Relevant bibliographies by topics / Public prosecutors – Wales

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Academic literature on the topic 'Public prosecutors – Wales'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Public prosecutors – Wales"

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Reynolds and Liston. "Victims as Prosecutors: England 1800–1835." Societies 9, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9020031.

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This paper examines the role of the victim through the prism of prosecutor in the first third of the nineteenth century when England did not have a public prosecutor or national police force and most crimes were prosecuted in the courts by the victim. The selection of cases is drawn from a larger investigation of female offenders punished by transportation to New South Wales, Australia. The cases demonstrate the diversity of victims, the power they held as prosecutors and highlight the process from apprehension to conviction. Historical records of regional English Assizes and Sessions were investigated to identify the victim and record the prosecution process.
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Lewis, Penney. "Informal legal change on assisted suicide: the policy for prosecutors." Legal Studies 31, no. 1 (March 2011): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2010.00184.x.

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Following the House of Lords' decision in Purdy, the Director of Public Prosecutions issued an interim policy for prosecutors setting out the factors to be considered when deciding whether a prosecution in an assisted suicide case is in the public interest. This paper considers the interim policy, the subsequent public consultation and the resulting final policy. Key aspects of the policy are examined, including the condition of the victim, the decision to commit suicide and the role of organised or professional assistance. The inclusion of assisted suicides which take place within England and Wales makes the informal legal change realised by the policy more significant than was originally anticipated.
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Caianiello, Michele. "The decision to drop the case in the new EPPO’s regulation: Res Iudicata or transfer of competence?" New Journal of European Criminal Law 10, no. 2 (June 2019): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2032284419860221.

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This article discusses one of the most important decisions the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) can take: the decision to drop a case. When this happens, the case will either be referred to national prosecutors or to the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) or dismissed entirely. Why is this an important decision? Because it means the EPPO declines to prosecute, prosecution being (along with investigation) its very raison d’être. This is why it is important to understand how and when the EPPO may drop a case. In this respect, the EPPO Regulation (adopted on 12 October 2017) pursues two goals: first, it seeks to leave the EPPO a certain margin of discretion when deciding whether to drop a case; secondly, however, it seeks to limit that discretion in order to reduce the risk of decisions that are arbitrary or based on irrelevant considerations. This article argues that this strikes an acceptable balance between two different legal traditions: the ones inspired by the strict legality principle, such as Italy and Germany, and those inspired by the principle of opportunity, such as France or England and Wales. The article further explores how this balance is consistent with the emerging principles of international criminal law, where international tribunals try the most serious crimes only.
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Leung, Gilberto K. K. "Criminalizing medical research fraud: Towards an appropriate legal framework and policy response." Medical Law International 19, no. 1 (March 2019): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968533219836274.

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Increasing concerns about the societal impact of medical research fraud have led to calls for its criminalization within the United Kingdom, but there has been little discussion of how the criminal law could be applied in this context. The author proposes a legal framework whereby acts of falsification or fabrication may be prosecuted under a general offence of fraud contained within the Fraud Act 2006 in England and Wales. The threshold for prosecution may be determined by assessing the effect of an act on the reliability and robustness of research findings and using a Two-stage Full Code Test modelled on the Crown Prosecution Service Policy for Prosecutors in Respect of Cases of Encouraging or Assisting Suicide. This provides a pragmatic approach to handling an unyielding problem that affects many sectors of society and necessitates the implementation of an explicit government policy aimed at balancing the protection of public interests against the promotion of medical advancement.
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Kroz, M. V. "Action factors of work motivation of prosecutors." Psychology and Law 6, no. 1 (2016): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2016060111.

