Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public policies (private international law)'
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Nellis, Ezra. "Ordre public textuel et ordre public virtuel : étude de droit international privé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR035.
Full textIn private international law, public policies are a tool of conflict laws, whose mission is to defend the legislative corpus and the social cohesion of the required State. In order to do so, international public policies rely on a mecanism made out of two main components: mandatory laws and public policies’ exceptionality. When an extraneous element is present in a given case, international public policies can go against the application of a foreign law in order to settle a case or to oppose the traffic of a foreign public act going against the founding values of the forum. In French law, international public policies are based on article 6 of the Code civil, which states that "one cannot, through specific conventions, go against the laws of public policies and good morals". This means that, in theory, if international public policies defend the forum’s axiology, the lawmaker must previously have determined international public policies’ substance; if it is so, the principle behind public policies sanctionned in the Code civil would be held in abeyance. Indeed, a national judge cannot create law. However, when it comes to international public policies, judges have ended up with the responsibility to determine legislative norms, principles and values meant to become international public policies. This observation presents an opportunity to elaborate on a few points. In the French legal system, the judge does not have the necessary legitimacy to be the sole decision-maker on this topic and international public policies are often criticized by legal practitioners for their changeability and unforseeable nature. What is more, the French Constitution, which determines the process through which norms are drawn up, only authorizes the law maker to produce prescriptive discourse. Finally, the judge is not the vox populi’s herald: according to the social contract, the rule of law is its sole expression as it stems from the proper representative of the People, the law maker. From these observations, one can conclude that a discrepancy exists between the legal system’s being and its duty, which affects the French social organisation, especially when it comes to private international law. This has allowed us to stress the importance of the balance between the written and virtual aspects of private international law, and more than that, the impossibility of considering in absolutes the aim of creating written international public policies. On the other hand, we have brought to light the intrinsic rationality of virtual law, motivated in this case by a constructive approach initiated by the judge in service of the French legal system. The written nature of international public policies takes part in the edification of the Nation by preserving the most structuring rules for individuals within the territory of the forum. The second part of our study shows an existing psychological influence on the legal system as well as on international public policies’ operating and objectives. People’s motivational needs and the mechanisms, both conscious and unconscious, that drive their mental lives have an impact on international public policies’ aim. Once again, this was an opportunity to put into perspective the many functions of international public policies and to delve into their use in a contemporary legal context. Ultimately, it is through a multidisciplinary and eclectic approach that we have managed to bring to the surface the rationale behind international public policies’ functions, and its virtual characteristic
Latil, Cédric. "Intérêt public et lois de police en droit international privé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1077.
Full textOverriding mandatory provisions is traditionally defined as a provisions the respect for which is regarded as necessary by a country for safeguarding its political, social or economic organisation. Hence, the Courts apply the law of the forum automatically and do not apply their own conflit of rules. Definition is not precise enough to be used accurately. Therefore we propose to define concept of Overriding mandatory provisions focuses on the « Public Interest », which is derived from article 9, paragraph 1 of the regulation on the law applicable to the contractual obligations. In the following lines, we wonder about the mandatory implantation of these rules at the intrenational level. Our aim is to measure the impact of Public Interest in the conflict of laws and in the conflict of jurisdictions
Adel, Zaher Mina. "L'ordre public dans les relations privées internationales : l'exemple des contrats internationaux devant le juge étatique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3057.
Full textThe freedom of choice is a principle referring to the freedom of the parties concerning the choice of the law ruling the international contract. However, this principle is limited by public policy, which reduce the extent of this freedom. In order to improve the application of these rules with a minimum of predictability, it is important to study in detail the origin and nature of the rules of public policy. A comparative study with Egyptian private international law is needed to take advantage from all current mechanisms. The current conceptual debate highlights the role of international cooperation, in addition to purely State interests, which will tend to create a new transnational, or even supranational, public policy
Benmbarek-Lesaffre, Kenza. "Les règles matérielles de droit international privé." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020065.
Full textThe material rules of private international law are classically defined as rules that provide substantive answers to a question of private international law. They are distinguished from the traditional conflict of laws rule which is neutral, abstract, bilateral and limited, in its initial form, to the designation of the applicable legal order. This definition shows its limits as the methods of private international law have evolved. Boundaries between the different methods became more unclear, leading to uncertainty as to the legal regime of the material rules. We have tried, through the study of material rules of private international law, to propose a definition that takes into account their specificity but also their variety while distinguishing them from neighboring methods and, in particular, police laws. This definition has led us to a classification of material rules and to the conclusion that their legal regime should depend of the particular subcategory they belong to
Ramírez, Reyes Santiago. "L’affinement des mécanismes liés à l’ordre public dans le choix de la loi applicable aux contrats internationaux : regards franco-mexicain." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D088.
Full textThe concepts of public policy and overriding mandatory rules are to be found within the vocabulary of the general theory of conflict of laws. It is legitimate to ask whether this statement of principle can be illustrated by a French-Mexican comparison. The relevance of such a comparison may seem doubtful, given France's participation in a more or less unifying process, due to its membership of the European Union; whereas Mexico, on the other hand, is organized around a "federal pact". However, the comparison remains relevant as we can observe that the relationship between the nation-state and private international law inexorably passes through the prism of sovereignty and that France and Mexico remain masters of their sovereignty at the international level. This analysis is made possible thanks to the existence of a common historical background and a common legal culture, contractual matters are specifically targeted due to their high level of sensitivity to the influence of public policy. However, private international law has evolved since the identification and construction of the broad categories of the public policy and overriding mandatory rules, which have led to a number of developments whose orientation will have to be verified. These specification elements as multiple as they are varied, such as fundamental rights, protection of the weaker party, constitutional review and proportionality, among others, renders this study an opportunity to highlight the evolving nature of mechanisms related to public policy in international private contract law
Ancel, Baudouin. "Lois de police et ordre public dans le droit des conflits (XIIe siècle-XXe siècle) : genèse et réception de l'article 3, alinéa 1er du Code civil." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020043.
