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1
Vrânceanu, Alina. "Political parties' position and public opinion on immigration." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666993.
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This PhD dissertation is interested in the mass-elite linkages in the context of the immigration issue. It examines, on the one hand, factors likely to influence party responsiveness to public opinion (bottom-up connection) and, on the other hand, the impact of party stances and policies on public preferences in this policy area (top-down connection). Two chapters are dedicated to analysing the bottom-up process. Here, I examine to what extent party characteristics and party system features influence the responsiveness of parties to public opinion on immigration. The third chapter analyses the degree to which individual attitudes toward immigration are influenced by party positions and by immigration policies and policy outcomes (top-down process). The results indicate that parties do not track changes over time in the preferences of their party supporters. There is weak evidence that mainstream parties and parties with low distinctiveness in their immigration-emphasis profile are more sensitive to temporal changes in the mean voter's preferences. In addition, mainstream parties tend to be more responsive to changes in public opinion and in the objective migration context when they face a strong radical right party. Finally, there is evidence of weak but predictable impacts of party positions and immigration policies on individual attitudes toward immigration.Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la conexión entre ciudadanos y elites en el tema de la inmigración. Esa cxamina, por un lado, factorcs que pueden influir en la reccptividad dc los partidos políticos hacia la opinión pública sobre el terna dc la inmigración (conexión bottom-up) y, por otro lado, el impacto dc los posicionamientos de Ios partidos políticos y de las políticas en materia de inmigración sobre las prefercncias de los ciudadanos en esta área (conexión top-down). Dos capítulos de la tesis se dedican al análisis del proceso bottom-up. Aquí, examino la medida en que las características de los partidos y de los sistemas de partidos influyen en la receptividad de los partidos políticos hacia la opinión pública sobre la inmigración. El tercer capítulo analiza la medida en que las actitudes individuales hacia la inmigración están influenciadas por los posicionamientos de los partidos políticos y por las políticas en temas de inmigración y sus resultados. Los resultados de los análisis empíricos sugieren que los partidos no son receptivos hacia los cambios a lo largo del tiempo en las preferencias de sus simpatizantes. Hay alguna evidencia, aunque débil, que los partidos 'mainstream' y los que tienen baja especificidad en términos de énfasis sobre temas de inmigración son más sensibles a los cambios temporales en las preferencias del votante mediano. Asimismo, los partidos 'mainstream' son más receptivos hacia los cambios en la opinión pública y en el contexto migratorio cuando compiten en contra de un partido fuerte de derecha radical. Finalmente, hay evidencia de impactos débiles pero predictibles de los posicionamientos de los partidos políticos y de las políticas en temas de inmigración sobre las actitudes de los ciudadanos hacia la inmigración.
2
Wagner, Claude. "L'ergothérapie dans le champ des professions paramédicales : positions, prises de position et représentations." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Wagner.Claude.LMZ0405.pdf.
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Notre démarche consiste à prendre pour objet d'étude la profession d'ergothérapeute. Celle-ci peut être inscrite dans un champ professionnel plus vaste où existent des enjeux de légitimation et de reconnaissance. Profession paramédicale de la rééducation et de la réadaptation elle implique une formation de trois ans dans des écoles spécialisées sanctionnée par un diplôme d'Etat en ergothérapie. En effet, l'Etat en tant qu'administration est le vecteur premier de légitimation de cette profession, il lui reconnaît la maîtrise d'une technique formalisée dans le décret d'actes. Détenteur d'une qualification, d'une compétence technique spécifique l'ergothérapeute est toutefois subordonné à l'autorité du médecin prescripteur. En cela, dans le cadre de la division du travail médical, l'ergothérapie tient une place " d'intermédiaire " à l'identique des kinésithérapeutes ou des psychomotriciens, par exemple. Dans ces conditions une profession comme l'ergothérapie peut-elle jouir d'un certain degré d'autonomie ? Au sein des professions paramédicales et du monde médical en général les ergothérapeutes ont justement des difficultés à se positionner parce que les savoirs qui fondent la profession émanent de plusieurs disciplines (médecine, psychologie, techniques d'appareillage, ergonomie,). De plus, leurs domaines d'intervention ne sont pas toujours connus des médecins praticiens, des autres professions paramédicales et du grand public en général. Ainsi, la reconnaissance d'une profession telle que l'ergothérapie dépend en grande partie de la capacité des membres qui la composent à mettre en valeur leurs compétences auprès du corps médical, des patients ainsi qu'auprès de l'administrationOccupational therapy in the paramedical field: positions, stand points, perceptions. Our reasoning consists in studying the trade of occupational therapists. This profession can be included in a professional field in which legitimacy and recognition are at stake. Occupational therapy is a profession of reeducation and rehabilitation, that supposes a three-year training in special schools and for which a state degree is delivered. Indeed the state validates the professional qualification of occupational therapists through the decree of competences. However, the therapy performed by the occupational therapists has to be (taken) in accordance with medical doctor instruction. So, in the medical work division the place of the occupational therapist is in the middleman like the physiotherapist or the psychomotrician for instance. In these conditions can the occupational therapists get autonomy to a certain extent? Among the medical world in general the occupational therapists have difficulties to find a place because the knowledge on which is based the profession stems from many areas (medicine, psychology, ergonomics, ). In addition to that, all the areas covered by occupational therapists are not always known by the general practitioners, the others paramedical professions and people in general. So the recognition of the trade like the occupational therapists depends in great part on ability on his members to emphasize their expertise among the medical body, the patients and the administration
3
Mongouachon, Claire. "Abus de position dominante et secteur public : l'application par les autorités de la concurrence du droit des abus de position dominante aux opérateurs publics." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32070.
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En raison des moyens exorbitants mis à la disposition du secteur public, les opérateurs publics se trouvent souvent dans une situation de force sur le marché. Cette position privilégiée engendre un risque accru de pratiques anticoncurrentielles pour les opérateurs publics et nécessite, corrélativement, une surveillance étroite de la part des autorités et juridictions en charge de la concurrence. De ce point de vue, la notion d'abus de position dominante, telle qu'elle découle de l'article 102 TFUE, revêt une place centrale. Loin de nier la spécificité des opérateurs du secteur public, le droit européen des abus de position dominante fonde un modèle à part entière dont la légimité mérite d'être défendue. Connu pour son expansionnisme, il inclut dans son champ d'application les opérateurs publics, explicitement visés par l'article 106 TFUE. Dès lors que les opérateurs publics répondent aisément aux critères de qualification de position dominante, le droit des abus de position dominante permet aux autorités et juridictions de la concurrence d'exercer un contrôle très approfondi sur leurs comportements de marché. Cette approche dirigiste du modèle européen de la concurrence s'explique par ses racines intellectuelles ordo-libérales. C'est, ainsi, à l'égard du secteur public que les concepts ordo-libéraux, sur lesquels repose la politique européenne de la concurrence, trouvent leur effectivité maximale. Mais l'article 102 TFUE n'a pas été épargné par le mouvement de modernisation qui irrigue le droit de la concurrence. Décriés pour leur sévérité et leur rigidité excessifs, les outils de contrôle habituellement pratiqués font l'objet d'un profond renouvellement doctrinal. Sous l'influence de l'analyse économique, les autorités nationales et la Commission européenne, sont désormais tentées de scruter les comportements anticoncurrentiels des entreprises dominantes à l'aune des effets concrets qu'ils produisent sur le marché. La défense du bien-être des consommateurs devient l'objectif ultime à viser. La Cour de justice se montre, en revanche, encore très attachée à sa conception traditionnelle des finalités assignées au contrôle des abus de position dominante. Elle défend un droit orienté vers la protection du processus concurrentiel. Ce modèle conserve une pertinence importante s'agissant d'appréhender les comportements spécifiques émanant du secteur public. Capable d'aménager ses raisonnements pour tenir compte des privilèges et des contraintes d'intérêt général liés à l'interventionnisme marchant, il se présente comme un moyen efficace de réguler la concurrence du secteur publicBecause of the extraordinary means to which the public sector has access, public competitors often occupy a stronghold on the market. This privileged increases the risk of anticompetitive practices being adopted by public actors and therefore obliges the public and juridical authorities in charge of market competition to keep a particularly keen watch on this sector's activities. In this context, the abuse of a dominant position, as defined in article 102 of the TFUE, is a central issue. Far from overlooking the specificity of the public sector, the European Law on the abuse of a dominant position constitutes a model, which deserves to be upheld. The scope of this model, which is know to be particularly broad, includes the case of public actors, which is explicitly addressed in article 106 of the TFUE. Public competitors easily meet the criteria defining those in a market power, and the rules on abuse of a dominant position enable the authorities to control these players' market activities extremely closely. The regulatory approach adopted in the European model for competition can be explained in terms of the ordo-liberal intellectual background. It is in the public sector that this model has been expressed most effectively. However, article 102 of the TFUE has not been spared by the wave of modernisation which has pervaded competition law. The theoretical concepts underlying these widely used regulatory tools, which have been criticized for being too strict and too rigid, are being completely revised. National authorities and the European Commission, inspired by the latest economic analyses, are now tending to judge the anti-competitive behaviour of the most powerful firms in terms of its concrete effects on the market. Consumer welfare is becoming the ultimate goal. However, the European Court of Justice still maintains its traditional approach to preventing the misuse of competitive power: it supports a legal system designed to protect competitive structures. This model is still highly relevant when it comes to examine the public sector conducts. Since its premises are sufficiently flexible to be able to support both public privileges and general welfare, this model seems to provide an efficient means of regulating competition in the public sector
4
Whittington, Joshua, and n/a. "Constructing Australian soccer: the media's influence on soccer's position within the Australian culture." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 2001. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050726.161835.
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Despite soccer being arguably the world's most popular sport, Australia's
national soccer competition has consistently failed to attract the prolonged
mainstream support that is given to the comparable rugby league, Australian
Rules football and rugby union competitions. This is a puzzling situation
considering Australia's British lineage, soccer's British origins and the
game's pre-eminent international status. Indeed, soccer's lowly position in
Australia is paradoxical given the sport's historically dominant status in
Britain and Australia's traditional adoption of Anglocentric culture. Most
research into the situation has pointed to the sport's inability to shake-off the
adverse effects of a lingering connection to post-World War II immigration
and certain ethnic communities. Soccer has, in the eyes of many, been unable
to access popular culture primarily because it has been viewed by the
mainstream as 'foreign' or inherently un-Australian. The sport has clashed
with traditional notions of national identity even though, historically, the
Australian men's national team has received relatively strong community
support.
