Academic literature on the topic 'Public research and health policies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public research and health policies"
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Ramos-Morcillo, Antonio Jesús, and María Ruzafa-Martínez. "Nursing research and public health policies. From “nursogyny” to “nursology”." Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) 27, no. 3 (May 2017): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2017.04.001.
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Warin, Thierry. "Global Research on Coronaviruses: Metadata-Based Analysis for Public Health Policies." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): e31510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31510.
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Background Within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper suggests a data science strategy for analyzing global research on coronaviruses. The application of reproducible research principles founded on text-as-data information, open science, the dissemination of scientific data, and easy access to scientific production may aid public health in the fight against the virus. Objective The primary goal of this paper was to use global research on coronaviruses to identify critical elements that can help inform public health policy decisions. We present a data science framework to assist policy makers in implementing cutting-edge data science techniques for the purpose of developing evidence-based public health policies. Methods We used the EpiBibR (epidemiology-based bibliography for R) package to gain access to coronavirus research documents worldwide (N=121,231) and their associated metadata. To analyze these data, we first employed a theoretical framework to group the findings into three categories: conceptual, intellectual, and social. Second, we mapped the results of our analysis in these three dimensions using machine learning techniques (ie, natural language processing) and social network analysis. Results Our findings, firstly, were methodological in nature. They demonstrated the potential for the proposed data science framework to be applied to public health policies. Additionally, our findings indicated that the United States and China were the primary contributors to global coronavirus research during the study period. They also demonstrated that India and Europe were significant contributors, albeit in a secondary position. University collaborations in this domain were strong between the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, confirming the country-level findings. Conclusions Our findings argue for a data-driven approach to public health policy, particularly when efficient and relevant research is required. Text mining techniques can assist policy makers in calculating evidence-based indices and informing their decision-making process regarding specific actions necessary for effective health responses.
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Colomer-Revuelta, C., R. Peiro-Perez, R. M. Lopez-Rodriguez, I. Espiga-Lopez, I. Saiz-Martinez-Acitores, and I. Soriano-Villarroel. "Policies, politics and gender research." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 61, Supplement 2 (December 1, 2007): ii2—ii3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.066225.
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Latham, Stephen R. "Between Public Opinion and Public Policy: Human Embryonic Stem-Cell Research and Path-Dependency." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 4 (2009): 800–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00451.x.
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My aim in this paper is simply to show that, in bioethics no less than in other areas of health care, policy in democracies is shaped not only by principles and values, but also — and to some extent independently — by the shape and history of particular political institutions and past policies. “Path dependency,” or what one scholar has called the “accidental logics” of already-existing institutions, condition and guide national policy choices. These institutional and historical pressures can even create substantial policy divergences between quite likeminded nations. I shall illustrate the point using some comparative data about national policies regarding research on human embryonic stem cells. The fact that gaps can develop between values and policies is readily visible to anyone who compares national stemcell research policies to the expressed attitudes of the citizens of various democratic countries regarding human embryonic stem-cell research. The role of path dependency and the accidental logics of institutional structure in creating those gaps can be illustrated by tracking down the details of the development of human embryonic stem cell policies in a few different countries.
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Widhiyanti, Hanif Nur, and Anak Agung Ayu Nanda Saraswati. "LIMITATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN RESPONSE TO COVID-19: FROM PUBLIC HEALTH REGULATIONS TO DISCRIMINATORY POLICIES." Diponegoro Law Review 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.6.1.2021.78-95.
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A number of regulations and policies implemented by some countries regarding the limitations of freedom to manifest religion or belief have been highly debated since the Covid-19 pandemic. Many argue such policies are discriminative and inconsistent with human rights law. Thus, this paper aims at analyzing the concept of human rights in the implementation of religion manifestation during the pandemic, and investigating how states implement policies according to the international human rights legal framework. This normative research which uses comparative and conceptual approach concludes that policies established by states in general can be legitimized on several conditions, among others for public health concerns. In addition, the proportionality and the non-discrimination principles need to be applied accordingly.
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Flores, Eileen, Danielle Llaneza, Hanamori Skoblow, Lilian Azer, and Patricia D’Antonio. "PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY IN AN AGING POPULATION." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1504.
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Abstract In the U.S., cancer and its related issues have an impact on public health, such as increased death rates and economic burdens due to lost productivity and associated treatment costs. Along the cancer control continuum, there are ample opportunities to enact policies that can improve cancer prevention, detection, and survivorship. As the US population ages, health policies that address barriers to cancer prevention and optimal survivorship care for older adults will be key. The intersection of policy and public health has gained momentum in the last decade. Changes resulting from the Affordable Care Act and President Biden’s recently set goals (i.e. reduce age-adjusted death rates from cancer by at least 50% and improving the experience of people and their families living with and surviving cancer) for the Cancer Moonshot program have ignited the role of public health policy and its implications among the US population. As a policy intern, I had the opportunity to advocate on behalf of GSA, the nation’s largest aging organization, for research initiatives (e.g. ARPA-H) that amplify opportunities to address policies in public health. Advocating for initiatives that accelerate the government’s biomedical and health research to embrace a geroscience approach will continue to spearhead much needed opportunities to directly impact policies surrounding aging and cancer.
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Mehling, Kendra, and Su Jin Jeong. "Perceptions of Public Health: The Challenges of Public Health Education Integration." Journal of Education and Development 2, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v2i2.433.
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Public health seeks to protect and improve the health of communities through the promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention, and detection and control of infectious diseases. It is a population-focused science that works primarily with prevention strategies, policies implementation, service administration, and research. While this field seemingly contrasts with the field of clinical medicine—in which patients are treated on an individual level after becoming sick or injured—public health concepts regarding prevention are critical knowledge areas for any health professional. In recent years, public health courses have been incorporated into degree requirements for a variety of health-related professions; however, several studies have indicated that health professions students have negative attitudes toward these courses for a variety of reasons. Given the importance of public health as a crucial component of health profession education, it is important to understand how students’ perceptions of public health education are shaped to ensure effective integration.
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Marinaccio, Alessandro, Michela Bonafede, and Marco Morabito. "Research and public health prevention policies of occupational heat exposure in Italy." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 79, no. 3 (January 12, 2022): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107967.
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Powell, O. W. "THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ON HEALTH POLICIES." Community Health Studies 3, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1979.tb00238.x.
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Rodrigues, Joana, and Maria Velez. "Transition to the Second Child: from Health to Public Policies." Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & Policies 6, no. 1 (June 2020): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin1/pp.123-137.
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In Portugal there has been a decline in fertility and birth rates, and its recovery is currently related to the transition to the second child, which requires concerted action by those involved. However, the evidence illustrating this phenomenon is scattered in the literature. This article aims to outline how the transition experience inherent to the birth of a second child presents itself in national and international scientific research, and also the challenges posed to research, clinical practice and public policies. It was found that the birth of a second child emerges as a transition in parenting with implications for health and quality of life, with scant research characterizing it. Its study is recommended, as well as the operationalization of a specific professional human career. Public policies can play a relevant role in creating a favorable environment for couples to decide to have more children.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public research and health policies"
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Gómez, Sofia, and Sofia Gómez. "Arizona's Immigration Enforcement Policies: Implications for Accessibility of Care in Immigrant Families." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624470.
