Journal articles: 'Public sector - Australia'

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Graham, Peter. "Public Sector Marketing in Australia:." Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing 3, no. 3-4 (December 29, 1995): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j054v03n03_07.

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Freed, Gary L., Erin Turbitt, and Amy Allen. "Public or private care: where do specialists spend their time?" Australian Health Review 41, no. 5 (2017): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15228.

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Objectives The aim of the present study was to provide data to help clarify the public–private division of clinical care provision by doctors in Australia. Methods A secondary analysis was performed of data from the workforce survey administered by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency. The questionnaire included demographic and employment questions. Analysis included frequency distributions of demographic variables and mean and median calculations of employment data. Data were analysed from those currently employed in eight adult specialities chosen to provide a mix of surgical and medical fields. The specialties were orthopaedic surgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, cardiology, neurology, nephrology, gastroenterology and rheumatology. Results For the specialities analysed in the present study, a large majority of the time spent in patient care was provided in the private sector. For the surgical specialties studied, on average less than 30% of clinical time was spent in the public sector. There was considerable variation among specialties in whether a greater proportion of time was spent in out-patient versus in-patient care and how that was divided between the public and private sectors. Conclusions Ensuring Australians have a medical workforce that meets the needs of the population will require assessments of the public and private medical markets, the needs of each market and the adequacy with which current physician clinical time allocation meets those requirements. By appreciating this nuance, Australia can develop policies and strategies for the current and future speciality workforce to meet the nation’s needs. What is known about the topic? Australian medical specialists can split their clinical practice time between the public (e.g. public hospitals, public clinics) and private (e.g. private hospitals, private consulting rooms) sectors. For all medical specialists combined, working hours have been reported to be similar in the public and private sectors. In aggregate, 48% of specialists work across both sectors, 33% work only in public practice and 19% work only in private practice. What does this paper add? Because of the potential for significant variability across specialties, these consolidated figures may be problematic in assessing the public and private allocation of the physician workforce. Herein we provide the first speciality-specific data on the public–private mix of practice in Australia. Among the most important findings from the present study is that, for many specialists in Australia, a large majority of time is spent providing care to patients in the private sector. For the surgical specialties studied, on average less than 30% of clinical time is spent in the public sector. What are the implications for practitioners? Public policies that are designed to ensure an adequate medical workforce will need to take into account the division of time providing care in the public vs. the private sector. Public perceptions of shortages in the public sector may increase the availability of public sector positions.

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Hess, Michael, and David Adams. "Public sector reform and the public interest in Australia." Asian Journal of Political Science 11, no. 1 (June 2003): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02185370308434217.

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Mahuteau, Stephane, Kostas Mavromaras, Sue Richardson, and Rong Zhu. "Public-Private Sector Wage Differentials in Australia." Economic Record 93 (May 2, 2017): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12334.

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Edwards, Meredith. "Public Sector Governance - Future Issues for Australia." Australian Journal of Public Administration 61, no. 2 (June 2002): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.00272.

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Preston, Noel. "PUBLIC SECTOR ETHICS IN AUSTRALIA: A REVIEW." Australian Journal of Public Administration 54, no. 4 (December 1995): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1995.tb01159.x.

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White, Kevin, and Fran Collyer. "Health Care Markets in Australia: Ownership of the Private Hospital Sector." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 3 (July 1998): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a9u4-jxgx-87y7-5b34.

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Over the past decade, the Australian hospital sector has undergone a massive economic and administrative reorganization with ramifications for both the private and the public sectors. Changes such as privatization, deregulation, and the entry of foreign capital into the hospital sector are occurring in the hospital systems of many countries, including Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. These developments are radically transforming the hospital sector, altering established relationships between the state, the medical profession, the consumer, and the corporate investor, and raising important questions about the future of hospital services in regard to equity, accessibility, and quality.

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GROSSMAN, PHILIP J. "Fiscal Decentralization and Public Sector Size in Australia*." Economic Record 68, no. 3 (September 1992): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1992.tb01770.x.

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Campbell, Paul. "ACCOUNTING STANDARDS FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN AUSTRALIA." Financial Accountability and Management 5, no. 1 (March 1989): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.1989.tb00077.x.

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Bunn, Michelle, Robyn Pilcher, and David Gilchrist. "Public sector audit history in Britain and Australia." Financial Accountability & Management 34, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/faam.12143.

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Fitch, Kate. "Rethinking Australian public relations history in the mid-20th century." Media International Australia 160, no. 1 (August 2016): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16651135.

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This article investigates the development of public relations in Australia and addresses calls to reconceptualise Australian public relations history. It presents the findings from an analysis of newspaper articles and industry newsletters in the 1940s and 1950s. These findings confirm the term public relations was in common use in Australia earlier than is widely accepted and not confined to either military information campaigns during the war or the corporate sector in the post-war period, but was used by government and public institutions and had increasing prominence through industry associations in the manufacturing sector and in social justice and advocacy campaigns. The study highlights four themes – war and post-war work, non-profit public relations, gender, and media and related industries – that enable new perspectives on Australian public relations history and historiography to be developed.