Full textThis research aims at shedding light on the historical background of the avatars of two mechanisms now integrated into the French system of private international law: lois de police (i.e. overriding mandatory rules) and (international) ordre public (i.e. public policy). Both share the common feature of opposing the normal interplay of choice-of-law rules and rely on Art. 3, para. 1 of the 1804 Civil Code. Preventing by pre-emption infringements of utilitas publica vel communis or reacting to them by eviction from the normally applicable law, these two types of norms have emerged from a common history beginning with the antecedents of prohibitive and territorial statutes identified by medieval romano-canonical commentators. Then members of the Dutch and French Schools adapted the two concepts to the prevailing hypothesis at the end of the Ancien Régime, that of conflicts of sovereignties. In 1804, lois de police and ordre public were collected in the French Civil Code. Thanks to the joint work of scholars and case law, on the one hand, and to a reaction to the hybrid notion of lois d’ordre public that emerged over the next century, on the other hand, the distinction between the two concepts was made possible at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. As conflict of sovereignties declined, leading to a loss of interest in public law, or even in criminal law, and as a more private-law-driven representation arose, without ignoring, however, growing state interventionism, the distinction has been confirmed between the two concepts: lois de police or d’application immédiate, promoting the utilitas communis, and exception d’ordre public, defending fundamental values
Neuwirth, Rostam Josef. "International law and the public/private law distinction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64296.pdf.
Full textZhao, Yi. "La loi de police en droit international privé français et chinois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0001.
Full textThe overriding mandatory provisions in Chinese private international law is imported and its legislative definition is incorporated by the European one. Although the French definition of overriding mandatory provisions and the Chinese definition are not textually identical, it seems to us that the notion of overriding mandatory provisions does not change depending on whether it is French law or Chinese law. However, having been provided for by Chinese positive law only since 2011, the overriding mandatory provisions mechanism is relatively young, not only with regard to this mechanism itself but also to its relations with other mechanisms of private international law having links with it, such as the international public policy exception. We will seek French experiences in this area and study the French and Chinese notion of overriding mandatory provisions, other mechanisms of private international law in connection with them and their illustrations in case law. Despite the criticisms, the immediate and mandatory application is always the most important character of the overriding mandatory provisions of the forum in the direct instance, but this is not the case for foreign overriding mandatory provisions or for the indirect instance. According to French and Chinese case law, the non-respect by the foreign judge or by an arbitral tribunal of the overriding mandatory provisions of the requested state does not automatically result in the refusal of recognition or enforcement. Regarding the foreign overriding mandatory provisions, the Chinese legislative text is silent, but this does not mean that their application or take into consideration is prohibited in Chinese law
Larpvanichar, Ratchaneekorn. "Les contrats internationaux : étude comparative franco-thaïlandaise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20002.
Full textThe French system of Private International Law of Contract is highly developed, evidenced by a rich jurisprudence and doctrinal system. One of the leaders in the field, many of their legal concepts were widely accepted and adopted by other legal systems, first by European countries and then worldwide. However, because of their complementary and intertwined nature for each other, the French legal system cannot be studied apart from the European system. For this reason, this study covers not only an in depth examination of French Private International Law but also a general look at European Private International Law. The Thai system of Private International Law of Contracts, in comparison, is developing and needs significant legal reform, as soon as possible, in order to cooperate with other contracting States in ASEAN. Thus, this comparative study responds to the needs, and shows how to correctly apply the conflict of laws’ rules, including their exceptions, which could solve many problems occurring in the Thai legal system. Therefore questions on the applicable laws of contract and the settlement of disputes which derive from international contract law are objects of this study
Larpvanichar, Ratchaneekorn. "Les contrats internationaux : étude comparative franco-thaïlandaise." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856584.
Full textMills, Alex. "The confluence of public and private international law : justice, pluralism and subsidiarity in the international constitutional ordering of private law /." Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9780521731300.
Full textBianco, Giuseppe. "Restructuring Sovereign Debt : Private Creditors and International Law." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D075.
Full textThis thesis considers the legal framework of sovereign debt restructuring in relation to private creditors and the relevant rules of public international law. The research question is : What is the actual and potential role of public international law in sovereign debt restructurings ? The current legal framework is fragmented, and a multitude of actors and practices coexist. Political expediency governs the process and the outcomes, with little room for customary rules or general principles of law. The case law reveals the challenges for both domestic courts and international tribunals in dealing with sovereign debt restructurings. The contractual approach provides incentives for creditors to attempt creative litigation, which disrupts negotiations. Investment arbitration has proved an inadequate response. The inconsistencies among the different fora bring about unsatisfactory results for creditors and debtors alike, let alone the implications for legal certainty. For the future prospects, the concepts of odious debt and state of necessity can provide limited improvements, at best. Their content and contours appear too ill-defined to be relied upon by States wishing to shield a restructuring. The reform of the legal framework for sovereign debt restructuring has set a competition between approaches based on public international law and on private law. This has been most evident with the process at the United Nations General Assembly and the concomitant modification of contractual clauses. A future framework could potentially feature less avenues for litigation, a focus on the human rights of the debtor population, and a middle ground shaped by the European Union
Tan, Yvette S. "Public Policy in Adult Relationships in English Private International Law." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532232.
Full textBahri, Amrita. "Public private partnership in WTO dispute settlement : enabling developing countries." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6242/.
Full textWirtz, Christian Cornelius. "Blackwater versus Blackbeard : which international regulations exist for the use of private maritime security companies in vessel protection operations?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20773.
Full textOppong, Richard Frimpong. "Relational issues of law and economic integration in Africa : perspectives from constitutional, public and private international law." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17454.
Full textPamborides, George Pan. "The impact of public international law on private shipping law : the effect of the modern international legislative and enforcement practices on certain principles of maritime law." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264650.
Full textAreal, Ludeña Santiago. "Oil platforms and private security in spanish law: An approach." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118997.
Full textDentro del ámbito de aplicación de la legislación española, en el presente artículo desarrollaremos la regulación que existe respecto a la seguridad privada en las plataformas petroleras. En este sentido, es necesario dar unas posibles respuestas jurídicas ante este hecho, debido a los actuales inconvenientes para su adecuada regulación en el país europeo. Por ello, es necesario proporcionar respuestas desde las distintas perspectivas del derecho como son el Derecho Internacional Público, Derecho Internacional Privado, Derecho Administrativo, Derecho Mercantil y Derecho Laboral, lo que nos guiará a determinar cuál debería ser el papel de Estado.