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BACKGROUND: Arizona has enacted some of the harshest state-level immigration policies restricting public benefits and services to immigrant families. The passage and enactment in 2010 of Arizona Senate Bill 1070 (SB1070), "Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act", criminalized the act of hiring or harboring undocumented immigrants (Magaña 2013a). Particularly affected are children of mixed-status families where one or more children are U.S. citizens and entitled to public services. There is limited knowledge on the effects of immigration enforcement policies on immigrant access to health services in Tucson, Arizona (Hardy et al. 2012, Toomey et al. 2014). Of particular interest to scholars and policymakers is how the family unit navigates accessibility to care when one or several members have varied immigration statuses. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this dissertation is to explore healthcare accessibility and the healthcare experiences of Latino mixed-status families in Arizona's political context. The overall goal of this research is to identify promoters and barriers to healthcare accessibility in Arizona's immigrant communities particularly mixed-status households. METHODS: To conduct this formative research a mixed methods approach was utilized consisting of three study aims: 1) semi-structured interviews (quantitative and qualitative) with members of immigrant families (n = 43) 2) the use of photovoice, a qualitative participatory research method, to understand healthcare experiences of immigrant youth under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (referred to as DACAmented youth) (n = 7) and 3) dissemination of photovoice results through an exhibition and dialogue with the community and policymakers. RESULTS: The results by specific study aims demonstrate: 1) factors limiting access to healthcare relate to complexity of application requirements (57%); discrimination and fear (26%), and long wait times for application approvals and appointments (13%). Other reasons reported (26%) relate to cost of care, confusion over eligibility of care and misunderstanding regarding coverage. Promoters to care relate to affordability of care (43%); positive customer service (37%); colocation of services (20%) and assistance with applications (17%). Other findings relate to proximity of location, language availability, ease of appointments and employer based assistance with insurance, 2) DACAmented youth shared concerns related to the high costs of medical care, the complicated requirements to access care, limited healthcare options, discrimination and fear while also emphasizing their community's strength and resilience. Most importantly, DACAmented youth sought to be understood, asking that their humanity be acknowledged, and 3) public exhibits, presentations and meetings with policymakers provided additional lessons for both participants and researchers by illuminating the challenges that health practitioners face in delivery of care to mixed-status families (and particularly to undocumented individuals) in a politically restrictive environment and how this impacts perceptions of "deservingness" of care. CONCLUSIONS: The study results indicate that local response particularly safety net programs are vital and offer a platform to respond to the unique challenges that mixed-status families' face especially when family members are deported and/or detained. This study offers lessons and insights on how anti-immigrant and restrictive political environments impact health and how to engage immigrant populations in achieving health equity. Results not only have important implications and relevancy in Arizona but also over growing national fears of family separation and deportations under the Trump administration. Healthcare providers can benefit from the proposed recommendations in building bridges to care to address health equity in immigrant communities. RECOMMENDATIONS: In efforts to continue to address and expand access to care to mixed-status families recommendations include the expansion of safety net programs and training of healthcare professionals and frontline staff to address the unique needs of mixed-status families in the provision of care. Additionally there is a need for increased outreach to immigrant families to provide health literacy programming and know your health rights workshops to facilitate usage and assist in the navigation of healthcare programs to gain a better understanding of health systems. The inclusion of youth voices in participatory health research and health policy development is also at the core of this research. This recommendation would require health policymakers to work differently and to seek ways to engage and collaborate with youth on health matters. Ultimately continued advocacy for immigration reform and inclusivity in healthcare is at the heart of achieving health equity.
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Pena, Ricardo Sparapan 1977. "O apoio institucional como estratégia de gestão em coletivos na saude mental." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312020.
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Orientador: Sergio Resende CarvalhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa busca analisar a intervenção ativada pelo Apoio Institucional para a construção de redes de produção de saúde junto às equipes que atuam nos serviços de saúde localizados no território do Distrito de Saúde Leste (DSL), órgão da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde/Campinas/SP. Podemos destacar que o trabalho dos profissionais da Saúde Mental aparece como elemento central na constituição destas redes. Frente a este quadro, o desafio encontrado pelo Apoio Institucional é desconstruir esta centralidade, problematizando a ação da Saúde Mental junto às demais áreas estratégicas, a atuação das equipes no acolhimento aos usuários, assim como a construção de projetos terapêuticos baseados na integralidade das ações em saúde. Para tanto, faz-se necessário construir coletivamente pactos de gestão que alinhem o trabalho em saúde neste território aos investimentos apontados pelas atuais políticas públicas em curso no campo da Saúde Mental, o que configura o cenário de práticas do Apoio. No curso desta intervenção, as ações operacionalizadas se dão pela presença constante do apoiador institucional nos serviços de saúde e também nos espaços coletivos de gestão do DSL, os quais se constroem cotidianamente. Para a análise da intervenção, os espaços eleitos para a construção dos diários de campo que forneceram os materiais empíricos desta pesquisa são as reuniões semanais entre trabalhadores e apoiadores da saúde mental e de outras áreas, sediadas no DSL e coordenadas pelos apoiadores institucionais ligados ao campo da Saúde Mental. A análise dos materiais produzidos nestes espaços de gestão busca compor uma cartografia do Apoio Institucional, sendo que o referencial teórico utilizado para este empreendimento cartográfico consiste na produção brasileira no campo da Saúde Coletiva, assim como no estudo da Análise Institucional e dos pensadores da diferença. A intervenção do Apoio Institucional é contínua e seus efeitos geram ações de cuidado que podem ser observadas e analisadas ao longo do tempo. Neste estudo, concentramos o trabalho de campo entre os anos de 2011 e 2012
Abstract: This research seeks to analyze the intervention enabled by Institutional Support for the construction of production networks with the health staff working in health services located within the Eastern Health District, an agency of the Municipal Health/Campinas/SP. We highlight, firstly, that the work of Mental Health's professionals appears as a central element in the formation of these networks. Facing this situation, the challenge faced by Institutional Support is to deconstruct this centrality, questioning the action of Mental Health along with other strategic areas, the teams' work hosting the users, as well the development of therapeutic projects based on completeness of shares health. Therefore, it is necessary to build collectively management pacts that align health work in this area indicated by the current investment policies in progress in the field of Mental Health, which sets the scene for the support practices. In the course of this intervention, actions occur operationalized by the constant presence of supportive institutional health services and also in collective spaces of the District, which are built daily. For the analysis of the intervention, the spaces chosen for the construction of field diaries that provided the empirical material of this study are weekly meetings between workers and supporters of mental health and other areas, based on District and coordinated by institutional supporters connected to the field of Mental Health. The analysis of the material produced on those managements spaces seeks to compose a map of Institutional Support. The theoretical basis for this venture is to produce cartographic Brazilian in the field of Health as well as the study of Institutional Analysis and Difference's thinkers. The intervention of Institutional Support is ongoing and its effects generate care actions that can be observed and analyzed over time. We concentrated our field study between the years 2011 and 2012
Doutorado
Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde
Doutor em Saude Coletiva
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Greenham, Felicity J. "How the New Labour Government Third Way policies (1998-2010) and the delivery of the New Deal for Communities (NDC) regeneration programme impacted on participation in health care in an area-based initiative. A longitudinal study using action-learning research methodology in a New Deal for Communities Area Based Initiative." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16922.
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The research examines New Labour’s Third Way policies and the impact New Deal for Communities (NDC) regeneration programme had on participation in health care. This longitudinal study (1998-2007) explores participatory joint working, welfare state, social capacity, health inequalities, citizen involvement and community capacity. It captures the experiences of local community and front-line workers whilst delivering the Health Focus Group (HFG) in the NDC programme. Using action learning reflection techniques, the study analyses a purposeful sample of 15 from the local community, front-line workers, and strategic respondents involved in the NDC health programme. The research demonstrated the NDC did increase participation, joint working and involvement of local actors 1998–2003. The importance of communication, leadership and relationships was recognised as an important catalyst for developing community governance models. The new action learning spaces initiated, designed and delivered 19 new models of joint local clinical, community and complementary health and well-being projects.