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Clarke, Harry. "Australian Tourism Industry Policy: A New View." Tourism Economics 3, no. 4 (December 1997): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300405.

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An economic rationale for Australian public sector involvement in the management of tourism can be established on two grounds. First, there are resource/environmental and public good issues contingent on the external costs associated with Australia's domestic and international tourism. Second, there are rent extraction and marketing issues stemming from Australia's destination uniqueness and the consequent existence of national market power in the provision of international tourism. Analysis of this joint rationale for policy activism suggests a form for appropriate policies and a functional separation in the organization and management of policy. While some of the present discussion is specific to Australia, the viewpoint developed here is relevant to any economy with a substantial tourism sector.

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Given, Jock. "A 50/50 Proposition: Public-Private Partnerships in Australian Communications." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900111.

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The Australian government's proposed public–private broadband partnership is the latest dramatisation of the constantly shifting roles of the private and public sectors in communications. Over the last century and a half, the sector has been a steady source of new institutional models around the world. This article examines the experience of Australia's main wireless company, AWA, as a private–public partnership for nearly 30 years. Reconstructed as a joint enterprise in 1922 to establish direct wireless telegraph services between Australia and Britain and North America, AWA remained co-owned by the Commonwealth and private shareholders until 1951. Several features of this experience seem relevant to the proposed national broadband partnership: the level of political support for the structure; the implications of changes in the use of wireless technology over the life of the investment; the management of market power; financial performance; and the duration of the arrangement.

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Williamson, Sue, Lisa Carson, and Meraiah Foley. "Representations of New Public Management in Australian Public Service gender equality policies." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 39, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-05-2019-0145.

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Purpose Governments have demonstrated a renewed interest in progressing gender equality for their workforces, including in Australia. This refocusing has resulted in a tranche of new gender equality policies being introduced into the Australian Public Service (APS). The purpose of this paper is to examine how New Public Management (NPM) is reflected in these gender equality policies and consider whether NPM may assist or hinder gender being “undone” or “redone” in APS organisations. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis was conducted to assess the strategies contained within the gender equality policies of all 18 Australian government departments. Findings The content analysis reveals that the policies strongly reflect an NPM framing, except in one important area – that of monitoring and evaluation. The lack of attention to this crucial element of NPM may hinder effective implementation of many of the policies. The authors also conclude that while good intent is evident in the policies, they may “redo” rather than “undo” gender in organisations. Practical implications The paper will assist organisations which are developing and implementing gender equality policies. Even though NPM is specific to the public sector, the research highlights the potential and pitfalls when developing such policies in an environment focused on increasing efficiencies and reducing costs. Originality/value While gender equality and public sector reforms occurred simultaneously in Australia, few researchers have examined the interactions between the two.

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Munawar, Hafiz Suliman, Sara Imran Khan, Zakria Qadir, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Insight into the Impact of COVID-19 on Australian Transportation Sector: An Economic and Community-Based Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031276.

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major virus outbreak of the 21st century. The Australian government and local authorities introduced some drastic strategies and policies to control the outspread of this virus. The policies related to lockdown, quarantine, social distancing, shut down of educational institute, work from home, and international and interstate travel bans significantly affect the lifestyle of citizens and, thus, influence their activity patterns. The transport system is, thus, severely affected due to the COVID-19 related restrictions. This paper analyses how the transport system is impacted because of the policies adopted by the Australian government for the containment of the COVID-19. Three main components of the transport sector are studied. These are air travel, public transport, and freight transport. Various official sources of data such as the official website of the Australian government, Google mobility trends, Apple Mobility trends, and Moovit were consulted along with recently published research articles on COVID-19 and its impacts. The secondary sources of data include databases, web articles, and interviews that were conducted with the stakeholders of transport sectors in Australia to analyse the relationship between COVID-19 prevention measures and the transport system. The results of this study showed reduced demand for transport with the adoption of COVID-19 prevention measures. Declines in revenues in the air, freight, and public transport sectors of the transport industry are also reported. The survey shows that transport sector in Australia is facing a serious financial downfall as the use of public transport has dropped by 80%, a 31.5% drop in revenues earned by International airlines in Australia has been predicted, and a 9.5% reduction in the freight transport by water is expected. The recovery of the transport sector to the pre-pandemic state is only possible with the relaxation of COVID-19 containment policies and financial support by the government.

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E.D. Love, Peter, Damien O’Donoghue, Peter R. Davis, and Jim Smith. "Procurement of public sector facilities." Facilities 32, no. 9/10 (July 1, 2014): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2012-0020.