Strangely though, there has been little attention paid to the role the mass
media has played in establishing, maintaining and even altering soccer's
position in relation to mainstream Australian culture. While some
researchers, such as Mosely and Hay, have criticised the media's coverage of
violence associated with soccer at the domestic level, there has been no
textual analysis of the mass media's role in soccer's marginal position in
Australian popular culture. Considering that the mass media is critical to the
development, reinforcement and maintenance of culture and has been
implicated in shaping entire professional sporting competitions to its own
ends, this is an area of considerable scholarly neglect. By undertaking a
textual analysis of the mainstream newspaper coverage given to two critical
periods in the history of the Australian men's soccer team it becomes clear
that there is marked divergence between the media's treatment of
internationally-based soccer and domestically-based soccer. This divergence
in coverage has contributed to the development of two distinct mediated
'realities' of soccer, which in turn has influenced the game's ambivalent
place in mainstream Australian culture. First, the media's control over the
news production process has given it the ability to send textual messages that
elevate soccer from its traditional cultural exclusion- and establish the
national team as part of the historically dominant Anglocentric mainstream
culture in Australia. This process has been inextricably linked to the
increasing ethnic diversity of Australia's population and the dominant
culture's efforts to maintain, despite this emerging plurality, the preeminence
of a traditional Australian 'way of life'. Second, the media's
messages have helped to maintain the ascendancy of the dominant culture by
establishing the characteristics of modern day corporatised sport as the
'normal' expectation for soccer's development in Australia. As a result,
soccer's future in Australia is deemed to be limited until it is able to conform
fully to the commercialised and professionalised mode of production that
defines the sport overseas.
5
Shen, Hao. "Seam position detection in pulsed gas metal arc welding." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20040823.125740/index.html.
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Lepan, Louise Elizabeth Joanne. "Position paper : the role of the presidency in South African public diplomacy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62646.
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Public diplomacy is an underutilised and underrated instrument in the conduct of South African foreign policy. Its direct and indirect support of diplomatic interventions lies in its value of being able to change the hearts and minds of foreign publics in support of national and international policies in the short, medium and long term. As the principal diplomat of a country the president, and his or her office, drive the foreign policy agenda, utilise the requisite instruments, capacities and structures at their disposal to achieve foreign policy objectives. The researcher's key question is, therefore, what is the role of the presidency in post-apartheid South African public diplomacy? The following related questions emerge. First, what is public diplomacy? Second, how does the presidency drive public diplomacy? Third, how has public diplomacy evolved over the different presidential periods in South Africa? Lastly, derived from this study, this position paper makes recommendations towards the development of a policy framework for public diplomacy and the presidency in South Africa. In doing so, the position paper looks at the theoretical concept of public diplomacy, developments in technology, the media and the overall engagement of the presidency and the efficacy of public diplomacy in South Africa.Mini Dissertation (MDS)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Political Sciences
MDS
Unrestricted
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Hilt, Gisèle. "Vérification automatique de la position d'un patient pendant les traitements en radiothérapie externe par recalage d'images." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_HILT_G.pdf.
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Cette étude a été effectuée dans le cadre du contrôle qualité en radiothérapie externe, et porte plus particulièrement sur la vérification automatique de la position d'un patient au début des séances d'irradiation. Les images de traitement ou images portales, obtenues pendant le traitement sont comparées à une image de référence pouvant être une radiographie ou une DRR (radiographie reconstruite à partir des coupes scanner). La position du patient est vérifiée en 3D par la mesure du décalage entre les structures anatomiques dans les images de traitement et de référence. L'obstacle majeur à l'automatisation de cette tâche, est la très mauvaise qualité des images portales. Leur contraste est très faible, les images sont bruitées et les contours sont flous. Notre premier objectif fut donc l'amélioration de la qualité des images portales par filtrage et restauration. Un modèle générique des formes pouvant être visibles à la fois dans les images de traitement et de référence a été introduit comme connaissance a priori pour la segmentation des images de simulation. Une reconnaissance de forme est réalisée à l'aide d'un recalage déformable du modèle. Les formes spécifiques au patient sont le résultat de cette procédure et constitue la connaissance a priori introduite pour la segmentation des images portales. Sachant que la position du patient est proche de la référence, la superposition des structures de référence sur l'image portale, permet à l'aide d'un intervalle simulant les décalages possibles, l'élimination des segments n'appartenant pas aux formes recherchées dans l'image portale. Par ailleurs, les informations sur l'orientation locale des contours et la transition locale des niveaux de gris traduisant le passage de l'os aux tissus mous améliore les résultats. La position du patient est déterminée par un recalage rigide des images segmentées de traitement et de référence. La précision des mesures est inférieure au pixel en translation et inférieure à 1° en rotationThis research deals with treatment quality control in external radiotherapy, and concern more specifically automatic verification of patient set-up at the beginning of the fractions. Treatment images, or portal images, obtained during treatment are compared to a reference image that can be a radiograph or a DRR (digitally reconstructed radiograph). Patient positioning is checked in three dimensions by the measurement of anatomical structures displacement between the treatment images and the reference image. The main problem met by automation of this task is the very poor quality of portal images. Their contrast is very low, images are often oisy and edges are blurred. Our first aim was than the improvement of portal images quality, using filtering and restoration, in order to further the segmentation. A generic modelling of shapes likely to be found in both treatment and reference images was introduced as a priori knowledge in the segmentation of the simulation images. Shape recognition was realised by deformable matching of the generic modelling. Shape of patient specific structures result from this procedure and is the a priori knowledge introduced in the segmentation of portal images. Knowing that patient position is near the reference, reference structure and portal image superposition allows elimination, from the segmented portal image, of the segments that does not heng to the shapes of interest, by means of an interval simulating possible discrepancy. Moreover, information about edge's local orientation and the gray level local transition indicating the passage from bone to soft tissues, improve the results. Patient position is determined by a rigid matching of the segmented treatment and reference images. The results points out that the overall accuracy of patient position measurement is less than 1 pixel for translations and less than 1° for rotation
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Fischler, Susan S. "The public position of the women of the Imperial household in the Julio-Claudian period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305761.
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Aho, Sebastian. "Upphovsrättens effekter på biblioteken : En diskussion kring bibliotekens position, verksamhet och framtid." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of ALM, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126499.
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This master thesis examines the copyright law with the purpose of sorting out the consequences and the effects of the law impacted on libraries. The theories used are mainly discourse analysis and public domain theory. At the centre of the examination is the effects that copyright law bring to libraries and their ability to perform their work. A major part of this thesis is gathered around the analysis of the presumptive key words that give the structures of copyright law the possibility to claim rightfulness. This is an outspoken strategy to illustrate the discourse of copyright law. Through the whole working process the author is trying to keep a critical point of view. The literature that is used consists to the biggest parts of texts written as an examination of the copyright law and the effects of the law. The author also uses legislations and laws regulating libraries work in society. The goal of the examination is to point out and discuss the friction that appears when one system of intellectual property is institutionalized in society. With this comes the mission of opening a discussion concerning the possibilities for libraries to “keep going strong” in a time deeply influenced and regulated by copyright law.
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Kawaguchi, Catherine. "Barriers women face while seeking and serving in the position of superintendent in California public schools." Thesis, University of Southern California, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3680858.
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Women continue to be greatly underrepresented in the school superintendency. Today, only 24.1% of superintendent positions are held by women—a slight increase from 13.2% in 2000 (Kowalski, McCord, Petersen, Young, & Ellerson, 2010). This study explored the barriers that women in California face when seeking and serving in the capacity of superintendent. Studying the barriers that women have encountered when aspiring to the superintendent position may better prepare other women for the top leadership position in public schools.
The research questions used to guide the study were: What barriers do women encounter while seeking and serving in the position of superintendent? How do women utilize support systems while aspiring to and serving in the position of superintendent? How do women perceive support systems' ability to enable women to overcome barriers? And, how do women use social networks while serving in the position of superintendent?
The methodology for this study was a mixed-method design. There were quantitative and qualitative data collected and analyzed. Surveys were sent to 26 female superintendents in California public school districts. From the surveys returned, purposeful sampling was used to select five female superintendents from Southern California public schools for one-on-one interviews.
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So, Man-chit Amen. "Neighbourhood-level income inequality, individual socio-economic position and health status in Hong Kong : a multi-level study /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36886312.
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Tomaska, Julie Maureen. "Differences in Breast Cancer Tumor Size, Stage, and Survival by Socioeconomic Position in Young Women." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/967.
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Although the incidence of breast cancer in women under 40 years of age is somewhat rare, young women tend to present with cancer that is more advanced and with poorer prognostic characteristics. This research will be important to providers, women and their families and those seeking to clarify screening guidelines. The purpose of this quantitative, retrospective, cohort study was to evaluate differences in prognostic characteristics by socioeconomic position (SIP). The cohort was comprised of females aged 18 to 39 with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer. Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry for all primary breast cancers reported between 2001 and 2006 (n = 14,696). Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to assess to what extent SEP had an independent effect on tumor size and cancer summary stage upon diagnosis, and overall survival. SEP was found to be a significant predictor of tumor size and summary stage at the time of diagnosis. As cancer summary stage increases by 1 unit, women were .14 times as likely to have a tumor size of less than 2 cm versus a tumor size of greater than 5 cm. As SEP increases by 1 unit, the likelihood of having a tumor size of less than 2 cm versus greater than 5 cm increases by a factor of 1.14. SEP was not a significant predictor of survival time. The results of this study have the potential to promote positive social change by advancing the understanding of breast cancer in young women, as well as raise awareness of socioeconomic, racial and clinical inequalities. In addition, it may assist researchers and policy makers clearly defined formal screening guidelines for young women in higher-risk subgroups based on socioeconomic position.
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Hawkins, Clive Richard, and n/a. "The primary principalship in the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory : a study of the changing role and procedures for promotion to the position." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060720.142102.
