Academic literature on the topic 'Public Safety Committee'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public Safety Committee"
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Stride, Peter, Mostafa Seleem, Noleen Nath, Ami Horne, and Christina Kapitsalas. "Integration of patient safety systems in a suburban hospital." Australian Health Review 36, no. 4 (2012): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah11099.
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Public awareness of hospital misadventure is now common. In response, we describe our integrated hospital safety system, which is dependent on the linkage of multiple individual safety committees, and the presence on each committee of senior and junior multidisciplinary healthcare professionals to provide feedback to their peer groups on required improvements.
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MANSFIELD, PAUL. "Collot d'Herbois at the Committee of Public Safety: a revaluation." English Historical Review CIII, no. CCCCVIII (1988): 565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ciii.ccccviii.565.
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Smith, M. A., R. S. Ungerleider, E. L. Korn, L. Rubinstein, and R. Simon. "Role of independent data-monitoring committees in randomized clinical trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute." Journal of Clinical Oncology 15, no. 7 (July 1997): 2736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2736.
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PURPOSE To describe the rationale for independent data monitoring committees (DMCs) for National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored phase III cooperative group clinical trials. DESIGN We review the necessity for interim monitoring of outcome data during the course of randomized clinical trials and summarize the reasons for establishing DMCs with requisite expertise and with appropriate independence from study investigators. RESULTS The important components of the policy for cooperative group DMCs are described with a focus on the makeup of these bodies and on the complementary roles of study committee leadership and DMCs in protecting patient safety during the conduct of randomized clinical trials. CONCLUSION The cooperative group DMCs that are independent of the study committees and that have the requisite expertise to examine accumulating data and to base decisions on monitoring guidelines that are specified in advance by the study committee provide a body able to protect patient safety, to protect the integrity of the clinical experiments on which patients have consented to participate, and to assure the public that conflicts of interest do not compromise either patient safety or trial integrity.
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Gharrafi, Mehdi. "Qualitative analysis of the effectiveness of audit committees and internal audit functions in the public sector: the case of public establishments in Morocco." revistamultidisciplinar.com 6, no. 2 (April 2024): e202418. http://dx.doi.org/10.23882/emss.24221.
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This article examines corporate governance and the performance of the audit committee, as well as the functions of internal audit in the public sector of an emerging economy such as Morocco. Both of these functions are crucial for corporate governance, ensuring optimal service delivery by local authorities, particularly public institutions. The study, based on stakeholder theory, qualitatively analyzes corporate governance and the effectiveness of audit committees and internal audit units in the Moroccan public sector. The results suggest good corporate governance with the presence of audit committees and internal audit functions in the public sector. However, the inefficiency of audit committees and internal audit units is highlighted, attributed to the lack of guidance, non-implementation of recommendations, and insufficient resources in the Moroccan public sector. To enhance performance, it is recommended that leaders take into account the findings of audit committees and internal audit units, endorsing and incorporating their conclusions into action plans implemented by management. Audit committees should strengthen their oversight of internal audit functions to ensure their effectiveness. The presence of effective audit committees and internal audit units in the public sector reflects competent and efficient utilization of resources for the benefit of all stakeholders.
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Franco, Marcelo Nobile, Beatriz Kaippert, and Marisa Palacios. "Monitoring committees for research participant protection." Revista Bioética 30, no. 4 (December 2022): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422022304567en.
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Abstract Of increasingly relevance in public health and research projects involving human beings, the topic of safety has been intensely discussed. Participants in clinical trials are subject to risks, physical or otherwise, that impact their integrity, rights, or autonomy. This study outlines and discusses the performance of the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee for research participant protection and risk minimization in clinical research. An integrative literature review was conducted to identify the committees’ duties and role in protecting participants. Most of the analyzed articles confirm that the monitoring committees are mainly responsible for protecting research participants, as well as ensuring research integrity and credibility.
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Hussein Muhumed, Mohamed, Gori Mochama Justus, and Rotich Stephen. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAFETY SUB-COMMITTEE AND PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN GARISSA TOWNSHIP SUB-COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 03 (March 31, 2023): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16435.
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The purpose of the study was to assess factors influencing the implementation of safety standards and guidelines in public secondary schools in Garissa Township Sub- County. This study examined School safety Sub-committee and physical Infrastructure on the implementation of safety standards and guidelines in public secondary schools in Garissa Township, Sub- County. Survey research design was used in this study with 10 principals and 320 teachers in Garissa Township Sub- County as the target population. The sample comprised of 106 respondents with 10 principals and 96 teachers. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers while interviews were used to collect data from Principals. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using pearson r while that from interview guide was analyzed using verbatim. The results were presented using tables with help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Using the Pearsoncorrelation, the study found out that the Safety Sub-committee (r= 0.280, p<0.01) was statistically significant and thus showed positive relationship with the implementation of safety standards and guidelines. The research also found out that 60 % of the principals interviewed revealed that school safety sub-committee was instituted but not active while 40% of safety sub-committee did not exist in the schools. Using the Pearson correlation school physical infrastructure (r=0.405, p<0.01),] The study showed a significant relationship between school physical infrastructure and the implementation of safety standards in Garissa Township Sub-County. In the interview conducted 80% of principals agreed that the existing infrastructure are regularly maintained and refurbished through the government funds in every financial year through the maintenanceand improvement funds. The study recommends that the Public Secondary Schools in Garissa Township Sub-County should review the implementation of School Safety standards and guidelines by ensuring that safety sub-committee is enhanced and ensure that there is sufficient and effective physical infrastructure in schools to promote conducive learning environment. The study would be beneficial toparents, schools and ministry of education officials in Kenya atlarge.
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Morrato, Elaine H., and Sarah B. Ling. "The Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee." Medical Care 50, no. 11 (November 2012): 970–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e31826c872d.
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Folb, Peter I., Ewa Bernatowska, Robert Chen, John Clemens, Alex N. O. Dodoo, Susan S. Ellenberg, C. Patrick Farrington, et al. "A Global Perspective on Vaccine Safety and Public Health: The Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety." American Journal of Public Health 94, no. 11 (November 2004): 1926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.11.1926.
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Pierson, Jennifer B., Brian R. Berridge, Marjory B. Brooks, Kevin Dreher, John Koerner, A. Eric Schultze, R. Dustan Sarazan, Jean-Pierre Valentin, Hugo M. Vargas, and Syril D. Pettit. "A public–private consortium advances cardiac safety evaluation: Achievements of the HESI Cardiac Safety Technical Committee." Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 68, no. 1 (July 2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2013.03.008.
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Kafka, Ben. "The Demon of Writing: Paperwork, Public Safety, and the Reign of Terror." Representations 98, no. 1 (2007): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2007.98.1.1.
