Journal articles on the topic 'Public Research Funding and Research Policy'
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1
Saunders, Carla, Afaf Girgis, Phyllis Butow, Sally Crossing, and Andrew Penman. "Beyond scientific rigour: Funding cancer research of public value." Health Policy 84, no. 2-3 (December 2007): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.05.002.
2
Kishi, Naoko. "How does policy focus influence scientific research?" Science and Public Policy 47, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scz051.
Abstract:
Abstract Policy focus gives scientists an incentive to pursue specific research subjects and influences a trend of scientific research. This study examines how public grant is allocated for stem cell research in Japan and shows that scientists are likely to advance their research toward the direction led by policy. Since Japanese scientists discovered a method to generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) in 2006, public financial and institutional support has skewed toward iPSC. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for iPSC has also had an impact on policy and scientists’ selection of stem cells. Scientists in the top universities are likely to select iPSC research. In addition, iPSC research obtains more amount of public grant funding than other stem cell research. However, scientists’ age has no relevant impact on selecting iPSC research. Finally, this study concludes that targeted public funding skews knowledge portfolio by scientists in a nascent field.
3
Lepori, Benedetto. "Public research funding and research policy: a long-term analysis for the Swiss case." Science and Public Policy 33, no. 3 (April 1, 2006): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154306781779019.
4
Hallonsten, Olof, and Charlotte Silander. "Commissioning the University of Excellence: Swedish research policy and new public research funding programmes." Quality in Higher Education 18, no. 3 (October 16, 2012): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2012.730715.
5
Bernet, Patrick M. "The Increasing Importance of Public Health Funding Research." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 18, no. 4 (2012): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e31825aadc5.
6
Doraisami, Anita, and Alex Millmow. "Funding Australian economics research: Local benefits?" Economic and Labour Relations Review 27, no. 4 (October 26, 2016): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304616676161.
Abstract:
In Australia there is a systematic ranking of academic research performance, with a major impact metric being based on publications in prestigious journals. Other countries like Britain with its Research Excellence Framework also have similar metrics. While much analysis and publicity is devoted to the rankings of the quality of research, there has been very little focus on how this ranked research has then gone on to make a public policy impact. In the case of the economics discipline, there has been little exploration of the relationship between publication in a high-ranked journal and contribution to an analysis of Australia’s most pressing economic issues. This article investigates the extent to which articles in the Diamond list of journals from 2001 to 2010 addressed Australian economic issues. Our results indicate that articles on current policy issues accounted for a very modest fraction of total Diamond list journal articles. One possible explanation for this finding, which is investigated further, is the correlation between an economics department’s Excellence in Research Australia ranking and the number of staff who obtained their doctorates from an overseas university. Such a correlation has implications for the status afforded to economics research with a specific national focus.
7
Carlton, Stuart, Carolyn Foley, and Tomas Höök. "Sea Grant Research Funding: Advancing the Scientific Discourse by Addressing Local Research Priorities." Oceanography 37, no. 1 (2024): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.211.
Abstract:
Scientific research is often supported by public funds for the public good, and there is a trend toward using public funds to support actionable science that can be integrated into policy or practice. Funding agencies can set research priorities through the focus and timing of their research calls and funding decisions. There is a need to study funding models to better understand the relationship between agency priorities and scientific discourse. We present a case study of the National Sea Grant College Program’s research funding. Sea Grant is a federally funded network of 34 state- or territory-based programs that fund research and perform education and outreach work on coastal environmental and natural resource issues. Individual Sea Grant programs set research priorities based on local needs, often focusing on actionable science. To assess the contributions of Sea Grant-funded research, we analyzed available citations and abstracts from Web of Science and examined patterns in article authors, journals, citations, keywords, and abstracts. The study shows that Sea Grant has significantly contributed to the scientific literature while being effective on cost-per-publication and cost-per-citation bases. The results illustrated how targeted funding can address important local issues while substantially contributing to the broader scientific literature.
8
Caulfield, Timothy. "Stem Cell Research and Economic Promises." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38, no. 2 (2010): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00490.x.
Abstract:
Policy arguments in support of stem cell research often use economic benefit as a key rationale for permissive policies and increased government funding. Economic growth, job creation, improved productivity, and a reduction in the burden of disease are all worthy goals and, as such, can be used as powerful rhetorical tools in efforts to sway voters, politicians, and funding agencies. However, declarations of economic and commercial benefit — which can be found in policy reports, the scientific literature, public funding policies, and the popular press — have arguably created a great deal of expectation. Can stem cell research deliver on the economic promise? And what are the implications of this economic ethos for the researchers who must work under its shadow?
9
Cocos, Marta, and Benedetto Lepori. "What we know about research policy mix." Science and Public Policy 47, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scz061.
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Abstract The research policy (RP) arena has been transforming in recent years, turning into a policy mix encompassing the diversity of policy instruments embedded in, and following different policy rationales and aims. Its complexity defies attempts for complex comparative analysis and eventually, a better understanding of what kind of (mixes of) funding instruments work better than others and in which situations. In this article, we address this gap by developing a conceptual framework that allows us to build the policy mix idea into the analysis of research funding instruments (RFIs), by relying on four dimensions: policy rationales, implementation modalities, policy actors, and the funding instruments interactions. We base our work on a careful literature review, especially drawing on the work of researchers who have developed similar frameworks in other policy areas, bringing it together with that of RP scholars, capturing the issues that are key to analyzing and understanding RFIs.
10
Durvasula, Maya, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, and Heidi Williams. "Private and Public Investments in Biomedical Research." AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (May 1, 2021): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211105.