In 2001, New Labour introduced public private finance initiatives with the Primary Care Trust (PCT) which conflicted with the local actors’ involvement in the participatory joint decision-making. The reconfiguration of health and social care services and the new public health models introduced complex governance and monitoring models, further distancing the local actors from the process. Strategic staff changes in key governance positions also adversely affected the communication and trust established with local actors. The research concluded operational, tactical, and strategic alignment is necessary to maximise joint participation in decision-making.
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Peters, Lilian Rose. "O Programa Pesquisa para o Sus: gestão compartilhada em saúde - PPSUS como ferramenta de descentralização do fomento à pesquisa em saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-14082014-131103/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O Brasil adentrou o século 21, caracterizado como o século da Ciência e Tecnologia - C&T, buscando discutir, identificar e implantar mecanismos de construção de uma sociedade onde o conhecimento seja o propulsor de conquistas sociais, econômicas e culturais. Tinha pela frente a tarefa de confrontar desafios que se apresentavam no cenário do sistema nacional de C&T, como a fragmentação das atividades de C&T, a ausência de coordenação interinstitucional e a concentração das atividades de C&T em determinadas regiões do país. OBJETIVO: Este estudo se propôs analisar uma das principais estratégias do recém-criado Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Saúde para o enfrentamento a estes desafios, desenvolvido, entre os anos 2002 e 2008 por meio do Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: gestão compartilhada em saúde PPSUS. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, desenvolvido por meio de recursos dos métodos quantitativo de pesquisa e com suporte de instrumentos multivariados de coleta de dados: pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental. No tocante aos dados, foram coletados dados sobre o conjunto de projetos de pesquisa em ciência e tecnologia em saúde, fomentados no país no período de 2002 a 2008 e financiados pelo Ministério da Saúde, em ação compartilhada com Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs) de Unidades Federativas do país e com Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde (SES). As fontes de coleta dos dados foram a base de dados gerenciais PesquisaSaúde do Ministério da Saúde e a base de dados do Curriculum Lattes do CNPq. A coleta de dados abrangeu o universo de 1.271 projetos de pesquisa, fomentados no país desde o início do programa de fomento à pesquisa em ciência e tecnologia em saúde (2002), até 2008, quando teve início a pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Nas três edições do PPSUS estudadas, houve a participação de todos os 27 estados da federação, 213 instituições de pesquisa e 1.151 pesquisadores. Do total de recursos 41 por cento foram alocados pelas FAPs e SES, mostrando uma crescente responsabilização destes como parceiros efetivos na consolidação do programa. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados observados reforçaram a hipótese positiva de que o programa de gestão descentralizada produziu efetivamente uma reestruturação em termos de gestão de C&T, interferindo no aprimoramento das políticas de C&T nos estados, institucionalizando ações de gestão de forma a se constituírem numa rotina administrativa. Quanto à redução das desigualdades na distribuição de recursos de C&T entre as grandes regiões do país, os resultados demonstraram que, nos estados onde as FAPs e SES estavam mais estruturadas foram, justamente, aqueles que mais contribuíam para as ações de C&T. Este movimento repete o status quo, proporcionando a continuidade das disparidades regionais. Porém, teve o êxito de produzir uma adesão positiva para ações efetivas em C&T em Estados onde não havia um histórico nesta área, traduzindo-se num forte aliado para a redistribuição de forças no cenário de C&T.INTRODUCTION: Brazil began the 21st century characterized as the century of Science and Technology - S&T, seeking to discuss, identify, and implement mechanisms for building a society where knowledge is the engine of social achievements, economic and cultural. Its objective was to confront challenges that were presented in the national scenario of S&T, as the fragmentation of S&T, the lack of interagency coordination and, concentration of S & T in certain regions of the country. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze one of the main strategies of the newly created Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Health to face these challenges, developed between 2002 and 2008 by the \"Research Program to the SUS: management shared health - PPSUS\". METHOD: This was an exploratory and descriptive, developed through features of quantitative methods of research and support tools for multivariate data collection: bibliographic research, desk research. As regards the data were collected on the number of research projects in science and technology in health, fostered in the country in the period 2002-2008 and funded by the Ministry of Health, in action shared with the Research Support Foundations (FAPs) of Federal Units of the country and the State Departments of Health (SES). The sources of data collection were the data base management \"PesquisaSaúde\" the Ministry of Health and, the database of the CNPq Lattes Curriculum. The data collection covered the universe of 1,271 research projects, promoted in the country since the beginning of the program to encourage research in science and technology in health (2002) until 2008, when the survey began. RESULTS: In the three editions of PPSUS studied, there was participation from all 27 states of the federation, 213 research institutions and researchers 1151. 41 per cent of the total funds were allocated by FAPs and SES, showing an increasing accountability of consolidation as effective partners in the program. CONCLUSION: The results reinforced the positive assumption that the program of decentralized produced effectively restructured in terms of management of C&T, interfering in improving policies for S & T in the states, institutionalizing management actions in order to constitute an administrative routine. As for the reduction of inequalities in the distribution of resources in S & T among the major regions of the country, the results showed that, in states where the FAPs were more structured and SES were precisely those who most contributed to the actions of S&T. This movement repeats the status quo, providing continuity of regional disparities. But the success had to produce a positive adherence to effective actions in S&T in states where there was a historic in this area, resulting in a strong ally for the redistribution of forces in the scenario of S&T.
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Bosworth, Ryan Cole. "Demand for public health policies /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1192186841&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1176749188&clientId=11238.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-130). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Pozzoli, Sandra Maria Luciano [UNIFESP]. "Cartografia do Processo de Cuidado num Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/11600/41866.
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-03Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Introdução: A prática do cuidado de pessoas doentes em seus domicílios remete a tempos imemoriais. Desde o século passado observa-se, devido principalmente ao envelhecimento da população, uma crescente institucionalização de tal prática em serviços de atenção domiciliar, que assumem modelos e processos de trabalho muito diferentes nos diferentes países. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi conhecer o processo de cuidado no Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar (SAD) de um município de médio porte no Estado de São Paulo como componente da Rede de Urgência e Emergência (RUE). Método: É um estudo de caso no qual assumi um ethos cartográfico em todo caminho da pesquisa, participando da rotina do SAD e registrando em um diário de campo as cenas do cotidiano. Realizei também entrevistas gravadas com cuidadoras e com uma enfermeira hospitalar e conduzi um grupo focal com enfermeiras da Atenção Básica (AB). Como estratégia de análise dos dados, a primeira aproximação do material empírico foi a definição de “Planos de Corte”, isto é, recortes intencionais realizados a partir de elementos ou componentes da política de atenção domiciliar. Na segunda aproximação analítica, foram evidenciados os “Planos de Visibilidade”, cenas do cotidiano que revelam as complexas relações entre o trabalho prescrito (aquilo que a política oficial define) e o trabalho real (como é realizado o cuidado pelas equipes em suas condições concretas de trabalho). Resultados e Discussão: Através dos planos de corte e planos de visibilidade foi possível identificar problemas relacionados à gestão, em particular aqueles que estabelecem limites para o trabalho das equipes; as limitações no uso do sistema de informação; os aspectos positivos, mas também as tensões presentes no trabalho multiprofissional; os conflitos presentes no cotidiano do trabalho; as deficiências na formação dos trabalhadores; o isolamento do SAD em relação aos demais equipamentos de saúde; as limitações da AB para apoiar efetivamente o SAD; a sobrecarga do cuidador e a incontornável necessidade de estratégias de apoio ao seu trabalho e elementos do universo dos pacientes, marcado pela perda de autonomia e, muitas vezes, pela falta de perspectiva de “construção de futuro”, evidenciando vulnerabilidade humana em diferentes perspectivas, e o sentido que cada família dá ao sofrimento vivido pelo familiar dependente de cuidado de longo prazo. Conclusões: O estudo evidenciou que a atenção domiciliar é um modelo de atenção inovador, se assumido pelo sistema de saúde com suficientes recursos humanos, materiais, equipamentos, transporte e sistema de informação ágil e flexível para inclusão de informações reais. Os cuidadores sugeriram que a assistência seja integrada entre os profissionais e com os outros pontos da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS). Há dificuldades para a AB assumir esse modelo de atenção e o empírico indicou a necessidade de haver serviços de apoio social para contribuir com a qualidade de vida do cuidador.
