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1
Haigh, Colleen, and n/a. "A history of the School Library Association in Canberra and District : the first decade 1971-1981." University of Canberra. Communication, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060714.120926.
Full textAbstract:
This study traces many of the highlights which occurred during the first decade of the
history of the School Library Association in Canberra and District (SLACAD). The
roots of this association lie deep in the history of school libraries and teacherlibrarianship
in Australia. Many SLACAD members belonged to other state school
library associations and to the Australian School Library Association (ASLA)
confederation since the establishment of these associations in the 1960's. These
teacher-librarians have been dedicated in their attempts to further the cause of school
libraries and their teacher-librarianship profession. The decade covered by this study
embraces the greatest period of expansion in the development of school libraries seen in
Australian history. During this decade the A.C.T. established an independent education
system and it took many years for the A.C.T. Schools Authority administration to
finalise its organisation. SLACAD members were anxious that school libraries in the
A.C.T. should keep pace with school libraries in other Australian states and this study
documents the constant efforts of its members to obtain improvements in school
librarianship. Teacher-librarians in the A.C.T. have continued to maintain a close
liaison with ASLA and many A.C.T. teacher-librarians have held executive office in
ASLA. SLACAD has hosted seminars and conferences and this study documents
numerous submissions and reports which were a necessary feature of the expanding
A.C.T. school library association milieu.
2
Magnussen, Amanda, and n/a. "The development of virtual libraries in Commonwealth libraries in Australia." University of Canberra. Information Management & Tourism, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060829.130944.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines the development of virtual libraries in Commonwealth
libraries in Australia in 1998-1999. The background to the study lies in some of
the current issues in the information sector, and government responses to those
issues.
The study begins by considering the nature of the Australian Commonwealth
Government, reviewing what government libraries are and whom they serve, and
examining the future trends expected to affect Commonwealth libraries. The
current state of virtual library research is then reviewed, and the need for research
in the Commonwealth library sector examined.
The author reviews the virtual library concept as expressed in the literature in the
field, determines what a virtual library is, and gives consideration to why virtual
libraries are being developed. The issues that affect and are affected by virtual
library development are then examined. Based on this, a model of virtual libraries
is formulated, along with a brief consideration of the possible application,
importance and problems associated with each element of the model.
The research design and methods that were used to gather information for this
study are then outlined, along with the inherent limitations of the research model.
Following this, the findings from a survey of virtual library development in
Commonwealth libraries are discussed. The author then conducts some analysis
of these responses, and makes comparisons between different Commonwealth
library responses, as well as comparisons with virtual library studies conducted in
American and Australian academic libraries.
The research concludes by attempting to reach some conclusions about
Commonwealth virtual library development and the validity of the proposed
model of virtual libraries. Flowing from this, recommendations are made for
further research in this field.
3
Byrne, Alex, and n/a. "Online searchers in Australia : backgrounds, experience, attitudes, behaviours, styles and satisfaction." University of Canberra. Communication, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060622.145158.
Full textAbstract:
Online searchers in Australia were studied through six sets
of variables: backgrounds, experience, attitudes, behaviours,
styles and satisfaction. A mailed questionnaire attracted a
response rate of 84.5 per cent.
Respondents were drawn equally from academic and special
libraries. Those in special libraries tended to be more
satisfied with their searches, and favoured adaptability but
not preplanning. Those whose organisations levied charges
appeared to search less often and to have less faith in
controlled vocabularies. A minority with computational
backgrounds tended to have more searching experience.
Many respondents searched infrequently and had conducted low
total numbers of searches. Those searching more often were
less cost conscious, and more in favour of trial-and-error
and reviewing retrieved titles. Searchers who had conducted
more searches favoured trial-and-error , browsing and
reviewing retrieved titles.
Controlled vocabularies, adaptability (related to a
disinclination to review retrieved titles), trial-and-error
and browsing were favoured . Fidel's conceptualist style
tended to be adopted by those favouring trial-and-error. Her
operationalist style was considered routine and positively
related to perceived user satisfaction with searches. Some
concern about cost was related to a tendency to plan
alternative strategies.
4
O'Donnell, David O'Donnell, and n/a. "Re-staging history : historiographic drama from New Zealand and Australia." University of Otago. Department of English, 1999. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070523.151011.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1980s, there has been an increasing emphasis on drama, in live theatre and on film, which re-addresses the ways in which the post-colonial histories of Australia and New Zealand have been written. Why is there such a focus on �historical� drama in these countries at the end of the twentieth century and what does this drama contribute to wider debates about post-colonial history? This thesis aims both to explore the connections between drama and history, and to analyse the interface between live and recorded drama.
In order to discuss these issues, I have used the work of theatre and film critics and historians, supplemented by reference to writers working in the field of post-colonial and performance theory. In particular, I have utilised the methods of Helen Gilbert and Joanne Tompkins in Post-Colonial Drama: Theory, Practice, Politics, beginning with their claim that in the post-colonial situation history has been seen to determine reality itself. I have also drawn on theorists such as Michel Foucault, Linda Hutcheon and Guy Debord who question the �truth� value of official history-writing and emphasize the role of representation in determining popular perceptions of the past. This discussion is developed through reference to contemporary performance theory, particularly the work of Richard Schechner and Marvin Carlson, in order to suggest that there is no clear separation between performance and reality, and that access to history is only possible through re-enactments of it, whether in written or performative forms.
Chapter One is a survey of the development of �historical� drama in theatre and film from New Zealand and Australia. This includes discussion of the diverse cultural and performative traditions which influence this drama, and establishment of the critical methodologies to be used in the thesis. Chapter Two examines four plays which are intercultural re-writings of canonical texts from the European dramatic tradition. In this chapter I analyse the formal and thematic strategies in each of these plays in relation to the source texts, and ask to what extent they function as canonical counter-discourse by offering a critique of the assumptions of the earlier play from a post-colonial perspective. The potential of dramatic representation in forming perceptions of reality has made it an attractive forum for Maori and Aboriginal artists, who are creating theatre which has both a political and a pedagogical function. This discussion demonstrates that much of the impetus towards historiographic drama in both countries has come from Maori and Aboriginal writers and directors working in collaboration with white practitioners. Such collaborations not only advance the project of historiographic drama, but also may form the basis of future theatre practice which departs from the Western tradition and is unique to each of New Zealand and Australia. In Chapter Three I explore the interface between live and recorded performance by comparing plays and films which dramatise similar historical material. I consider the relative effectiveness of theatre and film as media for historiographic critique. I suggest that although film often has a greater cultural impact than theatre, to date live theatre has been a more accessible form of expression for Maori and Aboriginal writers and directors. Furthermore, following theorists such as Brecht and Brook, I argue that such aspects as the presence of the live performer and the design of the physical space shared by actors and audience give theatre considerable potential for creating an immediate engagement with historiographic themes. In Chapter Four, I discuss two contrasting examples of recorded drama in order to highlight the potential of film and television as media for historiographic critique. I question the divisions between the documentary and dramatic genres, and use Derrida�s notion of play to suggest that there is a constant slippage between the dramatic and the real, between the past and the present. In Chapter Five, I summarize the arguments advanced in previous chapters, using the example of the national museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, to illustrate that the �performance� of history has become part of popular culture. Like the interactive displays at Te Papa, the texts studied in this thesis demonstrate that dramatic representation has the potential to re-define perceptions of historical �reality�. With its superior capacity for creating illusion, film is a dynamic medium for exploring the imaginative process of history is that in the live performance the spectator symbolically comes into the presence of the past.
5
McCarthy, Dayton. "The once and future army an organizational, political, and social history of the Citizen Military Forces, 1947-1974/." Connect to this title online, 1997. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-ADFA/public/adt-ADFA20020722.120746/.
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Parr, Linda Jean. "The history of libraries in Halifax & Huddersfield from the mid-sixteenth century to the coming of the public libraries." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1382936/.
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This thesis explores the development of libraries and associated subjects such as the book trade in Halifax and Huddersfield and their environs as defined by Halifax parish and Almondbury, Huddersfield, Kirkburton and Kirkheaton parishes. Chronologically it covers a period of over three centuries from the mid-sixteenth century to the coming of the public libraries in Halifax in 1882 and in Huddersfield in 1898. The Introduction outlines reasons for undertaking this study and includes a literature review. It is followed by six chapters. Chapter 1 describes the economic, religious and educational background to the area to 1830. Chapter 2 on writing, the book trade and libraries from the mid-sixteenth century to the mid-eighteenth century covers the development of bookselling and printing, Church of England and nonconformist libraries and school libraries. Chapter 3 on the book trade and libraries from the mid-eighteenth century to 1830 comprises sections on bookselling and printing, reading and private collections, school libraries, book clubs, subscription libraries, newsrooms, commercial circulating libraries and libraries of churches, chapels and religious organisations. Chapter 4 continues with the economic, religious and educational background for the second part of this study 1830-c. 90. Chapter 5 on secular libraries from 1830 to the coming of the public libraries includes bookselling and printing, reading and private collections, school libraries, subscription libraries, literary and philosophical society libraries and other special libraries, mechanics' institute libraries, factory libraries, commercial circulating libraries, newsrooms and co-operative society libraries. Chapter 6 on libraries attached to churches, chapels and religious organisations for the same period comprises sections on libraries of the Church of England, nonconformist chapels, the Society of Friends and Sunday schools. An Epilogue describes the introduction of public libraries in Halifax and Huddersfield, but their subsequent history is excluded. The thesis ends with a Conclusion.