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Purpose – The purpose of this research is to determine the perceptions of a public sector agency’s representatives who are involved in the selection of procurement methods about the benefits and barriers of implementing early contractor involvement (ECI). There have been widespread calls for the public sector to use of non-traditional delivery methods so as to obtain better “value for money”. ECI is one form of delivery approach that has begun to attract the attention of many Australian State Governments, as it allows a contractor to proactively participate in design development, risk management and the construction programming processes. Design and construction processes can also be integrated which, therefore, overcome the impediments and barriers that have conventionally existed between designers and contractor. Within Western Australia, the use of ECI has been limited and therefore perceptions about its potential application are obtained. Design/methodology/approach – Using questionnaire surveys and follow-up semi-structured interviews, the research sought to determine the perceptions of a public sector agency’s representatives who are involved in the selection of procurement methods about the benefits and barriers of implementing ECI. Findings – It is revealed that a significant proportion of contractors did not have the capability and experience to be involved within an ECI approach. Their preference was the use of a traditional lump-sum method. Where there was limited scope for using competitive tendering, particularly on large complex projects, then ECI could be a preferred option for future projects. Originality/value – To date, there has been limited empirical research that examined the public sectors views on the use of ECI despite the calls for the greater use of integrated procurement methods of this nature. The research indicates that there is a need to develop strategies to better educate public sector clients, designers and contractors about how ECI can contribute to the development of innovative solutions and better value for money.

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Harrison, Graeme L., and Kevin M. Baird. "The organizational culture of public sector organizations in Australia." Australian Journal of Management 40, no. 4 (October 20, 2014): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896214529440.

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Guthrie, James. "Public Sector Audit of Programmes and Management in Australia." Managerial Auditing Journal 2, no. 3 (March 1987): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb017598.

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Bailey, Janis, Bob Horstman, Kristin Berger, and Ray Fells. "Public Sector Labour Relations in Western Australia – An Overview." Australian Journal of Public Administration 59, no. 4 (December 2000): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.00187.

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Morley, Karen, and Tricia Vilkinas. "Public sector executive development in Australia: 2000 and beyond." International Journal of Public Sector Management 10, no. 6 (November 1997): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513559710190780.

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Leggat, Sandra G., Zhanming Liang, and Peter F. Howard. "Differentiating between average and high-performing public healthcare managers: implications for public sector talent management." Australian Health Review 44, no. 3 (2020): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19087.

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ObjectiveEnsuring sufficient qualified and experienced managers is difficult for public sector healthcare organisations in Australia, with a limited labour market and competition with the private sector for talented staff. Although both competency-based management and talent management have received empirical support in association with individual and organisational performance, there have been few studies exploring these concepts in the public healthcare sector. This study addresses this gap by exploring the perceived differences in demonstration of core competencies between average and higher-performing managers in public sector healthcare organisations. MethodsMixed methods were used to define and measure a set of competencies for health service managers. In addition, supervisors of managers were asked to identify the differences in competence between the average and high-performing managers reporting to them. ResultsSupervisors could clearly distinguish between average and higher-performing managers and identified related competencies. ConclusionsThe consistent pattern of competence among community health and hospital public sector managers demonstrated by this study could be used to develop a strategic approach to talent management for the public healthcare sector in Australia. What is known about this topic?Although there are validated competency frameworks for health service managers, they are rarely used in practice in Australia. What does this paper add?This paper illustrates the perceived differences in competencies between top and average health services managers using a validated framework. What are the implications for practitioners?The public health sector could work together to provide a more effective and efficient approach to talent management for public hospitals and community health services.

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Chowdhury, Anup, and Nikhil Chandra Shil. "PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC SECTOR AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 12, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/17.12.07.

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This research explored in depth the evolution of performance measurement systems in the context of new public management initiatives in Australian public sector. A governmental department in the Australian Capital Territory was selected for the purpose of the exploration. The qualitative research approach was adopted and data was collected following case study tradition. The main data sources were archival official documents and interviews. In addition, the researchers used direct observation to supplement and corroborate the archival documents and interview data. The empirical evidence presented in this research supports the fact that the selected Australian government department has implemented performance measurement systems in the line of new public management to illustrate the department’s commitment to efficiency and accountability. The research undertaken was in-depth, using a case study and though generalization is not possible from this single case study, the findings may be expected to add knowledge to existing literature and provide some important lessons for other public sector entities of the developing countries who are interested in adopting performance measurement systems as their control devices. Keywords: public sector, performance measurement systems, new public management, developing countries, Australia.

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Brodribb, Wendy, and Yvette Miller. "Which mothers receive a post partum home visit in Queensland, Australia? A cross-sectional retrospective study." Australian Health Review 39, no. 3 (2015): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14055.