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This article investigates the case of a clerk in the Committee of Public Safety who claimed to have rescued more than a thousand men and women from the Terror of 1793––94 by delaying, diverting, and destroying files. It considers the historical and theoretical implications of his actions, arguing that the materiality of paperwork is critical to understanding the powers and failures of the modern state.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public Safety Committee"
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Schamel, Craig R. "Idealism and Actualization. Saint-Just in Theory, Practice, and Exigency." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/82.
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Louis-Antoine Léon de Saint-Just (1767-1794) was a revolutionary, a statesman, and a political philosopher, yet it is largely only as a revolutionary that he is remembered. As a political person who occupied these three different but overlapping roles, Saint-Just is ideal as the subject and center of a study of actualization, the taking of political ideals into reality. Saint-Just’s political philosophy was that of an idealist, and yet he, by force of circumstance, ability, and audacity, had the opportunity in his short life to attempt to establish and put into practice his political ideals. In his work as a political person Saint-Just created templates for the understanding of the relationship between political theory and political action. Saint-Just’s political theory is examined in relation to his political action, using the concepts of ‘the natural’, ‘the civil’, ‘the social’ and ‘the political’, concepts which are central in Saint-Just’s political philosophy. Saint-Just’s formulations of these concepts, concepts which have also been central to the history of political philosophy, and his understanding of the relations between these concepts, helps to establish him as a political philosopher of some importance, as does the theory and practice approach to politics which his attempts demanded and which his political life demonstrated. In Saint-Just’s function as political philosopher the thesis finds the theoretical element of politics, which becomes redefined in its interaction with Saint-Just’s other functions as statesman and revolutionary, the latter two of which correspond roughly to practice and exigency. As a theorist who is also a statesman in a context of exigency, or revolution, Saint-Just’s political life is a constantly rearranged juxtaposition of theory, practice, and revolution, albeit one which never loses it essential ties to its philosophical base, even in the hours of greatest emergency. Such dedication to a philosophical base, one which refuses to dispense with political philosophy, demonstrates a new conception of political philosophy for the modern world, fills in elements of a theory of revolution as a phenomenon of both theory and action, and provides a contained case for examination of political philosophy and political action, questioning their disunity.
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VOS, Ellen. "Institutional frameworks of Community health and safety regulation : committees agencies and private bodies." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4819.
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Defence date: 20 May 1997Examining board: Prof. R. Barents (Luxembourg/Maastricht) ; Prof. R. Dehousse (Florence), co-supervisor ; Prof. Ch. Joerges (Bremen/Florence), supervisor ; Judje P.J.G. Kapteyn (Luxembourg)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Jeng, Mau-Shiun, and 鄭懋勳. "A Study of Construction Safety Management Issues of Public Construction Committed Supervision –for Example of Elevated Railway System of MRT Development In Taichung." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64161401072073547816.
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碩士逢甲大學
土木工程學系
101
The commissioned public construction supervising job currently focuses on analyzing the demerits of the secondary quality assurance, managing the construction progress, clarifying the interface responsibilities, etc. Research information on these and related areas are also available. However, the study on problems related to the supervising job on the construction safety of a commissioned public work is seldom found. In this study, researchers analyzed the possible problems and institutional blind spots that the supervising units were facing when carrying out the safety management through collecting information of projected constructions and sending out questionnaires, aiming to obtain solutions and to propose suggestions to serve as references for managing and supervising the safety of domestic constructions. And, a more agreeable and practicable processing mode is to be generated to result in lowering possibility of accident at work and reducing damage. The results showed that, according to the technical service contract signed with the construction owner, the supervising unit directly supervised the constructor to carry out every detail in the construction contract. The supervising unit was responsible not only for supervising the construction progress, construction quality, construction safety and sanitation, and environmental protection provided by the constructor, but had to watch its own personnel cost on the profit aspect. During the constructing period, the supervising unit truly performed the supervising job on the construction safety and sanitation, not just completing the paper work, was related to the contracted way of payment, mutual right and responsibility, attitude of the project owner, and conflict and compromise of the role responsibility. The number of the safety personnel increases to enhance the efficiency of the supervising and managing if the governmental authorities review and amend the relevant regulations and put the revised in the technical contracts and contract terms of the construction contract for all construction providers to completely authorize the supervising unit to execute the supervising jobs and to truly perform the safety and sanitation managing work.
Books on the topic "Public Safety Committee"
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Ireland. Committee on Public Safety and Crowd Control. Committee on public safety and crowd control: Report. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1990.
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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Law and Public Safety Committee. Public hearing before Senate Law and Public Safety Committee: Airport security. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1997.
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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Health and Human Services. Joint informational hearing of the Senate Health and Human Services Committee and Senate Public Safety Committee: Child care safety. Sacramento, CA: Senate Publications, 2002.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security. Counterfeit goods in Canada: A threat to public safety : report of the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security. [Ottawa]: Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security, 2007.
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1945-, Breitkreuz Garry, ed. Counterfeit goods in Canada: A threat to public safety : report of the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security. [Ottawa]: Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security, 2007.
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Safety, California Legislature Assembly Select Committee on School. Proceedings of the Assembly Committee on School Safety: Topic, school safety and violence prevention. [Sacramento, Calif: Assembly Select Committee on School Safety, 2000.
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Committee, Institution of Electrical Engineers Safety Critical Systems. Formal methods in safety critical systems: Report of the Public Affairs Board, Safety Critical Systems Committee. [London]: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1991.
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Law, Public Safety, Defense, and Corrections Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Law, Public Safety, Defense, and Corrections Committee: Prison overcrowding, crisis and response. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1987.
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Transportation and Communications Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Transportation and Communications Committee on New Year's Eve free-ride program. [Trenton, N.J.]: The Committee, 1985.
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Transportation and Communications Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Transportation Committee: "bus safety and the implementation of the 1995 'Bus Safety Compliance Act'". Trenton, N.J. (PO Box 068, Trenton 08625-0068): The Committee, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Public Safety Committee"
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Cowie, Leonard W. "The Committee of Public Safety June 1793–August 1795." In The French Revolution, 101–15. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09257-4_9.
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Kaiser, Susanne, Martin Winkelbauer, Erwin Wannenmacher, Philipp Blass, and Hatun Atasayar. "Road Safety Issues Related to Truck Platooning Deployment." In Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning, 175–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88682-0_13.
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AbstractThe benefits of platooning to road safety are oftentimes inferred based on the assumption of positive effects attributed to advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). However, the potential to significantly reduce car crashes is just one of many aspects to be considered. The Connecting Austria project was committed to examining road safety issues from various perspectives within Austria. The legislative situation in Austria regarding public tests of automated driving systems was reviewed and requirements discussed. Furthermore, an assessment of the readiness of 700 km road infrastructure was assessed by means of an adapted Road Safety Inspection and recent heavy goods vehicle (HGV) accident figures on motor and expressways were discussed. Eventually, the distance at which HGV should operate cooperatively is a road safety issue demanding for consideration of other road users. Car drivers’ subjective tolerance of gap sizes between trucks can serve as an important indicator to answer this question. An on-road study aiming at operationalising the individual gap acceptance is outlined.