Abstract:
Recent policy attention has focused on proposals to reduce prices for drugs that have received public funding. From an implementation perspective, such policies rely on public disclosure of government support for research. In this paper, we highlight two conceptual problems with past attempts to measure these public disclosures and construct a new dataset that corrects for these problems. Our corrected measures suggest that underreporting of public research support is less of an issue than previously thought.
11
Rosenbaum, Allan. "Research Funding and State Government: Lessons Learned from the Building of a Public Policy Research Institute." PS 20, no. 1 (1987): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419271.
12
Rosenbaum, Allan. "Research Funding and State Government: Lessons Learned from the Building of a Public Policy Research Institute." PS 20, no. 1 (1987): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030826900627534.
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Rosenbaum, Allan. "Research Funding and State Government: Lessons Learned from the Building of a Public Policy Research Institute." PS: Political Science & Politics 20, no. 01 (1987): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500025671.
14
McLaughlin, Kenneth. "Advocacy research and social policy." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, no. 3/4 (April 7, 2015): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2014-0009.
Abstract:
Purpose – Much social policy research today is commissioned, published and publicised by organisations with direct involvement in that particular aspect of policy. Whilst much good can result from such “advocacy research”, at times the tactics employed by some groups have been criticised for exaggerated claims making and sensationalist reporting as they attempt to get their particular issue into the political and public domain and also generate more government funding and/or increase public donations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate such claims. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper the author wishes to look at some of the tactics utilised by advocacy groups in order to establish the legitimacy of their particular concern. The author focuses on material published by Action for Children and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and between 2010 and 2012 in relation to child maltreatment, critically analysing them from a social constructionist standpoint and drawing on aspects of moral panic theory. Findings – The paper concludes by warning of the dangers for both social policy and related practice that can arise from uncritically accepting the claims of contemporary moral entrepreneurs. Originality/value – This paper uses theoretical concepts to analyse contemporary campaigns by two charity organisations.
15
Madsen, Emil Bargmann, and Kaare Aagaard. "Concentration of Danish research funding on individual researchers and research topics: Patterns and potential drivers." Quantitative Science Studies 1, no. 3 (August 2020): 1159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00077.
Abstract:
The degree of concentration in research funding has long been a principal matter of contention in science policy. Strong concentration has been seen as a tool for optimizing and focusing research investments but also as a damaging path towards hypercompetition, diminished diversity, and conservative topic selection. While several studies have documented funding concentration linked to individual funding organizations, few have looked at funding concentration from a systemic perspective. In this article, we examine nearly 20,000 competitive grants allocated by 15 major Danish research funders. Our results show a strongly skewed allocation of funding towards a small elite of individual researchers, and towards a select group of research areas and topics. We discuss potential drivers and highlight that funding concentration likely results from a complex interplay between funders’ overlapping priorities, excellence-dominated evaluation criteria, and lack of coordination between both public and private research funding bodies.
16
Entwistle, Vikki A., and Máire O'Donnell. "Research funding organisations and consumer involvement." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 8, no. 3 (July 2003): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135581903322029458.
17
Smith, Katherine Reichelderfer. "Making alternative agriculture research policy." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006044.
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AbstractThe policies influencing the American agricultural research agenda are developed by Congress, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the 58 state agricultural experiment stations of the land-grant university system, with input from various advisory groups. Despite the slow pace of change in the agricultural research agenda, there are no special barriers keeping the research system from adapting to contemporary and alternative agriculture issues. Rather, agricultural researchers have neither appropriate professional incentives nor sufficient financial incentives to shift toward alternative agriculture. Public intervention to alter these incentives has been thwarted because agricultural research institutions set their agendas through obscure processes. Five areas of policy change that could improve the prospects for evolution of a significant alternative agriculture research agenda are: 1) imposing a means test for formula fund payment limitations to states, with saved funds directed toward alternative agriculture research; 2) making priority setting a condition for receiving federalfunds for agricultural research to make the research agenda-setting process clearer to all interested parties; 3) requiring that federally funded research programs be categorized by the specific social goals toward which they are directed, to aid in judgments about the relevance of specific public agricultural research programs; 4) requiring information on research programs to be reported in a way that is specifically relevant to the alternative agriculture agenda; 5) formally involving public citizens and farmers in reviewing agricultural research grants to assure that the usefulness of proposed research is weighed along with scientific merit. These proposals complement current interest in making science generally more responsive to national priorities, and are entirely feasible within current agricultural research policy processes. Their effectiveness, however, is limited by the shrinking influence of federal funding in the state agricultural experiment station system, and they are only incremental changes within the existing system rather than radical reforms toward an alternative research system.
18
Bhui, Kamaldeep. "Invited commentary on … Rethinking funding priorities in mental health research." British Journal of Psychiatry 208, no. 6 (June 2016): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.185991.
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SummaryThis commentary takes up the notion proposed by Lewis-Fernández and colleagues that we need more balance in research priorities. Specifically, our reliance on neurobiology may be misplaced and likely to be unrewarding unless we ensure that: (a) research with better return for patients and the public is also pursued; (b) research findings are put into practice; and (c) we retain a focus on proportionate investment in service provision. Patient, public and economic perspectives should drive the decision making for better investment, and behaviour change might be better targeted at commissioners and policy makers rather than patients and providers.
19
Kuchta, Dorota, and Stanisław Stanek. "Application of Simulation to Selecting Project Strategy for Autonomous Research Projects at Public Universities." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10010018.