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Objective Although home visiting in the early post partum period appears to have increased, there are limited data defining which women receive a visit and none that include Queensland. We aimed to investigate patterns of post partum home visiting in the public and private sectors in Queensland. Methods Data were collected via a retrospective cross-sectional survey of women birthing in Queensland between 1 February and 31 May 2010 at 4 months post partum (n = 6948). Logistic regression was used to assess associations between receiving a home visit and sociodemographic, clinical and hospital variables. Analyses were stratified by public and private birthing sector because of significant differences between sectors. Results Public sector women were more likely to receive a visit from a nurse or midwife (from the hospital or child health sector) within 10 days of hospital discharge (67.2%) than private sector women (7.2%). Length of hospital stay was associated with home visiting in both sectors. Some vulnerable subpopulations in both sectors were more likely to be visited, whereas others were not. Conclusions Home visiting in Queensland varies markedly between the public and private sector and is less common in some vulnerable populations. Further consideration to improving the equity of community post partum care in Queensland is needed. What is known about the topic? A recent paper found that most women from the public sector in Victoria and South Australia receive an early post partum home visit from a midwife or nurse. Queensland only recently implemented a program to increase post partum home visiting but who receives visits is still unknown. What does this paper add? No previous study has investigated which women receive early post partum home visits in Queensland, nor home visiting rates within the private sector. This paper also examines whether specific subpopulations of vulnerable post partum women are receiving home visits so that patterns of inequity or unmet needs can be identified. What are the implications for practitioners? Home visiting by nurses or midwives in the post partum period in Queensland was less common than in other Australian states, and varies markedly between the public and private sector. These differences highlight inequities in community post partum care that need to be addressed if women are to receive the most cost-effective and clinically appropriate care and support in the post partum period.

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BORLAND, JEFF, JOE HIRSCHBERG, and JENNY LYE. "Earnings of Public Sector and Private Sector Employees in Australia: Is There a Difference?" Economic Record 74, no. 224 (March 1998): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1998.tb01902.x.

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Woon, Peir Peir, Bikram Chatterjee, and Carolyn J. Cordery. "Heritage reporting by the Australian public sector." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 612–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2015-2008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the future development of heritage reporting in Australia. Public sector reporting of heritage has been a long-standing issue, due to shortcomings in (sector-neutral) for-profit-based financial reporting standards. Australia’s sector-neutral approach does not meet public sector users’ information needs. The authors develop a heritage reporting model to balance community and other stakeholders’ interests and address prior critiques. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews heritage reporting requirements in Anglo-Western Countries, and analyses commentaries and research publications. It evaluates the existing reporting requirements in the context of new public management (which focusses on information and efficiency) and new public governance (NPG) (focussing on balancing interests and quality). Findings The paper proposes an NPG-based heritage reporting model which includes indicators of performance on the five UNESCO (1972) dimensions and operational guidelines issued by UNESCO (2015). These are identification, presentation, protection, conservation and transmission. The proposed model is consistent with the notion of US SFFAS 29 (the standard for Federal entities). Not all heritage must be capitalised and hence attachment of monetary value, but detailed disclosures are necessary. Research limitations/implications The authors expect the proposed heritage reporting model to better serve users of heritage information compared to the present Australian Accounting Standards Board 116: Property, Plant and Equipment. Originality/value The authors’ proposed model of heritage reporting attempts to answer Carnegie and Wolnizer’s (1995, 1999) six questions, addresses decades of concerns raised in previous literature and provides a new perspective to heritage reporting based on NPG that should better serve users’ needs.

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Bradley, Lisa, and Rachel Parker. "Public Sector Change in Australia: Are Managers' Ideals Being Realized?" Public Personnel Management 30, no. 3 (September 2001): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600103000305.

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Willard, Patricia. "Public Sector Reform in Australia and its Impact on Libraries." International Information & Library Review 27, no. 4 (December 1995): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10572317.1995.10762381.

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Dixon, John. "The Changing Nature of Public Administration in Australia." Public Personnel Management 17, no. 2 (June 1988): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608801700211.

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This article overviews the changing nature of public administration in Australia in the 1980s. It gives details of the reforms introduced or planned and then explores the efforts of public sector managers.

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Parker, Lee D., Kerry Jacobs, and Jana Schmitz. "New public management and the rise of public sector performance audit." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 1 (November 29, 2018): 280–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-06-2017-2964.

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Purpose In the context of global new public management reform trends and the associated phenomenon of performance auditing (PA), the purpose of this paper is to explore the rise of performance audit in Australia and examines its focus across audit jurisdictions and the role key stakeholders play in driving its practice. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a multi-jurisdictional analysis of PA in Australia to explore its scale and focus, drawing on the theoretical tools of Goffman. Documentary analysis and interview methods are employed. Findings Performance audit growth has continued but not always consistently over time and across audit jurisdictions. Despite auditor discourse concerning backstage performance audit intentions being strongly focussed on evaluating programme outcomes, published front stage reports retain a strong control focus. While this appears to reflect Auditors-General (AGs) reluctance to critique government policy, nonetheless there are signs of direct and indirectly recursive relationships emerging between AGs and parliamentarians, the media and the public. Research limitations/implications PA merits renewed researcher attention as it is now an established process but with ongoing variability in focus and stakeholder influence. Social implications As an audit technology now well-embedded in the public sector accountability setting, it offers potential insights into matters of local, state and national importance for parliament and the public, but exhibits variable underlying drivers, agendas and styles of presentation that have the capacity to enhance or detract from the public interest. Originality/value Performance audit emerges as a complex practice deployed as a mask by auditors in managing their relationship with key stakeholders.