7
Sendziuk, Paul 1974. "Learning to trust : a history of Australian responses to AIDS." Monash University, School of Historical Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9264.
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8
Laishley, Kathleen Mary. "Cape Town City Libraries: 1952-1972." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4063.
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Magister Artium - MAThe purpose of the study is to investigate the history and development of the Cape Town City Libraries (CTCL) from 1952-1972 and examine the effect of apartheid legislation on establishing a public library system. The study looks at one library service, how it was established, how it adapted to the political and social forces of the time and the services it delivered. Data was sourced from the surviving CTCL archives, interviewing people who worked for CTCL and researching relevant material in the National Library and Archives. Public libraries have aims and functions which are underpinned by a philosophy of free and equal access to all and access to knowledge and books. IFLA defines a public library as an organization that: provides access to knowledge, information and works of imagination through a range of resources and services and is equally available to all members of the community regardless of race, nationality, age, gender, religion, language… (Koontz & Gubbins, 2010). Legislation introduced by the National Party enforced segregation and controlled access to knowledge and books which brought CTCL into conflict with library philosophy. This legislation determined who the CTCL could serve, where they could serve them and what they could serve them. The findings show that CTCL extended the library service to more people and increased the number of facilities, membership and circulation but in a segregated manner. Censorship legislation affected library stock but also induced self-censorship amongst librarians further restricting what was available to patrons. Staff were treated differently because of their racial group
9
Radbone, Ian. "A history of land transport regulation in South Australia : the relevance of public choice theory." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr124.pdf.
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Chan, Kenneth, and n/a. "Chinese history books and other stories." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061020.144139.
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My thesis is a creative writing doctorate which focuses on one Chinese family's
adaptation to living in Australia in the mid-twentieth century. The thesis is in two
parts. Part I is an examination of Chineseness and identity within the context of the
short stories that make up Part I1 of the thesis.
In Part I, I have looked at the place of the Chinese within the larger, dominant cultures
of America and Australia. In particular, I have discussed the way in which the
discourses of the dominant culture have framed Chineseness; and also what it might
mean to describe authentic and essential qualities in Chineseness. The question I ask
is whether the concept of Chineseness shifts according to time, location, history, and
intercultural encounters. This leads me to try to "place" my family and myself. I
provide some background on my family and on specific incidents that have served as
springboards for the fiction. Part I also discusses some aspects of narrative theory in
relation to the stories and considers the stories within the context of other Chinese-
Australian fiction and performance.
Ln Part 11, I have written a collection of nine short stories about the lives of a fictitious
family called the Tangs. The stories can be described as a cycle that is unified and
linked by characters who are protagonists in one story but appear in a minor or
supporting role in other stories. Composing a linked cycle of stories has given me the
opportunity to extend the short story form, especially by giving me scope to expand
the lives of the characters beyond a single story. The lives of the characters can take
on greater complexity since they confront challenges at different stages of their lives
from different perspectives.
11
Edin, Elisabet. ""I thought libraries were about books" : Mål och funktioner inom kreativa rum på australiska bibliotek." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295658.
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Creative spaces, or makerspaces, is an emerging and global phenomenon in libraries. The aim of this study is to examine the objectives that underlie the creative spaces in Australia, expressed by library professionals, as well as the purposes they fulfil in the library context. The material is derived from seven in-depth interviews with staff working with creative spaces at three public and one state library. Additionally, one observation was conducted in the creative space at each of these libraries. “The four spaces model”, created by Danish researchers Henrik Jochumsen, Casper Hvenegaard Rasmussen and Dorte Skot-Hansen, comprises the study's theoretical framework. According to the model, the library's objective is to support the goals: experience, involvement, empowerment and innovation. The library spaces, in which the goals should be supported, are the inspiration space, the learning space, the meeting space and the performative space. The study shows that the most distinct objectives of the creative spaces are experience and empowerment. Involvement and innovation are also present, but not as prominent. Further, the study shows that the purposes fulfilled by the creative spaces places them within the learning space and the meeting space, and to some degree in the inspiration space and the performative space. Findings reveal that creative spaces support STEM-based (science, technology, engineering and maths) learning and digital literacy through both collaborative and individual learning. The learning takes place in informal settings where play is a significant factor. The creative spaces function as “high-intensive” meeting places for the local community, and the library professionals highlight the importance of the social aspects of the creative spaces. This is a two years' master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.
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Kent, David Martin, and n/a. "The Place of Go-Set in Rock & Pop Music Culture in Australia, 1966 to 1974." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050509.095456.
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This is the first academic examination of the place and history of works produced by
Go-Set Publications in studies of contemporary Australian teenage culture.
Go-Set (Go-Set Publications, Melbourne) is perhaps the single most significant musicbased
newspaper in the history of Australian teenage popular culture. Go-Set reflected
the teenage culture of the period 1966 to 1974, helping create a dynamic
independently thriving Australian rock music scene from 1969. It was independently
owned and operated, set its own agendas and defined its own place in Australian
teenage society.
Go-Set's history is given as a biography (following van Zuilen (1977) in distinct
stages from birth till death, highlighting the important landmarks of its life. In
particular Go-Set led culturally by developing the first National Top-40 song chart. It
provided musicians and non-musicians with weekly updates on the nature of the
Australia's teenage music-based societal culture. It led in the development of a
teenage counter-culture by keeping readers informed about alternative thinking and
ideologies through the views of pop/rock stars, and later, more editorially directly,
through its radical sister publication Revolution.
Go-Set survived because readers continued to support it. It both entertained and
informed. It gave young Australians the necessary knowledge, instruction, and advice
to keep them up-to-date in a changing social scene
To explain why Go-Set was so important to its readers, this thesis postulates a series
of six speculative models describing how readers might have used the newspaper.
These models suggest a process of usage relevant to teenage socialisation, by defining
the criteria for acceptance of Go-Set's content as sets of instructions, or codes, of
particular social relevance, namely the codes of personal life, music, fashion, and
alternative lifestyle. The models postulate some sociological and psychological
reasons for reading Go-Set, and suggest why the magazine was so successful during a
period when other, similar, magazines failed.
13
Page, Timothy J., and n/a. "An Evolutionary History of the Freshwater Shrimp Family Atyidae in Australia." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070725.120145.
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The aim of this thesis is to use phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA to investigate the biogeography and evolutionary relationships within the freshwater shrimp family Atyidae in Australia at a nested series of scales, both geographic and systematic. At the largest scale, the relationships between Australian and Indo-West Pacific species were inferred using the two most common atyid genera in Australia, Caridina and Paratya. Most atyids are hypothesised to have colonised Australia from Southeast Asia, but Paratya may be a Gondwanan relict given its distribution. Australian Paratya all form a strong clade, with a sister relationship to species from Tasman Sea islands. Molecular clock estimates place all of the splits within Paratya after the break-up of Gondwana, with Australia being colonised once 3½-8½ million years ago. This transoceanic dispersal is conjectured to have taken place through oceanic currents because of the amphidromous life cycle of some taxa of Paratya. Caridina has a very different biogeographic history in Australia, as numerous Australian species have close evolutionary relationships with non-Australian taxa from locations throughout the region. This implies many colonisations to or from Australia over a long period, and thus highlights the surprising adeptness of freshwater shrimp in dispersal across ocean barriers and the unity of much of the region's freshwater biota. A number of potential species radiations within Australia were also identified. This agrees with patterns detected for a large number of Australian freshwater taxa, and implies a vicariant explanation due to the development of colder, dryer climates. The systematic relationships of the remaining two Australian surface genera (Caridinides, Australatya) and two subterranean genera (Parisia, Pycnisia) were also investigated. Australatya forms a strong clade with Pacific 'Atya-like' genera, and Caridinides falls within a clade containing Australian Caridina. The hypogean genera, Parisia and Pycnisia, form a strong clade in all analyses, implying an Australian subterranean speciation. The possibility of a relationship between Parisia/Pycnisia and some Australian Caridina species may have implications for the monophyly of the highly disjunct genus Parisia, as it may descend from local Caridina species and represent convergent morphologies. The common and speciose genus Caridina was used as a model taxon for analyses within Australia. At the medium scale, molecular taxonomic techniques were used to uncover cryptic species within a problematic east Australian species complex. At least five species were detected. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses were carried out on each of these five cryptic species, which diverged from each other in the late Miocene/Pliocene. There were very large differences between the species in the scales of overall geographic distribution, intraspecific divergence and population structure. These were characterised as either: 1) species with large ranges, low intraspecific divergence, limited phylogeographic structuring (Caridina sp. D); 2) species with large ranges, high intraspecific divergence, a high level of phylogeographic structuring (sp. B); 3) species with a limited range, low intraspecific divergence, no phylogeographic structuring (sp. E); or 4) species with limited ranges, high intraspecific divergences, a high level of phylogeographic structuring (sp. A & C). These patterns reflect a combination of large-scale factors, such as landscape structure and climate change, and small-scale factors, such as species-specific tolerances to local conditions and differing dispersal capabilities. Life history variation (egg size) between species may be correlated with different dispersal abilities. Species with the smallest eggs have the least intraspecific divergence and largest distribution, while those with the biggest eggs have the most divergence and smallest distribution, with medium-sized egg species in between. At the smallest phylogeographic scale, C. sp. C from the sand dune islands of Moreton Bay in southeastern Queensland was further analysed. Two different lineages (C1, C2) were found which diverged from each other during the late Miocene/Pliocene and so are older than the current landscape in which they are found. Small-scale phylogeographic analyses within C1, C2 and a sympatric fish identified divergences dating to the Pleistocene (about 100-300 thousand years ago). This implies that ice age sea-level changes may have structured these populations, although there is little observable influence of the last glacial maximum (about 18 thousand years ago). This study has highlighted a number of taxonomic anomalies within the Atyidae. The detection of many cryptic species implies that biodiversity within freshwater invertebrates is higher than currently appreciated. The evolutionary and biogeographic relationships of Australian atyids have proved complex, with many taxa having their own individual histories. At the large Indo-Pacific scale, dispersal is most evident, but within Australia, both vicariance and dispersal have been responsible for structuring all taxa at every scale.