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The definition of the success of research projects implemented at public universities is far from being unequivocal. The success of a research project has to be in line with both the public university’s and the funding institution’s policies, as well as with the personal objectives and ambitions of the researchers. Once the success definition for the research project has been determined, the strategy of implementation must be defined. The omission of this step may result in effort lost (public money, time, enthusiasm, etc.) after being directed toward objectives which do not fit with either the public university’s or the funding agency’s policies, nor with the researchers’ personal objectives. This paper discusses this problem and proposes a model where simulation is used to choose the project strategy that best fits the selected research project success definition in the context of the policy of a given public university, the preferences of its researchers, and the policy of the funding agencies. The model is illustrated by means of a case study—a real world research project implemented at a public university in a European country, where the policy of subsidizing public universities has been changing both very regularly and in a highly unpredictable manner. It is shown how various project strategies can lead to multiple project outcomes, which are then evaluated in different ways depending on the point of view of public university policy or of the researchers, the funding agencies, and/or society. The main conclusion is that applying simulation to a research project before it starts may contribute significantly to the optimization of time, effort, and resource usage with the objective of project success maximization in the context of public university policy and the objectives of the researchers.
20
Santos, Josenito Oliveira, José Ricardo de Santana, Cleide Mara Barbosa da Cruz, and Anderson Rosa da Silva. "Public Governance and Intellectual Property Management in Research Funding Agencies." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss8.3283.
Abstract:
This article aims to analyze the position of the Research Support Foundations (FAPs) regarding the obligation of co-ownership in patent deposits, arising from financial support promoted by them. To this end, a search was proposed in the database of the National Institute of Industrial Property – INPI for FAPs and federal development agencies. For the search of international development agencies, the Orbit Intelligence database was used. The results of this study show that the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) remains the holder with 522 deposits, followed by the Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo (FAPESP) with 275 deposits and the other FAPs with rare cases. Although the three federal agencies do not require joint ownership, 522 deposits with joint ownership by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and 27 deposits with joint ownership by the Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP) were found, however, no deposit was found on behalf of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). And among the 4 main countries analyzed, France is the only one in which there is a concentration of ownership in a central development agency, this can be explained by the fact that France's Intellectual Property Policy makes this type of requirement. In the other countries surveyed, there is no such requirement for participation in co-ownership of patent deposits. In interviews with managers of the FAPs, it was evident that a percentage of them claim that the arguments for participation or not show advantages, and from the point of view of those who do not defend participation, pointing out disadvantages.
21
Luukkonen, T. "The European Research Council and the European research funding landscape." Science and Public Policy 41, no. 1 (May 8, 2013): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct031.
22
Peterson, Lindsay. "THREE DECADES OF RESEARCH GUIDING POLICY AND POLICY GUIDING RESEARCH IN AGING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 540–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1774.
Abstract:
Abstract The Florida Legislature created the Florida Policy Exchange Center on Aging more than 30 years ago to conduct independent research and policy analyses on critical topics in aging. Housed at the University of South Florida (USF), the center brought together students and faculty to examine public policies that directly affect the health and well-being of older adults (e.g., the role of Medicaid funding in home- and community-based care and the effects of nurse staffing levels in nursing homes). As new policy questions emerge, the foundational work of the policy center continues to guide undergraduate and graduate education at the USF School of Aging Studies. This presentation describes the multiple opportunities to incorporate policy instruction into an interdisciplinary gerontology program. These opportunities depend on having faculty who maintain ties with the organizations that provide direct care and services to the public and who connect the policy lessons they learn through these relationships to their teaching and research. Another key element is access to health services data needed to answer critical policy questions. The goal of such an approach is to enable gerontology students to engage in policy analysis and development and to understand the essential links between research, public policy, and practice that improves the lives of older adults.
23
Braun, Robert, and Erich Griessler. "More democratic research and innovation." Journal of Science Communication 17, no. 03 (September 3, 2018): C04. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.17030304.
Abstract:
For decades the idea that scientists, policy makers and industry know best in research and innovation has been convincingly challenged. The concept of Responsible Research and Innovation [RRI] combines various strands of critique and takes up the idea that research and innovation need to be democratized and must engage with the public in order to serve the public. The proposed future EU research funding framework programme, Horizon Europe, excludes a specific program line on research in RRI. We propose a number of steps the European Parliament should take to institutionalize RRI in Horizon Europe and beyond.
24
Pearce, J. M. "Maximizing returns for public funding of medical research with open-source hardware." Health Policy and Technology 6, no. 4 (December 2017): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2017.09.001.
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Daniel, Mark, Lawrence W. Green, and Samuel B. Sheps. "Paradigm Change and Uncertainty About Funding of Public Health Research." Journal of Health & Social Policy 10, no. 2 (June 5, 1998): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j045v10n02_04.
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Forbes, Leta, William K. Evans, Thomas Eduard Kais-Prial, Ron Fung, Carlin Lalonde, Charlotte Hoskin, Lisa Milgram, et al. "Clinical trials in Ontario’s quality-based funding model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 8_suppl (March 10, 2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.8_suppl.186.