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This study researched two major aspects of the primary school principalship in the
Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory viz., (1) How current trends in
educational governance have affected the role of the principal, and (2) Assessment and
selection procedures used for promotion to the principalship in the present educational
environment.
The context of the study has been outlined by presenting a brief historical and
organisational overview of public education in both Territories, along with an
examination of the literature on recent trends and issues in educational governance and
promotion procedures.
The research methodology used to examine the questions posed in this study is
qualitative or descriptive in nature. The data was collected through the use of a semistructured
interview technique and represents the ideas, opinions and perceptions of a
specially targeted group of principals and aspiring principals from both education
systems.
The findings demonstrated that many aspects of the role of the primary principalship in
the N.T. and A.C.T. are changing, due to a new set of values in educational policymaking
and increased political control. There was a high degree of similarity between
respondents in each Territory in regard to how the role is being reshaped.
It was also found that the level of support provided by both systems to assist principals
in coping with the changes has been inadequate and that the changes have led to a
degree of conflict and new job-related pressures for most primary school principals.
It was concluded that assessment and selection procedures should be rigorous and
demanding, commensurate with the significance of the position. In this regard both
educational systems need to improve present procedures by addressing perceived
weaknesses. To this end assessment centres may have a role to play.
Finally, further implications of the conclusions are addressed in terms of the necessity
for thorough preparation and training of aspirants to the principalship to enhance their
chance of selection and help them cope with the new expectations and demands of the
position. This responsibility should be shared between the aspirant, professional
associations and the employing education department.
14
Morrison, Devin J. "360-degree feedback implementation plan Dean position, Graduate School Of Business and Public Policy, Naval Postgraduate School." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6046.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.360-degree feedback is a personal development and appraisal tool designed to quantify the competencies and skills of fellow employees by tapping the collective experience of their superiors, subordinates, and peers. Substantially better than the hierarchical, single-source assessments employees are familiar with, this multi-source system provides participants with a comprehensive interpretation of their performance from numerous perspectives within the organization. The objective of this thesis is to develop a 360-degree feedback system tailored specifically for the Dean position, Graduate School of Business and Public Policy, Naval Postgraduate School. This thesis presents a literature review, a case description involving the Dean position, and discusses a series of interviews conducted with key groups of organizational stakeholders. With the results of this research confirming the need for and potential content of a feedback system, this thesis culminates by presenting 360- degree feedback procedures and documents created specifically for the Dean position.
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Haunch, Paul. "The position of blue-collar workers in UNISON : trade union merger and governance in the public services." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392552.
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Oliphant, Quentin. "The Association of Gender and Socioeconomic Position with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/595.
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This meta-analysis investigated the association of gender and socioeconomic position with cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. Public health professionals know the importance of physical activity level as a modifiable behavior; however, the literature has revealed that more research is needed on the association of sociodemographic variables like gender and socioeconomic position with cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. Using the physical fitness and health outcomes conceptual model as a guide, the overall effect sizes across studies were assessed as well as the moderators of study design, sample size, age, and country. A systematic review of literature identified a total of 18 peer-reviewed studies meeting inclusion criteria, which yielded a total of 41 unique effect sizes. Meta-analysis utilizing a random effects model indicated that gender and socioeconomic position are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and that age and country moderated these effects. The positive social change implication of this meta-analysis may provide evidence-based knowledge to public health officials, physical educators, and health educators who are considering changes in school health promotion policies and health promotion interventions geared toward different gender and socioeconomic groups. Long term results include increased physical activity, decreased clustered cardiovascular risk factors, and lowered all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality as adolescents track into adulthood.
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Hinsenkamp, Lucas Daniel. "Extremity of a Persuasive Message Position Interacts with Argument Quality to Predict Attitude Change." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531504453079987.
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Afsharnia, Saeed. "Contrôle vectoriel des machines synchrones à aimants permanents : identification des paramètres et minimisation des ondulations de couple." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_AFSHARNIA_S.pdf.
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Le présent travail apporte des solutions aux problèmes que pose le contrôle du couple des machines synchrones à aimants permanents alimentées par un onduleur triphasé. La première contribution concerne l'identification en ligne des constantes de temps électriques des machines synchrones à répartition sinusoïdales des conducteurs: celle-ci améliore l'efficacité de l'algorithme de découplage du contrôle des courants direct et en quadrature et permet d'imposer des courants optimaux même en régime transitoire. La seconde partie traite des machines synchrones à rotor lisse et à répartition non sinusoïdale des conducteurs, dans lesquelles on annule les ondulations du couple par une modulation appropriée des courants. Une méthode simple et efficace consiste à annuler le courant direct et à imposer un courant en quadrature inversement proportionnel à la F. E. M. Correspondante. Enfin une troisième partie est consacrée à l'autopilotage des machines synchrones à aimants sans capteur de position mécanique. Cet autopilotage est effectué simplement à partir des grandeurs externes de la machine en utilisant le fait que la composante directe de la F. E. M. Induite est nulle
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Fridsén, Ellen, and Victoria Sjölander. "A comparative study of the glass ceiling effect in Sweden, Great Britain and France : Is there a difference in the glass ceiling effect for women in these three countries and do the level of education and type of workplace matter?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84602.
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The inequality of the labour market has long been a discussed and studied topic and today we know that women earn less than their comparable male colleagues. Many studies have been conducted to find out if there is a glass ceiling effect for women in the labour market but most of these have used wages as their outcome variable. We wanted to see if women in the labour market face a glass ceiling when looking at the probability of holding a managerial position. We also wanted to see if there was any difference in the glass ceiling when comparing different countries so we studied the glass ceiling in Sweden, France and Great Britain. In order to study the glass ceiling, we use two separate probit regressions. The variable of interest in the first regression is the gender variable while in the other it is also an interaction term that shows the difference in the gender gaps between the private and public sector. The results show that there seems to be a glass ceiling effect in both France and Great Britain since the gender gap increases further up in the workplace hierarchy while the results for Sweden show that there is a gender gap throughout the workplace hierarchy. We also find that the gaps differ in the public and the private sector indicating that where you work can affect the probability of holding a managerial position.
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Haunch, Paul. "Against the grain : the position of bluecollar workers in Unison : trade union merger and governance in the public services." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412663.
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So, Man-chit Amen, and 蘇文捷. "Neighbourhood-level income inequality, individual socio-economic position and health status in Hong Kong: amulti-level study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724918.
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Mosia, Serame R. "Post apartheid politics and issues of race : the views and position of political parties in South Africa on the crisis in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53554.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Race has been used as an instrument of domination and separation of the South African population for a long time. The dawn of the democratic dispensation in 1994marked a shift from the policy of racial separation to the creation of the non-racial democratic South Africa. However, political parties in this country have constantly re-politicised race in the post apartheid era mainly for political gain. The purpose of this study will be to describe, explain and analyse how political parties in South Africa use the crisis in Zimbabwe to racialise politics in this country. The study will show that the dilemma facing political parties in South Africa is that they cannot avoid focusing on racial issues. The focus is on four main political parties, the ANC, the PAC, the NNP and the DA. The study specifically looked at the following issues in Zimbabwe: the Land crisis, the 2003 March presidential elections and the economic crisis to see how they have influenced political discourse in South Africa. As anticipated, predominantly black parties have shown some empathy with Robert Mugabe's government, while predominantly white parties have called for a more confrontational measure against Mugabe's government. Nonetheless, this study found no conclusive evidence to suggest that the crisis in Zimbabwe has fuelled race conflict in this country. But that race is politicised by parties in South Africa for political gain.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Apartheld-Suid-Afrika was rasse verskille gebruik as 'n instrument van onderdrukking en skeiding van die bevolking. Met die totstandkoming van demokrasie in 1994 het 'n verskuiwing van 'n rasse-beleid na 'n nie-rassige, demokratiese Suid-Afrika gelei. Politieke partye politiseer egter steeds ras in post-Apartheid Suid-Afrika vir politieke gewin. Die doel van hierdie studie is om te beskryf, verduidelik en te analiseer hoe politieke partye die krisis in Zimbabwe gebruik om politiek in Suid-Afrika steeds gebonde ras te hou. Hierdie studis al aandui dat politieke partye in Suid-Afrika nie die fokus van ras identiteite kan vermy nie. 'n Moontlike rede hiervoor is dat politieke partye in Suid-Afrika 'nsolidariteit met hul kiesers wil behou. Die studie fokus op vier van die mees prominente politieke partye in Suid-Afrika naamlik: ANC, PAC, NNP en die DA. Om elke party se stand-punt op hierdie onderwerp te verstaan, gaan die studie fokus op die volgende punte in Zimbabwe: grondhervorming, die 2003Presidensiële verkiesing en die impak wat die ekonomiese krisis in Zimbabwe op die politieke gebied gehad het. Soos verwag, het partye met histories oorheersende swart oortuigings empatie met Robert Mugabe se regering betoon. Mugabe word gesien as 'n slagoffer van onsimpatieke wit settelaars wat vasklou aan hul eertydse voorregte. Terwyloorwegende wit partye vra vir strenger optrede teenoor die regering van Robert Mugabe. Nie te min, het hierdie studie geen uitsluitende bewyse gevind wat aandui dat die krisis in Zimbabwe konflik rasse in Suid- Afrika aangespoor het nie. Dit is egter belangrik om in ag te neem dat die politisering van ras grootliks deur partye gebruik word om ondersteuning te werf.
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Saltin, Anders. "The Legal Position of Correspondence from a Copyright Perspective : With Particular Focus on the Moment of Publication." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14345.
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Correspondence is written forms of communications, for example, SMS, E-mail, or letters, and when something is written, it may constitute a literary work protected by copyright. As there is no formal procedure for acquiring copyright, it is not always easy to determine when it exists and therefore know how to impose common rules. In Sweden, the moment of publication of a literary work is when an author makes his work available to the public. This occurs when a work is presented publicly, displayed publicly, or when copies are distributed to the public. This moment is imperative due to the legal effects that enter into force when a work is published. Until the point in time when a work is published, an author has absolute rights to his work, meaning that it is not possible to use a work legally without the author’s consent. As correspondence is a mean of communication, it is inherent in its nature to be transferred to someone else in order to fulfil its purpose. This means that an author has technically published his work the moment he sends it to someone else. However, arguments are raised in case law that a work cannot be published unless the author has intended it to be. This thesis concludes that both assessments of when a work is published are in fact correct. The important aspect that has to be considered when assessing if a work is published or not, is the intended usage of the protected work. Consequently, one may use the results of this thesis either as an argument to apply unbiased provisions of law, in accordance to their wording, or to apply subjective assessments on a case-to-case basis, in order to find an optimal solution.