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D'Aleo, Nina, Peter Stebbins, Roger Lowe, Danielle Lees, and David Ham. "Managing Workplace Stress: Psychosocial Hazard Risk Profiles in Public and Private Sector Australia." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2007): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrc.13.2.68.

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AbstractThe present research examined the perceptions of Australian employees on dimensions of workplace stress. The sample included 664 male (n= 234) and female (n= 430) workers from the public (n= 559) and private (n= 105) sectors. Participants completed the Health and Safety Executive Indicator Tool as a measure of workplace stress. Results indicated that private sector employees rated their employers as being more effective in managing workplace stress, while employees in both sectors rated their employers as less effective in managing Job Content stressors than Job Context stressors. Compared with normative benchmarks, employees overall also reported risks of stress associated with Relationships and Role. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research were discussed.

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McGregor-Lowndes, Myles, and Alexandra Williamson. "Foundations in Australia: Dimensions for International Comparison." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 13 (May 2, 2018): 1759–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773495.

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Australia lacks a dedicated legal structure for foundations, and public data on its philanthropic sector are sparse. There is no public registry of foundations as opposed to charities generally, and the information held by the revenue office on foundation activity is generally unavailable. Available data are presented and show that Australian foundations are experiencing a phase of slow but steady growth in both numbers and size, punctuated by an increasing number of high-profile philanthropic donations by individuals, which are bringing public attention to the sector. This has been partially enabled by new tax arrangements that permit modified U.S.-style family foundations. Community foundations and collective giving are steadily growing as well. The major fields of foundation activity as well as their growing roles in Australian society are described. Finally, a research agenda is proposed that encompasses not only improved data collection but an exploration of emerging trends such as foundation staff professionalization, response to government marketization of welfare provision, and the increasing voice of foundations concerned with the environment.

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Preston, Alison, Elisa Birch, and Andrew R. Timming. "Sexual orientation and wage discrimination: evidence from Australia." International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 6 (July 19, 2019): 629–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2018-0279.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to document the wage effects associated with sexual orientation and to examine whether the wage gap has improved following recent institutional changes which favour sexual minorities. Design/methodology/approach Ordinary least squares and quantile regressions are estimated using Australian data for 2010–2012 and 2015–2017, with the analysis disaggregated by sector of employment. Blinder–Oaxaca decompositions are used to quantify unexplained wage gaps. Findings Relative to heterosexual men, in 2015–2017 gay men in the public and private sectors had wages which were equivalent to heterosexual men at all points in the wage distribution. In the private sector: highly skilled lesbians experienced a wage penalty of 13 per cent; low-skilled bisexual women faced a penalty of 11 per cent, as did bisexual men at the median (8 per cent penalty). In the public sector low-skilled lesbians and low-skilled bisexual women significant experienced wage premiums. Between 2010–2012 and 2015–2017 the pay position of highly skilled gay men has significantly improved with the convergence driven by favourable wage (rather than composition) effects. Practical implications The results provide important benchmarks against which the treatment of sexual minorities may be monitored. Originality/value The analysis of the sexual minority wage gaps by sector and position on the wage distribution and insight into the effect of institutions on the wages of sexual minorities.

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Andrews, Gavin. "Psychiatry in Australia: economic and service delivery aspects." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 7 (July 1991): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.7.446.

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In 1987 there were 1,428 psychiatrists in Australia, 8.8 per 100,000 population (Burvill, 1988), 55% identified as in private practice and 45% in public sector practice. Let us be clear about terms. Public sector practice means that each week you receive a salary from the public purse whether you have seen one or a hundred patients. Private practice means that you are paid on a piece-work basis, also largely from the public purse (national health insurance or Medicare), but the income (at about $100 per hour) depends exactly on the number of hours spent with patients. On average, private psychiatrists in Australia gross about $150,000 per year, out of which they must pay practice expenses. The pay for public sector psychiatrists probably averages $70,000 to which, for the purposes of our calculation, we will add the cost of rooms, telephone and secretary provided by the hospital which at $30,000 brings the cost of a public sector psychiatrist to about $100,000 per year. If 45% of psychiatrists are in public practice then the averaged cost of a psychiatrist in Australia can be calculated as $127,500 per annum, and as there are 8.8 psychiatrists per 100,000 the cost, calculated on this simple basis, is $1.12 million per 100,000 population (Andrews, 1989).

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Hasan, Maruf, and Asare Boateng. "A Review of Manufacturing in Australia." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 7, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v7i3.11522.