Introduction: The practice of caring for sick people in their homes refers to immemorial times. Since the last century, due to the aging of the population, there has been a growing institutionalization of such practice in home care services, which had assumed very different models and work processes in different countries. The main objective of this research was to know the process of care in the Home Care Service (SAD) of a medium-sized municipality in the State of São Paulo as a component of the Emergency and Urgency Network (RUE). Method: It is a case in which I take on a cartographic ethos in every way of the research, participating in the routine of SAD and recording in a field diary the daily scenes. I also have recorded interviews with caregivers and a hospital nurse, and I have conducted a focus group with Primary Care nurses (AB). As a data analysis strategy, the first approximation of the empirical material was the definition of Cutting Plans, that is, intentional cuts made from elements or components of home care policy. In the second analytical approach, there are the Visibility Plans, that are scenes of the daily life that reveal the complex relationships between the prescribed work (that the official policy defines) and the actual work (that is how care is performed by the teams in their concrete conditions of work). Results and Discussion: Through the cutting plans and visibility plans, it was possible to identify problems related to management, in particular those that establish limits for the team work; limitations in the use of the information system; the positive aspects and also the tensions present in the multiprofessional work; the conflicts present in the daily work; deficiencies in the training of workers; the isolation of SAD in relation to other health equipment; the limitations of AB to effectively support SAD; the overload of the caregiver and the inescapable need of strategies to support their work and elements of the patient universe, marked by the loss of autonomy and often by the lack of perspective of future building, showing human vulnerability in different perspectives and the sense that each family gives to the suffering experienced by the dependent family member of long-term care. Conclusions: The study evidenced that home care is a model of innovative care, if assumed by the health system with sufficient human resources, materials, equipment, transportation and agile and flexible information system to include real information. Caregivers suggested that care must to be integrated among professionals and with other points of the Health Care Network (RAS). There are difficulties for AB to assume this model of care, and the experience indicated the need of social support services to contribute to the quality of life of the caregiver.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Olmo, Neide Regina Simões. "Poluição atmosférica e exposição humana: a evolução científica epidemiológica e sua correlação com o ordenamento jurídico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-24052011-162041/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Atualmente inexiste no Brasil, uma correlação entre a área da saúde e o direito, no que tange a adoção de políticas públicas tendentes a prevenir/evitar, remediar ou minimizar os efeitos adversos da poluição atmosférica na saúde humana. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar a necessidade cada vez mais iminente da interação entre a epidemiologia e o direito, revelando estas áreas, não como ciências autônomas, mas como instrumentos integrados, a serem utilizados na busca de políticas públicas eficientes, em matéria de poluição atmosférica causada por veículos automotores. MÉTODOS: Elaboramos uma revisão sistemática dos estudos epidemiológicos referentes aos efeitos da poluição atmosférica na saúde humana utilizando como base de dados o PubMed, por meio de descritores bem definidos. Esta revisão foi submetida posteriormente a seleção de três pesquisadores independentes com experiência no tema. Foi realizada uma revisão da legislação ambiental nacional relativa à poluição atmosférica, em base de dados oficiais, incluindo normas CONAMA (Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente) e pesquisa dos documentos internacionais relativos aos padrões de emissão atmosférica. Realizamos entrevistas estruturadas com formuladores de políticas públicas na área ambiental, com o fim de análise das opiniões dos representantes desses segmentos distintos da sociedade, sobre o tema em questão. RESULTADO: Dos 2.530 estudos selecionados inicialmente apenas 32 nacionais e 112 internacionais foram considerados adequados aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Dos estudos nacionais 27 evidenciaram efeitos adversos na saúde humana, mesmo em concentrações menores do que as permitidas legalmente e 18 discutiram de alguma maneira políticas públicas. Dos estudos internacionais 78 evidenciaram efeitos adversos na saúde humana, mesmo em concentrações menores do que as permitidas legalmente e 13 discutiram políticas públicas. Em relação aos entrevistados, todos foram uníssonos quanto à necessidade de atualização dos atuais padrões de emissão; quanto ao dever de cumprimento do cronograma de emissões e em relação à falta de entendimento adequado entre a área da saúde e a adoção de medidas de políticas públicas, mostrando conhecimento das pesquisas científicas realizadas e sua preocupação com os dados apresentados. CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciamos então: a necessidade de uma composição entre direito e epidemiologia para elaboração de diretrizes públicas; a necessidade de conscientização da população e alteração dos padrões de emissão e a participação efetiva dos órgãos públicos do segmento político e da saúde. A identificação, reconhecimento e aceitação da complexidade e dos dados das pesquisas são peças chave na interface entre os domínios da ciência, da sociedade e da políticaINTRODUCTION: Currently, there is no correlation between the fields of healthcare and law in Brazil regarding the adoption of public policies aimed at preventing/avoiding, remedying or minimizing the adverse effects of atmospheric pollution on human health. OBJECTIVE: The present study had the objective of demonstrating the increasingly eminent need for interaction between epidemiology and law, thereby revealing that these fields are not autonomous sciences but integrated instruments for use in seeking efficient public policies relating to atmospheric pollution caused by automotive vehicles. METHODS: We built up a systematic review of epidemiological studies relating to the effects of atmospheric pollution on human health, using the PubMed database and well-defined descriptors. The search results then underwent selection by three independent researchers with experience of this topic. A review of the national environmental legislation relating to atmospheric pollution was made, using official databases, including the CONAMA (National Environment Council) standards, and international documents relating to atmospheric emission standards were investigated. We conducted structured interviews with public policymakers in the environmental field, with a view to analyzing the opinions of representatives of this distinct segment of society regarding the matter in question. RESULT: Out of 2,530 studies initially selected, only 32 Brazilian and 112 foreign studies were considered to fit within the inclusion criteria established. Among the Brazilian studies, 27 showed that there were adverse effects on human health even at concentrations lower than what is legally permitted, and 18 discussed public policies in some manner. Among the foreign studies, 78 showed that there were adverse effects on human health even at concentrations lower than what is legally permitted, and 13 discussed public policies. The interviewees unanimously stated that there was a need to update the current emission standards and comply with the emissions timetable, and that there was inadequate understanding between the field of healthcare and the adoption of public policy measures. They showed that they were aware of the scientific research that had been conducted and were concerned about the data presented. CONCLUSION: We thus demonstrated that: there is a need for law and epidemiology to combine in order to draw up public guidelines; a need for the populations awareness to be raised, and for emission standards to be changed and the effective participation from public bodies within the policymaking and healthcare sectors. Identification, recognition and acceptance of the complexity and the research data are the cornerstones of the interface between the domains of science, society and politics
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Franckle, Rebecca L. "Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Their Role in Obesity Prevention Programs and Policies." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201729.