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Sjödin, Jennie. "Double Bind Tying Breastfeeding Women to a Liminal Position : Discourses about Public Breastfeeding in the Swedish Media Debate 1980-2016." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354427.
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This thesis investigates cultural associations and values connected to women in Swedish society, with regard to action space, autonomy and social position. This is done through a discourse analysis of the media debate about public breastfeeding between the years 1980-2016, especially putting focus on the female body, motherhood, and women's access to public space. Main theories are Sara Ahmed’s various works on feelings and public comfort, as well as theories about taboo, mainly Purity and Danger by Mary Douglas. In line with early feminist anthropology on women’s subordinated position, this study finds liminality between opposing binaries to be important for the discourse, placing breastfeeding women in a position of taboo and inconvenience. In the discourses I studied, the two most important binaries are the nature-culture dichotomy, and the separation between private and public space. The discourses concerning public breastfeeding are also connected to notions of Swedish Exceptionalism and gender equality, mostly in contrast to beliefs about prudish influences from the U.S. In the thesis is discussed how the media debate about public breastfeeding seems to have intensified from the 1990s onwards, which correlates with increased neoliberalization of the Swedish welfare system, causing changes in women’s life circumstances. In the concluding chapter is brought forth how public breastfeeding is a focal point for several contradictory expectations on breastfeeding women, placing them in a double bind and making women responsible for everyone else’s comfort. It is also illuminated how the binary oppositions mainly contribute to disadvantaging categorizations of women, as well as how neoliberal reforms seem to have a damaging effect on gender equality in Sweden.
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Bronk, Jakub, and Samer Alsabbaghalsmadi. "Antecedents of Public Service Motivation : a Study of Swedish Municipalities." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20066.
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Public Service Motivation is a concept of a rather short history. It refers to an altruistic form of motivation to serve the interests of a broader community and appears in the way individuals react towards motives grounded mainly within public institutions. Public administration literature claims that some people have a set of attributes making them more predisposed to positively react towards the special calling of contributing to the community. Although Public Service Motivation has received increased interest from researchers, there is lack of research about the concept within Swedish context. Understanding the concept of Public Service Motivation and its underlying antecedents can contribute with solutions to problems faced by public institutions. Previous research suggests antecedents of three main categories: individual, socio-historical and organizational. The individuals are motivated by their unique norms and emotions, events and experiences that shape their beliefs and organizational codes of conduct that emphasize or constrain individuals’ behavior. This study aims to fill the gap of lacking research about Public Service motivation within the Swedish context by examining the impact of potential antecedents concerning all three categories. The data necessary to conduct this study was gathered by an online survey distributed among all Swedish municipalities, addressing managers and employees mainly with an administrative role. The study provided some interesting results which can possibly bring theoretical and practical contributions for the future. It has been demonstrated that individuals’ openness and perseverance, along with positive parental socialization, religiousness and political ideology affects Public Service Motivation. The study also showed that individuals that feel satisfied with their job and individuals who achieved managerial position have a higher Public Service Motivation. Public Service Motivation is a topic that is increasingly recognized and debated. However, there is still room for future studies, especially within Swedish context. This study provided research about antecedents of Public Service Motivation and a study of effects could serve as a fine complement.
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Goncalves, Lina. "Socioeconomic inequalities in fruit and vegetable consumption in Stockholm County : a comparative descriptive analysis." Thesis, University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7064.
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This thesis described socioeconomic inequalities in fruit and vegetable consumption in Stockholm County. A comparative descriptive analysis was carried out with the use of secondary data from the 2006 Stockholm County Public Health Survey. The data was analyzed through cross tabulations that were conducted in SPSS. The findings showed that people with high socioeconomic position consumed fruit and vegetables more frequently than those of low socioeconomic position. Differences in fruit and vegetable consumption were found for the three measures of socioeconomic position; education, occupation and income. These differences were pronounced to a larger extent across different education levels compared to levels of occupation and income. Further research is needed to investigate which factors may explain the observed differences.
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Longbottom, Carol Jane. "A food secure world : is the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation in a position to provide this Global Public Good?" Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14382.
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The challenges faced by the global food and agriculture system in the twenty-first century are unlikely to be resolved through the implementation of neoliberal policies, most notably promoting market liberalisation, privatisation and financialisation. Many of these policies have also supported industrial agriculture, which has led to the production of many global public bads, such as significant greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution. However, industrial agriculture is not the only method of food production: sustainable agriculture is better placed to provide a wide range of global public goods (GPGs), including environmental protection and rural livelihood development, in addition to sufficient nutritious food. Therefore, there should be a move towards promoting sustainable agriculture with a focus on eradicating hunger and improving food security. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) can play a crucial role in ensuring agriculture provides the GPGs required. FAO also produces a number of GPGs through its three main roles; measurement, convening and norms and standards setting. This thesis asks if FAO is in a position to provide a food secure world. It also asks if the organisation is in a stronger position to provide the GPGs required following its extensive recent reform. Finally, it asks if a shift in emphasis towards the provision of GPGs will offer an alternative to neoliberalism.
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Longbottom, Carol Jane. "A Food Secure World: Is the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organisation in a position to provide this Global Public Good?" Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14382.
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The challenges faced by the global food and agriculture system in the twenty-first century are unlikely to be resolved through the implementation of neoliberal policies, most notably promoting market liberalisation, privatisation and financialisation. Many of these policies have also supported industrial agriculture, which has led to the production of many global public bads, such as significant greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution. However, industrial agriculture is not the only method of food production: sustainable agriculture is better placed to provide a wide range of global public goods (GPGs), including environmental protection and rural livelihood development, in addition to sufficient nutritious food. Therefore, there should be a move towards promoting sustainable agriculture with a focus on eradicating hunger and improving food security. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) can play a crucial role in ensuring agriculture provides the GPGs required. FAO also produces a number of GPGs through its three main roles; measurement, convening and norms and standards setting. This thesis asks if FAO is in a position to provide a food secure world. It also asks if the organisation is in a stronger position to provide the GPGs required following its extensive recent reform. Finally, it asks if a shift in emphasis towards the provision of GPGs will offer an alternative to neoliberalism.
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Baits, David F. "The influence of chronological age and the perceived activity level of the focal position on screening decisions made by public high school principals /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487682558442833.
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Aïssani, Amel. "Sur la déformation d'un fil élastique et sur l'étude d'une équation intégro-différentielle." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Aissani.Amel.SMZ0036.pdf.
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Ce travail de thèse est divisé en deux parties indépendantes. Dans la première partie, on a traité quelques problèmes d'obstacle relatifs à la déformation d'un fil élastique. Au départ, on a étudié la position d'équilibre d'un seul disque et puis de deux disques identiques rigides roulant sur un fil élastique. On a démontré contrairement à ce qu'on s'attendait intuitivement que le minimum de l'énergie dans le cas de deux disques identiques n'est pas toujours atteint quand les deux disques se stabilisent au milieu du fil et au même niveau et cela quand le poids des disques dépassent une valeur critique. Ensuite, on a étudié la position d'équilibre de trois disques identiques dans le cas où ces trois derniers touchent le fil élastique, on a démontré que la position d'équilibre correspond au cas où les trois disques adoptent une position symétrique au milieu du fil. Le dernier problème traité dans cette partie est sur l'étude de la position d'équilibre d'un carré sur un fil élastique, dans ce cas on a démontré que dans l'état d'équilibre le carré peut adopter une position en s'inclinant sur le côté du fil et cela dépend de la valeur de son poids. Dans la deuxième partie on a étudié une équation intégro-différentielle de Voltera de type convolutif relative à la théorie quantique. Au début on a déterminé les conditions pour que la solution de cette équation soit bornée par une certaine valeur. Par la suite, on a donné des exemples en dimensions 2 et 3 et on a vu que ces conditions sont fortes. Sur le fait que la solution ne peut être déterminer explicitement dans tous les cas, ceci nous a conduit à utiliser une méthode numérique en exécutant un programme Maple en dimensions 2 et 3. On a clôturé cette partie en donnant la forme intégrale à notre équation en dimensions 3 qui est d'une grande importance dans la théorie quantique. Enfin, on a donné une série d'exemples de noyau admissibles dont les calculs étaient faits par le programme.
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Lindquist, Anthea Clare. "The impact of socioeconomic position on outcomes of severe maternal morbidity amongst women in the UK and Australia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ec55671-e8b8-42c6-a777-fb7667b33e6e.
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Aims: The aims of this thesis were to investigate the risk of severe maternal morbidity amongst women from different socioeconomic groups in the UK, explore why these differences exist and compare these findings to the setting in Australia. Methods: Three separate analyses were conducted. The first used UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) data to assess the incidence and independent odds of severe maternal morbidity by socioeconomic group in the UK. The second analysis used quantitative and qualitative data from the 2010 UK National Maternity Survey (NMS) to explore the possible reasons for the difference in odds of morbidity between socioeconomic groups in the UK. The third analysis used data from the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection (VPDC) unit in Austra lia to assess the incidence and odds of severe maternal morbidity by socioeconomic group in Victoria. Results: The UKOSS analysis showed that compared with women from the highest socioeconomic group, women in the lowest 'unemployed' group had 1.22 (95%CI: 0.92 - 1.61) times greater odds associated with severe maternal morbidity. The NMS analysis demonstrated that independent of ethnicity, age and parity, women from the lowest socioeconomic quintiJe were 60% less likely to have had any antenatal care (aOR 0.40; 95%CI 0.18 - 0.87), 40% less likely to have been seen by a health professional prior to 12 weeks gestation (aOR 0.62; 95%CI 0.45 - 0.85) and 45% less likely to have had a postnatal check with their doctor (aOR 0.55; 95%CI 0.42 - 0.70) compared to women from the highest quintile. The Victorian analysis showed that women from the lowest socioeconomic group were 21% (aOR 1.21 ; 95% CI 1.00 - 1.47) more likely and that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women were twice (aOR 2.02; 95%CI 1.32 - 3.09) as likely to experience severe morbidity. Discussion: The resu lts suggest that women from the lowest socioeconomic group in the UK and in Victoria have increased odds of severe maternal morbidity. Further research is needed into why these differences exist and efforts must be made to ensure that these women are appropriately prioritised in the future planning of maternity services provisio n in the UK and Australia.