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Manufacturing as a share of Australia’s gross domestic product has constantly declined since 1960. In 2016 manufacturing activity accounted for less than 10% of gross domestic product and employed less Australians than ever before. The paper intends to review the history of manufacturing in Australia and evaluate the condition of the sector in 2016. After this evaluation; recommendations are made on how both governments and businesses can reform to rejuvenate growth. An extensive analysis of the literature in conjunction with interviews with different Australian manufacturing businesses was used to execute the analysis. The literature emphasised tariff removal, a high Australian dollar and an increasingly globalised world as the primary causes of manufacturing’s decline. Businesses highlighted the geographical isolation of the nation, the low population, high labour costs and the high Australian dollar as some of the barriers to growth of the sector. Focusing on new advanced manufacturing technologies, reducing corporate tax and improving public infrastructure are some of the recommendations made to help the sector reverse the negative trend. The evaluation of the sector with these recommendations is significant to both governments and businesses as it provides avenues for growth and investment relevant to the post mining boom economy.

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Fox, Haylee, Emily Callander, Daniel Lindsay, and Stephanie M. Topp. "Is there unwarranted variation in obstetric practice in Australia? Obstetric intervention trends in Queensland hospitals." Australian Health Review 45, no. 2 (2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20014.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to report on the rates of obstetric interventions within each hospital jurisdiction in the state of Queensland, Australia. MethodsThis project used a whole-of-population linked dataset that included the health and cost data of all mothers who gave birth in Queensland, Australia, between 2012 and 2015 (n=186789), plus their babies (n=189909). Adjusted and unadjusted rates of obstetric interventions and non-instrumental vaginal delivery were reported within each hospital jurisdiction in Queensland. ResultsHigh rates of obstetric intervention exist in both the private and public sectors, with higher rates demonstrated in the private than public sector. Within the public sector, there is substantial variation in rates of intervention between hospital and health service jurisdictions after adjusting for confounding variables that influence the need for obstetric intervention. ConclusionsDue to the high rates of obstetric interventions statewide, a deeper understanding is needed of what factors may be driving these high rates at the health service level, with a focus on the clinical necessity of the provision of Caesarean sections. What is known about the topic?Variation in clinical practice exists in many health disciplines, including obstetric care. Variation in obstetric practice exists between subpopulation groups and between states and territories in Australia. What does this paper add?What we know from this microlevel analysis of obstetric intervention provision within the Australian population is that the provision of obstetric intervention varies substantially between public sector hospital and health services and that this variation is not wholly attributable to clinical or demographic factors of mothers. What are the implications for practitioners?Individual health service providers need to examine the factors that may be driving high rates of Caesarean sections within their institution, with a focus on the clinical necessity of Caesarean section.

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Potter, Brad. "Financial accounting reforms in the Australian public sector." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570210418897.

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In recent years in Australia, accounting regulations have been developed that require the adoption of commercial accounting and reporting practices by public‐sector organisations, including the recognition of cultural, heritage and scientific collections as assets by non‐profit cultural organisations. The regulations inappropriately apply traditional accounting concepts of accountability and performance, notwithstanding that the primary objectives of many of the organisations affected are not financial. This study examines how this was able to occur within the ideas outlined in Douglas’s (1986) How Institutions Think. The study provides evidence to demonstrate that the development; promotion, and defense of the detailed accounting regulations were each constrained by institutional thinking and, as a result, only certain questions were asked and many problems and issues associated with the regulations were not addressed. Thus, it seeks to further our understanding of the nature and limits of change in accounting and the role of institutions in promoting and defending changes to accounting practice.

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Rando, Gaetano. "Broadcasting in Italy: Democracy and Monopoly of the Airwaves." Media Information Australia 40, no. 1 (May 1986): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604000109.

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Australia, as compered with some overseas countries, has a stable and continuous radio and television history. The price has been the creation of an oligopolistic commercial sector which is much stronger than the national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Public (community) broadcasting is still confined to a sector starved of funds; public TV still a pipedream. Ethnic radio and multicultural television, through the Special Broadcasting Service, have a short history which is far from smooth and under constant threat for TV to be merged with the ABC.

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Mascarenhas, R. C. "Building an Enterprise Culture in the Public Sector: Reform of the Public Sector in Australia, Britain, and New Zealand." Public Administration Review 53, no. 4 (July 1993): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/977144.

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Bloom, Abby L. "The funding of private hospitals in Australia." Australian Health Review 25, no. 1 (2002): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020019.

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Private hospitals are an essential component of Australia's complex mix of public and private health funding and provision. Private hospitals account for 34.3 per cent of all hospital separations, and over half (56.2%) of all same-dayseparations. The revenue (funding) of the sector approached $4 billion by 1998/99, and as a result of its recent rapid growth capital expenditure in the sector was nearly $550 million in the same year. Private casemix of privatehospitals is distinctive, and characterised by a high proportion of surgical procedures in general (48.1per cent), andmore than a majority of all services in such areas as rehabilitation, orthopaedics (shoulder, knee, spinal fusion, and hand surgery), alcohol disorders, same day colonoscopy and sleep disorders. This chapter synthesises data from amultitude of sources to produce a comprehensive picture of Australia's private hospital sector and its funding. It examines the funding (revenue) sources of private hospitals, and considers how and why private hospitals approach theissue of funding from a different perspective than their public sector colleagues. To illustrate how Australian privatehospitals approach revenue (funding) strategically, a series of indicative types of hospitals is explored.