Baino, Ginevra. "The private right to a remedy under public international law -- the law of the World Trade Organisation : a case-study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446369.
Full textNovikova, O. V. "Overriding rules and public policy in private international law : a comparative analysis with particular reference to English and Russian law." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502133.
Full textMorbach, Rüdiger. "Der kartellrechtliche ordre public in der internationalen Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit." Thesis, Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020034.
Full textAt the intersection between arbitration and competition law lies private autonomy. The provisions of competition law safeguard what is at the same time the legal foundation of arbitration. In both areas of law, private autonomy enters into conflict with the state's regulatory interest. While this conflict is omnipresent in competition law, it manifests itself in arbitration only when the arbitral proceedings come into contact with mandatory state law, most notably when a state court has to decide on the enforceability of an arbitral award. If this is the case, not only private autonomy and mandatory state law collide, but also arbitration and state court jurisdiction. As far as arbitration and litigation are considered to be equivalent, a state court may not review the substance of an arbitral award on the merits (principle of non-révision au fond). It may only consider whether the enforcement of the arbitral award would violate an essential principle of the law of the state that the state court is supposed to protect, i.e. its public policy (ordre public). Some of these essential principles derive from a state’s competition law and form the state’s public competition policy. Public competition policy, it’s implications for the arbitral tribunal and its protection by state courts form the subject of doctoral thesis
An der Schnittstelle zwischen der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit und dem Kartellrecht liegt die Privatautonomie. Sie wird durch die Regeln des Kartellrechts gewährleistet und stellt zugleich die Legitimationsgrundlage der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit dar. Dabei steht sie in beiden Rechtsgebieten im Konflikt mit dem staatlichen Ordnungsinteresse. Während dieser Konflikt im Kartellrecht allgegenwärtig ist, manifestiert er sich in der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, sobald das Schiedsverfahren mit zwingendem staatlichen Recht in Berührung kommt, insbesondere wenn ein staatliches Gericht über die Vollstreckbarerklärung oder Aufhebung eines Schiedsspruchs entscheiden muss. In diesem Fall treffen nicht nur Privatautonomie und staatlicher Zwang aufeinander, sondern auch Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit und staatliche Gerichtsbarkeit. Werden beide als gleichwertig angesehen, darf das staatliche Gerichte einen Schiedsspruch grundsätzlich nicht in der Sache überprüfen (Prinzip der non-révision au fond). Es darf nur prüfen, ob die Vollstreckung des Schiedsspruchs einen wesentlichen Grundsatz des von ihm zu schützenden staatlichen Rechts verletzen würde, seinen ordre public. Enthalten diese wesentlichen Grundsätze Regeln des Kartellrechts, handelt es sich um den kartellrechtlichen ordre public. Der kartellrechtliche ordre public, seine Bedeutung für das Schiedsgericht und seine Überprüfung durch das staatliche Gericht werden in dieser Dissertation untersucht. Dazu bedarf es eingangs einer allgemeinen Betrachtung der Schnittstellen zwischen Kartellrecht und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (1. Kapitel). Diese widmet sich einerseits den theoretischen Grundlagen der Beziehung beider Rechtsgebiete, andererseits den vielen praktischen Formen des Aufeinandertreffens von Kartellrecht und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Davon ausgehend soll sich dem kartellrechtlichen ordre public genähert werden, indem dieser in allen seinen Erscheinungsformen dargestellt wird, die anhand ihrer Wirkungen in gängige ordre-public-Kategorisierungen eingeordnet werden und miteinander so ins Verhältnis gesetzt werden, dass Konflikte und ein möglicher Umgang mit ihnen erkennbar werden (2. Kapitel). Im Anschluss soll aufgezeigt werden, wie staatliche Gerichte Schiedssprüche auf eine Verletzung des kartellrechtlichen ordre public überprüfen, welche Kontrollparameter ihre Untersuchung beeinflussen, wie sich Parallelverfahren vor Wettbewerbsbehörden darauf auswirken und welche Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten ein staatliches Gericht hat, das eine Verletzung des kartellrechtlichen ordre public feststellt (3. Kapitel). Im Anschluss sollen Möglichkeiten für das Schiedsgericht und die Schiedsparteien ergründet werden, einen Verstoß gegen den kartellrechtlichen ordre public zu vermeiden (4. Kapitel). Mit den hierbei gewonnenen Ergebnissen soll zuletzt versucht werden, eine Antwort auf die Frage zu finden, ob der kartellrechtliche ordre public einen wirksamen Sicherungs¬mechanismus darstellt, mit dem eine sich eine Rechtsordnung gegen gravierende Verletzungen ihres Kartellrechts durch Schiedssprüche schützen kann
Archinard-Greil, Bérengère. "Lois de police et conflits de juridictions. (Essai sur la coordination des systèmes à l'aide de la notion d'ordre juridique prépondérant)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3036/document.
Full textIn times of mandatory provisions becoming more and more prevalent, based on conflict of law, the concept of mandatory enforcement appears to be somehow diluted regarding the liberal solutions found in conflicts of jurisdictions. In positive law, mandatory rules do not prevent the enforcement of a forum clause, no more than they are considered during the enforcement stage of decisions. While the application of these rules before foreign courts and arbitrators is very uncertain and does not raise obstacles to the recognition of foreign judgments or arbitral judgment which overlook them, choice of forum clauses has become an instrument of forum shopping in order to avoid mandatory regulations. This solution paradoxically induces a search for a solution to restore there international imperativity. This result has appeared as a consequence of the principle of separation of conflicts of law and conflicts of jurisdictions. That observation leads to ask questions about the possibility of an exemption to this general principle. Indeed, this encourages to consider the possibility to admit a correlation between forum and jus in order to establish imperative and exclusive competence, based on the applicability of such mandatory rules. This forum legis would require to maintain the litigation in its courts and could ensure their application in international relations. However, unilateralism that governs rules of judicial competence should involve the establishment of a mechanism of different legal systems coordination. Depending on the type of mandatory rules concerned, it could be based on an adapted form of forum non conveniens, on international judicial Co-operation processes, or be inspired by the method of reference to the competent legal order envisaged by P. Picone. The deployment of these solutions could be based on using preponderant state notion, that would be the one with the most widely public policy involved. It would lead to the recognition of the strong vocation of it to assert its views for the resolution of a dispute and would justify both the priority jurisdiction of its courts and circumspection of the other jurisdictional authorities to exercise their competence. Such a solution, tightly defined and justified in view of the importance of the interests involved, would provide a satisfactory solution to both harmoniously articulate the pursuit of liberal politics required in conflicts of jurisdictions with respect of public policy, and reconcile the protection of imperativities with the coordination of legal systems
Malmsköld, Elin. "The status of abortion in public international law and its effect on domestic legislation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355922.