14
Parker, Pauline Frances, and paulinefparker@gmail com. "Girls, Empowerment and Education: a History of the Mac. Robertson Girls' High School 1905-2005." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080516.164340.
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Despite the considerable significance of publicly funded education in the making of Australian society, state school histories are few in number. In comparison, most corporate and private schools have cemented their sense of community and tradition through full-length publications. This history attempts to redress this imbalance. It is an important social history because this school, Mac.Robertson Girls' High School can trace its origins back to 1905, to the very beginnings of state secondary education when the Melbourne Continuation School (MCS), later Melbourne High School (MHS) and Melbourne Girls' high School (MGHS) was established. Since it is now recognised that there are substantial state, regional and other differences between schools and their local communities, studies of individual schools are needed to underpin more general overviews of particular issues. This history, then, has wider significance: it traces strands of the development of girls' education in Victoria, thus examining the significance and dynamics of single-sex schooling, the education of girls more generally, and, importantly, girls' own experiences (and memories of experiences) of secondary schooling, as well as the meaning they made of those experiences. 'Girls, Education and Empowerment: A History of The Mac.Robertson Girls' High School 1905-2005', departs from traditional models of school history writing that tend to focus on the decision-makers and bureaucrats in education as well as documenting the most 'successful' former students who have made their mark in the world. Drawing on numerous narrative sources and documentary evidence, this history is organised thematically to contextualise and examine what is was like, and meant, to be a girl at this school (Melbourne Continuation School 1905-12; Melbourne High School 1912-27; Melbourne Girls' High School 1927-34, and Mac.Robertson Girls' High School from 1934) during a century of immense social, economic, political and educational change.
15
Santos, Beatriz, and res cand@acu edu au. "From El Salvador to Australia: a 20th century exodus to a promised land." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp126.25102006.
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El Salvador, the smallest and the most densely populated state in the region of Central America, was gripped by a civil war in the 1980s that resulted in the exodus of more than a million people. This thesis explores the causes that led to the exodus. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part contains a historical and theoretical analysis of El Salvador from the time of conquest until the 1980s. An examination of the historical background of the socio-economic and political conflict in El Salvador during this period sets the scene for an account of the mass exodus of Salvadorans in the 1980s. The second part of the thesis involves a qualitative study of Salvadoran refugees, which concentrates on their experiences before and after arriving in Australia. The study explores both the reasons for the Salvadorans’ becoming refugees and their resettlement in Melbourne. In an effort to explain some of the reasons for the socio-economic and political conflict in El Salvador in the 1980s, some concepts and ideas from different theoretical perspectives are utilized: modernisation theory, world-systems theory, dependency theory, elite theory, Foco theory of revolution and economic rationalism. The historical account covers the period from the expansion of the European world economy in the 16th century up to the political conflict of the 1980s. When the Salvadorans began to arrive in Melbourne, the micro-economic agenda in Australia was based on economic rationalism. This shifted the focus away from the state and onto a market-based approach that emphasised vigorous competition and fore grounded a non-collective social framework. The changes to policies in the welfare and immigration areas resulting from this shift are examined for their impact on the resettlement experiences of Salvadoran refugees. The United States foreign policy is also delineated because of the impact it had on the political, economic and social situation in El Salvador. The thesis focused on the time-period from the 1823 Monroe Doctrine to the era of the Cold War of ‘containment of communism’. The Catholic Church has also played a major influence in the political, social and religious life of Salvadorans. The changes that occurred in the post-1965 renewal of the Catholic Church were influential in the political struggles in El Salvador. The second part of the thesis involves a qualitative research study of a small group of 14 Salvadoran refugees. Participants were selected from different professional, educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. The study examines their flight from El Salvador, their arrival in Australia and their long-term experiences of resettlement. Tracking the experiences of refugees over a considerable period of time has seldom been the focus of a research study in Australia. The Salvadorans have been under-researched and no longitudinal studies have been conducted. The Salvadorans who took part in the study became refugees for diverse reasons ranging from political/religious reasons to random repression but certainly not for economic reasons. Their past experiences have influenced their resettlement in Australia and their attempts to build their lives anew have been fraught with difficulties. The difficulties in acquiring a working knowledge of the English language have often led to a downgrading in their professional and employment qualifications, isolation from the mainstream community and the experience of loneliness for the older generation. In addition, many of the participants still experience fear both in Australia and in their home country when they return for a visit. The findings indicate that the provision of extra services, such as counselling, could facilitate their resettlement and integration into Australian society.
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Jayawickrema, Jacintha. "A reconstruction of the ecological history of Longneck Lagoon New South Wales, Australia /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050720.135957/index.html.
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Smith, Charlotte H. F., and n/a. "The house enshrined: the great man and social history house museums in the United States and Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environment & Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050701.140057.
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This thesis is a study of the origins and rationale of two categories of house
museum - here named "Great Man" and "Social History" - in the United States
and Australia. An examination of cultural, social and historical change provides
the context for the genres' evolution.
The Great Man genre was born in mid nineteenth-century America when two
houses associated with George Washington - Hasbrouck House and Mount
Vernon - were preserved and translated to museum status. Mount Vernon quickly
became the exemplar for house museums.
Civil religion, a secular nationalism that adopted the forms and rituals of church
religion, focusing on hero worship, pilgrimage and contemplation of transcendent
collective purpose, provided the ideology that sustained the new museum type.
Great Man house museums became the shrines at which such rituals could be
practiced.
In the early twentieth-century the specialization of heritage organizations
encouraged a new breed of heritage professional. Largely fabric focused, these
"new museum men" influenced philosophy, management and conservation
practice at house museums throughout the century.
Social history made its impact upon house museums in the latter decades of the
twentieth century. The paradigm encouraged the creation of a new category of
house museum. Existing Great Man house museums adopted some of its
characteristics though never lost their hero worship foundations. In fact, I posit
that the idea of hero worship was transferred to the new genre.
The birth and evolution of the two categories of house museum is demonstrated
through four biographical studies: Vaucluse House in Sydney; Monticello in
Charlottesville VA; the Lower East Side Tenement Museum in New York City;
and Susannah Place Museum in Sydney. I believe the findings demonstrate an
argument that applies at hundreds of house museums in the United States and
Australia.
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Protopopov, Michael Alex, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Russian Orthodox Presence In Australia: The History of a Church told from recently opened archives and previously unpublished sources." Australian Catholic University. School of Philosophy and Theology, 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp87.09042006.