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Walker, Christopher. "An overview of the role of government in the organisation and provision of health services in Japan." Australian Health Review 19, no. 2 (1996): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah960075.

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This article is illustrated with reference to health services in the Tokyo Prefecture.It seeks to describe the role of government in the organisation and provision of healthservices in Japan. It is based on experiences gained from a three-month placementat the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Public Health in late 1994.Wherever possible the article identifies similarities and differences between theJapanese and Australian health care systems. Part of the analysis has been to identifyareas where opportunities exist for Australian health service providers to developfurther cooperation with particular sectors of the Japanese health system and alsowhere the potential for the export of health services may exist.The health systems of Australia and Japan have points of similarity anddifference. Essentially both systems operate within the context of a compulsoryuniversal health insurance system. However, unlike Australia, the bulk of serviceprovision in Japan is left to the private sector, while government retains the primaryrole of regulator. It is interesting to observe that while the Australian health caresystem is currently exploring options to expand the service range and level ofparticipation of private sector services in health care delivery (within the context ofuniversal health insurance), the Japanese health care system appears to be examiningoptions through which further government intervention can improve service accessand service efficiency. Japan presents opportunities to observe the benefits anddisadvantages of predominantly private sector provision within the context ofuniversal health insurance coverage.

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Schührer, Sabine. "Identifying policy entrepreneurs of public sector accounting agenda setting in Australia." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 4 (May 21, 2018): 1067–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-02-2016-2401.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve Kingdon’s (1984, 2011) concept of policy entrepreneurs (PE) with regard to the theoretical development of the definition and identification and level of agency by supplementing it with elements of Schmidt’s (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012) sentient agents. The improved concept of discursive policy entrepreneurs (DPEs) is then applied in an in-depth case study about the agenda setting process of micro and macro whole-of-government accounting in Australia in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Design/methodology/approach Based on the concept of DPEs, a series of operationalised characteristics and proxies are developed to identify them and describe their behaviour. These are then applied in the case study. The two main data sources are semi-structured in-depth interviews and archival documents. Findings The findings show that the focus on DPEs’ discursive and coordination activities is critical for identifying and investigating the key actors of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)/Government Finance Statistics (GFS) harmonisation agenda setting process. The study also finds that the two relevant decision-making bodies, the Financial Reporting Council and the Australian Accounting Standards Board, lost control over their agendas due to the actions of DPEs. Research limitations/implications The improved concepts of DPEs will allow researchers to better identify the main agents of policy change and differentiate them from other supporters of policy ideas. Due to the qualitative nature of the study, the findings are not necessarily generalisable. Practical implications The findings from this study can help participants of agenda setting processes to gain a better understanding of the actions and behaviours of DPEs. This might allow standard setting bodies to mitigate against undue influences by DPEs. Originality/value This study is the first study that uses Schmidt’s concept of the sentient agent to address the limitations of Kingdon’s concept of PE and develops and applies characteristics to identify PEs and their actions. It is also the only study to date that investigates the GAAP/GFS harmonisation agenda setting process.

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Issakidis, Cathy, and Gavin Andrews. "Who Treats whom? An Application of the Pathways to Care Model in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 1 (January 2006): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01746.x.

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Objective: The present paper applies Goldberg and Huxley's Pathways to Care (PTC) model to the Australian health-care system to ask: who is treated in each sector and what does this tell us about the performance of the health-care system? It examines the factors associated with reaching primary care, outpatient and inpatient sectors, as well as private and public mental health services. Method: Data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing were used to determine the proportion of the population treated in each sector. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were examined and logistic regression was used to determine which factors were associated with use of different sectors of care. Results: Of the total population, 80.5% reached primary care, 8.2% primary care for mental health problems, 6.5% outpatient care and 0.4% reached the mental health inpatient sector. Clinical severity increased across these sectors and was an important determinant of access to care. Those consulting private practitioners were clinically similar to those consulting in the public sector. Sociodemographic characteristics were important determinants of access to primary, specialist and private mental health care. Being aged over 55 years or living in a rural area was associated with lower access to several sectors. Conclusions: Although at a broad level the health-care system is performing as expected, limited access among some groups is cause for concern. Applying the PTC model to a population sample offered useful insights into the performance of the Australian healthcare system.

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Singh, Prakash J., and Peter Mansour‐Nahra. "ISO 9000 in the public sector: a successful case from Australia." TQM Magazine 18, no. 2 (March 2006): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09544780610647856.

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Cai, Lixin, and Amy Y. C. Liu. "Public-Private Sector Wage Gap in Australia: Variation along the Distribution." British Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 2 (February 23, 2010): 362–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00773.x.

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Hughes, Owen E. "MPA Programs in Australia." Chinese Public Administration Review 3, no. 1/2 (November 4, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v3i1/2.53.