Full textLarsen, Irene. "Public access to information : reaching the right balance between public and private." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78219.
Full textSaumier, Geneviève. "Public policy, mandatory rules and uniform choice-of-law rules in contract : the impact of European harmonization on English private international law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627212.
Full textLamlert, Wariya, and n/a. "International Uncertainty in the Exceptions for Individual Use in Copyright Law: A Comparative Study of Australia and Thailand." University of Canberra. School of Law, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20080912.140432.
Full textTonkin, Hannah Jane. "States' international obligations to control private military & security companies in armed conflict." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1658758a-481a-4f1c-83c0-2ef269a78778.
Full textMalumfashi, Garba Ibrahim. "'Green' public procurement policies, climate change mitigation and international trade regulation : an assessment of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/24c7aef7-074c-48db-877a-f9d22b51d7f5.
Full textZelada, Carlos J., and Dunkelberg Alonso Gurmendi. "Between the shield and the sword: equal marriage from the perspective of international public policy and international human rights law." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109197.
Full textDurante los últimos años, cada vez más ordenamientos jurídicos han regulado el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo. Es importante por ello preguntarse qué sucedería si dos personas del mismo sexo que hayan contraído matrimonio legalmente en otro país exigieran que el mismo fuera reconocido en Perú.Los autores de este artículo indagan sobre las posibilidades de acción de los operadores jurídicos ante esta situación, en el marco del orden público internacional y el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos. Para ello, analizan jurisprudencia tanto europea como interamericana sobre el tema, además de ensayar una solución sobre cómo resolver conflictos entre los ordenamientos extranjeros, la normativa nacional y los derechos humanos.
Potentier, Sophie. "Les frontières de l'ordre public international en droit patrimonial de la famille." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC0003.
Full textThe recent developments in the domain of international public policy regarding patrimonial family law forces us to wonder if there really exists such a specific concept within patrimonial family law. Nowadays, international public policy seems to address and protect private interests and defend the individual within the family instead of protecting the family as whole. The European integration, amongst other events, explains this conception which is focused on fundamental individual rights. This leads the international public policy notion to be viewed as hindering the development of a supranational entity, given it authorizes a wide variety of values specific to each particular country, which goes against and impedes the intended harmonized unity. With this in mind, for better European flow and mobility, we are confronted with the necessity to loosen general local principals and therefore lessen the application of an international public policy. Nevertheless, by following this path of loosening international public policy don’t we undermine the foundation of its own existence? How can we reconcile freedom of movement with the preservation of our values and principles? The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that, contrary to appearance, international public policy is not necessarily a hurdle to international harmony but can be forged to bolster unity and coherence. In order to achieve harmony and consistency we should seek first an alignment between the various founding principles of patrimonial family law followed by a particular mechanism of application that puts into perspective the public policy exception itself
Bihannic, Kévin. "Repenser l'ordre public de proximité : d'une conception hiérarchique à une conception proportionnelle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D087/document.
Full textAlthough case law has not entirely ruled out the theory of the “ordre public de proximité”, it’s scope has constantly been decreased to the point that it is now impossible to question it’s fall from grace. Hence pushing for a study of it’s future existence in the general theory of privateinternational law. In spite of recurrent criticism from Doctrine sources, the “ordre public de proximité” has not become useless. A renewed interpretation of its overall functioning is needed to overcome the fear of taking over the role of the public policy exception and therefore encouraging cultural relativism.However, considering the rehabilitation of the “ordre public de proximité” should not misguide us into thinking it is flawless. When confronted to the evolution of private interational law and a possible mutation of the public policy exception, the inadaptability of this principle becomesobvious. More specifically when transiting toward a logical ranking of values as necessairy for it’s effective functioning, one may fear a lack of consideration for the foreign norm. As a consequence, the “ordre public de proximité” seems to build itself outside of the public policytheory highlighting the need to consider it’s overcoming. Redefining the theory of the so-called “effet atténué” (limited effect) could represente an effective solution on condition that this system is founded on the balance of interest. In conclusion, if the “ordre public de proximité” cannot exist as an independent mechanism, the proximity condition must remain and support the development of proportionality as the reasoning method for the application of the so-called “effet atténué”
Oliveira, Carina Costa de. "La réparation des dommages environnementaux en droit international : (contribution à l'étude de la complémentarité entre le droit international public et le droit international privé)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020002.
Full textThe reparation of environmental damages in international law concerns public and private international law. Due to the fact that efficient reparation of environmental damages is hardly achieved only by public international law, private international law methods can be used to fill the gaps of the former law field. Public international law limits are related to the difficulty of harmonising substantial environmental rules on national, regional and international context. Another reason is that it is hard to control company’s international movements and to hold them liable for damages committed. International environmental law depends on some public and private legal instruments in order to protect the environment. Public instruments such as treaties and Secretariats' mechanisms of control must work jointly with private instruments such as liability and arbitration. Private international law application is useful to organise rules from different legal orders. This methode enables the use of legal measures of one State in another State without looking for uniformity. Private international law, by the environmental function of conflict of laws and conflict of jurisdictions rules, paves the way towards a better interaction between different normative orders and between different law fields. It leads to a more effective cooperation for environmental protection
Genneby, Johan. "Hard Decisons, Soft Laws : Exploring the authority and the political impact of soft law in international law." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1864.