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The Russian Orthodox community is a relatively small and little known group in Australian society, however, the history of the Russian presence in Australia goes back to 1809. As the Russian community includes a number of groups, both Christian and non-Christian, it would not be feasible to undertake a complete review of all aspects of the community and consequently, this work limits itself in scope to the Russian Orthodox community. The thesis broadly chronicles the development of the Russian community as it struggles to become a viable partner in Australia’s multicultural society. Many never before published documents have been researched and hitherto closed archives in Russia have been accessed. To facilitate this research the author travelled to Russia, the United States and a number of European centres to study the archives of pre-Soviet Russian communities. Furthermore, the archives and publications of the Australian and New Zealand Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church have been used extensively. The thesis notes the development of Australian-Russian relations as contacts with Imperial Russian naval and scientific ships visiting the colonies increase during the 1800’s and traces this relationship into the twentieth century. With the appearance of a Russian community in the nineteenth century, attempts were made to establish the Russian Orthodox Church on Australian soil. However, this did not eventuate until the arrival of a number of groups of Russian refugees after the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War (1918-1922). As a consequence of Australia’s “Populate or Perish” policy following the Second World War, the numbers of Russian and other Orthodox Slavic displaced persons arriving in this country grew to such an extent that the Russian Church was able to establish a diocese in Australia, and later in New Zealand. The thesis then divides the history of the Russian Orthodox presence into chapters dealing with the administrative epochs of each of the ruling bishops. This has proven to be a suitable matrix for study as each period has its own distinct personalities and issues. The successes, tribulations and challengers of the Church in Australia are chronicled up to the end of the twentieth century. However, a further chapter deals with the issue of the Church’s prospects in Australia and its relevance to future generations of Russian Orthodox people. As the history of the Russians in this country has received little attention in the past, this work gives a broad spectrum of the issues, people and events associated with the Russian community and society at large, whilst opening up new opportunities for further research.
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Morrison, Christopher S. "A regional investigation of the thermal and fluid flow history of the Drummond Basin, Central Queensland, Australia /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20030526.073825/index.html.
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McLennan, Bruce Clark. "Contemporary maritime pressures and their implications for naval force structure planning." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070315.111709/index.html.
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Kako, Mayumi, and mayumi kako@flinders edu au. "From uncertainty to certainty? A discourse analysis of nursing professionalisation in South Australia since the 1950s." Flinders University. Nursing and Midiwifery, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080923.101618.
Full textAbstract:
This study was undertaken using Foucaults genealogical approach to explore an aspect in the governmentality of the nursing profession from the 1950s to the present. It uses developments in the education of nurses in South Australia as a case in point, but includes, at all stages, a concomitant analysis of global trends in the profession and education of nurses. Hence, data were collected from historical documents such as government reports, professional nursing journals, nursing text books and curriculum documents across the period for analysis, from South Australia and Flinders University as a particular case. I thought of these texts as data and examples of the production of discourses about nursing education and practice influenced by the Foucauldian method of process of The Archaeology of Knowledge (1972). These discourses produced in both social and professional spheres mirror the sociological knowledge development of the professionalisation agenda that has enveloped the process of professional legitimacy since the Second World War. The interactions are described intertextuality, with each chapter in this thesis presenting the interconnectedness of a variety of discourses. The Foucauldian perspective achieved the purpose of seeking how nursing was shaped by the society and influenced society to form what constituted a nursing professional, to the present time.
Uncertainty in the nursing profession was the key concept found in the investigation. Nursing attempted to reduce uncertainty by regulating nursing education, and by setting boundaries for the practice of professional nursing. This governmentality generation process reflects other forms of surveillance developed during the late 20th century, and was used to establish the subjectivity of nurses in terms of who has the right to define nursing and its knowledge systems. The role of the nurse and the requirements for a nurse were emphasised as personal characteristics rather than as professional behaviour when nurse training occurred solely in the hospitals. Who defined the role of nurse and who could be a nurse was decided by medical officers and administrators rather than nurses themselves. As the description of the role of the nurse was expanded to the social sphere, the debates about the appropriate place for nursing students training was influential in bringing about change. Establishing nursing education in the tertiary sector facilitated the professionalisation of nursing. I explored curriculum development as an example of the internal governmentality of nursing. The historical analysis of curriculum development processes at an Australian university and its antecedent organisations, showed how nursing educators think about nursing and the role of nurse and how they reflect these requirements in the teaching of nursing students. The way of thinking about nursing and the professional nurse role was also actively observed in the discourses arguing for the use of the thinking tools of nursing such as the nursing process, other problem-solving approaches and latterly for the use of clinical reasoning.
This study uncovered the process of handling uncertainty internal and external to nursing through processes of professional education. Uncertainty control was an essential in nursing education and thinking tools were key in the process for nursing educators to re-set the parameters of nursing. Professional education aims to develop both the individual nurse and the profession, as a whole, which may lead to conflicts of interest. Therefore, it is important for nurse educators to be aware of these potential conflicts of interests in their governmental strategies. It is also necessary to develop an interactive and corroborative curriculum that includes the many stakeholders interested in the development of the nursing profession.
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Battiston, Simone. "History and collective memory of the Italian migrant workers' organisation FILEF in 1970s Melbourne /." Access full text, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20070823.143852/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--La Trobe University, 2004.Research. "A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, [to the] School of European and Historical Studies, Faculty of Humanities, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-197). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Henderson, Peter Charles. "A history of the Australian extreme right since 1950 /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030924.134813/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002."A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, December 2002, School of Humanities, University of Western Sydney" Bibliography : p. [419]-451.
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Gibson, Lisanne, and L. Gibson@mailbox gu edu au. "Art and Citizenship- Governmental Intersections." Griffith University. School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies, 1999. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030226.085219.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis argues that the relations between culture and government are best viewed through an analysis of the programmatic and institutional contexts for the use of culture as an interface in the relations between citizenship and government. Discussion takes place through an analysis of the history of art programmes which, in seeking to target a 'general' population, have attempted to equip this population with various particular capacities. We aim to provide a history of rationalities of art administration. This will provide us with an approach through which we might understand some of the seemingly irreconcilable policy discourses which characterise contemporary discussion of government arts funding. Research for this thesis aims to make a contribution to historical research on arts institutions in Australia and provide a base from which to think about the role of government in culture in contemporary Australia. In order to reflect on the relations between government and culture the thesis discusses the key rationales for the conjunction of art, citizenship and government in post-World War Two (WWII) Australia to the present day. Thus, the thesis aims to contribute an overview of the discursive origins of the main contemporary rationales framing arts subvention in post-WWII Australia. The relations involved in the government of culture in late eighteenth-century France, nineteenth-century Britain, America in the 1930s and Britain during WWII are examined by way of arguing that the discursive influences on government cultural policy in Australia have been diverse. It is suggested in relation to present day Australian cultural policy that more effective terms of engagement with policy imperatives might be found in a history of the funding of culture which emphasises the plurality of relations between governmental programmes and the self-shaping activities of citizens. During this century there has been a shift in the political rationality which organises government in modern Western liberal democracies. The historical case studies which form section two of the thesis enable us to argue that, since WWII, cultural programmes have been increasingly deployed on the basis of a governmental rationality that can be described as advanced or neo-liberal. This is both in relation to the forms these programmes have taken and in relation to the character of the forms of conduct such programmes have sought to shape in the populations they act upon. Mechanisms characteristic of such neo-liberal forms of government are those associated with the welfare state and include cultural programmes. Analysis of governmental programmes using such conceptual tools allows us to interpret problems of modern social democratic government less in terms of oppositions between structure and agency and more in terms of the strategies and techniques of government which shape the activities of citizens. Thus, the thesis will approach the field of cultural management not as a field of monolithic decision making but as a domain in which there are a multiplicity of power effects, knowledges, and tactics, which react to, or are based upon, the management of the population through culture. The thesis consists of two sections. Section one serves primarily to establish a set of historical and theoretical co-ordinates on which the more detailed historical work of the thesis in section two will be based. We conclude by emphasising the necessity for the continuation of a mix of policy frameworks in the construction of the relations between art, government and citizenship which will encompass a focus on diverse and sometimes competing policy goals.
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McGlashan, Dugald James, and piscador@hotmail com. "Consequences of Dispersal, Stream Structure and Earth History on Patterns of Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Variation of Three Species of Australian Freshwater Fish." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030226.152217.
