advertising as a means of campaigning.
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Soroka, Stuart, Blake Andrew, Toril Aalberg, Shanto Iyengar, James Curran, Sharon Coen, Kaori Hayashi, et al. "Auntie Knows Best? Public Broadcasters and Current Affairs Knowledge." British Journal of Political Science 43, no. 4 (December 6, 2012): 719–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123412000555.
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Public service broadcasters (PSBs) are a central part of national news media landscapes, and are often regarded as specialists in the provision of hard news. But does exposure to public versus commercial news influence citizens’ knowledge of current affairs? This question is investigated in this article using cross-national surveys capturing knowledge of current affairs and media consumption. Propensity score analyses test for effects of PSBs on knowledge, and examine whether PSBs vary in this regard. Results indicate that compared to commercial news, PSBs have a positive influence on knowledge of hard news, though not all PSBs are equally effective in this way. Cross-national differences are related to factors such asde jureindependence, proportion of public financing and audience share.
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Orive Serrano, Víctor, María Latorre Martínez, and Juan Artero Muñoz. "Economic differences among regional public service broadcasters in Spain according to their management model. An empirical analysis for period 2010-2013." Intangible Capital 12, no. 2 (March 17, 2016): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.722.
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Purpose: This piece of research quantifies and analyses empirically the given economic differences among public service television in Spain according to the adopted management model (classic or outsourced). Design/methodology/approach: In so doing, an average contrast of different economic variables studied in the literature is conducted (audience share, total assets, public subsidies, cost of personnel, suppliers spending and profit after taxes). In addition, these variables are related so as to calculate productivity obtained by each two groups of television operators. This analysis is conducted for period 2010-2013, featured by a crisis context in the Spanish economy. Findings: Management model adopted by each regional broadcaster impacts on different economic variables as obtained share, total assets, public subsidies, cost of personnel, suppliers spending or profit after taxes. Moreover, those public corporations adopting an outsourced management model present better productivity values. Research limitations/implications: Only one country has been analyzed for a 4 years period. Practical implications: Regional public service broadcasters with an outsourced model present less economic losses and require less public subsidies by their corresponding regional governments. Social implications: Outsourcing part of the value chain can be useful so as to guarantee sustainability of regional public service television. Originality/value: It has been proven empirically that the management model of a regional public service television impacts its economic results.