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It is well established that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with obesity and chronic diseases. Although there is some emerging evidence that consumption of added sugars is declining in the United States, on average Americans’ consumption still exceeds recommended levels. Consequently, it is imperative that researchers continue to delve further into the question of exactly how SSBs influence obesity and associated chronic diseases, as well as consider creative and novel strategies for reducing their impact on consumers’ health.
Several important gaps in the research are addressed by this dissertation. Chapter one considers the role of SSBs and overall diet quality with respect to the growing body of evidence that demonstrates an association between sleep duration and obesity. We used linear regression to examine the associations of sleep duration with dietary indicators in elementary school students taking part in a multi-sector, community-based obesity prevention intervention (the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Project). We found that students who reported sleeping <10 hours/day consumed soda more frequently and vegetables less frequently compared with students who reported optimal sleep.
Chapter two assesses whether fast food customers are worse at estimating the caloric content of their meal when their purchase includes a high-calorie beverage (HCB). We used linear regression to examine the association between purchasing HCB and calorie estimation among adult and adolescent fast food customers, and found that among adults, drinking HCB contributes to underestimating calories. HCB may be influencing calorie estimation in a unique way compared to high-calorie food items.
Chapter three considers the relevance of SSBs with respect to proposed changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Using sales data from a large supermarket chain in the Northeast, we used multivariate analysis of variance to determine whether there is an association between SNAP receipt and shopping patterns. We found that SNAP shoppers spent more than non-SNAP shoppers on sugar-sweetened beverages, red meat, and cold convenience foods, and spent less on fruits, vegetables and poultry.
Each chapter lends additional support for a focus on SSB consumption in obesity prevention efforts and will inform the development of prevention strategies in the future.
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Foushee, Deborah. "Prematriculation Immunization Policies: A Survey of Kentucky Colleges and Universities." TopSCHOLAR®, 1996. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/869.
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Immunizations for vaccine preventable diseases are ordinarily completed by young adulthood, and the school system is typically the institution required to determine compliance with state immunization requirements prior to enrollment. In recent years, outbreaks of measles on college campuses across the United States have led to the implementation of immunization requirements. Kentucky fouryear postsecondary institutions are not required by state law to request proof of immunization. The purpose of this study was to assess prematriculation immunization policies of Kentucky four-year colleges and universities. Participants completed a survey which appraised the existence of a university prematriculation policy, the diseases covered by their policy, year of policy implementation, and university departments responsible for initiating the policy. In addition, participants were asked if immunizations are available on campus, which vaccinations are available, if an immunization policy had been considered and how recently, and feedback from students, parents and faculty/staff. The survey assessed the attitudes of the respondent regarding policy benefits/dislikes, need for state legislation, and institutional attitude toward governmental intervention of their policy making. Future research on this topic should address the following: the status of prematriculation immunization policies among Kentucky state postsecondary institutions from an epidemiological/public health perspective; explore in greater detail the reason(s) affecting the institutional decision to implement or abandon a prematriculation immunization requirement; investigate or survey the attitudes of students, parents, and faculty/staff toward vaccination programs; include attempts to interview in person a representative from institutions that did not respond to the mailed survey. Further investigation should be conducted; Kentucky four-year colleges and universities would benefit from additional research on vaccine preventable diseases among college students and information gathered from other states with regard to PMIR policies.
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Pérez, Durán Ixchel. "Accountability for public policies the case of health policy in Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/130818.
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This research is a contribution to the analysis, measurement and explanation of accountability for public policies. Firstly, I develop a proposal to analyze and measure accountability for public policies. This proposal is innovative since it provides an analytical framework that can be used to measure and compare levels of accountability in different kinds of policies (e.g., health, education, pensions, etc.) or in different contexts (from countries or regions to complex multi-layered authority structures). Secondly, I test the validity of my proposal with an empirical application centered in the health policy in Spain, whose decentralized design allows analyzing the differences in levels of accountability of health policies in each of the 17 autonomous communities. Finally, I analyze the causal conditions that can -or can not- lead to the accountability of this public policy.Esta investigación es una contribución al análisis, la medición y la explicación de la rendición de cuentas de las políticas públicas. En primer lugar, desarrollo una propuesta para analizar y medir la rendición de cuentas de las políticas públicas. Esta propuesta es innovadora, ya que proporciona un marco analítico que puede ser utilizado para medir y comparar niveles de rendición de cuentas en diferentes áreas de políticas (por ejemplo, salud, educación, pensiones) y en diferentes contextos (por ejemplo, entre distintos países, regiones o gobiernos multinivel). En segundo lugar, pongo a prueba la validez de mi propuesta con una aplicación empírica centrada en la política de salud en España, cuyo diseño descentralizado permite analizar las diferencias en los niveles de rendición de cuentas de esta política en cada una de las diecisiete comunidades autónomas. Finalmente, analizo las variables que pueden favorecer o dificultar la rendición de cuentas de esta política pública.
Books on the topic "Public research and health policies"
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S, Burgher M., and World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe., eds. Research policies for health for all. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 1988.
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1939-, Kelley William N., Osterweis Marian, Rubin Elaine R, and Association for Academic Health Centers (U.S.), eds. Emerging policies for biomedical research. Washington, DC: Association of Academic Health Centers, 1993.
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1943-, Hannaway Caroline, ed. Biomedicine in the twentieth century: Practices, policies, and politics. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.
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Sarli, Cathy, Ellen Dubinsky, and Bob Engeszer. Public access policies. Washington, D.C: Association of Research Libraries, 2009.
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Andrain, Charles F. Public Health Policies and Social Inequality. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376878.
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Public health policies and social inequality. New York: New York University Press, 1998.
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A leaner America: Private choices & public policies. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris, 2004.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Traumatic Brain Injury Act of 1992--S. 2949: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, on S. 2949, to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the conduct of expanded research and the establishment of innovative programs and policies with respect to traumatic brain injury, and for other purposes, September 23, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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Mills, Anne, Robert E. Black, and Michael H. Merson. International public health: Diseases, programs, systems, and policies. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006.
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Mansnerus, Erika. Modelling in Public Health Research. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137298829.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Public research and health policies"
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Pangestu, Anggoro Adji, and Waluyo. "Analysis the Importance of Government Policies to Address Public Health." In Advances in Health Sciences Research, 176–80. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-206-4_26.
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Belur, Jyoti. "Police Research and Public Health." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 2179–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_138.
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Belur, Jyoti. "Police Research and Public Health." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2779-6_138-1.
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Tonon, Graciela. "Traditional Academic Presentation of Research Findings and Public Policies." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 999–1012. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_145.
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Tonon, Graciela. "Traditional Academic Presentation of Research Findings and Public Policies." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2779-6_145-1.
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Olszewska-Guizzo, Agnieszka, Anna Fogel, Diana Benjumea, and Nazwa Tahsin. "Sustainable Solutions in Urban Health: Transdisciplinary Directions in Urban Planning for Global Public Health." In Sustainable Policies and Practices in Energy, Environment and Health Research, 223–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86304-3_14.
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Pachauri, Saroj, Ash Pachauri, and Komal Mittal. "The Way Forward." In SpringerBriefs in Public Health, 77–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4578-5_6.