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Stiti, Karim, and Shih Jung Yape. "Bid Forecasting in Public Procurement." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260258.
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Public procurement amounts to a significant part of Sweden's GDP. Nevertheless, it is an overlooked sector characterized by low digitization and inefficient competition where bids are not submitted based on proper mathematical tools. This Thesis seeks to create a structured approach to bidding in cleaning services by determining factors affecting the participation and pricing decision of potential buyers. Furthermore, we assess price prediction by comparing multiple linear regression models (MLR) to support vector regression (SVR). In line with previous research in the construction sector, we find significance for several factors such as project duration, location and type of contract on the participation decision in the cleaning sector. One notable deviant is that we do not find contract size to have an impact on the pricing decision. Surprisingly, the performance of MLR are comparable to more advanced SVR models. Stochastic dominance tests on price performance concludes that experienced bidders perform better than their inexperienced counterparts and companies place more competitive bids in lowest price tenders compared to economically most advantageous tenders (EMAT) indicating that EMAT tenders are regarded as unstructured. However, no significance is found for larger actors performing better in bidding than smaller companies.Offentliga upphandlingar utgör en signifikant del av Sveriges BNP. Trots detta är det en förbisedd sektor som karakteriseras av låg digitalisering och ineffektiv konkurrens där bud läggs baserat på intuition snarare än matematiska modeller. Denna avhandling ämnar skapa ett strukturerat tillvägagångssätt för budgivning inom städsektorn genom att bestämma faktorer som påverkar deltagande och prissättning. Vidare undersöker vi prisprediktionsmodeller genom att jämföra multipel linjära regressionsmodeller med en maskininlärningsmetod benämnd support vector regression. I enlighet med tidigare forskning i byggindustrin finner vi att flera faktorer som typ av kontrakt, projekttid och kontraktsplats har en statistisk signifikant påverkan på deltagande i kontrakt i städindustrin. En anmärkningsvärd skillnad är att kontraktsvärdet inte påverkar prissättning som tidigare forskning visat i andra områden. För prisprediktionen är det överraskande att den enklare linjära regressionsmodellen presterar jämlikt till den mer avancerade maskininlärningsmodellen. Stokastisk dominanstest visar att erfarna företag har en bättre precision i sin budgivning än mindre erfarna företag. Därtill lägger företag överlag mer konkurrenskraftiga bud i kontrakt där kvalitetsaspekter tas i beaktning utöver priset. Vilket kan indikera att budgivare upplever dessa kontrakt som mindre strukturerade. Däremot finner vi ingen signifikant skillnad mellan större och mindre företag i denna bemärkning.
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Shen, Xin. "L’aménagement durable, un enjeu pour la santé publique : la position de la France dans le monde." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1039/document.
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Lorsqu'on pense à la santé, on se représente immédiatement le rôle des professions médicales, des hôpitaux et cliniques qui traitent la maladie. On ne pense généralement pas aux aménageurs. Mais que faire si l'on invite des urbanistes à contribuer aux efforts de la médecine préventive ? Comment adopter des stratégies d'aménagement qui conduisent à des modes de vie plus sains ?Après les actions conjuguées de la santé publique et de la planification urbaine dans leur lutte contre les épidémies et pour l'amélioration des conditions de vie dans les villes surpeuplées de la fin du 19 e siècle, les deux disciplines se sont séparées. Effectivement, bien que les deux métiers partagent des objectifs similaires, leurs approches méthodologiques diffèrent. Cependant, des décennies plus tard, les deux disciplines doivent se réunir à nouveau pour faire face aux nouvelles épidémies : les maladies chroniques (l'asthme, les allergies), auxquelles il faut ajouter les cancers, les maladies cardiovasculaires et pulmonaires, le diabète et l'obésité, qui semblent liées à la pollution (air, eau, sol) et à l'inactivité physique. Si le développement durable a mis l'accent sur la préservation de l'environnement, il a négligé les défis auxquels font face les populations urbaines défavorisées. L'inégalité territoriale s'aggrave en termes de santé publique. La tendance croissante de la certification et de la normalisation en matière d'aménagement durable peut être considérée comme une occasion de promouvoir la résilience en santé publique. La collaboration entre professionnels de la santé publique et aménageurs devrait favoriser le rapprochement de leurs stratégiesWhen we think about health, the first topic coming to mind is medical professionals, hospitals and clinics that treat the disease. We do not bind up urban planners together with public health concerns. But what if the planners are invited to contribute to preventive medicine? How to adopt urban plan strategies that lead to healthier lifestyles ? Since the combined actions of public health and urban planning fought against epidemics and improved living conditions in crowded cities of the late 19th century, the two disciplines have been both separated from each other. If medical profession and urban planners share similar tenets and strive towards the same goals, their methodological approaches are different. However, decades later, the two disciplines have to be reunited to address new epidemics such as chronic diseases (asthma, allergies), as well as cancers, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes and obesity, which seem related to pollution (air, water, soil) and physical inactivity. If sustainable development has focused on preserving the environment, it has neglected the challenges facing underprivileged population. The territorial inequality worsens in terms of public health. The growing trend of certification and standardization in sustainable development can be seen as an opportunity to promote public health resilience. Should collaborations between public health professionals and planners encourage the approximation of their strategies
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Lu, Linqi. "Framing Genetically-modified Foods Communication in China: A Content Analysis of News Coverage of People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7054.
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Grounded in framing theory, this thesis presents a qualitative content analysis of newspaper coverage of genetically modified foods by two Chinese newspapers- People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis, in 2000-2017. The political, economic, public opinion and legal implications involved have made the reports of genetically modified (GM) foods present different framing, themes, and positions between People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis. This study aims to examine the various frames used in the coverage of GM foods in two major Chinese newspapers that operate within different media frameworks.
Results of the content analysis illustrated that significant differences existed in the newspapers in their framing of GM foods, the themes of GM foods, the positions, news source, and media attributes. While the frames used by People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis were similar in the emphasis on the importance of “Supervision to GM product”, “Worries & Potential Risk/Safety”, and “International perspective”, Southern Metropolis presented a significance of pluralistic standpoint than People’s Daily whose attitude was likely to neutral and pro-GMO. People’s Daily preferred to use the frames of “Advanced Technology”, “International Perspective” or “Economic Consequences”, whereas Southern Metropolis preferred to produce the framed stories of “Worries & Potential Risk/Safety”.
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Trogstam, Marie. "The US Power Position: An Analysis of Foreign Policy Elite Interpretations." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1934.
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It is rather undisputed that the United States has maintained its position of global primacy since the end of the Cold War. According to the current Bush- administration and the US National Security Strategy, this power will be used to fight terrorists as well as to encourage free and open societies on every continent. With this position held by the government, it becomes essential to know more about the US power to better understand world politics. What opinions an American foreign policy elite has on international politics in general and on the US power in particular, can be consideredto have a certain influence on the US governmental policy making and is hence an interesting object of analysis for an improved knowledge of the US power position. This thesis aims to analyse different foreign policy elite interpretations, both of the present US situation and of what can be expected in the near future. In addition to opinions on the power position itself, the question addressed is whether there seem to be any impact of modern theories of international politics among the elite and if these theories are relevant at all for policy- orientated estimations. The result of the analysis indicates at least some impact of neorealism, neoliberalism and social constructivism, while there tend to be no influence of feminist IR-theory. However, as a base assumption in this thesis, most modern theories of international politics are conceived as partly related to a realist tradition in the field of academics, and this might diminish the influence of the separate theories among the elite. Accordingly, nor can extreme theoretical differences be confirmed, neither can the differences be disregarded. A majority of the foreign policy elite representatives describe the present US position as unrivalled in all critical dimensions, with an unsurpassed military, economic, technological and cultural power. The opinions on the expected power position in the near future are more diverging and suggest different courses of development. However, as long as the US keeps the precedence of interpretation and attracts others to American values and ideas, in addition to a solid base of economic and military strength, the US power position will most probably last for a foreseeable future.
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Akbari, Haddis. "Is there a requirement for 'good faith' or a 'duty of honesty' under article 102 TFEU, as regards misuse of public procedures and regulations, when establishing an abuse of dominant position?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19205.
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Heiden, Marina. "Psychophysiological reactions to experimental stress : relations to pain sensitivity, position sense and stress perception." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-879.
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Amrouche, Morad. "La surveillance et le maintien de la discipline dans l'enseignement secondaire public : des maîtres d'études du 19ème siècle aux dispositifs d'aujourd'hui : une fonction problématique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080044.