Abstract:
186 Background: Clinical trials (CTs) are a key component of a quality cancer care system. When funding for systemic therapy services in Ontario transitioned in 2014 from a one-time payment for new cases to bundled payments for specific care activities (consultation, therapy, well follow-up, supportive care), a policy was developed to address public funding for systemic therapy in CTs. Methods: Treatment facilities receive funding from the Systemic Treatment-Quality Based Program (ST-QBP) for treatment with evidence-informed regimens inclusive of inexpensive drug, preparation and delivery costs. Under the new CT policy, randomized CTs with a standard of care comparator arm receive funding for all arms of the trial from the ST-QBP for older inexpensive drugs and all treatment administration costs at the band level for the disease type and stage. Non-randomized CTs are funded at the level of best supportive care or other appropriate band level. CT costs over and above the standard of care must be negotiated with industry sponsors. New and expensive drugs in CTs may be funded through separate provincial drug reimbursement programs if used according to publicly approved funding indications. Weekly joint reviews of new CT submissions by staff of the ST-QBP and drug reimbursement programs ensures timely communication to investigators concerning policy alignment and public funding and addresses potential concerns with regard to downstream access to expensive drugs. Results: As of January 29, 2016, 121 CT applications have been assessed (Phase 0 = 1, Phase I = 26, Phase II = 31, Phase III = 39, Phase IV = 1 and Multi-Phase = 23). Almost all CTs are aligned with the new policy and were assessed in a timely fashion. Assessments are posted on Cancer Care Ontario’s website within 1 week of review to allow all Ontario investigators access to this information. Conclusions: A clear CT funding policy and timely reviews support patient and investigator access to new and innovative therapies within an evidence-informed public funding model in Ontario, Canada. [Table: see text]
27
Ilott, Irene, and Elizabeth White. "Research and Development Board: The Research Assessment Exercise — Implications for the Future of Occupational Therapy." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 63, no. 4 (April 2000): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300405.
Abstract:
The Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) is one of the most important policies that determine public expenditure of nearly one billion pounds in higher education. Although a minority of occupational therapy personnel are involved, all have an investment in the outcomes which support evidence-based services. This report outlines the Research and Development Board's responses to the Higher Education Funding Council's consultation exercises since 1997. The aim is to highlight the implications of this policy for supporting a research-active community, able to contribute to the development of the profession. Particular attention is given to the collaborative approach taken as a member of the Joint Therapies Research Group. A longer-term, pragmatic strategy is described as part of the preparation for the next RAE in 2001 and beyond. This fits with the current fundamental review of research funding and policy and the recognition of the damage inflicted upon emergent disciplines and health service research by previous RAEs.
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Rappert, B. "Users and Social Science Research: Policy, Problems and Possibilities." Sociological Research Online 2, no. 3 (September 1997): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.109.
Abstract:
Recent times have seen a significant reorientation in public funding for academic research across many countries. Public bodies in the UK have been at the forefront of such activities, typically justified in terms of a need to meet the challenges of international competitiveness and improve quality of life. One set of mechanisms advanced for further achieving these goals is the incorporation of users’ needs into various aspects of the research process. This paper examines some of the consequences of greater user involvement in the UK Economic and Social Research Council by drawing on both empirical evidence and more speculative argumentation. In doing so it poses some of the dilemmas for conceptualizing proper user involvement.
29
Gershen, J. A. "Geriatric Dentistry and Prevention: Research and Public Policy." Advances in Dental Research 5, no. 1 (December 1991): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374910050011101.
Abstract:
Changing demographics, including the increase in life expectancy and the growing numbers of elderly, has focused attention on the need for dental research activities to be expanded for geriatric dentistry. The elderly are at greater risk for oral disease, since gains in longevity result in more medically compromising conditions or systemic disease with oral manifestations. Also, as edentulism decreases and as more teeth are retained by the elderly, the pattern of oral diseases and the treatment of dental conditions will be altered. Barriers to self-care and professional care must be removed, and prevention and early intervention strategies must be formulated to reduce the risk of oral diseases. Risk factors for oral diseases in the elderly can be reduced by personal home-care regimens, professionally provided preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic care, changes in high-risk behavior, and a supportive environment. Generating new information about the prevention of oral diseases and conditions that have an impact on the elderly requires a substantial research effort. A research agenda for the elderly should include: epidemiologic studies of relevant oral diseases and related risk factors; investigations of patient and provider attitudes and behavior related to oral health; studies of the relationship between general health and oral health; development and testing of preventive and treatment strategies for conditions such as xerostomia, root caries, secondary caries, and gingival recession; and studies for the evaluation of the impact of the aging population on the dental delivery system. Public policy options to support geriatric oral health care and research are limited by the Government's pre-occupation with cost containment and the lack of visibility for dental programs. Many of the national health proposals for universal coverage and for elimination of financial barriers to health care do not include disease prevention or health promotion programs; dentistry is not mentioned even in those proposals that do include prevention. NIDR is gathering support for geriatric oral health research with its new initiative, entitled the "Research and Action Program to Improve the Oral Health of Older Americans and Other Adults at High Risk". Funding for this program may depend in part on changing national priorities and the dental profession's ability to become more intimately involved in the public debate regarding the future of the nation's health care system.
30
Reijmerink, Wendy. "OP123 Translating Evidence To Action – The Role Of Health Research Funders." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001472.
Abstract:
Introduction:National health research funders are accountable to the public with regard to the societal impact of the research, including health technology assessment (HTA), that they fund. Failing to do so can not only negatively affect public trust in the allocation of resources to funding agencies, but can also lead to public mistrust in science.Methods:We present the results of reducing research waste to ensure societal responsible research, both at an international and national level. In the Netherlands, the National Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) developed an analytical framework to assess its research programs, including the national HTA program.Results:An evaluation of 12 national funding agencies in Australia, Europe and North America demonstrated that certain processes (e.g. how research questions are prioritized or decided) are not transparent. At the international level, health funders believe that they have a joint responsibility not just to seek to advance knowledge, but also to advance the practices of health-related research and research funding. In the Netherlands, ZonMw (HTA) research programs perform well regarding addressing societal relevance (e.g. stakeholder participation) and reasonably well on scientific quality (e.g. international cooperation and knowledge sharing). Efficiency (e.g. encouraging use of existing data and systematic reviews) appears to be less well developed, while integrity (e.g. preventing publication bias) is underexposed.Conclusions:Although ZonMw is doing reasonably well in terms of reducing research waste, it was concluded that more focus on societal impact assessment is needed. To do so funding agencies need to collaborate with all relevant stakeholders. This is especially relevant in the field of HTA where the ambition is to move from evidence to impact.