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The article presents the results of three studies (2000-01, 2009 and 2014) of activity-related factors that have a significant impact on prosecutors work motivation. As part of the questionnaire respondents (more than a thousand public prosecutors of different sex, age, employment status and place of service) were offered to complete the unfinished sentence, stating the reasons for the attractiveness of their work. The results showed that the main factors stably defining prosecutors professional motivation (80% of responses) were socially-oriented nature of the work, its focus on strengthening the rule of law in the country, helping people, especially the poor, disadvantaged groups of population, as well as the ability to meet the basic needs of the individual employee. (Self-actualization, creativity, professional growth, and others.). Other answers (high wages, the prestige of the profession, stability and others.) were given much less. The problem of the reliability of the data and an impact of social desirability were discussed.
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Marinicheva, Anna Yu. "The Practice of Prosecutor's Supervision Over the Observance of the Rights of the Parties in the Contractual Process to the Timely Payment by Customers of Obligations Under Executed Public Contracts." Ugolovnaya yustitsiya, no. 18 (2022): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23088451/18/19.

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Prosecutor's supervision over the observance of the rights of the parties in the contractual process to the timely payment by customers of obligations under fulfilled public contracts is one of the priorities in prosecutor's activities. The most typical violations of legislation prosecutor's supervision reveals in this area are: conclusion of state (municipal) contracts in the absence of the adjusted budget obligation limits; non-compliance with the terms of payment for the goods supplied, work performed, services rendered, which entails additional budget costs; evasion of acceptance of actually delivered goods, work performed, services rendered for state and municipal needs; and others. In order to further increase the effectiveness of prosecutor's supervision in this area, it seems necessary: (1) to strengthen supervision over the activities of Russia's Federal Bailiffs Service, Federal Treasury, regional commissioners for the protection of the rights of entrepreneurs and heads of self-regulatory organizations; (2) for the specialized subdivisions of the relevant prosecutor's offices to regularly analyze the relevant judicial practice; (3) to continue work on a systematic analysis of the causes of arising arrears under state (municipal) contracts; (4) to recognize the positive practice of filing recourse claims against persons responsible for the violations of the rights of entrepreneurs to the timely payment for goods (works, services) delivered/performed under contracts in order to minimize the negative consequences of additional costs (legal costs and penalties) and the non-fulfillment by customers of other financial obligations, including the possible non-payment of wages, taxes, and other mandatory payments. At the normative legal level, it is essential to streamline the control over public procurement activities. In this regard, the author believes that the proposals made in science to amend the Law on the Contract System in terms of creating a transparent structure of control bodies with clear competence and complete elimination of duplicate powers in this area are justified. It is also essential to make the activities of the subjects of control over public procurement activities an object of prosecutor's supervision within the framework of the prosecutor's office general supervision.
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Cashmor, Judy. "The Prosecution of Child Sexual Assault: A Survey of NSW DPP Solicitors." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 28, no. 1 (March 1995): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589502800103.

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Over the last decade, there has been a number of changes in the law and in courtroom procedures in relation to the prosecution of child sexual assault. These changes were intended to ease the restrictions on the admission of children's evidence and to make the experience of testifying less stressful for child witnesses. Court statistics on the outcome of child sexual assault prosecutions and the results of a survey by the NSW Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) of prosecuted cases of child sexual assault in New South Wales were examined to throw some light on the way such prosecutions and the child witnesses involved were dealt with in the criminal justice system. One of the major concerns was that while some reforms have allowed more and younger children to give evidence, full advantage has not been taken of other reforms to ease children's experience at court.
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Friszke, Andrzej. "Delegalizacja Solidarności i uwolnienie Lecha Wałęsy." Wolność i Solidarność 9 (2016): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25434942ws.16.003.13105.