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AbstractThe field of self-care interventions is new, fast moving, and multi-disciplinary. There is a need to explore the way ahead in advancing the field so that self-care forms an integral part of health programs. In order to move this agenda forward, a comprehensive strategy is needed. This includes training health professionals on SRHR self-care interventions; providing education to potential clients; making self-care technologies available and accessible to potential users; promoting the use of digital and online resources to accelerate self-care; and providing research-based evidence for the formulation of policies and programs.
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Borges, Rives Rocha, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, and Nelson Barros. "Sustainability Practices in a Public University in Bahia, Brazil." In Sustainable Policies and Practices in Energy, Environment and Health Research, 413–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86304-3_23.
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Carracedo, Sarah, Ana Palmero, and Carla Saenz. "Ethics Review Challenges." In Public Health Ethics Analysis, 107–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41804-4_6.
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AbstractIn the context of a public health emergency it is imperative to conduct research studies that will produce evidence rapidly while upholding ethical standards. The Ebola and Zika outbreaks highlighted the importance of devising agile processes for ethics review in emergencies, and international research ethics guidelines stress the duty to depart from standard processes for ethics review in emergency circumstances. However, before the COVID-19 pandemic it was not entirely clear what emergency procedures should look like. An additional challenge is that while the same substantive ethical standards apply in emergency and non-emergency settings, deciding what these standards entail in the specific circumstances of a pandemic may be difficult. During the COVID-19 pandemic, challenges included identifying thresholds of social and scientific value, along with duties towards research participants, given the absence of therapeutic options; assessing continually changing risk–benefit profiles of studies, given rapidly emerging new evidence; developing appropriate informed consent processes, given lockdown scenarios; and even addressing the ethics of offering unproven interventions outside research settings. Additional issues raised during epidemics include devising feasible and meaningful community engagement strategies, mechanisms to ensure fairness in the distribution of the benefits that may result from research, and equitable and effective data-sharing plans that will inform pandemic response. Learning from these procedural and substantive challenges encountered in the ethics review of COVID-19 research is important for enhancing ethics preparedness for future emergencies. It can also potentially contribute to improving the ethics review of research in non-emergency circumstances. The seven cases in this chapter highlight ethical issues associated with ethics approval of multi-centre studies in pandemics, the need for careful consideration of the social and scientific value of research and challenges encountered when interventions are being transitioned from research to rollout, and issues that can arise when existing regulations and policies may limit capacities to appropriately adapt research to pandemic contexts.
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Dias, Ricardo Cunha, and Paulo Castro Seixas. "Preparing the Future: The Transformation of Public Administration for the Anthropocene Era." In Sustainable Policies and Practices in Energy, Environment and Health Research, 485–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86304-3_28.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Public research and health policies"
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ROZMARINOVÁ, Jana. "Health Technology Assessment. Literature Review." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-12.
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Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is one of the tools that can be used to support rational and objective decision-making in healthcare in the endeavour to contain public expenditure while maintaining the availability of healthcare interventions. The complex process of HTA often struggles to find its place in public policies and faces pressure from various stakeholders. HTA has existed since the 1970s and as a formal process has its roots in the United States. During the 1980s, HTA began to spread outside the US and over the next twenty years, reached almost all European countries, including some countries in Central Europe. The rise of HTA brought about an exponential increase in the empirical studies of HTA available in academic databases. This study reviews the available literature to analyse the development and research topics and the potential pitfalls of HTA implementation.
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O'Hara, Lily, Hanan Abdul Rahim, and Zumin Shi. "Gender and Trust in Government Modify: The association between Mental Health and Stringency of Public Health Measures to reduce COVID-19." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0282.
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Introduction: Trust in government to take care of its citizens may affect mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression, particularly as measures become more stringent. The study aimed to investigate the associations between stringency of COVID-19 social distancing policies and mental health outcomes, and the moderating effects of trust in government and gender. Methods: The study consisted of secondary analysis of publicly available cross sectional data from a global online survey COVID-19 survey conducted between 20 March and 7 April 2020. There were 106,497 adult participants (18 years of age and over) from 58 countries. The main outcome measures were indices for depression and worries. The exposure measure was the stringency index. The effect modifier measures were gender and trust in government. Multivariable regression was conducted to determine the three-way interaction between the exposure, modifier and outcome measures, adjusting for age, income and education. Results: The median age of participants (56.4% women) was 37 years. Women had higher worries and depression than men. The proportion of people trusting (44%) and distrusting (45%) the government was almost the same. Among those who strongly trusted the government, an increase in policy stringency was associated with an increase in worries. Among men who distrusted the government, an increase in policy stringency was associated with an increase in depression, but in distrusting women there was an inversed Ushaped association between policy stringency and both worries and depression. Once policies exceeded the 50-point mark on the stringency index, women benefited from the most stringent policies, yet men did not, particularly men who strongly trust or distrust the government. Conclusion: As the stringency of public health measures increases, so too do depression and worries. For safe and effective public health measures, governments should develop strategies to increase trust in their actions.
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Capriulo, Anna Paola, Aurora Torri, Lia Calloni, Giulia Parisi, Luca De Pascalis, and Corrado Celata. "Gambling behaviour change during the Covid-19 pandemic: public health policies perspectives." In The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Environmental Research and Public Health —Public Health Issues in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecerph-3-08995.
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Ariningrum, Hardini, Harmani Harun, Murni Indah Sari, and Eka Nur Rahmawati. "INDONESIA IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY AND HEALTH FOR THE COMMUNITY IN THE NEW NORMAL ERA." In International Conference on Public Health and Medical Sciences. Goodwood Conferences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/icophmeds.v1i1.23.
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This study aims to analyze the role of the Indonesian government in handling Covid19 in the health and economy of the Indonesian people under the new normal. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, using research results, references and online news sources that are directly related to this research. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the world, and Indonesia is one of them. Indonesia is fighting Covid-19 by modifying its regional isolation (lockdown) policy into large-scale social restrictions (PSBB), which are applied locally based on the severity of the province, district, or city. In addition, along with the increasing number of cases of the new variant of the COVID-19 virus from July 26 to August 2, 2021, the Indonesian government has begun to continue its policies to eradicate the corona virus and implement restrictions on community activities (PPKM). PPKM is extended for each blood differently. For regions, especially Lampung, it was extended from 10 to 23 August 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic requires the government to formulate extraordinary policies. Addressing health problems, protecting the public through social security and protecting business policies are the top priorities. Budget reallocation, reorientation of activities and adjustment of mandatory spending are the main ways the government provides funds to respond to the needs of COVID-19. On the other hand, pseudo growth also refers to the challenges that the economy may face in the second half of 2021, due to the implementation of emergency PPKM and level 4 caused by the Delta variant.
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Andriani, Helen. "Birth Weight and Obesity in Children in Indonesia: Evidence from Basic Health Research 2018." In 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1005.
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Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health issues of the twenty-first century. Obesity in children can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to determine the association between birth weight and obesity in children, as well as the impact that residence has on this relationship. The 2018 Riset Kesehatan Dasar (or Basic Health Research), cross-sectional, Indonesian population survey with a nationwide representative sample, was subjected to secondary analysis. In 2018, parents of children aged 0 to 5 years (n = 71,925) provided height, weight, child's birth weight, and other basic characteristics. With LBW, there was a substantial rise in weight, BMI z-score, and the likelihood of pediatric obesity. LBW children from rural had higher BMI z-scores (mean + Standard Error (SE): 1.39 + 0.03) and higher odds of obesity (odds ratio (OR) (95 percent confidence interval (CI)): 7.45 (6.76 – 8.21)), than those from urban areas. Childhood obesity must be adequately prevented and addressed as soon as possible. Initiatives, policies, and goals are needed to reduce LBW prevalence. According to our findings, children born to LBW in rural areas should be treated as soon as possible with forceful intervention.