Full textAbstract:
Freshwater systems offer important opportunities to investigate the consequences of intrinsic biological and extrinsic environmental factors on the distribution of genetic variation, and hence population genetic structure. Drainages serve to isolate populations and so preserve historical imprints of population processes. Nevertheless, dispersal between and within drainages is important if the biology of the species confers a good dispersal capability. Knowledge of the population genetic structure or phylogeographic patterns of Australia's freshwater fish fauna is generally depauperate, and the present study aimed to increase this knowledge by investigating patterns of genetic diversity in three Australian species of freshwater fish. I was interested in the relative importance of dispersal capability, the hierarchical nature of stream structure and the consequences of earth history events on patterns of genetic diversity among populations. I examined three species from three families of Australian freshwater fish, Pseudomugil signifer (Pseudomugilidae), Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum (Atherinidae) and Hypseleotris compressa (Gobiidae). These species are abundant, have wide overlapping distributions and qualitatively different dispersal capabilities. I was interested in attempting to unravel how the biological, environmental and historical factors had served to influence the patterns and extent of genetic diversity within each species, thereby inferring some of the important evolutionary processes which have affected Australia's freshwater fauna. I used allozyme and 500-650bp sequences from the ATPase6 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene to quantify the patterns of genetic variation at several hierarchical levels: within populations, among populations within drainages and among drainages. I collected fish at several spatial scales, from species wide to multiple samples within drainages; samples were collected from the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales. The species with the highest potential for dispersal, H. compressa, exhibited the lowest levels of genetic differentiation as measured at several allozyme loci (H. compressa: FST=0.014; P. signifer FST=0.58; C. stercusmuscarum FST=0.74). Populations of H. compressa also had low levels of mtDNA differentiation, with many recently derived haplotypes which were widespread along the coast of Queensland. This suggested either considerable gene flow occurs or recent demographic change in the populations sampled. As there was no relationship between geographic distance and genetic differentiation, the populations appeared to be out of genetic drift - gene flow equilibrium, assuming the two-dimensional stepping stone model of gene flow. Estimating contemporary gene flow was thus difficult. It was apparent that there has been a recent population expansion and / or contraction of H. compressa populations. It was concluded that there has been considerably more connectivity among populations of H. compressa in the recent past than either of the other study species. Populations of P. signifer showed considerable genetic subdivision at different hierarchical levels throughout the sampled range, indicating gene flow was restricted, especially between separate drainages. Two widely divergent regional groups which had high ATPase6 sequence divergence and approximately concordant patterns at allozyme loci were identified. Interestingly, the groups mirrored previous taxonomic designations. There was also significant subdivision among drainages within regional groups. For example, the adjacent Mulgrave-Russell and Johnstone drainages had individuals with haplotypes that were reciprocally monophyletic and had large allozyme frequency differences. This allowed me to examine the patterns of genetic differentiation among populations within drainages of two essentially independent, but geographically close systems. There was as much allozyme differentiation among populations within subcatchments as there was between subcatchments within drainages, and significant isolation by distance among all populations sampled within a drainage. This suggested that the estuarine confluence between subcatchments was not a barrier to P. signifer, but that distance was an important component in the determination of the distribution of genetic diversity within drainages in P. signifer. There were three main areas of investigation for C. stercusmuscarum: comparing upland and lowland streams of the drainages in north Queensland, investigating the consequences of eustasy on coastal margin populations and examining the intriguing distribution of the two putative sub species, C. s. stercusmuscarum and C. s. fulvus in south east Queensland. First, as populations in upland areas of east coast flowing rivers are above large discontinuities in the river profile, their occurrence is presumably the result of gene flow to and / or from lowland areas, or the result of invasions via the diversion of western flowing rivers. Concordant patterns at both genetic markers revealed that the latter possibility was the most likely, with fixed allozyme differences between upland and lowland populations, and large mtDNA sequence divergence. Indeed, it appeared that there may have been two independent invasions into the upland areas of rivers in North Queensland. Second, lowland east coast populations also had large, although not as pronounced, levels of population subdivision. Lack of isolation by distance, but with a concomitant high level of genetic differentiation among many comparisons, was consistent with a scenario of many small, isolated subpopulations over the range. Interestingly, widespread populations in central Queensland coastal populations (drainages which receive the lowest rainfall) were relatively genetically similar. This was consistent with the widest part of the continental shelf which at periods of lower sea level apparently formed a large interconnected drainage, illustrating the effect of eustatic changes on populations inhabiting a continental margin. Third, putative C. s. fulvus in lowland coastal Queensland drainages were genetically more similar to a population of C. s. fulvus collected from a tributary of the Murray-Darling (western flowing) than they were to adjacent putative C. s. stercusmuscarum. This implied that populations in south east Queensland, north to approximately the Burnett River, appeared to be derived from western flowing streams, and not via dispersal from other lowland east coast populations. Determining the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the development of population genetic structure is a difficult task. The present study demonstrated that the species with the highest dispersal potential had the lowest levels of genetic differentiation, waterfalls can limit gene flow, eustasy acts to join and separate populations leading to complex genetic patterns and that drainage rearrangements are important in determining the distribution of genetic diversity of populations now inhabiting isolated drainages. A difficulty with generalising about population genetic structure in obligate freshwater animals is the unique history of not only each drainage, but also the streams within that drainage and the idiosyncratic biological dynamics of the populations inhabiting those drainages.
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Castleman, Beverley Dawn, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Changes in the Australian Commonwealth departmental machinery of government: 1928-1982." Deakin University, 1992. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.095625.
Full textAbstract:
The Commonwealth departmental machinery of government is changed by using Orders in Council to create, abolish or change the name of departments. Since 1906 governments have utilised a particular form of Order in Council, the Administrative Arrangements Order (AAO), as the means to reallocate functions between departments for administration. After 1928 successive governments from Scullin to Fraser gradually streamlined and increasingly used the formal processes for the executive to change departmental arrangements and the practical role of Parliament, in the process of change, virtually disappeared.
From 1929 to 1982, 105 separate departments were brought into being, as new departments or through merger, and 91 were abolished, following the merger of their functions in one way or another with other departments. These figures exclude 6 situations where the change was simply that of name alone. Several hundred less substantial transfers of responsibilities were also made between departments.
This dissertation describes, documents and analyses all these changes. The above changes can be distilled down to 79 events termed primary decisions. Measures of the magnitude of change arising from the decisions are developed with 157.25 units of change identified as occurring during the period, most being in the Whitlam and Fraser periods.
The reasons for the changes were assessed and classified as occurring for reasons of policy, administrative logic or cabinet comfort. 47.2% of the units of change were attributed to policy, 34.9% to administrative logic, 17% to cabinet comfort. Further conclusions are drawn from more detailed analysis of the change and the reasons for the changes.
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Sharp, Roma. "A history of public housing in Western Australia: The workers' homes board and state housing commission: Precursors of Homeswest." Thesis, Sharp, Roma (1993) A history of public housing in Western Australia: The workers' homes board and state housing commission: Precursors of Homeswest. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1993. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41517/.
Full textAbstract:
Public housing in Australia and elsewhere has been, until recently, a neglected area of historical research. The social importance of housing is undeniable and, as such, a history of public housing in Western Australia is well overdue.
This history of public housing in Western Australia is essentially an examination of two organisations: the Workers' Homes Board, established in 1912, and its post-World War II successor, the State Housing Commisson, since 1985 trading as Homeswest. The thesis is not so much an institutional history as an account of the key factors which shaped the nature of public housing in this State: demand for workforce housing by industry; demand for housing from people with low incomes; and the need for the state to encourage population and economic growth. Material factors, particularly in the immediate post-World War II period, have also impacted on the provision of public housing, as has the physical size and climatic variation of the State.
This thesis provides evidence of the use of public housing as an instrument for social control in Western Australia, which is associated with the notion of housing as a reward, rather than a right. However, evidence is also provided to demonstrate that the policies and activities of both the Workers' Homes Board and the State Housing Commission were shaped by the agency of their clients, as well as by community values and opinions.
The state's role in the provision of public housing m Western Australia has been found to have been largely positive. It has contributed to economic growth and resource development, provided infrastructure to attract industry, attracted migrants in the post war period with the promise of housing, and collaborated with other governments to decentralise a Perth-based bureaucracy. Most significantly, it has provided affordable housing for the State's low income earners and their families.
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Jennings, Reece. "The medical profession and the state in South Australia, 1836-1975 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdj54.pdf.
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Peach, Deborah, and n/a. "Improving the Provision of Learning Assistance Services in Higher Education." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040319.163140.
Full textAbstract:
This study is motivated by the need to look continually for ways to improve Griffith Universitys learning assistance services so that they meet the changing needs of stakeholders and are at the same time cost-effective and efficient. This study uses the conceptual tools of cultural-historical activity theory and expansive visibilisation to investigate the development and transformation of learning assistance services at Griffith University, one of Australia's largest multi-campus universities. Cultural-historical activity is a powerful theoretical framework that acknowledges the importance of dimensions such as cultural context, local setting, collective understanding, and the influence of historical variables on interactions in settings. Expansive visibilisation is a practical four-stage process that was used in this study to make visible and analysable the work context of the Learning Assistance Unit. The study uses these conceptual tools to illustrate how learning assistance services at the University have moved through several stages of historical development and that historical variables, such as the political setting and physical location of services continue to influence current work practices. The investigation involved gathering data through interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders in order to map the University's Learning Assistance Unit as an activity system that appears to have separated out from the overall activity system of the University. It involved making visible problems and tensions in the activity system, and identifying ways of improving future practice. The study reveals problem clusters and underlying tensions amongst the interacting activity systems of the Learning Assistance Unit, faculty, library and student. These problem clusters relate to different understandings about the purpose of the Learning Assistance Unit and the role of the learning adviser, the difficulties in offering a quality service on a restricted budget, and tensions between contextualised and de-contextualised learning assistance. The study suggests that resolving these tensions depends on staff taking an active role in critically examining their practice, in particular the way that they collaborate with key stakeholders in the learning environment. The dissertation concludes by suggesting that one way forward is to expand the activity system on its socio-spatial, temporal, moral-ideological, and systemic-developmental dimensions (Engeström, 1999c).