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Notre thèse interroge la place et le statut de la fonction de surveillance dans les établissements secondaires publics dont elle est demeurée le parent pauvre au regard des missions de formation et de transmission. Pourquoi, en dépit de son caractère indispensable, est-elle si peu valorisée et n’est-elle pas devenue une profession ? Incontestablement, la fonction de surveillance et le maintien de la discipline dans leur évolution ont subi des mutations. Or, de quelle nature sont-elles ? A quels mécanismes de fonctionnement et finalités éducatives répondent-elles ? Et qu’en résulte-t-il de leurs influences sur les pratiques professionnelles des surveillants actuels ? Pour répondre à ces questions, la thèse adopte une approche socio-historique, à savoir une exploration historique de la fonction de surveillance, articulée à une étude sociologique de caractère empirique de la réalité contemporaine de la surveillance et du maintien de la discipline. Elle a pour cadre conceptuel et théorique l’analyse institutionnelle. L’identification et l’analyse des évolutions concernant la surveillance et le maintien de la discipline montrent que ces derniers ont connu des régressions mais aussi des innovations inédites. Au 19e siècle, l’enseignement secondaire reposait sur l’internat dont la fonction de surveillance et de maintien de la discipline en était la cheville ouvrière alors qu’étaient décriées leurs compétences éducatives et le régime disciplinaire vertical répressif et coercitif dont ils étaient l’incarnation. Les tentatives de leur revalorisation visaient la suppression du « dualisme » entre la fonction de surveillance et le professorat. La réforme issue de la commission Ribot (1898) réussira ce rapprochement mais la fonction et le maintien de la discipline en sortiront déqualifiés. Toutefois, au 20e siècle, convaincus que l’avenir de la fonction ne sera pas la voie du professorat, la surveillance et le maintien de la discipline investiront le champ éducatif en s’inspirant des méthodes de l’Education nouvelle où le cadre disciplinaire est celui de l’autodiscipline. Cependant, face aux conservatismes mais également en raison de la cohabitation antagonique d’un pouvoir disciplinaire vertical des adultes et celui transversal des élèves, les expériences en la matière demeureront vaines. La fonction actuelle s’inscrit dans l’accompagnement social qui répond à une « souffrance » alors qu’émergent paradoxalement au sein de l’institution scolaire des dispositifs coercitifs impliquant des institutions dont les pratiques professionnelles de leurs acteurs rejoignent celles des surveillants. Il s’agit bien là d’un contrôle social, notamment, depuis que la notion de lutte contre la violence et l’insécurité s’est substituée à celle de maintien de la discipline. Au total, le principal résultat de notre thèse réside dans la mise en lumière de l’évolution de la fonction de surveillance dans l’enseignement secondaire public, considérée sur un siècle et demi, à l’intersection de sa finalité éducative, de sa place au sein de l’institution scolaire et des logiques sociales qui la sous-tendentOur thesis questions the way surveillance and order are maintained in secondary public schools, but also the reasons why supervising positions have remained under looked. Why these latter, singular and essential, are not valued and a real career path? Undeniably, the surveillance position and maintenance of discipline have changed along the way. But what kind of changes ? To what operating mechanisms and educational goals do they respond to ? What impact do they have on current supervisors professional behavior? To answer that, this thesis has a socio-historic approach with institutional Analysis as conceptual and theoretical framework. The identification and analysis of developments on the supervision and maintenance of discipline show that they have experienced regressions but also unprecedented innovations. In the 19th century, secondary education was based on boarding schools, in which surveillance and maintenance of discipline was the cornerstone even though their educational skills and the repressive and coercive vertical disciplinary regime they embodied was being decried. Attempts at their revaluation sought the removal of "dualism" between the surveillance function and teaching staff. The reform from the Ribot commission achieved this reunion but the position and maintenance of discipline were unqualified. Yet, in the 20th century, convinced that the future of this position will not be through teaching, surveillance and maintenance of discipline will enter education inspired by methods from New Education, where the disciplinary framework is a self-government. However, against conservatism but also because of the antagonistic coexistence of a vertical disciplinary power by adults and transversal by students, experiences in this area will remain unsuccessful. The current position is part of social support that responds to a "suffering" while paradoxically emerge within the school institution coercive systems involving institutions whose professional practices join those of supervisors. It is indeed social control, especially since the concept of fighting violence and insecurity has taken over maintenance of discipline. Thus, the interest of our thesis is to shine a light on the evolving state of surveillance and maintenance of discipline so that their functional logic, education purposes and matter of their right place and role are made intelligible
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Niedzwiedz, Claire. "An examination of the relationship between life course socioeconomic position and quality of life among Europeans in early old age and the influence of the welfare regime." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5531/.
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Background: Low socioeconomic position throughout the life course is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes in older people. However, whether life course socioeconomic position influences subjective outcomes in early old age, such as quality of life, is not well known. There is a lack of life course research that considers the wider structural determinants of health. In particular, it is not well understood if the association between life course socioeconomic position and quality of life is the same across European societies that have differing welfare state arrangements. This thesis addressed two key aims: (1) Investigate whether, and how, life course socioeconomic position influences the quality of life of Europeans in early old age. (2) Examine differences in this relationship by welfare regime. Methods: Two methodological approaches were taken to address the research objectives: (1) A systematic review of quantitative studies examining the influence of life course socioeconomic position on quality of life was conducted, with a narrative synthesis. (2) An empirical analysis was carried out examining the influence of life course socioeconomic position on the quality of life of individuals in early old age, as measured by CASP-12 and life satisfaction. This used secondary data from 13 European countries (representing Southern, Scandinavian, Post-communist, and Bismarckian welfare regimes) that were part of Wave 2 of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and SHARELIFE, which collected retrospective life histories of respondents. Two statistical techniques were used to analyse the data: multilevel modelling and path analysis. Slope indices of inequality were calculated to enable measures of socioeconomic position to be compared. Results: The systematic review identified 12 relevant studies, which varied in terms of the outcomes examined, study quality, and populations. No studies were identified from Bismarckian or Post-communist welfare regimes, with most containing populations from the Scandinavian or Liberal regime types. Some supportive evidence was found for a latent effect of low childhood socioeconomic position on quality of life among women. Social mobility models were generally not supported. High quality studies addressing inter-generational mobility were lacking and few studies examined cumulative and pathway effects. Results from the analysis using SHARE suggested that the most proximal measures of socioeconomic position were the strongest predictors of quality of life. In most welfare regimes, inequalities in quality of life were largest by current wealth, but among women in the Southern and Post-communist regimes inequalities by education level were particularly large. In the Scandinavian regime there were very small differences in quality of life between the least and most educated. Generally, there was little difference in the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in quality of life between Scandinavian and Bismarckian regimes. Support for a latent effect on quality of life was lacking, using most measures of childhood socioeconomic position. The findings from both the multilevel models and path analysis supported the pathway theory whereby childhood socioeconomic position chiefly influenced quality of life through later socioeconomic experiences. However, the number of books in childhood exhibited a weak association with quality of life even when taking into account current measures of socioeconomic position, suggesting a small latent effect for this measure. When stratifying by welfare regime, the potential direct effect from the number of books in childhood was specific to particular welfare regimes and genders. A greater number of socioeconomically advantaged positions over the life course was associated with higher quality of life in early old age, but the results suggested this was mainly due to the influence of socioeconomic advantage during adulthood. The association between life course socioeconomic position (as measured by a cumulative socioeconomic advantage score) and quality of life was weaker in the Scandinavian regime and stronger in Southern and Post-communist regimes. Including a measure of current financial distress greatly attenuated these associations. There was generally a lack of supportive evidence for an effect of social mobility on quality of life. Conclusions: Socioeconomic inequalities in quality of life were apparent in all welfare regimes and were largest by more proximal measures of socioeconomic position. Overall, Scandinavian and Bismarckian welfare regimes exhibited both higher quality of life and narrower inequalities in quality of life, compared to Southern and Post-communist regimes. Interventions to reduce socioeconomic inequalities across the life course are needed, but those which buffer the effect of financial distress in early old age may be particularly beneficial for improving quality of life and producing a more equitable distribution.
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Thévenard-Nguyen, Céline. "Les associations d'amis de musées, leur position et leur engagement dans l'espace public : une approche institutionnelle et communicationnelle des associations d'amis de musées en Rhône-Alpes." Avignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AVIG1029.
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Ce travail vise à établir un portrait exhaustif des associations d'amis de musées en Rhône-Alpes. Il s'agit, à partir du cadre de l'espace public, de dépasser les conceptions habituelles liées à cet acteur culturel connu, mais peu étudié isolément. En ce sens, nous pensons que sa présence dans l'espace public (sa " sortie du secret ") nous permet de prendre une photographie de groupe qui sorte de la " convention " selon laquelle l'association d'amis de musée constitue " seulement " un soutien au musée. Pour y parvenir, notre travail se base sur un corpus de documents traitant des sociétés d'amis de musées. Nous proposons alors un dispositif d'analyse basé autour de deux lectures complémentaires. La première est informationnelle et vise à produire une typologie institutionnelle selon les positions des sociétés d'amis. Il s'agit de classer ces dernières selon des données objectives placées dans tous les documents traitant de ces organisations. Trois positions sont ainsi repérables ; elles sont définies à partir de critères thématique et chronologique. La seconde analyse est communicationnelle. Elle s'appuie sur l'analyse de tous documents collectifs et écrits émanant de l'association et d'entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès d'elles et de certains conservateurs. Textes et images nous servent alors à déterminer quelles sont les modalités d'engagement affichées par les sociétés, depuis leurs médias. Autrement dit, nous tenterons de répondre à la question suivante : de quelle(s) manière(s) les associations se donnent-elles à voir dans l'espace public ? Deux constats s'imposent : le premier est de comprendre que malgré un soutien affiché au musée, il existe en réalité trois façons de l'afficher, les manières de faire variant selon les positions institutionnelles déjà évoquées. Le second point montre qu'il est possible de dépasser la notion de soutien puisque cinq modalités d'engagement coexistent dans l'espace public, faisant vaciller l'idéal du soutien au musée
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Loh, Irene Joo Phaik. "The constitutional position of the British Civil Service : an assessment of the impact of managerialism on the notion of 'the servant of the Crown' via a case study of HM Prison Service." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8058.
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The institution of the civil service is of much contemporary interest here in Britain and elsewhere. The phenomenon of civil service reform forms a significant part of the wider movement to remould public services or in the now legendary phrase, to ‘reinvent government’ on what could be perceived as a global scale, ranging from the more sophisticated democracies such as in the USA, Britain, Sweden, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, to the newly emerging ones such as Eastern Europe and South Africa. The apparent trend of globalisation is arguably not only confined to the field of public service reform; it can also be seen in other contexts such as the growth of the intergovernmental cooperations within Europe and the Far-East, as well as the proliferation of the Information Superhighway which facilitates an electronic exchange of ideas across geographical frontiers. The reasons for this apparent global convergence fall outside the immediate province of this chapter. This thesis questions one of the enigmas of the modern British constitution, which is that the civil service does not have a statutory footing. So, it is the Executive rather than Parliament which has the prerogative power of regulating the civil service. The enigma is encapsulated in the position where the Executive regulates the civil service, which in turn serves the Executive qua their historical status as 'servants of the Crown'. The thesis is concerned with the cumulative impact of managerial reforms within the British civil service during the Conservative administration from 1979 - 1997 on the idea of civil servants as 'servants of the Crown'. It argues that the key managerial initiatives introduced into the civil service by the Conservative government during this period, illustrate the dangers of the notion of 'servant of the Crown' being captured by the Executive for their short-term political ends. The thesis shows that the managerial transformation collides not only with established constitutional doctrines relating to the civil service but also with the broader norm or theory of constitutionalism embedded in British constitutional history.