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Kaiser, Susanne, Martin Winkelbauer, Erwin Wannenmacher, Philipp Blass, and Hatun Atasayar. "Road Safety Issues Related to Truck Platooning Deployment." In Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning, 175–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88682-0_13.
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AbstractThe benefits of platooning to road safety are oftentimes inferred based on the assumption of positive effects attributed to advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). However, the potential to significantly reduce car crashes is just one of many aspects to be considered. The Connecting Austria project was committed to examining road safety issues from various perspectives within Austria. The legislative situation in Austria regarding public tests of automated driving systems was reviewed and requirements discussed. Furthermore, an assessment of the readiness of 700 km road infrastructure was assessed by means of an adapted Road Safety Inspection and recent heavy goods vehicle (HGV) accident figures on motor and expressways were discussed. Eventually, the distance at which HGV should operate cooperatively is a road safety issue demanding for consideration of other road users. Car drivers’ subjective tolerance of gap sizes between trucks can serve as an important indicator to answer this question. An on-road study aiming at operationalising the individual gap acceptance is outlined.
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Vandenbroucke, Gabriel Marin, Simon Gérard, and Anthony May. "The impact of the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games on the visitor economy: a human rights perspective." In Managing events, festivals and the visitor economy: concepts, collaborations and cases, 145–59. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242843.00011.
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Abstract The overall findings of this research point to a mix of positive and negative human rights impacts of the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and on the visitor economy of the host city. On a positive note, affirmative action included persons with disabilities and from underprivileged communities in the workforce. New sports and leisure centres were built. Freedom of expression and association was reinforced by protesters demonstrating and using the platform of the event to raise issues. Several initiatives by the Organizing Committee, government, companies, and associations constituted positive mechanisms for leverage of the human rights to education and to participate in the cultural life of the community, albeit with limited long-term impacts. These wider economic and social successes associated with the hosting of the Games can positively contribute to the quality and inclusivity of the visitor economy. redevelopment, the Games' land use displaced thousands of people, violating the right to housing and several other human rights through abusive practices used by the government in the eviction process. Under the pretext of creating safe spaces for visitors and safeguarding their image of the city, the government's violence towards poor and black communities was aggravated, with the militarisation of the city impacting on the right to life, protection, education, and justice. Attempting to mask the city's socio-economic problems and undesirable aspects for sponsors and visitors, freedom of expression was undermined as protesters were targeted by the police and street vendors were driven out of public spaces.
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"Committee of Public Safety." In A New Dictionary of the French Revolution. I.B. Tauris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755622771.ch-0105.
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"Interview Questions to Faculty Senate and Safety Committee." In Public Administration and Public Policy, 189. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13903-17.
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Campbell, Gordon, and Thomas N. Corns. "The Purged Parliament." In John Milton, 203–49. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199289844.003.0012.
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Abstract Milton’s career as a public servant originated in the constitutional and administrative innovations which followed the purging of the Long Parliament and the subsequent trial and execution of Charles I. Before 1649 much of the day-to-day running of the country and fighting the war had been invested in successive high-level committees: the Committee of Safety, followed in 1644 by the Committee of Both Kingdoms (which also served to coordinate the combined endeavours of England and Scotland), and finally in 1648 by the Derby House Committee (or ‘the Committee of Both Houses’), whose role and title changed to reflect the breach with the Scots.
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Carter, Katlyn Marie. "Mere Spectators of Events." In Democracy in Darkness, 136–66. Yale University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300246926.003.0006.
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The chapter focuses on how Jacobin deputies (who had been the most radical) responded to challenges to their legitimacy by reinstating secrecy in government and redefining publicity as a passive broadcast rather than an active dialogue with the public. Attempting to bring practices more in line with an insulated style of political representation, the National Convention began to move important work to secret committees (like the Committee of Public Safety) and to assert its ability to speak on behalf of the people as legitimate because the public was able to passively watch them.
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Smyth, Jonathan. "The national response to Robespierre’s proclamation1." In Robespierre and the Festival of the Supreme Being. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526103789.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the national reaction to Robespierre’s proclamation of 18 Prairial, using evidence from national, regional and local archives and other sources, such as local newspapers. It also looks at the large body of evidence from both formal responses from official bodies and the considerable number of individual communications sent to the Convention, the Committee of Public Safety and the Committee of Public Education. It shows how the national response was not only overwhelmingly positive; the number of responses from public bodies considerably exceeded anything recorded before. As well as the formal and often stilted responses from public bodies the chapter includes a detailed listing showing how individual members of the public responded to Robespierre’s proposal by sending to the Committee for Public Education their poems, prayers, hymns and speeches in support of the Festival.
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Walton, Charles. "Introduction." In Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution, 3–13. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367751.003.0001.
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Abstract By spring 1793, as France edged toward the Terror, even Tom Paine’s patience with free speech began wearing thin. In a letter to Georges Danton, deputy to the French National Convention and founding member of the Committee of Public Safety, Paine expressed his alarm about the relentless insults and slander plaguing revolutionary politics. A deputy himself, Paine urged Danton to take repressive measures. “Calumny,” this champion of civil liberties insisted, “is a species of treachery that ought to be punished as well as any other kind of treachery.”
Conference papers on the topic "Public Safety Committee"
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Kohnen, William. "Manned Underwater Vehicles Operations Consensus Standard." In ASME/USCG 2017 4th Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mts2017-0409.
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The Manned Underwater Vehicles industry has evolved since the launch of DSV ALVIN in 1964 and the establishment of tourist passenger submersibles in the 1980’s and 1990’s. The emergence of the tourist passenger submersible sector in 1993 prompted the US Coast Guard to regulate commercial marine operations in the interest of public safety through NVIC 5-93. The rules were designed specifically for submersibles selling seats to members of the general public. To ensure public safety, the USCG helped define safeguards for those participants. Submersibles owned by the government, research institutions and corporations; or submersibles used for purposes other than selling rides to members of the general public, were not wholly addressed because growth in that sector was unforeseen. Almost 25 years after its release, the industry is regulated across all sectors of MUV operations by definitions established for the operation of a narrow segment of the industry, the tourism submersibles. However, construction over the past 23 years is 18% tourism submersibles, 8% government and 7% research. The remaining 67% of vessels, fall into an “other” category which does not have adequate definition. This white papers proposes that the Marine Technology Society committee on Manned Underwater Vehicles conduct a study for an updated Manned Underwater Vehicle Operations Safety Guideline with broad participation of the MUV stakeholders; International MUV industry members, Marine Technology Society, ASME PVHO, ABS, DNVGL, US Coast Guard and Navy. The challenge is to find the correct balance of regulatory control and commercial freedom to promote commercial growth while having a robust regulatory framework to manage the various concepts. Paper published with permission.