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O'Hara, Lily, and Jane Taylo. "The Impact of the Red Lotus Critical Health Promotion Model on Graduates’ Health Promotion Practice." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0110.
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The Red Lotus Critical Health Promotion Model (RLCHPM) is used in health promotion teaching, research and practice in multiple countries. The model is designed to support critical health promotion as a public health practice, and responds to calls to move practice away from biomedical-behavioural approaches to health promotion. The RLCHPM includes of a system of values and principles for critical practice including health equity, holistic health paradigm, strengths-based salutogenic approaches, socioecological science, non-maleficence, and empowering engagement processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the RLCHPM on the practice of graduates from health promotion programs from a university in Australia. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study involving an online survey of graduates from 2008 to 2016, followed by semi-structured interviews with a subset of self-nominated respondents. We used descriptive analyses for survey data and thematic analysis for interview data. Results: There was a total of 95 respondents (49% response rate) and 10 of these were interviewed. Participants felt knowledgeable about the model, and confident about their ability to use it. The model was understandable, easy to use, and important, relevant and useful in practice. More than half felt that the model had an impact on their health promotion practice, however less than a quarter felt that the model had an impact on institutional policies in their workplace. Interview data revealed the need for a step-by-step guide for implementing the model in multiple sectors, access to ongoing support for model implementation, and clearer links to other relevant models. Conclusions: The RLCHPM is well understood and considered to be important, relevant and useful to the practice of graduates. The study has implications for the use of the model in health promotion degree programs, and in professional development programs for health promotion practitioners.
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Chang, Shun-Chuan. "ANALYZING PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS THROUGH TEXT MINING AND SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF COVID-19 PUBLIC OPINION ANALYSIS FROM ONLINE COMMUNITY FORUMS IN TAIWAN." In MBP 2024 Tokyo International Conference on Management & Business Practices, 18-19 January. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.7677.
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In the past, many quantitative studies in public health relied on traditional descriptive statistical data and less on analyzing unstructured text data. However, in the era of close online communication, a huge amount of text information related to public health issues is generated in online communities every day. COVID-19 pandemic should be one of the most important public health events in Taiwan since 2020. Many people express their views and feelings on the epidemic issue in online forums. In this research, the aim is to apply text mining and social network analysis to analyze the sentiment and topics related to COVID-19 in PTT, the most popular online community forum of social media in Taiwan. We used topic modeling to extract COVID-19 related topics and keywords, as well as sentiment analysis to explore the attitudes and emotional tendencies of the online community towards various issues, and data visualization methods such as word clouds and network graphs to present the research results. Additionally, we plan to conduct cluster analysis on the authors and accounts of the articles to determine if there is a phenomenon of specific groups influencing the COVID-19 public opinion. The expected outcome of this research is to provide a reference for the implementation of public health policies and to promote the value of sentiment analysis in public health management. After conducting text mining analysis on the articles published in the COVID-19 forum of PTT in 2021, especially the period of Taiwan's COVID-19 escalation from June to August 2021. The overall discussion volume and sentiment can be roughly divided into three peaks. The first peak started to rise in mid-May and reached its peak in mid-June. The second peak occurred in mid-July, and the negative sentiment was significantly higher than the positive sentiment. The last peak occurred in late August and had the highest discussion volume among the three peaks. In each peak of sentiment, negative sentiment was mostly higher than positive sentiment. Our suggestion is to focus on the following research results that Public health managers can use daily text mining results by our way to assist in judging public reactions under current epidemic policies, and the positive and negative sentiment levels in sentiment analysis can reflect whether policies may lead to a crisis outbreak. Observing the subsequent changes in sentiment can avoid affecting the implementation effectiveness of the next policy or causing a more serious public opinion crisis. This research hopes to promote the value of sentiment analysis in public health management by visualizing the complex online forum opinions into easy-to-understand charts, which can serve as a reference for decision-makers in judging online public opinion.
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Maurya, Muni Raj, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, and Sumaya Ali S. A. Al-Maadeed. "Smart Technologies Driven approaches to tackle COVID-19 Pandemic." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0290.
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The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had led to a global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and raised an international public health issue. To mitigate the infection and bring the sustainability in current pandemic situation, the healthcare system and governments are doing exceptional work. Globally, the implementation of technologies in healthcare systems and diverse government policies has proven to be effective in tackling COVID-19. The rapid technological swift during the pandemic and its role in assisting the fight against corona virus is phenomenal. Various technologies like robotics, drone, artificial intelligence (AI), data communication, mask, and smart sensors, etc. has synergistically helped in mitigating the effect of COVID-19. The poster represents the outlook of these technologies in terms of strategies and framework in which they have been applied for assisting various sectors like the health system, industries, government, and public, etc.
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Yusniawati, Yustina Ni Putu, and Putu Inge Ruth Suantika. "Analysis of Earthquake Preparedness Measures in Students at Elementary School, Denpasar, Bali." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.24.
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ABSTRACT Background: In addition to unsuccessful policies to prepare communities for disaster reduction, the high risk of earthquakes and their harmful consequences indicate that more consideration should be given to social factors in this regard. All community shelters are vulnerable to disasters, especially children, so efforts are needed to determine disaster preparedness factors for elementary school students in Denpasar City. This study aimed to analyzed of earthquake preparedness measures in students at elementary school, Denpasar, Bali. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted at an elementary school in Denpasar from January to September. A sample of 350 elementary school students in Denpasar whose schools have a disaster preparedness school (SSB) program selected by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria were elementary school students grades 5 and 6 in Denpasar City, who can read fluently and are willing to be research respondents. The exclusion criteria were respondents who refused to be research subjects. The data were collected by 40 questions, where knowledge was 10 items, attitude was 10 items, facilities and infrastructure were 10 items, and IEC was 10 items. The data was analyzed by descriptively Results: The preparedness factors of elementary school students in facing earthquake disasters were still low. There were five earthquake preparedness factors for elementary students in Denpasar, namely (1) experience, (2) knowledge, (3) attitude, (4) facilities and (5) infrastructure, and IEC. The dominant knowledge variable of elementary school students is less than 233 (63.7%), the prevalent attitude variable is negative 244 (64%), the prevalent facilities and infrastructure variable are less than 215 (61.4%), and 300 (85.7%) dominant information and education communication. Conclusion: It is essential to be able to improve these preparedness factors with a variety of continuous education and training for elementary students, and health workers should work together with regional disaster management agency to establish disaster prepared schools in Denpasar City. Keywords: preparedness factors, students, and earthquake Correspondence: Yustina Ni Putu Yusniawati. Institute of Technology and Health, Bali. Jl. Tukad Balian no. 180 Renon Denpasar-Bali. Email: yustinaindrayana@gmail.com. Mobile: 087860000191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.24
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Toker, Kerem, and Fadime Çınar. "Institutional Sustainability Management in the Health Sector and a Research on the Hospitals in European Side of İstanbul." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01853.