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Vaadre, Marie. "Estlands och Rysslands internationella position : konflikten gällande förflyttningen av den sovjetiska bronsstatyn i Tallinn." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1176.
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During the spring 2007 Estonia and Russia collided in the biggest international conflict among themselves since the break up of the Soviet Union. The conflict concerned about the issue of Estonia’s removal of a soviet bronze statue from central Tallinn to a garden of honour, due to Estonia thought that the statue represented oppression. Chaos developed in Tallinn with disturbances and plunder. The relations between Estonia and Russia became very strained, as Russia considered the movement of the statue wrong. This thesis has examined how the two parties have handled this international conflict through measure how international they are from an official perspective. An examination has been made to see how well the two nations follow the official perspective in a real case. To be able to measure internationalism, a model by Kjell Goldmann has been used, where the idealistic internationalist should follow a certain pat-tern; outward-looking, universalism, coexistence-orientated, moderate. The re-sult showed that Estonia follows the idealistic international pattern owing to a well developed cooperation and membership in international organizations. While Russia ended up in the opposite side, the non internationalist pattern, due to difficulties with cooperation and too much inward looking approach towards the own country.
Våren 2007 hamnade Estland och Ryssland i den största internationella konflikten sinsemellan sedan sönderfallet av Sovjetunionen. Konflikten handlade om att Estland flyttade en sovjetisk bronsstaty från centrala Tal-linn till en krigskyrkogård, då man tyckte att den symboliserade förtryck. I Tallinn blev det ett kaos med oroligheter och plundring som följd. Relatio-nerna mellan Estland och Ryssland blev mycket ansträngda, då Ryssland an-såg att det var fel av Estland att flytta statyn. Denna uppsats har undersökt hur de båda parterna hanterade denna internationella konflikt genom att först mäta hur internationella de var utifrån ett officiellt perspektiv. För att sedan studera om de handlade i en internationell konflikt utifrån den offici-ella bilden. För att kunna mäta internationalism har en modell av Kjell Goldmann använts, där den idealistiske internationalisten skall vara enligt följande mönster; utåtsträvande, universell, samarbetsorienterad och mode-rat. Resultatet visade att Estland följer det idealistiska internationella mönst-ret tack vare ett mycket utvecklat samarbete och medlemskap i olika inter-nationella organisationer. Medan Ryssland hamnade på motsatt icke idealis-tisk internationalistisk sida på grund av svårigheter för internationella sam-arbeten och för mycket inåtsträvan till det egna landet.
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Hägglund, Alma. "Samband mellan senaste lunchställe och kostkvalitet, spenderade pengar, socioekonomiska position eller kön för gymnasieelever : En kvantitativ undersökning av gymnasieelever med lunchbetalmedel istället för skolmatsal." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-40922.
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Flera svenska gymnasieskolor ger eleverna ett lunchbetalmedel giltigt hos utvaldamatåterförsäljare, istället för att servera lunch i skolmatsal. Kunskap saknas om antaletelever som omfattas av systemet och dess eventuella påverkan på dem. Syftet var attundersöka om det fanns samband mellan vilken typ av matåterförsäljare somgymnasieelever med lunchbetalmedel använde och deras kostkvalitet, spenderadepengar i samband med lunch, socioekonomiska position eller kön. Vidare att undersökavilka faktorer som påverkade matåterförsäljarvalet och om dessa faktorer hade sambandvilken matåterförsäljartyp som valdes. Undersökningen genomfördes som en ickeexperimentell tvärsnittsstudie där elever vid två gymnasieskolor fick fylla i enwebbaserad enkät. Fisher’s exact test användes för att undersöka eventuella sambandmellan vald typ av matåterförsäljare och kostkvalitet, spenderade pengar, viktigastefaktor vid val av matåterförsäljare, socioekonomisk position eller kön. Resultatet visadeett signifikant samband mellan att ha valt en snabbmatsrestaurang och att oftare drickasockersötade drycker. Undersökningen hade dock få deltagare, varför en upprepningmed fler deltagare skulle kunna ge mer robusta resultat.Betyg i Ladok 210114.
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Gideon, Andrea Katharina. "European higher education institutions under EU law constraints : an interdisciplinary analysis of the position of European higher education institutions between directly applicable EU law and their public service mission." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7834/.
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This thesis investigates the impact of EU law and policy on the Member States' higher education institution (HEI) sectors with a particular emphasis on the exposure of research in universities to EU competition law. This study is exception-ally well-suited to illustrate how applying EU economic law to formerly public sec-tors can create tensions between the economic and the social in the EU. Given the reluctance of the Member States to openly develop an EU level HEI policy, these tensions appear as unintended consequences of the traditional application of Treaty provisions such as those on Union citizenship, free movement and competition to the HEI sector which may endanger the traditional non-economic mission of European HEIs. Whilst the effects of Union citizenship and free movement law on HEIs have received some attention, the impact of EU competition law constitutes a largely unexplored site. This thesis submits that intended and unintended consequences of the EU economic constitutions are enhanced by a parallel tendency of Member States to commercialise formerly public sectors such as the HEI sector. Here, commercialisation is mirrored in offering study places only against substantive fees instead of as a public service funded from the public purse and in encouraging universities to compete for public research funding as well as to attract funding from the private sector. This kind of commercialisation makes HEIs vulnerable to the seemingly inevitable pulls of internal market law which might, in turn, lead to further commercialisation. This thesis investigates the potential problems through doctrinal analysis and a qualitative study focussing on the exposure of HEI research to EU competition law as an under-researched example of exposure to economic constraints. It concludes that such exposure may compromise the wider aims that research intensive universities pursue in the public interest.
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Nascimento, Isabel Castro do. "Do Capital Social ao Capital Económico das Grandes Empresas de Construção e obras Públicas em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2785.
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Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das OrganizaçõesO capital social enquanto recurso disponível em redes de relações sociais parece ter adquirido algum consenso na sua definição. Porém, as formas como este recurso é potenciado, gerado e capturado nessas mesmas redes de relações sociais não são ainda consensuais, assim como parece difícil chegar a um acordo académico e/ou científico sobre os métodos de medição da "valorização" deste recurso. Para alguns investigadores, a valorização do capital social reside na obtenção de status, reputação e poder, para outros residirá antes na prossecução de acções instrumentais que levem apenas à obtenção de benefícios decorrentes dessas mesmas relações como, por exemplo, conseguir um emprego melhor, conseguir um local de residência mais seguro ou apenas estar inserido numa rede maior de relações sociais. No presente projecto, interessou-nos analisar as redes de relações que as grandes empresas de construção e obras públicas estabeleceram entre si e entre os sectores institucionais entre 2000 e 2007. Com a avaliação do seu posicionamento económico em Portugal e do seu posicionamento nos mercados públicos, através do estabelecimento de consórcios, pretendemos inferir sobre a natureza da relação existente entre uma posição e a outra. As conclusões preliminares a que se chegaram no presente estudo, parecem levar à afirmação de que as grandes empresas de construção e obras públicas que se encontram posicionadas economicamente nos níveis mais elevados, atingem também as posições mais elevadas em termos de densidade de relações estabelecidas com outras empresas e com os sectores institucionais. Ou seja, há uma correlação positiva entre posicionamento económico e posicionamento na rede de relações. Inversamente, as empresas posicionadas economicamente em níveis menos elevados, possuem também redes de relações menos densas, sendo, por isso, consideradas menos influentes e com menos status.
Social capital as a resource available on social networks seems to have gained some consensus on its definition. However, the ways in which this resource is enhanced, created, captured in these social networks, has no consensus yet, and it seems difficult to reach a research consensus about the methods on how to measure the "valorisation" of this resource. For some researchers, the enhancement of social capital is in status; reputation and power attainment, for others is in the way of instrumental actions that leads only to obtain benefits from the social networks, such as get a better job, to leave in a residence more secure or just be inserted into a larger social networks. In this project, interested we analyze the social networks between the large firms in construction and public works and between this firms and the institutional sectors in the years 2000 to 2007. With the economic evaluation of their position in Portugal and its positioning in the civil society, through the establishment of association firms, we investigate the nature of the relationship between a position and another. The preliminary conclusions reached in this study, appear to lead to the statement that large enterprises in construction and public works that are economically positioned at higher levels, also strike the higher positions in terms of density of their relationships with other firms and with institutional sectors. That is, a positive correlation exits between economic and network position. Conversely, the firms that are located in economically lower levels, have also less dense social networks, so these firms may be considered to have less powerful and to have less reputation.
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Picolini, Ana Claudia. "Sistemática de seleção de servidores para as funções de confiança, baseada na abordagem das competências." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7140.
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Aiming to contribute to a process of servants’ selection for rewarded positions (positions of trust) more rational and sustainable in the public context, the general goal of this research was to propose a systematic to the servants’ selection for the positions of trust, according to the competency-based approach. The method used was action-based research and the studied organization was Votuporanga Campus of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo. The results achieved were the development of a systematic to the selection of servants, which included mapping processes of the work, the competencies mapping and the development of a Selection Matrix. From the results obtained and the theoretical discussion it was possible to conclude that the selection systematic proposal may contribute to the selection process rationalization of servants by providing insights according to the competency-based approach. It also minimizes the use of subjective preferences criteria for the position of trust designation, through the establishment of selection mechanisms based on competencies and the servant work situation in positions of trust to be occupied, respecting the appointment and resignation freedom that the law assures to the holder of nominating power.