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Banning of Solidarity and the release of Lech Walesa Banning Solidarity made on 8 October 1982. Was the intention of the authorities to close the era of Solidarity. Chief Military Prosecutor Office would, however, bring Lech Walesa before the court, just like other leaders of the Association, which wanted accused of preparing for the violent overthrow of the communist regime. The decision to release from internment Walesa walked away this option. Walesa was to remain an „ordinary citizen”, isolated from public life. Hopes for enforcing passivity Walesa, and the more his capitulation, however, were in vain. He argued that his attitude during the hearing in the investigation against leaders of Solidarity and KSS „KOR” clandestine meeting with the underground TKK and the conversation with the officers SB in April 1983. The ability to process Walesa crossed finally John Paul II, who broke objections communist authorities, met with the leader of the compound during his pilgrimage to Poland in June 1983.
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Friszke, Andrzej. "Delegalizacja Solidarności i uwolnienie Lecha Wałęsy." Wolność i Solidarność 9 (2016): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25434942ws.16.003.13105.

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Banning of Solidarity and the release of Lech Walesa Banning Solidarity made on 8 October 1982. Was the intention of the authorities to close the era of Solidarity. Chief Military Prosecutor Office would, however, bring Lech Walesa before the court, just like other leaders of the Association, which wanted accused of preparing for the violent overthrow of the communist regime. The decision to release from internment Walesa walked away this option. Walesa was to remain an „ordinary citizen”, isolated from public life. Hopes for enforcing passivity Walesa, and the more his capitulation, however, were in vain. He argued that his attitude during the hearing in the investigation against leaders of Solidarity and KSS „KOR” clandestine meeting with the underground TKK and the conversation with the officers SB in April 1983. The ability to process Walesa crossed finally John Paul II, who broke objections communist authorities, met with the leader of the compound during his pilgrimage to Poland in June 1983.
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Padovani, Natália Corazza. "Confounding borders and walls: documents, letters and the governance of relationships in São Paulo and Barcelona prisons." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 10, no. 2 (December 2013): 340–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412013000200011.

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Spanish women arrested in São Paulo, and Brazilian women arrested in Barcelona, often carry letters and documents in folders, plastic bags and envelopes, well protected in pockets, purses or knapsacks. The papers tell of events in the lives of these women, and provide clues and legibility to relationships maintained with people and places outside prison. In this paper, I analyze how letters and documents are products of family and transnational relationships that they can also produce. The paper looks at how they are used as evidence of families and loving relationships that each day are evaluated, and recognized or rejected, by public safety authorities, prison wardens, prosecutors, public defenders, consulates and immigration police. The letters and documents tell stories that are used to substantiate the deportation or immigration of Spanish women imprisoned in São Paulo and Brazilian women imprisoned in Barcelona.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public prosecutors – Wales"

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Soubise, Laurene. "Prosecutorial discretion and accountability : a comparative study of France and England and Wales." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2031.