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Zurcher, John S., J. Andrew Drake, and Keith G. Leewis. "American Society of Mechanical Engineers, B31.8 Committee Integrity Management Standard Supplement (B31.8S)." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27033.
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Under the auspices of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), a new standard supplement has been produced to aid operators in the development and implementation of an integrity management program. This new standard supplement will outline the technical requirements for implementation of an operator’s integrity management plan as well as the programmatic elements overall. Historically, integrity management has been an integral part of pipeline operations. Contained throughout ASME B31.8, integrity management requirements are specified. One purpose of this new supplement is to formalize a more deliberate process for the management of integrity and to push adoption of an industry consensus standard by the Office of Pipeline Safety. An ad-hoc task team was assembled earlier this year to develop the standard supplement. The task team consists of members from the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS), from the National Association of Pipeline Safety Regulators, and from the gas transmission and distribution industry. With an opportunity to create a new standard, the task team was able to fundamentally and deliberately rethink the process and the protections provided. The standard supplement is the repository for twenty technical studies and reports completed by a variety of scientific and technical organizations. These studies and reports provide the technical platform for the standard supplement. It is anticipated that the standard will serve as a “hub” for many other standards, eight of which are presently under development. The B31.8 code was the predecessor to the pipeline safety regulations, which were first promulgated in 1970. The code is an international code and is approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). It was felt that an ASME consensus standard would be the best home as the companion to the proposed regulations due to the strict policies of both ASME and ANSI for public comment, due process, and technical justification. The standard supplement provides guidance for two methods of compliance, a prescriptive track and a performance track. The prescriptive track will be very conservative but easier to implement. The performance track will be more flexible but will require significantly more data to implement. Within the standard supplement, the operator would have the option of following either track. This new standard supplement represents a new way for regulations, research and standards to be coordinated. It provides for performance based regulations referencing technically based standards that are developed from focused research.
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Farin, S., G. Ouzounian, R. Miguez, and J. L. Tison. "Territorial Integration of the Geological Repository in France." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40076.
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In France, a framework has been drawn up by the National Assembly and implemented by the government, in order to get the best relationship between Andra, among others, and the stakeholders and the inhabitants of the towns and countries where disposal facilities or projects are or could be established. The main threads of the two Acts passed in 2006, being relevant to the relationship with inhabitants are the information exchange and the local economic development. Dealing with the information exchange and diffusion: • The Local Information Committee (CLI), for each nuclear facility, has been reinforced and a specific, Local Information and Oversight Committee (for the Underground Laboratory in Meuse-Haute-Marne) has been renewed. The CLI was in charge of a general assignment to inform and consult on nuclear safety, radioprotection and environmental topics. Now, since 2006, the nuclear facility’s CLI and the CLIS are able to order study reports, measures and analyses to experts freely selected. • Creation of the High Committee for Transparency and Information on Nuclear Safety (HCTISN). This new authority aims to inform, consult and debate about the risks relevant to nuclear activities and their impacts on people’s health, environment and nuclear safety. Andra contributes to the functioning of CLI in disposal facilities at Manche and Aube Departments, and CLIS of the underground Laboratory at Meuse and Haute-Marne departments. This paper will present these contributions and how Andra’s action helps to reach the goals of information and exchange with the people around its facilities. Concerning the local economic development, there are specific organizations or schemes, depending on the facility: • Local taxes contributions based on the disposal facilities activities as is usual in France. • A High Level Committee (CHN) and two public interest groups (GIP) in Meuse and Haute-Marne departments have been set up since 1991 and 2005. Andra is represented in these three institutions, but they are not funded at all by Andra. This paper will show the Andra’s involvement in the local economic and territorial developments. Within this general framework Andra has developed information and exchanges actions with the stakeholders and the inhabitants around its facilities. Examples of these actions will be presented also.
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Bellamy, Ronald R. "Nuclear Air Cleaning Codes and Standards Development and Use in the United States." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60119.
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The need to provide standardized guidance for the use of air cleaning systems in nuclear facilities was recognized in the 1960’s when plans for nuclear facilities were at their peak. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) asked a group of experts to generate documents for boiling-water-reactor standby gas treatment systems for accident mitigation. These experts immediately recognized that their scope needed expansion to include all air cleaning safety systems at all types of nuclear facilities. Their efforts resulted in the issuance of documents that provided guidance for the components in air cleaning systems (ANSI N509), and guidance for the testing of these systems (ANSI N510). Subsequently, it was recognized that this guidance needed to be formalized and implemented in a code format, with requirements instead of recommendations. Various other organizations were also providing guidance in different forms. The US government (the Nuclear Regulatory Commission) issued regulatory guides, and the American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) issued many documents providing specifications for activated carbon used in air cleaning systems for radioiodine removal. Acknowledging the need to consolidate all of these documents in a single source, the American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) requested the air cleaning experts to work on publishing a code section under ASME auspices. This code section, designated AG-1, was assigned to a newly formed committee, the ASME Committee on Nuclear Air and Gas Treatment (CONAGT). This Committee started work in the mid 1970’s, and has issued various sections of the code since then, and the document now totals 600 pages. This code section covers the design, construction, installation, operation and testing of air cleaning systems in nuclear facilities. Work continues on updates to these sections of the AG-1 Code, as well as new sections specifically addressing gas processing systems. ASME code section AG-1 is the main international document for nuclear air cleaning systems for safe operation of nuclear power facilities, to ensure the safety of workers, and to protect public health and safety and the environment. The Code has four divisions, and a membership of over 100 of the premier air cleaning experts from 11 different countries.
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Feng, Wenxing, Xiaoqiang Xiang, Guangming Jia, Lianshuang Dai, Yulei Gu, Xiaozheng Yang, Qingshang Feng, and Lijian Zhou. "Applying the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to Improve Safety Management of Oil and Gas Pipeline Stations in China." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90130.
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The oil and gas pipeline companies in China are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges because of China’s increasing demand for oil and gas energy that is attributed to rapid economic and social development. Limitation of land resource and the fast urbanization lead to a determinate result that many pipelines have to go through or be adjacent to highly populated areas such as cities or towns. The increasing Chinese government regulation, and public concerns about industrial safety and environmental protection push the pipeline companies to enhance the safety, health and environmental protection management. In recent years, PetroChina Pipeline Company (PPC) pays a lot of attention and effort to improve employees and public safety around the pipeline facilities. A comprehensive, integrated HSE management system is continuously improved and effectively implemented in PPC. PPC conducts hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and mitigation, risk monitoring. For the oil and gas stations in highly populated area or with numerous employees, PPC carries out quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to evaluate and manage the population risk. To make the assessment, “Guidelines for quantitative risk assessments” (purple book) published by Committee for the Prevention of Disasters of Netherlands is used along with a software package. The basic principles, process, and methods of QRA technology are introduced in this article. The process is to identify the station hazards, determinate the failure scenarios of the facilities, estimate the possibilities of leakage failures, calculate the consequences of failures and damages to population, demonstrate the individual risk and social risk, and evaluate whether the risk is acceptable. The process may involve the mathematical modeling of fluid and gas spill, dispersion, fire and explosion. One QRA case in an oil pipeline station is described in this article to illustrate the application process and discuss several key issues in the assessment. Using QRA technique, about 20 stations have been evaluated in PPC. On the basis of the results, managers have taken prevention and mitigation plans to control the risk. QRAs in the pipeline station can provide a quantitative basis and valuable reference for the company’s decision-making and land use planning. Also, QRA can play a role to make a better relationship between the pipeline companies and the local regulator and public. Finally, this article delivers limitations of QRA in Chinese pipeline stations and discusses issues of the solutions.