31
Rogers, James M. "Extramural Research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse: Funding, Interests, and Public Policy." Journal of Drug Issues 30, no. 3 (July 2000): 621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260003000307.
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Schapper, Catherine C., Terence Dwyer, Geoffrey W. Tregear, MaryAnne Aitken, and Moira A. Clay. "Research performance evaluation: the experience of an independent medical research institute." Australian Health Review 36, no. 2 (2012): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah11057.
Abstract:
Background. Evaluation of the social and economic outcomes of health research funding is an area of intense interest and debate. Typically, approaches have sought to assess the impact of research funding by medical charities or regional government bodies. Independent research institutes have a similar need for accountability in investment decisions but have different objectives and funding, thus the existing approaches are not appropriate. Methods. An evaluation methodology using eight indicators was developed to assess research performance across three broad categories: knowledge creation; inputs to research; and commercial, clinical and public health outcomes. The evaluation approach was designed to provide a balanced assessment across laboratory, clinical and public health research. Results and discussion. With a diverse research agenda supported by a large number of researchers, the Research Performance Evaluation process at the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute has, by necessity, been iterative and responsive to the needs of the Institute and its staff. Since its inception 5 years ago, data collection systems have been refined, the methodology has been adjusted to capture appropriate data, staff awareness and participation has increased, and issues regarding the methodology and scoring have been resolved. Conclusions. The Research Performance Evaluation methodology described here provides a fair and transparent means of disbursing internal funding. It is also a powerful tool for evaluating the Institute’s progress towards achieving its strategic goals, and is therefore a key driver for research excellence. What is known about the topic? Increasingly, research funders are seeking to evaluate the impact and outcomes of research spending in order to inform policy decisions and guide research funding expenditure. However, in most instances, research evaluation activities are not undertaken by the organisation conducting the actual research and may not meet their practical needs. What does this paper add? The paper outlines a research performance evaluation methodology specifically tailored to the needs of the medical research institute conducting the research being evaluated, as a way of evaluating research performance to drive strategic goals and disburse internal funds. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper provides a clear approach to internal research evaluation using a process that meets the needs of the organisation actually conducting the research, and provides institutional data for strategic planning activities.
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Himanen, Laura, Otto Auranen, Hanna-Mari Puuska, and Mika Nieminen. "Influence of research funding and science policy on university research performance: a comparison of five countries." Science and Public Policy 36, no. 6 (July 1, 2009): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/030234209x461006.
34
Davenport, Sally, Shirley Leitch, and Arie Rip. "The ‘user’ in research funding negotiation processes." Science and Public Policy 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154303781780362.
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Denburg, Avram. "Social values and cancer funding priorities: Empirical evidence for cancer policy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18352-e18352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18352.
Abstract:
e18352 Background: Achieving value in health care requires knowledge of public values and priorities. To better understand public values for resource allocation on cancer care, we conducted a population-based stated preference survey with a nested randomized controlled moral reasoning intervention. Our objective was to generate evidence to inform economic evaluation and policymaking on cancer care priority-setting and payment reform in developed health systems. Methods: We conducted a population-based stated preference survey of societal views on the prioritization of health resources between children and adults, administered to a nationally representative sample (n = 1,556) of Canadian adults. Allocative preferences were elicited across a range of hypothetical treatment scenarios and scored on a visual analogue scale. Participants were randomized to a moral reasoning intervention (n = 773) or a control group (n = 783). Those randomized to the intervention group were exposed to a moral reasoning exercise prior to each choice task. The exercise presented participants with a list of ethical principles relevant to health care resource allocation and tasked them to select the top principles guiding their choice. The main outcomes were the difference in mean preference scores by group, scenario, and participant demographics. Results: Multiple regression analyses demonstrated a consistent aggregate preference by participants to allocate scarce health system resources to children. Exposure to the moral reasoning exercise weakened but did not eliminate allocative preference for children, as compared to control (difference 0.72, SE 0.14, p < 0.0001). Younger respondent age (-0.71, SE 0.14, p < 0.0001) and parenthood (-0.40, SE 0.11, p < 0.0002) were associated with greater preference for children. The top three principles guiding participants’ allocative decisions were treat equally (54.3-63.9%), relieve suffering (39.6-66.1%), and rescue those at risk of dying (37-40.8%). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a significant preference by participants to allocate health care resources to children, but one attenuated by exposure to a range of ethical principles to guide decision-making. It also evinced strong support for humanitarian principles to guide health care resource allocation. Definitions of value in health care based primarily on the magnitude of clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness may exclude moral considerations that the public values.
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Simon-Rusinowitz, Lori, Philip Rozario, and Brian Lindberg. "Public Policy Panel Interdisciplinary Symposium." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1945.
Abstract:
Abstract Chair: Lori Simon-Rusinowitz;Panelists: Representatives of GSA Sections - Phillip Rozario (SRPP), Stephen Helfand (BS), Tamara Baker (BSS), Cynthia Brown (HS), Judith Howe (AGHE), Darina Petrovsky (ESPO); Discussant: Brian Lindberg. This interactive session is an interdisciplinary look at policy issues in aging with the speakers representing views from their sections. This session, organized by the GSA Public Policy Panel, will provide both GSA section leadership and attendees an opportunity to have an open dialogue on important public policy issues of significance in the field of aging. Presentations will likely address the COVID-19 pandemic, how GSA, each section and its members, and the federal government responded during the past year; how the policy work has been influenced by the increased acknowledgement of institutional and societal racism; and member experiences with the influx of additional economic relief, research funding, and funding for aging supports and services programs.