Full textThe question of whether there is soft law in international law has been as much the subject of contemporary debate as whether or not there is private legal authority in the international society. The legal boundaries seem to be blurred by the process of globalisation and the recent shift in international law. The traditional definition of international law has been outdated as new forms of treaties has introduced new subject of law to the judicial arena. At the same time a supplementary map of law has been added to the cartography of international law, soft law. These correlating processes have comprehensive political and legal consequences at both the international and national levels. This essay examines and identifies soft law from a legal-political perspective and locates and explores private forms of legal authority on the map of contemporary international law. In respect to theory, it accounts for an interdisciplinary approach involving issues of both international law and international relations. In the process this study examines issues regarding the relative legal normativity and the blurring of legal authority in international law. The focus is on the legal character, the constitutive practices and the legal and political influence of soft law. It discusses the influence and power exerted by soft law over state actors in the international system and at the national level. The essay finds that soft law is of substantial relevance in the international ambit. To some extent a limited normative force of certain norms is recognized in soft law even though it is conceded that those norms would not be enforceable by an international court or other international organ. To say that it does not exist because it is not of the enforceable variety, might blind students of international law to another dimension of the landscape of international practice. Soft law does not translate to soft obligations in the reality of international society, and it seems to be some confusion surrounding the obligations conceived by it. The research here presented suggests that its political and legal power is substantial. The researched examples do not display any real private legal authority in soft law. This is because soft law is found to be a separate phenomenon from international law proper. However, soft law’s impact on national governments combined with the wider acceptance of the presence of private actors in the creation of soft law suggests that private power is noteworthy in comparison. In one of the studied examples, the soft law is concluded by private business representatives solely, but in requiring the status of soft law it is dependant on the recognition of the international and national legal bodies.
Belbey, Salim. "Formation, effets et dissolution du mariage en droit international privé algérien et comparé : étude des conflits de lois." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020001.
Full textFormation, Effects and Dissolution of Marriage in Algerian and Comparative Private International Law: Study of Conflicts of LawsAbstract: The marriage, object of this study, is not submitted in its entirety to a single law. One distinguishes traditionally between its formation, its effects and its dissolution. Algerian private international law subjects the basic conditions of marriage to the jurisdiction of the national law of the spouses and the form, to one of the following laws : the law of the place of celebration, the law of the common domicile, the common national law or the law governing the substantive rules. The effects of marriage are governed by the national law of the husband at the time of the conclusion of the marriage; the dissolution is, in turn, subject to the national law of the husband assessed at the time of the initiating act. The elaboration of the conflict rules as well as the exact qualification of certain conditions of validity of the marriage are not enough to be able to affirm that the conflicts are settled; because the law, designated as competent by the national conflict rules, can be overridden in favor of another. Next to public order, which is the most well-known reason and whose conception varies from one country to another, there is the case of the dismissal and the case of the fraud with the law. The comparison made here between the Algerian, Egyptian and French systems reveals that, although these systems have a common language, that of private international law, this language has a different emphasis in the first two systems because of the religious nature of the domestic law of marriage. The originality of these two systems resides in the fact that they establish the Muslim religion and the privilege of nationality as connecting factors in matters of personal status. It is thus that the solutions of the conflicts of laws relating to the formation, the effects and the dissolution of the marriage, become more delicate
Mars, Antoine. "La prévalence des intérêts : Contribution à l'étude du droit international privé dans un contexte néolibéral." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0714.
Full textThis study aims to propose a systematization of Private International Law from the European neoliberal context, based on the German ordoliberalism. This doctrine recommends a permanent legal interventionism to build a market and generalizes this logic to every social relation. Therefore, the means offered to individuals to satisfy their private interests are increased while, at the same time, the State actively defends a public interest in private relations. Thus, Private International Law is permeated by a phenomenon of primacy of interests. It leads to a rise of power-conferring norms, both for parties and the judge, to respectively satisfy private and public interests. Yet, this phenomenon increases the potential for conflict of interests and requires a method of coordination of interests based on two complementary principles: the ontological superiority of public interest, and the private conception of Private International Law. The analysis of positive law reveals some situations of dis-coordination of interests that could be overruled by the use of proportionality to restore the role properly assigned to each of them
Pereira, de Andrade Priscila. "Le développement durable des biocarburants : objet d'un droit transnational." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010317.
Full textThe study of the legal framework for the development of biofuels demonstrates the contemporary trend of using public and private normative instruments to regulate the potential environmental and social impacts of products traded internationally. A "multi-level governance” can be observed from two levels: first from the inadequacies of public law tools to assure the sustainable development of biofuels and, secondly from the emergence of the private law tools to promote its "sustainability". Due to the scarcity of specific tools and limits in existing instruments of public international law, and due to the limits in the way the European Union "model" law treats this issue as well as to its questionable legality with the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules we consequently argue that private law tools may actually provide stronger regulation and bring real contribution to increase environmental protection and human rights respect in the biofuel sector. The thesis demonstrates that international private standards and international commercial contracts represent a real lever for the construction of a "transnational law" capable of promoting the sustainable development of biofuels. Certainly, there are limitations inherent to a law built from the will of private actors. However, the use of these private normative initiatives can help overcome shortcomings existing in the public law tools. The relevance of private international standardization for the international harmonization of biofuel's sustainability norms according WTO laws and the contribution of contractual commitments to consolidate the "corporate socialenvironmental responsibility" engagement of companies participating in the international biofuel supply chains are particularly herein highlighted
Bouyahia, Sabrine Maya. "La proximité en droit international privé de la famille français et tunisien : actualité et perspectives (étude des conflits de lois)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020103/document.
Full textThe following study is aimed to determine the broad place of the proximity in Private International Family Law within French and Tunisian legal systems. First of all, this analysis draw attention to the differences between countries in the identification of the connecting factor in abstract way within personal status matters as well as the methods used to designate it. Then, it underscores the deficiencies observed within the integration of this process in both countries.Thus, the general position of the Tunisian legislator which is in favor for connecting factor offamily relationships to nationality fits into a perspective research of proximity as provided in the Tunisian system. Unlike, the French system requires a different choice reflecting the composition of the French society. The proliferation of habitual residence in the French rules of conflictem bodies more than nationality, the connecting factor of proximity in France.However, the forecasts of pre-established rules of conflict are undeceived and may require, when applied, their correction in terms of conflict and material. Such corrections require the intervention of judges to verify the compliance of the result with the specificity of the relationship of law on one hand and the compliance of the provisions referred by the law of the Forum on the other hand. Nevertheless, when the legislator intervened, it becomes difficult to allow the assessment of the result pre-determined of the rule of law to the judge. Therefore, the appreciation of the judge for such prerogative is apprehended by legislators of both legal systems already studied because of the insecurity that could generate. Nonetheless, there are methods which allow the reconciliation of requirements of proximity withthose of legal security. Consequently, it would be more appropriate to identify them before proposing the necessary reforms within studied systems to better embody the proximity
Sako, Alassane. "Réflexion sur le cadre juridique des marchés publics internationaux dans les stratégies de développement." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ0014.