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Bijwe, Vilas B., Rahul Mahajan, Rohit Vaidya, Kaustubh Patel, Diwakar Hiwale, and Abhijit Ashok Walke. "Simulation Methodology Development for Vibration Test of Bus Body Structure Code AIS-153:2018." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0249.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A bus is integral part of public transportation in both rural and urban areas. It is also used for scheduled transport, tourism, and school transport. Buses are the common mode of transport all over the world. The growth in economy, the electrification of public transport, demand in shared transport, etc., is leading to a surge in the demand for buses and accelerating the overall growth of the bus industry. With the increased number of buses, the issue of safety of passengers and the crew assumes special importance. The comfort of driver and passenger in the vehicle involves the vibration performance and therefore, the structural integrity of buses is critically important. Bus safety act depicts the safety and comfort of bus operations, management of safety risks, continuous improvement in bus safety management, public confidence in the safety of bus transport, appropriate stakeholder involvement and the existence of a safety culture among bus service providers. In order to provide buses with minimal vibration resistant superstructure, CMVR- Technical Standing Committee have framed requisite guidelines on Standardization of the Bus Body. AIS-052 (Rev.1): Code of Practice for Bus Body Design Approval, which is then amended as additional Requirements for Bus Construction named ‘Amend. No. 6 to AIS-153 (01/2020)’ to cater vibration requirements.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper includes the numerical simulation of vibration test of a full bus body according to AIS-153:2018, clause no.2.3.1 – evaluation of Lowest Natural Frequency of Bus. Standard simulation methodology for finite element model building and analysis to describe the real physical behavior of the vehicle in accordance with this regulation was the need of industry. This paper explains Bus FE modeling methodology for worst-case representation of bus structure for its global mode stiffness and vehicle gross weight. Representation of each of the vehicle aggregates for its mass or /and stiffness is explained. Post-processing approach to distinguish global modes from local modes is formulated. CAE methodology for Bus structural global modes is validated indirectly through historical multiple correlation data points of scaled down models like mini buses, vans, cars, etc. Physically measured Center of gravity of complete bus body in kerb weight condition is one of the parameters used for FE-Test correlation. Established simulation methodology is deployed as a reference framework for Bus industry to evaluate the natural frequency of complete bus body considering the regulatory requirements, evaluation criteria and detailed documentation as per guidelines mentioned in the code.</div></div>
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Mohammed, Obaidur Rahman, D. V. Suresh, and Hamid M. Lankarani. "Computational Modelling and Simulation of Pedestrian Subsystem Impactor With Sedan Vehicle and Truck Model." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24372.
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Abstract The increase in public transportation in the last decade has resulted in a larger pedestrian population and hence a larger number of pedestrian collisions. In the past, car-pedestrian accident prevention had been a challenge for automotive and transport safety members. Recent reports in car-pedestrian accidents have influenced many improvements to prioritize pedestrian protection for automotive industries. The number of pedestrian fatalities in U.S has raised in last decade proportionally, Car manufacturers, and transport investigation teams are implementing new product designs and adding new development methods to reduce the risk of pedestrian collisions. In this study, adult headform and upper legform is tested with a finite element vehicle model to examine the simulation results and injury behavior during impact. All finite element simulation tests are produced under Euro-NCAP Committee regulations. Finite element models are configured as per the regulation’s and testing criteria. Both upper legform impactor and adult headform finite simulation results are tested with assessing criteria limits. Finite simulation tests are carried on the LS-DYNA – Code platform. This comparative study between sedan and pickup finite vehicle models gives an injury risk prediction of pedestrian safety and assesses design parameters of automotive industries.
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Muhlanger, Michelle, Daniel Parent, Kristine Severson, and Benjamin Perlman. "Development of Performance Requirements for a Rail Passenger Workstation Table Safety Standard." In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42031.
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The American Public Transportation Association’s (APTA) Construction and Structural committee, a railroad industry group, with the support of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), is creating an industry safety standard for an energy absorbing table. Workstation tables in passenger trains are an increasingly popular seating configuration both in the United States and abroad. Although a well-attached table can provide convenience and compartmentalization for the occupant, there is a risk of abdominal injury during a rail accident. In Fact, there have been several accidents in the United States in which impacts with workstation tables have severely or fatally injured occupants. In 2006, in response to these injuries, an FRA sponsored program developed a prototype table that distributed load over a wider area of the abdomen and absorbed energy during a collision. This table design was tested with specialized anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) instrumented to measure abdominal impact response and was shown to decrease injury risk compared to a baseline table design. Building on the knowledge gained in the development of the prototype table, the proposed standard requires force to the abdomen be limited while energy is absorbed by the table. Since manufacturers do not have access specialized ATDs, researchers proposed a two part testing requirement. The first part is a quasi-static test which measures the energy absorption capacity of the table with a maximum force level determined from testing with specialized abdominal ATDs. The second part is a sled test with a standard Hybrid III 50th percentile (HIII) ATD to assess compliance with occupant protection standards of compartmentalization and ATD injury assessment reference values (IARVs). This paper discusses the research performed to develop the performance requirement in the draft standard. Current injury measures, originally developed for the automotive industry, were examined to assess their applicability to workstation table impacts. Multiple Mathematical Dynamic Models (MADYMO) model simulations show the estimated injuries during a simulated sled test scenario. Several force-crush parameters were examined, including the initial stiffness of the force-crush curve, the plateau force and the target energy absorbed by the table, to determined the force-crush design characteristics of a table that are likely to reduce injury risk. The results of this study, combined with testing of the current prototype table described in a companion paper [1], led to a draft standard that will greatly improve the safety of workstation tables in passenger rail cars.
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Kasagawa, Yusuke, Masajiro Sugawara, Tsuyoshi Uchida, Katsunori Ogura, and Masahiro Yamashita. "Development of Significance Determination Process in Japan." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48676.