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Australian universities have established specific Masters programs for public servants over the past twenty years. However, until recently, despite being established, they have not thrived by comparison with MBA and other masters courses in business. It was not easy to attract students and good staff. MPA programs have generally not captured the public sector community’s attention in the same way as is the case in a number of US schools of public administration or management. This situation changed in 2003 with the creation of the Australia and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG). This is a consortium of five governments - the Commonwealth government, the New Zealand government, and the three largest state governments - and nine universities set up to provide an Executive Masters in Public Administration. The ANZSOG cohort is composed of future leaders in the opinion of their governments. All students are fully funded by their governments and at a level that is more costly per student than other training. Funding of this scale reflects a major change for governments in Australia.The establishment of the Australia and New Zealand School of Government represents a major change in education of public managers in Australia. There are lessons for other countries in its establishment.

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O'Malley, Sue P., and Ernest Jordan. "Horizon scanning of new and emerging medical technology in Australia: Its relevance to Medical Services Advisory Committee health technology assessments and public funding." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, no. 03 (July 2009): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309990031.

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Objectives:In 1998, a formal process using full health technology assessments (HTAs) was implemented to determine the suitability for public subsidy of new and emerging medical technologies in the Australian private healthcare sector. This process is overseen by the Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC). In 2004, horizon scanning was introduced in Australia with the stated objective of identifying new and emerging medical technologies into the public healthcare sector, with consideration to the publicly subsidized private healthcare sector. How well horizon scanning works in identifying new and emerging technologies suitable for government subsidized funding in the private healthcare sector is examined in this study.Methods:A descriptive evaluation of the impact of horizon scanning as an early alert and awareness system identifying new and emerging technologies before these technologies are submitted to MSAC for a full HTA. All MSAC HTAs commenced after the introduction of horizon scanning in 2004 were cross-checked with the list of Prioritizing Summaries or Horizon Scanning Reports to determine whether a prior Prioritizing Summary or Horizon Scanning Report had been carried out.Results:Of the forty-three technologies that were the subject of a full MSAC HTAs in the time period examined, only eleven had been the subject of either a Prioritizing Summary or Horizon Scanning Report. As a result of a full MSAC HTA, twelve of the technologies that were not the subject of a Prioritizing Summary or Horizon Scanning Report were given positive recommendations for public funding.Conclusions:Horizon scanning was set up to scan the introduction of new and emerging medical technologies into the public healthcare sector, with consideration to the publicly subsidized private healthcare sector. Based on the number of new and emerging technologies that have been the subject of a full MSAC HTA without first being subjected to either a Prioritizing Summary or Horizon Scanning Report, horizon scanning in Australia does not function as an “early alert and awareness system” for funding in the publicly subsidized private healthcare sector in Australia.

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Anderson, Don. "The Interaction of Public and Private School Systems." Australian Journal of Education 36, no. 3 (November 1992): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494419203600302.

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The balance of the public and private school sectors in Australia is unstable and, if present trends continue, the function of public schooling will become primarily that of a safety net for the residue of children not catered for by the private sector. The trends include a set of processes which are affecting the nature and quality of education in all schools. Under the different environments of public and private schools there are unequal exchanges across the public-private boundary—for example, of bright and motivated pupils and of influential and articulate parents. The process fuels its own momentum as remaining pupils and parents experience the problems caused by an unrepresentative clientele. The problems inherent in Australia's particular arrangement have been recognised in a number of official reports since the early 1970s. Proposals for reform have not yet gained support from private school interest groups and have therefore not been attractive to governments.

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Forde, Susan, Kerrie Foxwell, and Michael Meadows. "Creating a Community Public Sphere: Community Radio as a Cultural Resource." Media International Australia 103, no. 1 (May 2002): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0210300109.

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Craig, Justin B., and Ken Moores. "Championing Family Business Issues to Influence Public Policy: Evidence from Australia." Family Business Review 23, no. 2 (June 2010): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089448651002300206.

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This article proposes a strategy for the family firm sector to gain the attention of policy makers. The strategy builds through influencing social expectations, creating political issues, and developing legislative actions that are subsequently implemented and regulated. To achieve this, the authors suggest that the family business sector must achieve salience as a community's definitive stakeholders in which capacity they possess, or are perceived to possess, attributes of power, legitimacy, and urgency. Experiences from Australia to illustrate the introduced processes are included.

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De Percy, Michael Alexander. "Policy Legacies from Early Australian Telecommunications." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2021): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n3.431.

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The purpose of this article on the policy legacies from Australia’s early telecommunications history is not to present a counterfactual to Australia’s choice of public monopoly provision of early telecommunications services, but rather to indicate the extent that politics limited the private sector’s role in deploying early telegraph and telephone infrastructure in Australia. The article begins by outlining a theoretical framework for analysing government’s role in deploying new telecommunications technologies, before investigating some of the less familiar literature on the historical impact of government intervention on the private sector in the early Australian telegraph and telephone industries. It then discusses some of the political issues relating to the subsequent liberalisation of the telecommunications industry in Australia and concludes with a discussion of the historical legacies of government intervention on the private sector in the Australian telecommunications industry.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Public sector - Australia'

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