Full textInternational public procurement holds a central role in official development assistance flows. As the channel for the execution of development projects, it is a link between the States and entities benefiting from the financing and the holders of those financing, whether they are specialized multilateral institutions or within the framework of bilateral relations. In the same way, it stands at the crossroads of relations between the afore-mentioned actors and those of the private sector which compete to obtain these markets.Our study aims to identify in its formulation, its content and its orientation, the legal framework of this flagship instrument of development strategies, while questioning it in relation to the challenges of said development.Our analysis shows that the formulation and evolution of the legal framework for international public procurement are determined by many issues. These extend beyond the development of the beneficiary countries to embrace the global issues of international trade and those specific to the preservation of the interests of the stakeholders in the financing. It follows that it is a legal framework marked by a strong imprint of the singularities of international economic law. It is also characterized by a clear trend towards harmonization.In the context of international public procurement, it is notable that the international harmonization of the legal framework uses the regional channel which facilitates the implementation of the objectives of international actors while responding to certain problems specific to national levels. In this perspective, the preexisting regional economic integration organizations play a fundamental role.In order to analyze this trend, we choose to study the harmonization process of the public procurement legal framework of WAEMU. Then, the analysis of the singular case of Côte d'Ivoire highlights the issues and challenges related to the transposition of this legal framework at the national level. It appears that even if regional reforms taking into account international requirements have been widely implemented, challenges remain.Finally, with regards to an economic and social development reflecting the vision and challenges specific to the beneficiary countries, the symmetrical transposition of international models at the national level is not always appropriate. They must be adapted to the particular context
Barraud, Boris. "Les sources du droit de la communication par internet." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1026/document.
Full textMany books studying the sources of the law and many books studying the Internet law have already been published. This thesis differs from these books : it studies the original sources, not only the state law and the customs; and it is a scientific work and not a practical work. Observations of the Internet law can serve thoughts on the currents and futures continuities and changes of the sources of the law. Studying this young and special law is like studying an example of global law and postmodern law, revealing the specifics of the law of tomorrow, when the modern law centered on the state will be replaced by a different law, whose properties gather those of the Internet. Gradually, the conventional sources are substituted by new sources. This thesis wants to be a witness of these changes in the sources of the law.In terms of legal science and legal thought, lawyers should perhaps avoid analyzing the law of tomorrow with tools and lessons from yesterday. Studying the Internet law invites to build new tools and frameworks in order to describe and explain as accurately as possible the reality of the law. These problems led to the writing of this book. By focusing on specific legal objects that reflect the twenty-first century law, it wants to promote the understanding and the acceptance of changes in the law. Specifically, the objective is to contribute to the renovation of the sources of the law thought when the modern theory appears increasingly archaic because the number, the identity, the architecture and the balance of the sources is permanently evolving
Vidovic, Nikolina, and Carolina Brännmark. "Bröstarvingars arvsrätt i relation till svensk IP-rätt om ordre public : Ur ett nationellt och internationellt perspektiv." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23854.
Full textThe fact that Sweden is increasingly becoming more internationalized and developing a more multicultural society, stimulated an interest in writing about direct heirs inheritance rights from a national and international perspective, in which the outcome was intended to be set in relation to the Swedish Private International Law on public policy. Nowadays all children take equal shares according to chapter 2 paragraph 1 “Ärvdabalk”. If the deceased’s child passes away before him- or herself, the deceased’s grandchildren are entitled to inheritance through the Swedish istadarätt. The Swedish legal portion is enacted in chapter 7 paragraph 1 “Ärvdabalk” and entitles direct heirs half of his or her inheritance share. There has been discussion about whether the legal portion should be preserved or abolished in the law of Swedish inheritance. All the Nordic countries have a form of legal portion, as well as most of the European countries, apart from England and Wales, where there is a complete testamentary freedom. Even Muslim countries have no correspondence to the protection of legal portion. This may raise the question whether a country, which is lacking a protective rule that can be compared with the Swedish legal portion, may constitute a basis for public policy. According to the Swedish law there is an opportunity, through public policy, for Sweden to override a foreign law on the grounds that it is clearly incompatible with the foundations of the Swedish legal system. The Islamic inheritance law differs considerably from the Swedish inheritance law, in comparison to the right of inheritance in for example any Western European country. It is debatable whether any basis in the Islamic inheritance law of direct heirs may conflict with the fundamentals of the Swedish legal system and therefore actualize public policy. The Swedish right of inheritance for direct heirs is to a large extent of dispositive nature, which is why public policy can only become relevant in an international succession dispute, where a foreign law is applicable. The courts tend to strictly interpret public policy, probably because of the fear that the country's law, which gets overridden, could oppose. Future application of public policy may be further limited when the EU Succession Regulation enters into force. It is still up to the Swedish court to determine what in each case is deemed to be manifestly incompatible with public policy in Sweden, and what impact this may have on the succession of direct heirs.
Fulli-Lemaire, Samuel. "Le droit international privé de la famille à l’épreuve de l’impératif de reconnaissance des situations." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020077.
Full textPrivate international law today has to contend with social realities that have evolved markedly over the course of the last few decades. As a result of increased mobility across national borders, international families are ever more numerous and so are instances where recognition of a family status acquired abroad is sought. The effects of this change are compounded by a greater focus on individual agency and self-determination, which leads to stronger challenges to State policies that result in non-recognition. A change in how we understand and ‘do’ private international law seems warranted on two levels. The first change relates to the so-called guiding principles which encapsulate the various aims pursued by the field and can thus provide a useful conceptual framework. I suggest that adding a state duty to recognize a family status created abroad to the existing principles would help strike a better balance between private interests in facilitating recognition and the public interest in the regulation of family forms. This shift necessitates changes on another level, that of the private international law’s methods. Combining easier recognition of foreign family relationships with some degree of state control can be achieved in various ways which range from incremental change to existing methodology to a complete overhaul in the form of a new method of automatic recognition. This raises issues of both technique and policy, which are discussed in the second part of this work from a French and European perspective
Gendrault, Elisabeth. "Le principe de précaution en droit de la santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32035.