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Chargés de mettre en œuvre la loi pénale contre les personnes soupçonnées d’infractions, les procureurs bénéficient traditionnellement d’un large pouvoir d’appréciation qui est en général encadré par la loi et par des instructions hiérarchiques que les procureurs doivent suivre lorsqu’ils prennent leurs décisions. Avec une analyse fondée sur des observations et des entretiens dans les systèmes français et anglo-gallois, cette étude comparative vise à comprendre comment les systèmes de justice pénale étudiés s’efforcent de combiner les nécessités du contrôle des autorités de poursuites dans des sociétés démocratiques modernes avec la souplesse et la réactivité nécessaires à l’application de la loi résultant de la marge d’appréciation laissée aux procureurs. Il existe actuellement peu d’études empiriques et systématiques du processus de décision des autorités de poursuites. Cette thèse montre qu’aucun des systèmes observés ne parvient à un équilibre satisfaisant entre le degré de responsabilité et le pouvoir de décision des procureurs. En France, bien que le contrôle démocratique et hiérarchique des procureurs soit bien développé en théorie, il reste limité en pratique, en raison en raison de la primauté du principe d’individualisation dans la culture juridique et du statut professionnel des procureurs comme magistrats indépendants. En Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, les procureurs font partie d’une structure particulièrement bureaucratique et centralisée qui impose une stricte uniformité des décisions de poursuites aux dépens du pouvoir de décision et de l’autonomie des procureurs dont le rôle se limite à des tâches simples et répétitives en raison de la segmentation de la procédure de poursuites. Cette structure autoritaire de contrôle, conjuguée à un équilibre historique des pouvoirs en faveur de la police, semble empêcher les procureurs de prendre des décisions qui pourraient être mal vues par leur hiérarchie ou la police. Enfin, le manque de ressources et une recherche constante d’efficacité dans chacun des systèmes juridiques étudiés ont produit une bureaucratisation de la procédure pénale, certaines tâches étant déléguées à du personnel peu qualifié et les affaires mineures étant expédiées le plus rapidement possible selon un traitement standardisé
Tasked with enforcing the criminal law against suspected offenders, public prosecutors have traditionally enjoyed broad discretion, which is usually structured by legal and policy guidelines defining rules prosecutors should follow when making their decisions. Basing its analysis upon direct observations and interviews in the two jurisdictions under study, this comparative thesis endeavours to understand how the French and Anglo-Welsh criminal justice systems attempt to combine the necessities of accountability for public prosecution services in modern democratic societies with the flexibility and reactivity needed in the application of the law provided by prosecutorial discretion. There have been few systematic, empirical accounts of the decision-making process of these national prosecution services.This thesis argues that neither system observed achieves a satisfactory balance between accountability and discretion for public prosecutors. In France, although democratic and hierarchical accountability channels are well developed in theory, oversight is weak due to the primacy of the concept of ‘adaptation’ in the legal culture and the strong professional ethos of procureurs as independent judicial officers. In England and Wales, public prosecutors are part of a highly bureaucratic and centralised structure which strictly enforces consistency in prosecutorial decisions at the expense of much discretion and autonomy for individual prosecutors whose responsibility is limited to narrow and repetitive tasks due to the segmentation of the prosecution process. This overbearing accountability structure, coupled with a historical balance of power in favour of the police, appears to prevent prosecutors from making decisions perceived as unpopular with their hierarchy or the police. Finally, pressure on resources and a drive for efficiency in both jurisdictions have resulted in the bureaucratisation of the criminal justice process with part of the prosecution workload being delegated to unqualified staff and minor cases being processed as quickly as possible into a one-size-fits-all system
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ALBERTI, Adriana. "The role of public prosecutors in democratic regimes: a comparative study: Italy, Spain, England and Wales." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5193.

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Defence date: 23 June 1997
Examining board: Prof. John Baldwin (University of Birmingham) ; Prof. Juan Luis Rascon Ortega (University of Cordoba) ; Prof. Gianfranco Poggi (EUI-Supervisor) ; Prof. Roberto Toniatti (University of Trento)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Books on the topic "Public prosecutors – Wales"

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Alberti, Adriana. The role of public prosecutors in democratic regimes: A comparative study: Italy, Spain, England and Wales. Florence: European University Institute, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Public prosecutors – Wales"

1

Satterberg, Dan. "2020 Vision and the Five Pillars of Criminal Justice Reform." In Progressive Prosecution, 55–94. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479809950.003.0003.

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Dan Satterberg, the King County Prosecuting Attorney in Seattle, Washington, asserts that criminal justice reform is the civil rights issue of our time. The extraordinary events of 2020 brought new urgency to the reform mission and sharpened the focus of what prosecutors need to do to reverse mass incarceration and work for change. To facilitate that reform work, Satterberg offers a blueprint that he calls the “five pillars of criminal justice reform” that can lead to reforms in such areas as diversion, deflection, harm reduction, public health responses, and reparations. He walks the reader through the scope and horizon of the work that prosecutors must undertake and lead as they look to interrupt our reflex to incarcerate and punish. He argues that it is not enough to deflect individuals from formal processing. Prosecutors must provide a viable alternative: envisioning, funding, and building the “instead.” Satterberg draws on insights gleaned from more than 35 years as a career prosecutor. He offers categorical guidance on how local prosecutors can do justice: preserving public safety but with a smaller punitive footprint.
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Jones, Lucy. "1. The Nature of English Law." In Introduction to Business Law, 3–15. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198824886.003.0001.