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Vickery, Edward Louis, and annaeddy@cyberone com au. "Telling Australia's story to the world: The Department of Information 1939-1950." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040721.123626.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the organisation and operation of the Australian Governments Department of Information that operated from 1939 to 1950. Equal weighting is given to
the wartime and peacetime halves of the Departments existence, allowing a balanced assessment of the Departments role and development from its creation through to its
abolition. The central issue that the Department had to address was: what was an appropriate and acceptable role for a government information organisation in Australias democratic political system? The issue was not primarily one of formal restrictions on the governments power but rather of the accepted conception of the role of government. No societal consensus had been established before the Department was thrust into dealing with this issue on a practical basis. While the application of the Departments censorship function attracted considerable comment, the procedures were clear and accepted.
Practices laid down in World War I were revived and followed, while arguments were over degree rather than kind. It was mainly in the context of its expressive functions that the
Department had to confront the fundamental issue of its role. This study shows that the development of the Department was driven less by sweeping ministerial pronouncements
than through a series of pragmatic incremental responses to circumstances as they arose.
This Departmental approach was reinforced by its organisational weakness. The Departments options in its relations with media organisations and other government agencies were, broadly, competition, compulsion and cooperation. Competition was never
widely pursued and the limits of compulsion in regard to its expressive functions were rapidly reached and withdrawn from. Particularly through to 1943 the Department struggled when it sought to assert its position against the claims of other government
agencies and commercial organisations. Notwithstanding some high profile conflicts, this study shows that the Department primarily adopted a cooperative stance, seeking to
supplement rather than supplant the work of other organisations. Following the 1943 Federal elections the Department was strengthened by stable and focused leadership as well
as the development of its own distribution channels and outlets whose audience was primarily overseas. While some elements, such as the film unit, remained reasonably
politically neutral, the Department as a whole was increasingly employed to promote the message of the Government of the day. This led to a close identification of the Department
with the Labor Party, encouraging the Departments abolition following the Coalition parties victory in the 1949 Federal elections. Nevertheless in developing its role the Department had remained within the mainstream of administrative practice in Australia.
While some of its staff assumed a greater public profile than had been the practice for prewar public servants, this was not unusual or exceptional at that time. Partly through the efforts of the Department, the accepted conception of the role of government had expanded
sufficiently by 1950 that despite the abolition of the Department most of its functions continued within the Australian public sector.
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Parsons, Meg. "Spaces of Disease: the creation and management of Aboriginal health and disease in Queensland 1900-1970." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5572.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Indigenous health is one of the most pressing issues confronting contemporary Australian society. In recent years government officials, medical practitioners, and media commentators have repeatedly drawn attention to the vast discrepancies in health outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. However a comprehensive discussion of Aboriginal health is often hampered by a lack of historical analysis. Accordingly this thesis is a historical response to the current Aboriginal health crisis and examines the impact of colonisation on Aboriginal bodies in Queensland during the early to mid twentieth century. Drawing upon a wide range of archival sources, including government correspondence, medical records, personal diaries and letters, maps and photographs, I examine how the exclusion of Aboriginal people from white society contributed to the creation of racially segregated medical institutions. I examine four such government-run institutions, which catered for Aboriginal health and disease during the period 1900-1970. The four institutions I examine – Barambah Aboriginal Settlement, Peel Island Lazaret, Fantome Island lock hospital and Fantome Island leprosarium – constituted the essence of the Queensland Government’s Aboriginal health policies throughout this time period. The Queensland Government’s health policies and procedures signified more than a benevolent interest in Aboriginal health, and were linked with Aboriginal (racial) management strategies. Popular perceptions of Aborigines as immoral and diseased directly affected the nature and focus of government health services to Aboriginal people. In particular the Chief Protector of Aboriginals Office’s uneven allocation of resources to medical segregation facilities and disease controls, at the expense of other more pressing health issues, specifically nutrition, sanitation, and maternal and child health, materially contributed to Aboriginal ill health. This thesis explores the purpose and rationales, which informed the provision of health services to Aboriginal people. The Queensland Government officials responsible for Aboriginal health, unlike the medical authorities involved in the management of white health, did not labour under the task of ensuring the liberty of their subjects but rather were empowered to employ coercive technologies long since abandoned in the wider medical culture. This particularly evident in the Queensland Government’s unwillingness to relinquish or lessen its control over diseased Aboriginal bodies and the continuation of its Aboriginal-only medical isolation facilities in the second half of the twentieth century. At a time when medical professionals and government officials throughout Australia were almost universally renouncing institutional medical solutions in favour of more community-based approaches to ill health and diseases, the Queensland Government was pushing for the creation of new, and the continuation of existing, medical segregation facilities for Aboriginal patients. In Queensland the management of health involved inherently spatialised and racialised practices. However spaces of Aboriginal segregation did not arise out of an uncomplicated or consistent rationale of racial segregation. Rather the micro-histories of Fantome Island leprosarium, Peel Island Lazaret, Fantome Island lock hospital and Barambah Aboriginal Settlement demonstrate that competing logics of disease quarantine, reform, punishment and race management all influenced the ways in which the Government chose to categorise, situate and manage Aboriginal people (their bodies, health and diseases). Evidence that the enterprise of public health was, and still is, closely aligned with the governance of populations.
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Hope, Cathy, and n/a. "A History of the Sydney and Melbourne Film Festivals, 1945-1972: negotiating between culture and industry." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050630.130907.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a history of the Sydney and Melbourne International Film Festivals, and covers the years from 1945 to 1972. Based primarily on archival material, it is an organisational history dealing with the attempts by the two Film Festivals to negotiate between the demands of �culture� and �industry� throughout this period. The thesis begins with a consideration of the origins of the Festivals in the post-war period �with the attempts by non-Hollywood producers to break into the cinema market, the collapse of the �mass audience�, and the growth of the film society movement in Australia. The thesis then examines the establishment in the early 1950s of the Sydney and Melbourne Festivals as small, amateur events, run by and for film enthusiasts. It then traces the Festivals� historical development until 1972, by which time both Festivals had achieved an important status as social and cultural organisations within Australia. The main themes dealt with throughout this period of development include the Festivals� difficult negotiations with both the international and domestic film trade, their ongoing internal debates over their role and purpose as cultural organisations, their responses to the appearance of other international film festivals in Australia, their relation to the Australian film industry, and their fight to liberalise Australia�s film censorship regulations.
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Shields, Remesia. "William Beer: An Englishman's Role in Libraries, Literature and Society in New Orleans, 1891-1927." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1669.
Full textAbstract:
In 1891, an Englishman named William Beer arrived in New Orleans, Louisiana, to take up the position as librarian of Tulane University's Howard Library. Beer quickly gained a reputation as a competent and knowledgeable librarian by bolstering the Louisiana collection at the Howard Library with maps, rare books and Louisiana historical documents. In 1896, Beer played a central role in the organization and opening of the first free and public library in New Orleans, the Fisk Free and Public Library. Beer befriended many well-known authors of New Orleans literature including George Washington Cable, Grace King, Mollie Moore Davis and Mary Ashley Townsend. Beer's influence in New Orleans and its literature, and his roles as librarian and instigator of literature have hitherto been largely ignored. This paper will argue that Beer created the foundations of a New Orleans literary culture.
34
Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880." Thesis, Cole, Peter (2000) Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/660/.
Full textAbstract:
The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of government.
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Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia : modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880." Murdoch University, 2000. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061122.125641.
Full textAbstract:
The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate
historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major
urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's
widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban
railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in
detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly
developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The
llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for
the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built
suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements
of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early
basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and
maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and
government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of
private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government
owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting
practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths
concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political
view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the
private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary
narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible
explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical
economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate
of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of
government.
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Grguric, Nicolas Grguric, and eqeta@yahoo com au. "Fortified Homesteads: The Architecture of Fear in Frontier South Australia and the Northern Territory, ca 1847-1885." Flinders University. Humanities, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080225.161715.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an investigation into the use of defensive architectural techniques by
civilian settlers in frontier South Australia and the Northern Territory between 1847 and
1885. By focussing specifically on the civilian use of defensive architecture, this study
opens a new approach to the archaeological investigation and interpretation of Australian
rural buildings, an approach that identifies defensive strategies as a feature of Australian
frontier architecture.
Four sites are analysed in this study area, three of which are located in South Australia
and one in the Northern Territory. When first built, the structures investigated were not
intended, or expected, to become what they did - their construction was simply the
physical expression of the fear felt by some of the colonial settlers of Australia. Over
time, however, the stories attached to these structures have come to play a significant part
in Australias frontier mythology.