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In September 2006, the regulatory body of Japan, the Nuclear Industry and Safety Agency (NISA), issued an interim report entitled “The improvement of the inspection system for nuclear power plants” which had been reviewed by the Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee on Nuclear and Industrial Safety. The report addresses the potential use of risk information in order to identify the safety significant inspection scope, to select and evaluate performance indicators, to evaluate the safety significance of inspection findings, and to enhance the maintenance program. NISA has been preparing for the new inspection system in Fiscal Year 2008. Before the implementation, technical bases such as the detailed design of the new inspection system and the pilot application of major issues need to be developed. The technical support of this new inspection program is now in progress by the Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) to develop methodology and technical bases for improvement of efficiency and transparency of regulatory inspection, application of risk information to develop maintenance program guidelines, selection of performance indicators, identification of the safety significance of inspection findings and comprehensive evaluation of individual plants. This paper shows the development and sample calculation of significance determination process (SDP) which is one part of the new inspection program. The SDP is applied to evaluate the significance of inspection findings. The inspection findings are categorized into four groups such as the safety function facet, the risk facet, the public and occupational radiation exposure facet and the safety importance (SI) of the inspection findings are evaluated with risk information. The sample calculation with this SDP indicated that the level of SI is the same level by the current deterministic evaluation process. At present, the SDP models have been developed into the eight types of typical Japanese nuclear power plants for Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), BWR-3, BWR-4, BWR-5, Advanced BWR, 2-Loop, 3-Loop, 4-Loop Dry Containment Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and 4-Loop Ice-Condenser PWR.
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Labalette, Thibaud, Alain Harman, and Marie-Claude Dupuis. "The Cige´o Industrial Geological Repository Project." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59265.
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The Planning Act of 28 June 2006 prescribed that a reversible repository in a deep geological formation be chosen as the reference solution for the long-term management of high-level and intermediate-level long-lived radioactive waste. It also entrusted the responsibility of further studies and investigations on the siting and design of the new repository upon the French Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Agence nationale pour la gestion des de´chets radioactifs – Andra), in order for the review of the creation-licence application to start in 2015 and, subject to its approval, the commissioning of the new repository in 2025. In late 2009, Andra submitted to the French government proposals concerning the implementation and the design of Cige´o (Centre industriel de stockage ge´ologique). A significant step of the project was completed with the delineation of an interest zone for the construction of the repositor’s underground facilities in 2010. This year, Andra has launched a new dialogue phase with local actors in order to clarify the implementation scenarios on the surface. The selected site will be validated after the public debate that is now scheduled for the first half of 2013. This debate will be organized by the National Public Debate Committee (Commission nationale du de´bat public). In parallel, the State is leading the preparation of an territorial development scheme, which will be presented during the public debate. The 2009 milestone also constitutes a new step in the progressive design process of the repository. After the 1998, 2001 and 2005 iterations, which focused mainly on the long-term safety of the repository, the Dossier 2009 highlighted its operational safety, with due account of the non-typical characteristics of an underground nuclear facility. It incorporates the first results of the repository-optimisation studies, which started in 2006 and will continue in the future. The reversibility options for the repository constitute proposals in terms of added flexibility in repository management and in package-recovery levels. They orient the design of the repository in order to promote those reversibility components. They contribute to the dialogue with stakeholders in the preparation of the public debate and of the future act on the reversibility conditions of the repository. The development of the repository shall be achieved over a long period, around the century. Hence, the designer will acquire additional knowledge at every new development of the project, notably during Phase 1, which he may reuse during the following phase, in order, for instance, to optimise the project. This process is part of the approach proposed by Andra in 2009 pursuant to the reversibility principle.
Reports on the topic "Public Safety Committee"
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Godfray, Charles, and Annette Boaz. Review of the Food Standard Agency’s Science Council and Advisory Committee for Social Sciences. Food Standards Agency, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kec743.
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1. The Food Standards Agency (FSA), established in 2000, is an independent non-ministerial government department which works to protect public health and consumer’s interests in relation to food in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its work includes food safety and food crime, as well as helping to improve the healthiness and sustainability of diets. 2. Science and evidence underpin much of the work of the FSA and the Agency is supported by a range of Science Advisory Committees (SACs) which are constituted as non-statutory Advisory Non-departmental Public Bodies or Departmental Expert Committees 3. The two committees with the broadest remit are the Science Council (SC) and the Advisory Committee for Social Sciences (ACSS) which were both set up in 2017. Cabinet Office guidance states such committees should be reviewed every 3-5 years and accordingly the FSA commissioned this review in Q4 2022 to report in the first half of 2023 (a timeframe that was slightly delayed by the pandemic).
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Leewis and Zurcher. PR-302-03152-R01 Technology Support for the Gas Transmission Pipeline Integrity Rule Implementation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011232.
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The purpose of this project is to provide technical support in the areas of pipeline safety and integrity management. The goal being to improve pipeline safety for the benefit of the general public, company employees and the environment.�This report summarizes the work done under this PRCI contract to support API, ASME and NACE committee activities between 2003 and the end of the contract in first quarter of 2005.� A number of integrity related standards needed to be moved from best practice to standards in support of the gas transmission integrity rule. �
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Unknown, Author. DTRS-99-RCV Remotely Controlled Valves on Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011798.
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This report is in response to a Congressional mandate in the Accountable Pipeline Safety and Partnership Act of 1996 to survey and assess the effectiveness of remotely controlled valves (RCVs) on interstate natural gas pipelines and to determine their technical and economical feasibility to shut off gas after a rupture. This report contains a discussion of the results of a public meeting held in Houston, Texas on October 30, 1997 for the purpose of gathering information and discussing issues relevant to the survey and assessment. The report also contains the results of an RCV field evaluation conducted by Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation (TETCO) as part of a Consent Order issued by the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) (CPF 15102) to provide information on TETCO's experience with RCVs. There is also a discussion of status briefings before the Technical Pipeline Safety Standards Committee (TPSSC) and a cost versus benefit study.
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Moxham-Hall, Vivienne, Anton du Toit, Sallie Newell, Stuart Brentnall, Deshanie Rawlings, and Eileen Goldberg. Proton beam therapy: A rapid review of the evidence since 2020. The Sax Institute, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/tjvf1783.
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The purpose of the report is to conduct a rapid review of the recent evidence (since 2020) on proton beam therapy (PBT) for: paediatric cancers, central nervous system (CNS) tumours, head and neck cancer and prostate cancer. The report aims to provide a rapid summary of the current knowledge about PBT’s effectiveness, safety, and potential advantages over conventional radiation therapy. The report includes evidence that has become available subsequent to the evidence submitted in the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)’s Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) application requesting Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) listing of PBT for paediatric and rare cancers (MSAC Application No. 1638). In addition, the report presents data on international benchmarking of PBT facilities per million population, and with consideration to Australia’s population and numbers of people with cancers recommended for public funding for PBT by MSAC.
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Jones, Nicole S., and John Grassel, eds. 2022 Firearm and Toolmarks Policy and Practice Forum. RTI Press, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.cp.0014.2204.