Visando contribuir para um processo de seleção de servidores para funções gratificadas (cargos de confiança) mais racional e sustentável no contexto público, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi propor uma sistemática para a seleção de servidores para as funções de confiança, baseada na abordagem das competências. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa-ação e a organização estudada o Campus Votuporanga do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo. Os resultados alcançados foram a elaboração de uma sistemática para a seleção de servidores, que compreendeu o mapeamento dos processos de trabalho, o mapeamento de competências e a elaboração de uma Matriz de Seleção. A partir dos resultados alcançados e da discussão teórica foi possível concluir que a sistemática de seleção proposta pôde contribuir para a racionalização do processo de seleção de servidores, ao fornecer insights baseados na abordagem das competências. Além disso, a sistemática minimiza a aplicação de critérios de preferências subjetivas para designação das funções de confiança, diante do estabelecimento de mecanismos de seleção baseados em competências e na situação de trabalho do servidor na função de confiança a ser ocupada, respeitando a liberdade de nomeação e exoneração que a lei assegura ao detentor do poder nomeante.
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Labbouz, Sophie. "Le choix du tracé d'une ligne de transport en commun en site propre et de la position de sa plateforme en milieu urbain : l'utilisation des outils mathématiques au service de la concertation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468607.
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La prise en compte accrue de l'environnement et des nuisances dues à l'usage massif de l'automobile influence les politiques de mobilité des agglomérations françaises. De plus en plus, celles-ci se dotent d'un réseau de transport en commun en site propre ; l'idée est de rendre les transports collectifs plus attractifs pour les usagers et donc plus compétitifs par rapport à la voiture particulière. Pour toutes ces villes se pose alors la question de l'insertion de ces lignes de transport en commun à deux échelles spatiales : au niveau de la ville avec la détermination du tracé de la ligne de transport et au niveau de la voirie avec la position du site propre au sein de l'espace public et la répartition des autres usagers au sein de cet espace. Les projets de transport suscitent de l'intérêt de la part de la population locale et nombreux sont les acteurs qui souhaitent y participer. La multiplicité des acteurs concernés par le projet, et surtout la différence de points de vue qu'ils défendent, peuvent alors engendrer des blocages dans le déroulement du projet, allant parfois jusqu'à sa suspension. L'objectif de notre recherche est d'élaborer un processus permettant de déterminer d'une part le tracé de la ligne de transport et d'autre part l'implantation de la plateforme de transport et la répartition des usagers au sein de l'espace public. Ce processus doit prendre en compte les aspects liés au transport, ceux liés à l'urbanisme de l'agglomération ainsi que les points de vue des différents acteurs. La méthodologie alors développée repose sur l'utilisation de la méthode d'aide multicritère à la décision ELECTRE III comme support de la concertation. À partir de l'analyse historique des projets de transport qui se sont déroulés en France, les critères permettant de choisir l'implantation du tracé de la ligne et la répartition des différents usagers de l'espace public ont été déterminés. Dès lors, l'utilisation d'ELECTRE III constitue un support de débats avec les différents acteurs pour mettre en exergue les éléments du projet sur lesquels les points de vue divergent. Pour animer ces débats, un nouvel acteur, le facilitateur, est introduit au sein des projets de transport. À partir des recommandations issues de la phase de concertation, les élus, véritables décideurs du projet, peuvent prendre les mesures qui s'imposent, notamment en termes de communication, afin que le projet subisse le moins de retard possible et aboutisse à une variante acceptée par le plus grand nombre d'acteurs
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Magnusson, Jonas. "Social Class and Elderly Abuse in Europe." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26208.
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Introduktion/Bakgrund: Enligt ett flertal vetenskapliga rapporter är misshandel och utnyttjande av äldre ett växande problem i Europa och övriga världen. Det kommer att ställas högre krav på vårdgivare både inom familjen och inom välfärden på grund av en åldrande europeisk befolkning. Det förutses att en tredjedel av den europeiska befolkningen kommer att vara 60 år eller äldre år 2050. Tillförlitliga data och forskning är dock en bristvara när det kommer till misshandel och utnyttjande av äldre. Syfte: Att granska den tillgängliga forskningen om vilken effekt olika socioekonomiska faktorer (utbildning, yrke och förmögenhet) har huruvida äldre människor (60 år eller äldre) riskerar att utsättas för fysisk och/eller psykisk misshandel. Metod: En litteraturstudie valdes som arbetsmetod. Vetenskapliga artiklar och relevant litteratur har granskats och valts ut via olika databaser. Resultat: Studien kom fram till att olika socioekonomiska faktorer (utbildning, yrke och förmögenhet) påverkar huruvida äldre människor riskerar att utsättas för fysisk och/eller psykisk misshandel. Av de studerade faktorerna var utbildning den socioekonomiska faktor som främst påverkade huruvida en äldre människa riskerade att bli utsatt för misshandel eller inte. De andra faktorerna, yrke och förmögenhet/inkomst, var inte representerade i samma utsträckning som utbildning i studiens resultat. En annan påverkande faktor som hänger ihop med socioekonomiska faktorer visade sig vara könstilhörighet. Majoriteten av den granskade litteraturen bekräftar att det finns ett mönster som innebär att äldre kvinnor löper en större risk än män att utsättas för psykisk och/eller fysisk misshandel. Det var svårt att identifiera likheter eller skillnader mellan olika europeiska regioner på grund av att studiemetod och studiedesign skiljde sig allt för mycket åt mellan de olika vetenskapliga artiklarna. Slutsats: Resultatet från litteraturgranskningen visade att utbildning har en större påverkan än yrke och förmögenhet huruvida en äldre människa riskerar att bli utsatt för psykisk och/eller fysisk misshandel eller inte. Studien fann även att könsskillnader var tydliga och innebär äldre kvinnor löper större risk än män att bli utsatta. Något som också måste tas i beaktning i framtida forskning. Bristen på forskning och litteratur inom ämnet vittnar om att det finns ett stort behov av mer forskning. En bättre förståelse för relationen mellan socioekonomisk position och misshandel av äldre är viktigt för framtiden.Abstract Introduction: The issue of elder abuse is described as increasing in Europe and beyond according to several scientific reports. An ageing European population combined with longer life expectancy will increase demands on family caregivers and a well-functioning health and social care workforce. It is estimated that in year 2050 one third of the European population will be 60 years or older. However there is still a shortage of confident data across European countries regarding the extent, features, determinants and effects of elder abuse. Aim: To review existing knowledge of the impact of various measures of socioeconomic position (education, occupation and wealth) on physical and psychological abuse among elderly people (60 years of age and over) in Europe. Method: A literature study was chosen as working method. Scientific articles and relevant literature were examined using different databases. Results: The review found that socioeconomic position factors (education, occupation, wealth) have an impact on the likelihood of elderly individuals experiencing abuse. Of the assessed factors, education has shown to be the socioeconomic factor which has the most impact on the likelihood of elder abuse. Other factors such as occupation and wealth and income, were not represented in the results at the same extent as education. Another important factor related to elderly people’s socio-economic position was found to be gender. The majority of articles analysed in this thesis confirms that there is a pattern where elderly women are more likely to experience abuse than are men. Due to different study designs and measures in the analysed scientific articles and reports differences according to area context were hard to identify. Conclusion: Results of this thesis showed that education as measure of socioeconomic position had the biggest impact on elder abuse as compared to occupation and wealth. However, gender (a factor strictly linked to socioeconomic position) differentials were remarkable, a subject which needs to be taken into consideration in future research. Further, the lack of literature in the research subject points out to an urgent need for further studies. This is urgently needed, as both ageing and abuse are increasing across Europe. A better understanding of the relation between socioeconomic position and abuse among elderly will be of paramount importance for future interventions aimed to curb the ever growing trend.
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Light, Ann M. "An Examination of the Ascension to and Experiences in the Metropolitan Chief Fire Officer Position: Implications for Leadership, Policy and Practice." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1478268574889246.
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Ribeiro, Priscilla Barbosa. "Língua e sociedade: a ordem na escola republicana paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-20102016-114612/.
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O presente trabalho trata de objeto de natureza interdisciplinar, a partir do qual abordamos questões linguísticas e sócio-históricas ligadas ao português paulista culto na São Paulo de início do século XX. Realizamos a descrição e análise da ordem de constituintes sentenciais em duas instituições escolares da Capital, complementarmente à análise das instituições e seus sujeitos, bem como de seu lugar na história/memória da cidade, buscando compreendê-los na dinâmica da vida paulistana da virada do século. O recorte linguístico considera as posições do sujeito e do clítico. O corpus é constituído de atas escritas por professores, diretores e secretários da Escola Normal (majoritariamente feminina) e do Ginásio da Capital (exclusivamente masculino), instituições importantes por seu papel na dinâmica de reorganização social e política em uma sociedade altamente heterogênea, em que as tensões repercutiam em formas diversas de distinção em todos os âmbitos da cultura local, inclusive o linguístico. Com o propósito de compreender amplamente nosso objeto, trabalhamos com os dados linguísticos e materiais que pudessem trazer ao presente um pouco da realidade da época e que recuperasse seus pontos de vista. Para isso, analisamos revistas de ensino, livros de matrícula, gramáticas, discursos e outras fontes. A perspectiva adotada, condizente com a natureza do objeto, é interdisciplinar, e teve por objetivo possibilitar uma análise do uso linguístico inserido nas relações sociais, assumindo pressupostos da sociolinguística, sociologia, antropologia e história, visando à compreensão integrada do fenômeno.This work deals with an interdisciplinary object, in which we refer language issues and socio-historical linked to Portuguese Paulista in Sao Paulo early twentieth century. We perform the description and analysis of sentential constituent order in two schools of the capital, in addition to the analysis of institutions and their subjects, as well as its place in the history of the city, seeking to understand them in the dynamics of São Paulo of the early century. The linguistic focus considers the positions of subject and clitic. The corpus is composed of texts written by teachers, principals and secretaries of the Normal School (mostly female) and the Capital Gymnasium (exclusively male), important institutions for their role in the dynamics of social reorganization and politics in a highly heterogeneous society in which tensions had repercussions in various forms of discrimination in all aspects of local culture, including the language. In order to understand our object, we work with linguistic data and materials that could bring to present some of the reality of the time and to recover their views. For this, we analyze educational magazines, books, grammars, speeches and other sources. The perspective adopted is interdisciplinary, and aimed to enable an analysis of the inserted language use in social relations, taking on assumptions of sociolinguistics, sociology, anthropology and history, aiming at the integrated understanding of the phenomenon.