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Meyerowitz, C. "Geriatric Dentistry and Prevention: Research and Public Policy (Reaction Paper)." Advances in Dental Research 5, no. 1 (December 1991): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374910050011201.
Abstract:
The population of older adults is heterogeneous and can be divided into many subgroups: the young-old, the old-old, the healthy, the sick, the frail, the mentally and physically handicapped, the ambulatory, the chair-bound, house-bound or institution-bound, and the economically advantaged and disadvantaged. This diversity is extremely important to the discussion of the oral health needs, preventive health strategies, and research agenda for the elderly. As life expectancy increases, more attention is being paid to disease prevention so that the quality of life in old age can be improved. However, the link among oral health, systemic disease, and quality of life in the elderly needs to be better-defined. There is some evidence in the literature that indicates that coronal and root caries appear to be major health problems for the elderly. This needs to be corroborated in longitudinal studies. Although periodontal disease prevalence and severity are high in some subgroups of the elderly, these appear to be in decline in the general population. Dental health-care workers must be cognizant of the oral conditions associated with systemic disease and the use of medication, a major concern in older adults. Prevention of oral disease in the elderly requires early intervention, education of the dental health team, and innovative uses of well-established preventive agents such as fluoride. An extensive research effort is needed to answer basic and applied questions regarding the oral health needs of the elderly. Federal and private funding will be necessary. The dental profession will have to demonstrate and be persuasive that money spent on research and care for the elderly is money well spent.
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Brinkley, B. R. "Educating Congress on the importance of investigator-initiated biomedical research: Role of individual investigators and professional societies." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100167743.
Abstract:
Although American biomedical science relies heavily on the Federal Government for research funding, individual scientists have traditionally shunned politics and public policy. In years past, scientists were not encouraged to mingle with politicians, most of whom viewed scientists as fuzzballs and eggheads with whom they had little in common. Scientists generally believed that government and society valued their services and would always provide substantial support for research and training. Today, biomedical research funding requires a keen knowledge of the U. S. Congress and the political process. Indeed, our professional survival and that of our students and trainees requires active involvement in Washington politics. We can no longer defer the task of justifying our role in society to institutions or blue ribbon panels of elite science experts. Democratic decision-making at its best is process-oriented, time-consuming, and bottom-up, not top-down. Through its proactive policies involving networking, congressional testimony, education and targeted funding goals, the Public Policy Committee of the American Society for Cell Biology has provided a model strategy for member-oriented commitment to science and public policy.
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Barcikowska, Renata, and Eliza Wawrzyn. "Selected Sources of Research Funding in Railway Transport." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 136 (June 1, 2023): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.4121.
Abstract:
In Horizon 2020, funding for research and innovation in the railway area was entirely channeled through the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking (Shift2Rail). Shift2Rail was founded in 2014 as a Public-Private Partnership between the European Union (EU) and the rail industry and aimed to coordinate and manage EU research and investment in the rail sector. From the current financial perspective - Horizon Europe - the successor to Shift2Rail, is Europe's Rail Joint Undertaking (EU-Rail). The new rail partnership aims to enable the European rail network to play a vital role in the Green Deal policy for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient mobility. In 2017, the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) and PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe (PLK S.A.) established a Joint Undertaking, Research and Development of Railway Infrastructure, with the acronym BRIK. The program supports research and development (R&D) work in railway infrastructure and aims at increasing the Polish railway potential. The article provides a critical-cognitive analysis of selected joint R&D projects in the railway sector at both European and national levels. The activity of the Railway Research Institute (IK) in international and national projects is also presented. The article attempts to answer the research question: Are European and national programs supporting research in the railway area an appropriate and sufficient funding source? The research methods used included source material analysis, comparative approach, data analysis of the EU, Railway Research Institute, National Centre for Development Research (NCBR), and case study.
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Rakhel, Tiurma Melissa, Parama Tirta WW Kusuma, and Suardi Kadang. "Public-Private Partnership Scheme in Research and Development: A Bibliometric Study." Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v2i1.109.
Abstract:
This article investigates the trends of scholarly publication in PPP research of R&D sector during the last three decades, including the publication patterns of the researchers' network and institutional structures. This article applies Bibliometric method by using VOSviewer to analyze and visualize scientific themes obtained from keywords ‘PPP and R&D’ through articles published in Scopus indexed journals. In mapping these keywords, this study found out that the most discussed topics include drug development, innovation policy, drug discovery, neglected tropical disease, global health, vaccines, and clinical trials. From these keywords, it could be concluded that the majority of the research areas of this topic focuses on the health sector. Lastly, this paper summarizes some future research directions and gives a recommendation. The recommendation is to make a mechanism for how PPP funding can be carried out in R&D activities. The PPP funding is not only meant for research infrastructure development but also R&D activities.
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Swerissen, Hal, and Rae Walker. "Editorial: Research partnerships for primary health?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 2 (2004): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04020.
Abstract:
Until recently, basic and clinical discovery-oriented health research funded through schemes like the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) were unchallenged. Narrowly focused, traditional scientific perspectives and judgments about researcher track records ensured newly emerging research issues and methodologies in public health, primary care and health services research struggled to get funding.