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In 1987, The World Commission on Environment and Development report on our Common Future formulated the definition of sustainable development and put forward the issue that caused the conflict between environment and development (Harris, 2000). It was proposed for the first time that the use of the concept of sustainable development, which is the most common today, (WCED, 1987), is the expression of "the ability to supply today’s needs and expectations without compromising the ability of future generations to supply their needs and expectations" (Akgül, 2010). Today, sustainability means that businesses should not only create economic value but also be involved in activities that facilitate and improve living conditions (Caymaz, etc., 2014). Within the globalizing economy, the health sector is one of the most important sectors that have taken human life as a focus. The survey examined whether the governance processes of private and public-sector hospitals in European Side of Istanbul are in line with sustainable policies, and if so, what kind of policies they take. In order to be able to conduct the examination, data were collected from the hospitals through the sustainability questionnaire and statistically analyzed in the obtained computer environment. The findings show that the sustainable environmental policy implementations of hospitals are not at the desired level. Sustainable social policies are also at a high level of implementation. The research showed that; it is necessary to increase the awareness level of hospital administrations on sustainability.
Reports on the topic "Public research and health policies"
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Lopez Boo, Florencia, Nicolás Ajzenman, and Giuliana Daga. Behavioral Economics and Health: The Users Journey Method to Design Better Public Health Policies. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012877.
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This brief outlines the challenges of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the pivotal role of individual decision-making in healthcare. It highlights behavioral biases influencing decisions and proposes a user's journey methodology rooted in behavioral economics to identify biases at key decision points, including the decision to be screened, appointment setting, attendance, and habit formation. By showcasing examples and research conducted by the IDB and other institutions, this note demonstrates how behavioral interventions can sometimes overcome these biases and bolster health programs by, for example, increasing risk saliency, reducing hassles, and addressing cognitive limitations. In conclusion, the brief underscores the potential of behavioral economics to shape scalable and cost-effective health policies, ultimately improving health outcomes regionally and globally.
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Chauvin, Juan Pablo. Research Insights: What Can Latin American Local Governments Do to Improve Public Health? Inter-American Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004808.
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Health outcomes can vary significantly across cities within the same country, and within neighborhoods of the same city in Latin America and the Caribbean. This variation is partly explained by aspects of the urban environment that can be shaped through local policy. Public infrastructure investments, especially those in water, sanitation, and public transportation, have well-documented positive effects on local public health. Lower-cost interventions can also improve local health outcomes. These include zoning policies to protect people from negative externalities, the enforcement of road safety regulations, and the building of open public spaces to promote walkability and healthy lifestyles.
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Hospido, Laura, Carlos Sanz, and Ernesto Villanueva. Air pollution: a review of its economic effects and policies to mitigate them. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/27332.
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Air pollution is an increasing cause of concern among the scientific community, policymakers and the general public. This interest has led to a sharp increase in the number of scientific papers on air pollution. This paper provides a summary of the most prominent recent economic literature on the effects of air pollution, the main policy lessons that can be drawn from it, and the areas in which more research would be especially valuable. The literature has found sizable negative effects of air pollution on health and mortality. There is also some evidence that air pollution may have negative non-health effects, reducing labour supply and productivity, although the evidence is more mixed on the latter aspect. The literature also suggests that effects on both health and non-health dimensions may be heterogeneous in a number of dimensions, most prominently age, with more negative effects for the elderly. Finally, more research is needed on which policies to tackle air pollution would be more cost-effective.
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Foreit, James R. FRONTIERS capacity building: An overview. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1005.
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The Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program is a cooperative agreement with USAID to improve family planning and reproductive health service delivery through operations research (OR). Frontiers builds on more than 20 years of research to improve family planning service delivery programs. A major goal of Frontiers is to transfer skills in OR so that public and private agencies in developing countries can conduct OR and apply research findings to reproductive health programs and policies. OR addresses problems in operational effectiveness, access, quality, and efficiency by investigating facets of programs that managers can control and change. As concluded in this overview report, Frontiers seeks to institutionalize capacity building by increasing the number of service delivery organizations that use OR and increasing the number of research organizations capable of conducting and teaching OR. Investment in capacity building will ensure that OR will make a continuing, significant contribution to reproductive health and family planning programs and policies.
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Galindo Paliza, Luis Miguel, Bridget Hoffmann, and Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Research Insights: How Much Will It Cost to Achieve the Climate Goals in Latin America and the Caribbean? Inter-American Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004334.
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Meeting the climate change challenge requires structural transformations in infrastructure, health and social protection, and financial institutions. Climate action calls for a redirection of existing financial flows. An adequate response requires redirecting financial flows to achieve annual spending of 2 to 8 percent of GDP on the provision of infrastructure services and 5 to 11 percent of GDP on social programs. Specific financing sources, such as green taxes and sustainable bonds, can finance part of climate efforts. However, to redirect public and private spending and foreign investment into solutions consistent with climate goals, governments will also need to reform policies and regulations in all sectors.
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Libertun de Duren, Nora Ruth, Benigno López Benítez, Juan Pablo Bonilla, Ferdinando Regalia, Usama Bilal, Ana María Ibáñez, Norbert Schady, et al. Inclusive Cities: Healthy Cities for All. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004459.
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This publication reports on some of the health challenges facing cities. It aims to serve as a guide for public managers and decision makers optimize the great potential of cities to improve the well-being of those who reside in the cities of Latin America and the Caribbean. It is organized in two parts. The first part, Health Inequalities in Latin American Cities, focuses on identifying the ways in which social inequality has led to negative health outcomes, in order to make visible the relevance of the challenge of inequality and the urgency to grapple with it. The second part, Urban Policies for Healthy Cities, focuses on how cities can contribute to improving the health standards in their population. The publication addresses critical issues for urban health, such as the interdependence between physical-social factors and health, the relationship between urban characteristics and the incidence of COVID-19, the connections between social inequality and exposure to pollution environment, the relationship between urban planning and gender violence, the power of urban interventions -such as public transport and social housing- to improve health indicators, and the relevance of having good data to improve the accessibility of health systems. All the contributions in this book are based on data and rigorous research, and present real cases of the cities of the region.
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SUN, JUNJIANG, GUOPING QIAN, Shuqi Yue, and Anna szumilewicz. Factors influencing physical activity in pregnant women from the perspective of a socio-ecological model: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0073.
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Review question / Objective: The main aim of this review is to analyse the impact factors of material physical activity in an ecological model and to analyse differences in influencing factors between pregnant women's PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) , provide a reference for the research, intervention, and policy designation of maternal physical activity. Rationale: In combination with McLeroy et al. (1988)behavior is viewed as being determined by the following: (1) Personal level: the internal factors of the individual characteristics,(sociodemographic and biological, behavior, psychological ); (2) interpersonal level: interpersonal processes and primary groups-formal and informal social network and social support systems,(eg: family、public, etc.); (3)organization level: social institutions with organizational characteristics, such as health services, gyms and may also include influences from health care providers and Physical activity consultant, etc.; (4) community level: relationships among organizations, institutions, and informal networks within defined boundaries，（eg： appropriate facilities、living environment, etc.); and finally (5) public policy level: local, state, and national laws and policies.
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Brotherhood, Luiz, Philipp Kircher, Cezar Santos, and Michèle Tertilt. Research Insights: How Can Public Policies Curb Pandemics? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005364.
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In general, stringent lockdowns are warranted when a diseases infectiousness is high, but less so when only a diseases deadliness is elevated. Optimal lockdown policies for some infectious diseases include imposing different restrictions on different age groups. Intensive testing enables a less restrictive lockdown, reduces GDP losses, and facilitates a quicker easing of restrictions.
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Lin, Zhixian, and Christopher Meissner. Health vs. Wealth? Public Health Policies and the Economy During Covid-19. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27099.
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Locatelli, Andrea, Tewolde Ghebremeskel, Joseph Keating, and Pedro Carneiro. Do public health interventions crowd out private health investments? Malaria control policies in Eritrea. Institute of Fiscal Studies, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2012.1212.
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