These structures represent physical manifestations of settler fear and Aboriginal
resistance. Essentially fortified homesteads, they comprise a body of material evidence
previously overlooked and unacknowledged in Australian archaeology, yet they are
highly significant in terms of what they can tell us about frontier conflict, in relation to
the mindsets and experiences of the settlers who built them. This architecture also
constitutes material evidence of a vanguard of Australian colonisation (or invasion) being
carried out, not by the military or police, but by civilian settlers.
v
Apart from this, these structures play a part in the popular mythology of Australias
colonial past. All of these structures have a myth associated with them, describing them
as having been built for defence against Aboriginal attack. These myths are analysed in
terms of why they came into existence, why they have survived, and what role they play
in the construction of Australias national identity. Drawn from, and substantiated
through, the material evidence of the homesteads, these myths are one component of a
wider body of myths which serve the ideological needs of the settler society through
justifying its presence by portraying the settlers as victims of Aboriginal aggression.
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Battiston, Simone, and SBattiston@groupwise swin edu au. "History and Collective Memory of the Italian Migrant Workers� Organisation FILEF in 1970s Melbourne." La Trobe University. School of European and Historical Studies, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20070823.143852.
Full textAbstract:
This doctoral dissertation seeks to investigate the reasons that lay behind the rise, success and
decline of the Italian-run migrant workers� organisation FILEF during the 1970s in
Melbourne by reviewing and discussing some significant historical events. It does so in light of the existing literature, archival data and a string of oral accounts gathered from former and current key FILEF members and collaborators. It is hereby offering a better understanding of an otherwise poorly researched area of the Italian-Australian left-wing grassroots organisations in post-war Australia. The thesis has been divided into two parts, including introduction and conclusion. Part One (Chapters 1-5) reviews the historical and political background (in both Italy and Australia) that favoured the establishment of FILEF in Australia, including Melbourne, in the early 1970s; Part Two (Chapters 6-9) presents an
analysis of the historical development and socio-political role of FILEF Melbourne between 1972 and 1980.
Chapter One reviews the theoretical context, the representation of the history of FILEF in
previous publications, primary and secondary sources, the research strategy and methodology. Chapters Two and Three anchor the history of FILEF Melbourne to their respective background in Italy and Australia. That is, Chapter Two examines the post-war Italian emigration and its politicising by the Italian Left; Chapter Three focuses on the postwar emigration of Italians to Australia and outlines a profile of the Italian-Australian community. Chapter Four maps the route of the Italian-Australian Left in the 1950s and 1960s, that is from Italia Libera to the Lega Italo-Australiana. Chapter Five reviews the circumstances that led the establishment of the PCI in Australia respectively.
Chapter Six examines the origins and grassroots activism of FILEF in Melbourne in the 1970s, especially by looking at three areas of activity: migrant press, migrant welfare and
migrant politics. Chapter Seven researches the vulnerability of FILEF to the pressures of
conservative quarters by recounting the �Italian communist move in� (1975) and the federal
funding cut (1976) episodes. Chapter Eight, thoroughly revisits the Salemi case (1977), while
Chapter Nine explores the effects of the case and Salemi�s deportation on FILEF towards the
end of the 1970s.
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Lagerqvist, Hanna. ""Förtroende till det läsande folket!" : Folkbiblioteket och folkbildningen under sekelskiftet 1900." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253839.
Full textAbstract:
The purpous of this master’s thesis is to explore how the swedish public library evolved between 1890-1911, before the state implemented the library reform in 1912. The material used to cunduct the study concists mainly of texts published during the time frame of the thesis in the form of books, booklets and articles from Folkbiblioteksbladet, a journal dedicated to the subject of the swedish public library. Drawing upon Habermas theory of the structural transformation of the public sphere and Bourdieus theories about taste as social distinction and symbolic capital, the thesis seeks to show how the public participated in the evolvement of the public library and which aspects of society that contributed to the public library’s establishment as an institution. The findings are also discussed in relation to previous research of the history of the Swedish public library. In summary, the study shows that the public library evolved as part of a larger aim to educate the masses with help from what was seen as ”good” litterature. It also shows that even though the higher classes decided the premisses for public education and the public library, some of the ideas were shared by the working class despite their different political goals.
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Bouchareb, Hind. "Penser et mettre en oeuvre la lecture publique : discours, débats et initiatives (1918-1945)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2049/document.
Full textAbstract:
C’est dans les années 1910 qu’apparut l’expression de lecture publique, qui se popularisa dans les décennies suivantes. Elle désignait alors le service rendu par les bibliothèques publiques, entendues comme bibliothèques ouvertes à tous, qu’elles dépendent de collectivités publiques ou de groupements privés. C’était un nouveau modèle de bibliothèque que défendaient les « modernistes », ces bibliothécaires appelant, à travers leurs discours, à la modernisation des bibliothèques publiques, c’est-à-dire à l’application de mesures propres à organiser la lecture publique et à ouvrir les bibliothèques au plus grand nombre. Pour autant, tous les modernistes n’avaient pas exactement les mêmes motivations ni les mêmes opinions : le développement de la lecture publique n’a pas été aussi linéaire et progressif que l’histoire des bibliothèques a pu le laisser croire. Il importait donc d’étudier comment s’était forgé cet idéal moderniste, quelles en étaient les nuances et les limites, et l’évolution qu’il avait connue de la fin de la Première guerre mondiale à la création de la Direction des bibliothèques et de la lecture publique, à la Libération. Par ailleurs, la définition de la lecture publique était inhérente à la construction de l'identité professionnelle des bibliothécaires, qui s'opérait à cette période. Une grande attention a ainsi été portée aux parcours professionnels des acteurs de la lecture publique, ainsi qu'à leur formation et à leurs réseaux, pour comprendre les diverses influences qui s'exerçaient alors. Ce travail s'appuie sur la littérature professionnelle de l'époque et sur des sources archivistiques nombreuses et variées (archives de l'inspection générale des bibliothèques, de l'Association des bibliothécaires français, de l'Association pour le développement de la lecture publique, archives de bibliothèques municipales, archives privées...). Peu exploitées jusqu'à alors, elles ont permis de renouveler le regard traditionnellement porté sur les débuts de la lecture publique en FranceThe phrase « lecture publique » appeared in the 1910's and spread in the following decades. It meant the activity of public libraries, libraries opened to everyone, whichever their legal status. It was a new paradigm for libraries that « modernists » advocated for ; the « modernists » were librarians who demanded public libraries' modernisation, which consisted in organizing the service and opening libraries to the general public. Nevertheless, modernists did not share the same exact motivations nor the same opinions : public libraries development was not so linear and gradual that the history of libraries led to believe. Therefore, it was important to study how this modernist ideal was created, which were its variations and limits, and how it had evolved from the First World War to the creation of the « Direction des bibliothèques et de la lecture publique » in 1945.Furthermore, defining the concept of « lecture publique » was inseparable from the process of professional identity construction which took place at this time. That is why working lives, trainings and networks of active public librarians were closely examined, in order to understand the influences at stake.This work is based on professional literature and varied archival sources (archives of the general inspection of libraries, the Association des bibliothécaires français, the Association pour le développement de la lecture publique, archives of public libraries and librarians...). Barely studied before, they allowed us to change the traditional outlook on the beginnings of modern public libraries in France
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Proust, Katrina Margaret, and kproust@cres10 anu edu au. "Learning from the past for sustainability: towards an integrated approach." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050706.140605.
Full textAbstract:
The task of producing policies for the management of Earth’s natural resources is a problem of the gravest concern worldwide. Such policies must address both responsible use in the present and the sustainability of those finite resources in the future. Resources are showing the adverse results of generations of exploitation, and communities fail to see the outcomes of past policies that have produced, and continue to produce, these results. They have not learned from past policy failures, and consequently fail to produce natural resource management (NRM) policies that support sustainable development.¶
It will be argued that NRM policy makers fail to learn from the past because they do not have a good historical perspective and a clear understanding of the dynamics of the complex human-environment system that they manage. It will also be argued that historians have not shown an interest in collaborating with policy makers on these issues, even though they have much to offer. Therefore, a new approach is proposed, which brings the skills and understanding of the trained historian directly into the policy arena.¶
This approach is called Applied Environmental History (AEH). Its aims are to help establish an area of common conceptual ground between NRM practitioners, policy makers, historians and dynamicists; to provide a framework that can help NRM practitioners and policy makers to take account of the historical and dynamical issues that characterise human-environment relationships; and to help NRM practitioners and policy makers improve their capacity to learn from the past.
Applied Environmental History captures the characteristics of public and applied history and environmental history. In order to include an understanding of feedback dynamics in human-environment systems, it draws on concepts from dynamical systems theory. Because learning from the past is a particular form of learning from experience, AEH also draws on theories of cognitive adaptation.¶
Principles for the application of AEH are developed and then tested in an exploratory study of irrigation development that is focused on the NRM issue of salinity. Since irrigation salinity has existed for centuries, and is a serious environmental problem in many parts of the world, it is a suitable NRM context in which to explore policy makers' failure to learn from the past. AEH principles guide this study, and are used, together with insights generated from the study, as the basis for the design of AEH Guidelines.
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Brown, A. J. (Alexander Jonathan), and n/a. "The Frozen Continent: The Fall and Rise of Territory in Australian Constitutional Thought 1815-2003." Griffith University. Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041105.092443.