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Milat, Andrew J., Lesley King, Chris Rissel, Adrian Bauman, and Sally Redman. "The case for funding more intervention research in public health - policy maker and researcher perspectives." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 36, no. 6 (November 8, 2012): 582–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00937.x.
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Saiz, Andrew, and Kelsey Farenhem. "HIV vaccines: Lessons from basic research, clinical trials, and public policy." MIT Science Policy Review 4 (August 31, 2023): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.38105/spr.0cg04tczoe.
Abstract:
Forty years since its discovery in 1983, HIV/AIDS still lacks a cure, despite advances in biomedicine that have dramatically improved global understanding of the virus’s biology. Decades of research and improvements to clinical trial infrastructure have promoted the development of novel vaccines for HIV, but these vaccines have shown limited efficacy. The landmark clinical trial “RV144” in Thailand (2003) showed modest efficacy of an HIV vaccine for the first time ever, sparking the formation of public-private partnerships and a wave of other HIV vaccine clinical trials. Around two decades later, the COVID-19 pandemic provided an impetus to move vaccine technology forward and exposed areas for improvement in vaccine and clinical-trial infrastructure. Looking at historical examples from both HIV and COVID-19 research, vaccine trials, and global statistics, it is clear that a successful vaccination campaign will require generous funding, collaboration, clinical trial infrastructure, sharing of data and resources amongst researchers, and policy based on scientific evidence and ethics. Such a successful campaign will also require overcoming several hurdles, such as delivering vaccines to individuals in countries with underdeveloped health care systems and both demographic and geographic disparities in access to care. The perspectives in this article are apropos given the recent development of HIV vaccines that have entered clinical trials.
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Kundu, Oishee, and Nicholas E. Matthews. "The role of charitable funding in university research." Science and Public Policy 46, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scz014.
Abstract:
Abstract There has been a diversification in the sources of university research funding in recent decades. While substantial research efforts have explored and discussed the implications of this diversification, with the exception of biomedical research the role of charities has typically been neglected, despite their importance in funding university research. This article explores the significance of charitable funding in academic research through the sponsorship of doctoral students. We demonstrate a sponsor classification strategy which classifies PhD theses by sponsor type with high accuracy and coverage. We find that: 1. charities play a significant role in funding doctoral students particularly within medical research, 2. charities are prominent in the wider network of research sponsors, and 3. they exhibit distinct preferences in terms of the subjects they fund. The dataset generated through this study provides an instrumental resource to initiate greater discussion on the role of this important source of research funding.
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Coppersmith, Daniel D. L., Shyamala Nada-Raja, and Annette L. Beautrais. "An examination of suicide research and funding in New Zealand 2006–16: implications for new research and policies." Australian Health Review 42, no. 3 (2018): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16189.
Abstract:
Objective Suicide is a significant public health problem in New Zealand, with the youth suicide rate being one of the highest among developed countries. Increased suicide rates in recent years suggest that the evidence base and research priorities for New Zealand suicide prevention need to be reassessed. To inform policy development, the aim of the present study was to evaluate all peer-reviewed New Zealand published suicide research and major grant allocations from 2006 to 2016. Methods The methodology duplicated a recent Australian review of suicide prevention research and funding. Publications and grant funding allocations were assessed independently. Key research databases were searched in April 2016 for all suicide-related publications. Identified papers were then classified by research type, population focus and type of self-injurious behaviour. Citation indices were obtained for each publication. Annual reports, newsletters and summary data from four major New Zealand funding bodies (the Health Research Council of New Zealand, Marsden Fund, Lottery Health Research and the Ministry of Health) were reviewed for funding allocations. Identified grants were coded for type of project, type of self-injurious behaviour and target population. Descriptive analyses were performed. Results In all, 104 published articles and 27 grants met review criteria. Total funding was NZ$12 677 261.62. Most published articles were epidemiological in nature and the most common type of grant was for an intervention. Conclusions In the past decade, a substantial number of articles has been published and significant funding was invested in New Zealand’s suicide research. The present review suggests that future research investments should focus on effective translation of research findings into suicide prevention programs. Several pragmatic recommendations are proposed to help improve the evidence base and reduce New Zealand’s suicide rates. What is known about the topic? Suicide prevention continues to be a national public health priority for New Zealand. Although much is known about the prevalence of suicidal behaviours in New Zealand, less is known about how well suicide research has addressed prevention priorities and specific target populations. Australian research found that research funding and publications were dominated by epidemiological studies rather than evaluation or intervention studies. It is yet to be determined whether these research and funding trends also apply for New Zealand. What does this paper add? This study examined all peer-reviewed and published suicide research and all major suicide prevention projects that have been funded in New Zealand between 2006 and 2016. The purpose of the review was to summarise the evidence base, evaluate funding and determine the ability of the evidence base to inform policy development. The findings demonstrate that the New Zealand research trends are similar to those found in Australia, with most studies being epidemiological and few representative of interventions. What are the implications for practitioners? This review highlights that there were few intervention and evaluation studies. Partnerships between practitioners and/or community organisations implementing interventions and researchers to systematically evaluate existing interventions and develop new evidence-based interventions would help improve the evidence base for New Zealand suicide prevention.