Full textIf the principle of precaution has its roots in the sphere of the environment, it has more recently found relevance, indeed a certain independence, within the domain of human health. With regards to its definition and to its legal regime, its history remains closely linked to community jurisprudence. Many countries have, to a greater or lesser extent, included it within their national rights, and since the environmental Charter of 2005 it enjoys à "special place" in France, where it is now written into the Constitution and has become one of the mostly highly valued norms. When an activity could cause serious harm to the environment or to human health it would appear that the most suitable response, while not directly admitting to the uncertainty of science, would be to ensure that precautionary measures are taken. Philosophically, the principle of precaution finds itself most in harmony when applied to the development of new medicines. To characterise best the principle of precaution, it can be likened to the notion of precaution present in health care since time immemorial. "primum non nocere" is the first rule of health care professionals. The principle of precaution, a useful tool for the management of hypothetical risk, encompasses two imperatives: that of evaluating risk and that of prevention. If on the one hand it is charged with a preventive function in the face of uncertain risk, that is not to say that it is deprived on the other of a reparatory mission. Its legal regime concerns as well public law as private law, and judges can no longer ignore this principle, now seen as "a key for the future"
Costanza, Livia. "The security of international investments : a synthesis of impacts on public policies and domestic law of host states : a dissertation submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1145.
Full textRokas, Konstantinos. "L'assistance médicale à la procréation en droit international privé comparé." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D051/document.
Full textMedically assisted reproduction radically affects human reproduction. Surrogacy, artificial reproduction technologies for same-sex couples, or which take place post mortem, profoundly change our concept of parentage. The cross-border dimension of this phenomenon provokes difficulties especially with respect to the recognition of parentage relationships that have been established in countries that authorise the aforementioned techniques. The study foreign liberal legislation, as well as of the case law on the circulation of legal parent-child relationships indicates that the conflict-of-laws rules on parentage becomes less significant. The method of recognition does not seem either able to facilitate considerably the recognition of parentage bonds that have been established in a foreign country. Nonetheless, the protection of family life constitutes a legal basis common in European states that can be invoked in favour of such recognition. Such recognition can furthermore be promoted by adopting a private international law rule of substantive nature and by strengthening the reasoning behind the recourse to the public policy exception mechanism this reinforcement of the reasoning and the influence of European law on the circulation of personal status can promote legal certainty and foreseeability. Finally, efficient solutions to cater for the risks inherent in crossborder access to assisted reproduction necessitates the adoption of rules substantial nature both in national and in international level and a better cooperation among member states of the European Union
Almeida, Bruno Rodrigues. "O reconhecimento dos casamentos e parcerias entre parcerias entre pessoas do mesmo sexo no direito transnacional: pluralismo, dignidade e cosmopolitismo nas famílias contemporâneas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4747.
Full textA partir da última década do século passado, muito embora alguns ordenamentos jurídicos tenham reconhecido os relacionamentos entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, conferindo-lhes alguns efeitos jurídicos, até hoje o padrão de heteronormatividade impede que estes alcancem a plena equiparação com o paradigma heterossexual. Os organismos internacionais de proteção aos direitos humanos já reconhecem certos patamares inerentes ao direito de liberdade à orientação sexual, muito embora ainda não se tenha alcançado à etapa da consagração do direito à vida afetiva e familiar. No entanto, a crescente internacionalização da vida contemporânea aumentou a estraneidade jurídica dos relacionamentos homoafetivos, cujo reconhecimento fora do Estado da constituição é muitas vezes recusado por argumentos que podem ser superados pela ótica convergente do Direito Transnacional promovendo a legitimidade do pleno reconhecimento transfronteiriço de todos os casamentos e parcerias entre pessoas do mesmo sexo validamente realizadas, como forma de garantir o respeito à cidadania cosmopolita inerente à dignidade dos indivíduos pertencentes a estas famílias.
Since the last decade of the 20th century some States have recognized legal effects to same-sex relationships, which conferred some internal legitimacy to homosexual minorities, although different-sex paradigms imbued in the legislation are still encroaching full recognition of freedom to sexual orientation. International human rights courts have also established certain standards of this fundamental right, but have stopped shortly of recognizing the human right to affective and familiar life, regardless sexual orientation. Meanwhile, the increasing internationalization of private life has promoted more multi-connected same-sex relationships, and such cross border recognition is resisted by arguments which can be surpassed by convergent epistemology of Transnational Law, which promotes full recognition of same-sex marriages and partnerships validly celebrated through enforcing cosmopolitan citizenship inherent to dignity of all family members, regardless sexual orientation.
Bruscato, Andrea Cristiane Maraschin. "A regulamentação não-regulamentada das instituições de educação infantil particulares no município de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14841.
Full textThe present paper aims at analyzing the rules and regulations within the Municipal Public Institutions’ power towards Private Children Education. The working practices and structures of Porto Alegre city were taken as the object of study. Despite the reliability of Porto Alegre on a government-recognized organization of general and popular attention to education, the purpose of this study is based on the very lower percentage (only 6% in 2007) of private schools authorized to operate by the City Council of Education (CME). In Brazil, education is free to private initiative as long as the general rules of national education established in law are fulfilled. As a matter of fact, the initiative over the registrations at the Municipal Education Department (SMED) as well as the meeting of requirements set by the Municipal Council of Porto Alegre are duties of the school owner. If, in 2007, only twenty private schools had received permission to operate in conditions, how would be running the 291 private schools left ? Although not mandatory, the Children’s Education, recognized as the first stage of basic education, is not only a right of the child and his parents, but also a duty of the State. In accordance with article 206, item III of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, two kinds of schools coexist: the public and the private one. The latter can be profitable or not (community, religious and philanthropic schools). They all provide a service of public interest (education), despite the private ones are allowed to be ruled by the contract system of market (profitable private schools), it is possible to mitigate such connection through non-profit purposes, that is, community, religious and philanthropic schools. Due to a series of transformations and policies the early childhood education has been suffering in recent years, public policies should converge towards improving the quality of education, assuring schools the means to do so, once many children stay there longer than with their families. Thus, at the moment we gather a group above nine children charging a fee, that will be recognized by Law, as an institution of Child Education. Besides, according to article 206, item VII of the Federal Constitution of 1988, those institutions must provide standard of quality. Therefore, daycare centers and preschools need authorization to operate while following the educational, administrative and physical structure patterns suited to such age group ( in accordance with the rules and regulations from the institution they belong to). So, it is very likely to avoid the spread of "backyard irregular schools". In a nutshell, the aim of the present paper is to analyze the rules and regulations within the Municipal Public Institutions power towards Private Children’s Education based on a review of laws and actions of institutions and departments involved in the process of regulation in order to determine the reasons why most children’s private schools are still operating even without having the authorization issued by the Council.