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The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Forensic Technology Center of Excellence, an NIJ program hosted a four-day symposium, January 11–14, 2022. The symposium included presentations and panel discussions on topics relevant to recent advances in firearm and toolmark examination with a focus on the future. The symposium brought together 685 criminal justice processionals to explore implementation of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies, best practices for forensic examination of firearm and toolmark evidence, federal initiatives, gun crime intelligence, black box studies on firearm and toolmark examination, legal challenges to the admissibility of current examination of firearm and toolmark evidence and engineering solutions that will be used in court in the future, implementation of Organization of Scientific Area Committee (OSAC) standards and reporting, uniform language in testimony and conclusion scales. The panel discussions and presentations and provided examples of how agencies implement new imaging technologies for firearms and toolmark examination, incorporate statistics to add weight to forensic comparisons, address legal issues, and operationalize forensic intelligence to improve public safety and share information with the justice community. The symposium also provided a platform to discuss a series of considerations for the forensic, law enforcement, and greater criminal justice community that could help support a successful national transition to incorporate statistics in forensic testimony and accelerate the adoption of imaging technologies for firearm and toolmark examination.
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Dudoit, Alain. The urgency of the first link: Canada’s supply chain at breaking point, a national security issue. CIRANO, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/cxwf7311.
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The creation of an intelligent supply chain is now an urgent national security priority that cannot be achieved without the joint mobilization of various stakeholders in Canada. It is not, however, an end in itself: the achievement of a single, competitive, sustainable, and consumer-focused domestic market should be the ultimate outcome of the national taskforce needed to collaboratively implement the recommendations of three complementary public policy reports published in 2022 on the state of the supply chain in Canada. The supply chain challenge is vast, and it will only become more complex over time. Governments in Canada must act together now, in conjunction with collaborative efforts with our allies and partners, notably the United States and the European Union, to ensure supply chain resilience in the face of accelerating current and anticipated upheavals, geopolitical conflicts and natural disasters. Québec's geostrategic position is a major asset, and gives it a critical role and responsibility in implementing not only the Final Report of the National Supply Chain Task Force ("ACT"), but also of the recommendations contained in the report published by the Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety (COMT) and those contained in the report of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities published in Ottawa in November 2022, "Improving the Efficiency and Resilience of Canada's Supply Chains". The mobilizing approach towards a common data space for Canada's supply chain is inspired by Advantage St. Lawrence's forward-looking Smart Economic Corridor vision and builds on and integrates experience gained from various initiatives and programs implemented in Canada, the U.S. and Europe, as appropriate. Its initial implementation in the St. Lawrence - Great Lakes trade corridor will facilitate the subsequent access and sharing of data from across the Canadian supply chain in a reliable and secure manner. The accelerated joint development of a common data space is a game-changer not only in terms of solving critical supply chain challenges, but also in terms of the impetus it will generate in the pursuit of fundamental Canadian priorities, including the energy transition. This Bourgogne report offers a four-part synthesis: - An overview of a background characterized by numerous consultations, strategy announcements, measures, and mixed results. - A cross-analysis of the recommendations of three important and complementary public policy reports at federal level, as well as the Quebec strategy, “l'Avantage Saint-Laurent”. - An analysis of the fundamental issues of mobilization capacity, execution, and under-utilization of data. - Some operational solutions for moving into « Action, Collaboration and Transformation » (ACT) mode.
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Dudoit, Alain. European common data spaces: a structuring initiative that is both necessary and adaptable to Canada. CIRANO, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/skhp9567.
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Faced with the acceleration of the digital economy, the governance and effective sharing of data have become fundamental issues for public policy at all levels of jurisdictions and in all areas of human activity. This paper reviews the initiatives and challenges associated with data governance, with a particular focus on the European Common Data Spaces (ECDS) and their direct relevance to the Canadian context. It explores the inherent complexity of data governance, which must reconcile sector-specificities with more horizontal governance principles. In doing so, it highlights the importance of strategic and coordinated action to maximize the social and economic benefits of data. The Burgundy Report, published by CIRANO in July 2023, calls for the creation of a common data space in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Strategic Trade Corridor by 2030. This proposal builds in particular on three separate policy reports published in 2022 by the National Supply Chain Task Force, the Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety (COMT) and the House of Commons Standing Committee on Transportation, Infrastructure and Communities. The findings and recommendations of these reports raise fundamental questions that are central to the critical issues of governance, organizational culture, execution capacity, public and private stakeholder engagement, and data underutilization within the Canadian government machinery strained by years of delay and exacerbated by recent disruptions related to anticipated climate disasters. The creation of a common data space is envisaged as a structuring investment in Canada's essential infrastructure for intermodal transport and the supply chain. This working paper on European Common Data Spaces (ECDS) extends the synthesis and recommendations published last July 2023 by providing an operational analysis of the transformative initiative currently underway within the European Union (EU). This major policy development stems from the 2020 European Data Strategy and seeks to establish twelve common data spaces in strategic sectors, including mobility and transport. The document is divided into three main parts. The first part provides an overview of data-related public policies in Canada and the EU between 2018 and 2023. The second part focuses on the implications and lessons learned from the impact assessment supporting the adoption of data governance legislation by the European institutions. This directive establishes a regulatory framework for the creation of common data spaces in the EU. The third section discusses the current deployment of ECDSs, highlighting key milestones and ongoing processes. The paper highlights notable similarities between the EU and Canada in the identification of data issues and the formulation of public policy objectives. It also highlights differences in optimizing data sharing between jurisdictions and stakeholders. A fundamental difference between these two strategic partners is the absence of an effective and sustained pooling of resources within the Canadian intergovernmental machinery in pursuit of common objectives in the face of major shared challenges such as data accessibility and sharing. This situation is in stark contrast to the EU's groundbreaking deployment of the ECDS in pursuit of identical objectives of positioning itself as a world leader in the data economy. This lack of consideration, let alone joint action, by Canada's intergovernmental machinery to implement a common data strategy in Canada is damaging. To be effective, the Canadian response must be agile, results-oriented, and interoperable across jurisdictions. The rigorous management, responsible use, and organized sharing of data within and between jurisdictions are crucial to addressing the complex challenges and major risks facing Canada. Neither the federal nor provincial governments are currently well positioned to treat data as a shared strategic asset. The resolution of regulatory, legal, and technical obstacles to data exchange between jurisdictions and organizations cannot be achieved without the creation of a common data space. This can only be achieved by combining the necessary tools and infrastructures, and by addressing issues of trust, for example by means of common rules drawn up for this purpose. “The barriers that prevent the establishment of robust health data sharing systems are not technical, but rather fundamentally political and cultural.”
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Hanbali, Layth, Elliot Hannon, Susanna Lehtimaki, Christine McNab, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Monitoring Mechanism for the Pandemic Accord: Accountability for a safer world. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/1.