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Melo, Gabriela Bardelini Tavares, Antonia Angulo-Tuesta, Everton Nunes da Silva, and Marcos Takashi Obara. "Funding for research on dengue in Brazil, 2004-2020." Saúde em Debate 47, no. 138 (September 2023): 601–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202313817i.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Dengue represents an important public health problem in Brazil, due to the constant epidemics caused by the disease in the country. This study aimed to analyze the funding of research on dengue by the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Health of Brazil and partners between 2004 to 2020. Was analyzed the trend of the funding by generalized linear regression using Prais-Winster and its distribution between Brazilian regions and Federated Units, research contracting modalities, benefited institutions, and studied themes. Between 2004 and 2020, 232 research studies were funded (R$ 164.03 million), carried out mostly in institutions in the Southeast Region (77.55%), addressing especially the vector control theme (37.93%). The funding trend was stationary in the years studied. The state calls were the main form of contracting modality for the research (65.95%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the loan amount between the contracting modalities, and in the number of researches funded and loan amount among Brazilian regions. These findings demonstrate the importance of monitoring the research funding on dengue in Brazil and of implementing strategies to evaluate the research funded, to support and improve the policy to combat the disease and its vector.
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George, M. Anne, Mark Daniel, and Lawrence W. Green. "Appraising and Funding Participatory Research in Health Promotion." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 18, no. 2 (July 1998): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/c1b5-7ppe-7tyl-7yn8.
Abstract:
Participatory action research combines research, education and social action. Each of these elements reflects health education research and practice. Indeed, health education, health promotion and participatory research have converged in these respects. Participatory research is well suited to the philosophies and theories underpinning community-based health education and health promotion. The nature of participatory research is such that funding agencies, especially those awarding research funds, tend to be challenged in their attempts to assess proposals. This is true at least for those agencies operating under traditional criteria for reviewing standards, which may not be appropriate for participatory research. As well, it may reflect a broader lack of common understanding about the processes and expectations, the apparent untidiness of projects (comparing with traditional research) which by their nature offer no standard methods, deadlines, procedures or predetermined outcome measures. The Study of Participatory Research in Health Promotion [1], commissioned by the Royal Society of Canada, attempted to clarify the topic by providing a working definition and a set of guidelines for use by funding agencies when appraising projects purporting to be participatory research. The guidelines emphasize how the normal ways of conducting health research in populations need to adapt to meet the educational and policy expectations of participatory research. The study also examined current practical examples of participatory research in the field of health promotion in Canada. This summary of the results of the project provides detailed guidelines flowing from a review of experience in the field and consultation with groups engaged in participatory research.
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Ayyar, Savita, and Shahid Jameel. "India Research Management Initiative (IRMI) – an initiative for building research capacity in India." Wellcome Open Research 4 (January 31, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15073.1.
Abstract:
Research and innovation are growing in India with significant investments being made towards institutions, researchers and research infrastructure. Although still under 1% of GDP, funding for science and technology in India has increased each year for over two decades. There is also increasing realization that public funding for research should be supplemented with that from industry and philanthropy. Like their counterparts worldwide, Indian researchers require access to professional research management support at their institutions to fully leverage emerging scientific opportunities and collaborations. However, there are currently significant gaps in the research management support available to these researchers and this has implications for research in India. The India Research Management Initiative (IRMI) was launched by the Wellcome Trust/DBT (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India) India Alliance (hereafter India Alliance) in February 2018 to narrow these gaps. A 12-month pilot phase has enabled conversations across multiple stakeholders. In this Open Letter, we share some insights from the IRMI pilot phase, which could aid systemic development and scaling up of research management as a professional support service across India. We anticipate these will stimulate dialogue and guide future policy and interventions towards building robust research and innovation ecosystems in India.
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Ayyar, Savita, and Shahid Jameel. "India Research Management Initiative (IRMI) – an initiative for building research capacity in India." Wellcome Open Research 4 (April 10, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15073.2.
Abstract:
Research and innovation are growing in India with significant investments being made towards institutions, researchers and research infrastructure. Although still under 1% of GDP, funding for science and technology in India has increased each year for over two decades. There is also increasing realization that public funding for research should be supplemented with that from industry and philanthropy. Like their counterparts worldwide, Indian researchers require access to professional research management support at their institutions to fully leverage emerging scientific opportunities and collaborations. However, there are currently significant gaps in the research management support available to these researchers and this has implications for research in India. The India Research Management Initiative (IRMI) was launched by the Wellcome Trust/DBT (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India) India Alliance (hereafter India Alliance) in February 2018 to narrow these gaps. A 12-month pilot phase has enabled conversations across multiple stakeholders. In this Open Letter, we share some insights from the IRMI pilot phase, which could aid systemic development and scaling up of research management as a professional support service across India. We anticipate these will stimulate dialogue and guide future policy and interventions towards building robust research and innovation ecosystems in India.
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Faisal, F., G. M. Gi, and S. N. Martin. "Analysis of Government-Funded Research in Indonesia from 2014-2018: Implications for Research Trends in Science Education." Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i2.23174.
Abstract:
Government funding has the potential to increase research on particular topics that represent an integral focus of governmental policy. The reason is that researchers who seek funding from government sources need to target specific calls for research on topics that the government has identified as necessary for society. Analysis of funding trends can raise awareness about what topics are receiving adequate attention and can demonstrate how funding schemes may serve to limit (intentionally and unintentionally) researchers’ authority to design and manage projects and disseminate findings that are not financially supported by government funding agencies. In this study, we used a content analysis approach to analyze all projects awarded to the top five public teacher education institutions (TEIs) in Indonesia from 2014-2018. From the research project list from the five TEIs, we identified 225 science education projects for the sample of analysis. We extracted all keywords (nouns and adjectives) from the research project titles and grouped all extracted keywords into four categories: research topic, research subject or context, research product and outcomes, and content target. From the analysis, we offer some educational context for why scientific literacy and character and values education have emerged as such prominent topics in Indonesia, and we highlight the importance of greater involvement of teachers in research projects, the significance of research outcomes for improving science teaching and learning in schools, and the need to promote research on pedagogical coursework.