Thomaz, Sandra Regina. "Normas e princípios aplicáveis ao contrato internacional de trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6287.
Full textWe chose the theme of this dissertation in order to point out the possible legal rules to be applied to international contracts of work, based on the sources of international, European Union and domestic law.Our choice is due to topicality and increasing labor relations at an international level, arising from the globalization of the economy and the formation of regional blocks, which allowed the movement of people across borders for the exercise of professional activities. We will approach the trajectory of international labor law and labor law in Brazil, an analysis of the principles that guide them to, then, move on to study the characteristics of international contracts of work and finally the international legal system regarding global, regional (European union and Mercosur) and Brazilian contexts, which can be used to resolve any disputes between employee and employer, when the relationship is made up of an international element
Escolhemos o tema desta dissertação com o objetivo de apontar as possíveis normas jurídicas a serem aplicadas aos contratos internacionais de trabalho, com base nas fontes de direito internacional, comunitário e interno. Nossa escolha se deve à atualidade do tema e o crescente aumento das relações de trabalho no âmbito internacional, oriundas da globalização da economia e da formação de blocos regionais, que possibilitaram a circulação de pessoas além das fronteiras para o exercício de atividades laborais. Faremos uma abordagem da trajetória do direito internacional do trabalho e do direito do trabalho brasileiro, uma análise dos princípios que os norteiam, para, então, passarmos a estudar as características dos contratos internacionais de trabalho e, finalmente, o sistema normativo internacional em âmbito global, regional (União Europeia e Mercosul) e brasileiro, que podem ser utilizados para dirimir eventuais controvérsias entre empregado e empregador, quando a relação é composta de um elemento de estraneidade
Moya, Djoleen. "L'autorité des règles de conflit de lois : réflexion sur l'incidence des considérations substantielles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D061.
Full textChoice-of-law rules do not all have the same authority. The parties, and even the judge, may be allowed to override the designation made by the conflict rule. The parties are sometimes free to depart, by convention, from the designated law (suppletory choice-of-law rules), sometimes bound by the designation made (imperative choice-of-law rules). The judge is sometimes obliged, sometimes free to raise ex officio the internationality of the dispute, and to deduce from it the application of the choice-of-law rule. Considering together such varied questions may be surprising, but it is the approach adopted by French case law. The authority of choice-of-law rules is defined jointly, according to substantive considerations. As a matter of example, an affiliation proceeding is, in French substantive law, a matter of public policy regarding someone’s family status, and deemed to concern an unwaivable right. Therefore, the applicable choice-of-law rule will be imperative and applied ex officio by the judge. Conversely, if the claim falls within a largely suppletory subject matter or relates to waivable rights, the applicable choice-of-law rule will be suppletory, and the judge will not be required to apply it ex officio. Therefore, the authority of choice-of-law rules is defined, with respect to both the parties and the judge, according to substantive considerations.However, this regime is no longer that of European private international law. Firstly, the European regulations have only defined the authority of their choice-of-law rules with respect to the parties, leaving it up to each Member State to determine their authority over the judge. Secondly, the European definition of their authority over the parties disregards any substantive consideration, and retains a whole set of suppletory choice-of-law rules, regardless of the subject-matter. Is case law justified in defining the authority of choice-of-law rules solely on the basis of substantive considerations ? No, because choice-of-law rules designate the applicable law according to choice-of-law considerations. However, one cannot, like the European legislator, exclude any substantive consideration. The supposition of choice-of-law rules concerns substantive law issues. Choice-of-law rules are, thus, devised according to substantive considerations. Therefore, if these alone cannot define the authority of choice-of-law rules, they cannot be totally ignored either
Devaux, Caroline. "La fabrique du droit du commerce international : réguler les risques de capture." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0061.
Full textApart in the field of economic regulation where it emerged, the notion of capture has not been the subject of much analysis, particularly in law. The present study builds on the theory of regulation that coined the concept of capture and proposes to analyse the risks of capture affecting the making of transnational commercial law within UNCITRAL and UNIDROIT. The study aims not only to identify these risks of capture but also to provide a legal framework to promote the participation of economic actors in these law-making processes – a key feature to ensure the quality and commercial acceptability of their norms – , while preventing the occurrence of captures, a noxious situation where lawmakers are left without autonomy to conduct their normative functions
Legendre, Rebecca. "Droits fondamentaux et droit international privé : Réflexion en matière personnelle et familiale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020074.
Full textFundamental rights put private international law to the test. First, the context in which private international law operates has evolved. Fundamental rights have created a better, closer, intertwining of the separate state legal orders and have achieved a higher protection for the persons as they experience international mobility. If this evolution does not threaten, as such, the existence of private international law, it must be acknowledged that fundamental rights modify its analysis. Whereas the conflicts between legal orders are transformed into conflicts between values, the hierarchy of interests protected by private international law is replaced by a balancing of these interests. The solutions of private international law are thus disrupted by the enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation. Proportionality is at the source of this disruption. Being a case by case technique of enforcement of fundamental rights, the influence of the proportionality test on private international is uneven. If the proportionality test is found to be overall indifferent to the methods of private international law, its main impact is on the solutions of PIL. The European courts are indeed prone to favour the continuity in the legal situations of the persons, over the defence of the internal cohesion of the state legal orders. As a consequence, private international law is invited to reach liberal solutions. The enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation must hence be clarified so as to maintain a mesure of authority and predictability of the solutions of the rules of conflict of laws, international jurisdiction and recognition of foreign judgements. It is, on the one hand, by methodologically dissociating the enforcement of fundamental rights from the public policy exception and, on the other hand, through an amendment to the proportionality test, that the balance of private international may hopefully be restored