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To address the challenges in pandemic preparedness and response (PPR), the World Health Assembly (WHA), at a special session in November 2021, established an Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (the INB) and tasked it with drafting a new legal instrument for PPR. During its second meeting in July 2022, the INB decided to develop the accord under Article 19 of the WHO Constitution, which grants the WHO the authority to negotiate a legally-binding Convention or Agreement and requires ratification by countries according to their local laws to enter into force. The aim is to complete negotiations and adopt a new pandemic instrument at the WHA in May 2024. The new legally binding agreement aims to address many of the failures exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the adoption of such an agreement is not the end of the process but the beginning. The negotiations on the instrument must establish a mechanism to monitor countries' compliance with the accord, particularly on the legally-binding elements. In this paper, we recommend creating such a mechanism as part of the accord: an independent committee of experts that monitors state parties' compliance with the pandemic accord and the timeliness, completeness, and robustness of states’ reports on their obligations. Its primary purpose would be to verify state self-reports by triangulating them with a range of publicly available information, making direct inquiries, and accepting confidential submissions. It would report its findings to a body consisting of or that is directly accountable to heads of state, with a particular focus on elevating instances of non-compliance or inadequate reporting. Its reports would also be available to the public. The proposed design builds on the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of existing monitoring approaches to 11 international treaties and mechanisms within and outside of health, a review of the literature, and interviews and input from more than 40 experts from around the world.
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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Holly A. Bowers, V. Monica Bricelj, Lesley D’Anglada, Jonathan Deeds, et al. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.
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Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan builds on major accomplishments from past efforts, provides a state of the science update since the previous decadal HARRNESS plan (2005-2015), identifies key information gaps, and presents forward-thinking solutions. Major achievements on many fronts since the last HARRNESS are detailed in this report. They include improved understanding of bloom dynamics of large-scale regional HABs such as those of Pseudo-nitzschia on the west coast, Alexandrium on the east coast, Karenia brevis on the west Florida shelf, and Microcystis in Lake Erie, and advances in HAB sensor technology, allowing deployment on fixed and mobile platforms for long-term, continuous, remote HAB cell and toxin observations. New HABs and impacts have emerged. Freshwater HABs now occur in many inland waterways and their public health impacts through drinking and recreational water contamination have been characterized and new monitoring efforts have been initiated. Freshwater HAB toxins are finding their way into marine environments and contaminating seafood with unknown consequences. Blooms of Dinophysis spp., which can cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, have appeared around the US coast, but the causes are not understood. Similarly, blooms of fish- and shellfish-killing HABs are occurring in many regions and are especially threatening to aquaculture. The science, management, and decision-making necessary to manage the threat of HABs continue to involve a multidisciplinary group of scientists, managers, and agencies at various levels. The initial HARRNESS framework and the resulting National HAB Committee (NHC) have proven effective means to coordinate the academic, management, and stakeholder communities interested in national HAB issues and provide these entities with a collective voice, in part through this updated HARRNESS report. Congress and the Executive Branch have supported most of the advances achieved under HARRNESS (2005-2015) and continue to make HABs a priority. Congress has reauthorized the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (HABHRCA) multiple times and continues to authorize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fund and conduct HAB research and response, has given new roles to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and required an Interagency Working Group on HABHRCA (IWG HABHRCA). These efforts have been instrumental in coordinating HAB responses by federal and state agencies. Initial appropriations for NOAA HAB research and response decreased after 2005, but have increased substantially in the last few years, leading to many advances in HAB management in marine coastal and Great Lakes regions. With no specific funding for HABs, the US EPA has provided funding to states through existing laws, such as the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and to members of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, to assist states and tribes in addressing issues related to HAB toxins and hypoxia. The US EPA has also worked towards fulfilling its mandate by providing tools and resources to states, territories, and local governments to help manage HABs and cyanotoxins, to effectively communicate the risks of cyanotoxins and to assist public water systems and water managers to manage HABs. These tools and resources include documents to assist with adopting recommended recreational criteria and/or swimming advisories, recommendations for public water systems to choose to apply health advisories for cyanotoxins, risk communication templates, videos and toolkits, monitoring guidance, and drinking water treatment optimization documents. Beginning in 2018, Congress has directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop a HAB research initiative to deliver scalable HAB prevention, detection, and management technologies intended to reduce the frequency and severity of HAB impacts to our Nation’s freshwater resources. Since the initial HARRNESS report, other federal agencies have become increasingly engaged in addressing HABs, a trend likely to continue given the evolution of regulations(e.g., US EPA drinking water health advisories and recreational water quality criteria for two cyanotoxins), and new understanding of risks associated with freshwater HABs. The NSF/NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program has contributed substantially to our understanding of HABs. The US Geological Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration also contribute to HAB-related activities. In the preparation of this report, input was sought early on from a wide range of stakeholders, including participants from academia, industry, and government. The aim of this interdisciplinary effort is to provide summary information that will guide future research and management of HABs and inform policy development at the agency and congressional levels. As a result of this information gathering effort, four major HAB focus/programmatic areas were identified: 1) Observing systems, modeling, and forecasting; 2) Detection and ecological impacts, including genetics and bloom ecology; 3) HAB management including prevention, control, and mitigation, and 4) Human dimensions, including public health, socio-economics, outreach, and education. Focus groups were tasked with addressing a) our current understanding based on advances since HARRNESS 2005-2015, b) identification of critical information gaps and opportunities, and c) proposed recommendations for the future. The vision statement for HARRNESS 2024-2034 has been updated, as follows: “Over the next decade, in the context of global climate change projections, HARRNESS will define the magnitude, scope, and diversity of the HAB problem in US marine, brackish and freshwaters; strengthen coordination among agencies, stakeholders, and partners; advance the development of effective research and management solutions; and build resilience to address the broad range of US HAB problems impacting vulnerable communities and ecosystems.” This will guide federal, state, local and tribal agencies and nations, researchers, industry, and other organizations over the next decade to collectively work to address HAB problems in the United States.
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Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2010. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7291310.aphis.
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As the research arm of Wildlife Services, a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), NWRC develops methods and information to address human-wildlife conflicts related to agriculture, human health and safety, property damage, invasive species, and threatened and endangered species. The NWRC is the only Federal research facility in the United States devoted entirely to the development of methods for effective wildlife damage management, and it’s research authority comes from the Animal Damage Control Act of 1931. The NWRC’s research priorities are based on nationwide research needs assessments, congressional directives, APHIS Wildlife Services program needs, and stakeholder input. The Center is committed to helping resolve the ever-expanding and changing issues associated with human-wildlife conflict management and remains well positioned to address new issues through proactive efforts and strategic planning activities. NWRC research falls under four principal areas that reflect APHIS’ commitment to “protecting agricultural and natural resources from agricultural animal and plant health threats, zoonotic diseases, invasive species, and wildlife conflicts and diseases”. In addition to the four main research areas, the NWRC maintains support functions related to animal care, administration, information transfer, archives, quality assurance, facility development, and legislative and public affairs.