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This chapter first explains the meaning of law. It then discusses the historical development and characteristics of English law, and the different types of law (public law, private law, criminal law, and civil law). Laws are rules and regulations which govern the activities of persons within a country. In England and Wales, laws are composed of three main elements: legislation which is created through Parliament; common law; and, until the UK leaves the EU, directly enforceable EU law. This chapter also considers the terminology used for criminal prosecutions and civil actions, and outlines the legal profession in England and Wales.
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Jones, Lucy. "1. The Nature of English Law." In Introduction to Business Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198766261.003.0001.

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This chapter first explains the meaning of law. It then discusses the historical development and characteristics of English law, and the different types of law (public law, private law, criminal law, and civil law). Laws are rules and regulations which govern the activities of persons within a country. In England and Wales, laws are composed of three main elements: legislation which is created through Parliament, common law, and, until the UK leaves the EU, directly enforceable EU law. This chapter also considers the terminology used for criminal prosecutions and civil actions, and outlines the legal profession in England and Wales.
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Jonathan, Russen, and Kingham Robin. "5 Criminal Prosecutions by Regulators—The Offences." In Financial Services Litigation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198846512.003.0005.

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This chapter explores the main substantive financial services offences, their individual components and their distinguishing features. Specifically, it considers the criminal offences of insider dealing, making misleading statements or impressions (either in relation to benchmark arrangements or more generally), fraud, and money laundering. The commission of any one of these offences in England and Wales will risk prosecution by the appropriate regulator, the Secretary of State, or the Director of Public Prosecutions. However, there are a number of statutory defences that relate to each offence. The most commonly encountered specific defence is that of ‘due diligence’. The due diligence defence is formulated slightly differently between statutes, but generally it is a defence for the defendant to prove that he ‘took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid commission of the offence by himself or by a person under his control’.
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"warrants would be to consider in your minds how far this offence exceeds the rest in seriousness. You will find that all other crimes harm a part of one’s life, while outrage ruins the whole of one’s affairs, that many households have been destroyed by it and many states devastated. [10] Why waste time speaking of the misfortunes of others? We ourselves have seen the democracy overthrown twice and been robbed of our freedom twice, not by people guilty of other kinds of criminality but by people who despised the laws and were willing to be the enemy’s slaves and subject the citizens to wilful violence. [11] And the defendant is one of them. Even if he is too young to be part of the constitution in place then, still his character belongs to that regime. It was natures such as his which handed our power to the enemy, knocked down the walls protecting our land, and killed fifteen hundred citizens without trial. [12] It is appropriate for you to remember those events and take vengeance not only on the ones who abused us at that time but also on those who now desire to reduce the city to that condition, and on those whom you expect to turn out evil more than on those who offended before, in so far as it is better to find a means of preventing future crimes than to punish those which have already taken place. [13] Do not wait for them to band together and seize an opportunity to offend against the whole city, but use any pretext on which they are handed over to you to take vengeance on them. Consider it a stroke of luck whenever you catch a man who has demonstrated the whole of his criminality in petty acts. [14] It would have been best of all if the wicked among mankind bore some mark to enable you to chastise them, before any of the citizen body is wronged. But since it is impossible to discover them before someone is harmed by them, at least when they are recognized everyone should hate such men and consider them public enemies. [15] Bear in mind that risks to property do not apply to the poor, but we all alike are subject to assault on our persons. So when you punish people who take money, you benefit only the rich, but when you chastise those who commit outrage, you are helping yourselves. [16] So you must take trials such as this especially seriously, and in the case of transactions in general you should assess the penalty at the amount you think the prosecutor should get, but in the case of outrage you should assess a penalty whose payment will make the defendant desist from his current excesses. [17] If then you deprive of their property people who subject citizens to wilful abuse and if you hold the view that no penalty is sufficiently severe for people whose crimes are." In Trials from Classical Athens, 107. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203130476-32.

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