Full textAbstract:
Through the late 20th century, global society experienced waves of unprecedented political and institutional change, but Australia came to be identified as "constitutionally speaking... the frozen continent", unable or unprepared to comprehensively modernise its own fundamental laws (Sawer 1967). This thesis opens up a subject basic to, but largely unexplored in debate about constitutional change: the territorial foundations of Australian constitutional thought. Our conventional conclusions about territory are first, that Australia's federal system has settled around a 'natural' and presumably final territorial structure; and second, that this is because any federal system such as possessed by Australia since 1901 is more decentralised and therefore more suitable than any 'unitary' one. With federalism coming back into vogue internationally, we have no reason to believe our present structure is not already the best. Reviewing the concepts of territory underpinning colonial and federal political thought from 1815 to the present day, this thesis presents a new territorial story revealing both these conclusions to be flawed. For most of its history, Australian political experience has been based around a richer, more complex and still evolving range of territorial ideas. Federalism is fundamental to our political values, but Australians have known more types of federalism, emerging differently in time and place, than we customarily admit. Unitary values have supplied important symbols of centralisation, but for most of our history have also sought to supply far less centralised models of political institutions than those of our current federal experience. Since the 1930s, in addition to underutilising both federal and unitary lines of imported constitutional theory, Australian politics has underestimated the extent to which our institutional treatment of territory has itself become unique. Despite its recent fall from constitutional discourse, territory is also again on the rise. While political debate has been poorly placed to see it, Australia has experienced a recent resurgence in ideas about territorial reform, offering the promise of a better understanding of the full complexity of our constitutional theory and a new 'unfreezing' of the assumption that territorially, Australia will never change. This thesis seeks to inform these vital new debates.
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Verney, Eric. "Indonesie, terre d'avenir." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27468.
Full textAbstract:
The history, culture and ethnic diversity of the Republic of the Indonesia make it a highly complex country. With an area as vast as the whole Europe, at the crossroads of the Indian and Pacific oceans, having abundant natural resources, a dynamic population which is the fourth in the world, Indonesia also benefits from a very resistant economy.Economic take off is supported by a strong political regime that has been led by President Suharto for thirty years now. Foreign investors are attracted by this new, very magnetic and promising market. Faced with a high demand for investments approvals, the government is liberalizing regulations dealing with direct and portfolio investments.
In 1995, Indonesia was the first host country for foreign investments, before the Chinese People's Republic, which amounted to 39.9 billions of dollars.
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Bellamy, Robyn Lyle, and robyn bellamy@flinders edu au. "LIFE HISTORY AND CHEMOSENSORY COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL AUSTRALIAN LIZARD, EGERNIA WHITII." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070514.163902.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
Social relationships, habitat utilisation and life history characteristics provide a framework which enables the survival of populations in fluctuating ecological conditions. An understanding of behavioural ecology is critical to the implementation of Natural Resource Management strategies if they are to succeed in their conservation efforts during the emergence of climate change. Egernia whitii from Wedge Island in the Spencer Gulf of South Australia were used as a model system to investigate the interaction of life history traits, scat piling behaviour and chemosensory communication in social lizards.
Juveniles typically took ¡Ý 3 years to reach sexual maturity and the results of skeletochronological studies suggested longevity of ¡Ý 13 years. Combined with a mean litter size of 2.2, a pregnancy rate estimated at 75% of eligible females during short-term studies, and highly stable groups, this information suggests several life history features.
Prolonged juvenile development and adult longevity may be prerequisite to the development of parental care. Parental care may, in turn, be the determining factor that facilitates the formation of small family groups. In E. whitii parental care takes the form of foetal and neonatal provisioning and tolerance of juveniles by small family or social groups within established resource areas. Presumably, resident juveniles also benefit from adult territorialism. Research on birds suggests that low adult mortality predisposes cooperative breeding or social grouping in birds, and life history traits and ecological factors appear to act together to facilitate cooperative systems.
E. whitii practice scat piling both individually and in small groups. Social benefits arising from signalling could confer both cooperative and competitive benefits. Permanent territorial markers have the potential to benefit conspecifics, congenerics and other species. The high incidence of a skink species (E. whitii) refuging with a gecko species (N. milii) on Wedge Island provides an example of interspecific cooperation. The diurnal refuge of the nocturnal gecko is a useful transient shelter for the diurnal skink. Scat piling may release a species ¡®signature¡¯ for each group that allows mutual recognition.
Scat piling also facilitates intraspecific scent marking by individual members, which has the potential to indicate relatedness, or social or sexual status within the group. The discovery of cloacal scent marking activity is new to the Egernia genus. E. Whitii differentiate between
their own scats, and conspecific and congeneric scats. They scent mark at the site of conspecific scats, and males and females differ in their response to scent cues over time. Scat piling has the potential to make information concerning the social environment available to dispersing transient and potential immigrant conspecifics, enabling settlement choices to be made.
This thesis explores some of the behavioural strategies employed by E. whitii to reduce risks to individuals within groups and between groups. Scents eliciting a range of behavioural responses relevant to the formation of adaptive social groupings, reproductive activity, and juvenile protection until maturity and dispersal are likely to be present in this species. Tests confirming chemosensory cues that differentiate sex, kin and age would be an interesting addition to current knowledge. The interaction of delayed maturity, parental care, sociality, chemosensory communication and scat piling highlights the sophistication of this species¡¯ behaviour.
An alternative method for permanently marking lizards was developed. Persistence, reliability and individual discrimination were demonstrated using photographic identification and the method was shown to be reliable for broad-scale application by researchers. Naturally occurring toe loss in the field provided a context against which to examine this alternative identification method and revealed the need to further investigate the consequences of routine toe clipping, as this practice appears to diminish survivorship.
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Lemar, Susan. "Control, compulsion and controversy: venereal diseases in Adelaide and Edinburgh 1910-1947." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl548.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 280-305). Argues that despite the liberal use of social control theory in the literature on the social history of venereal diseases, rationale discourses do not necessarily lead to government intervention. Comparative analysis reveals that culturally similar locations can experience similar impulses and constraints to the development of social policy under differing constitutional arrangements.
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Standfield, Rachel, and n/a. "Warriors and wanderers : making race in the Tasman world, 1769-1840." University of Otago. Department of History, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090824.145513.
Full textAbstract:
"Warriors and Wanderers: Making Race in the Tasman World, 1769-1840" is an exploration of the development of racial thought in Australia and New Zealand from the period of first contact between British and the respective indigenous peoples to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. It analyses four groups of primary documents: the journals and published manuscripts of James Cook's Pacific voyages; An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales by David Collins published in 1798; documents written by and about Samuel Marsden, colonial chaplain in New South Wales and the father of the first mission to New Zealand; and the Reports from the British House of Commons Select Committee into the Treatment of Aborigines in the British Empire from 1835 to 1837. This study employs a transnational methodology and explores the early imperial history of the two countries as a Tasman world of imperial activity. It argues that ideas of human difference and racial thought had important material effects for the indigenous peoples of the region, and were critical to the design of colonial projects and ongoing relationships with both Maori and Aboriginal people, influencing the countries; and their national historiographies, right up to the present day.
Part 1 examines the journals of James Cook's three Pacific voyages, and the ideas about Maori and Aboriginal people which were developed out them. The journals and published books of Cook's Pacific voyages depicted Maori as a warrior race living in hierarchical communities, people who were physically akin to Europeans and keen to interact with the voyagers, and who were understood to change their landscape as well as to defend their land, people who, I argue, were depicted as sovereign owners of their land. In Australia encounter was completely different, characterised by Aboriginal people's strategic use of withdrawal and observation, and British descriptions can be characterised as an ethnology of absence, with skin colour dominating documentation of Aboriginal people in the Endeavour voyage journals. Aboriginal withdrawal from encounter with the British signified to Banks that Aboriginal people had no defensive capability. Assumptions of low population numbers and that Aboriginal people did not change their landscape exacerbated this idea, and culminated in the concept that Aboriginal people were not sovereign owners of their country.
Part 2 examines debates informing the decision to colonise the east coast of Australia through the evidence of Joseph Banks and James Matra to the British Government Committee on Transportation. The idea that Aboriginal people would not resist settlement was a feature not only of this expert evidence but dominated representation of the Sydney Eora community in David Collins's An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, such that Aboriginal attacks on the settlement were not said to be resistance. A report of the kidnapping of two Muriwhenua Maori men by Norfolk Island colonial authorities was also included in Collins Account, relaying to a British audience a Maori view of their own communities while also opening up further British knowledge of the resources New Zealand offered the empire.
The connection with Maori communities facilitated by British kidnapping and subsequent visits by Maori chiefs to New South Wales encouraged the New South Wales colonial chaplain Samuel Marsden to lobby for a New Zealand mission, which was established in 1814, as discussed in Part 3. Marsden was a tireless advocate for Maori civilisation and religious instruction, while he argued that Aboriginal people could not be converted to Christianity. Part 3 explores Marsden's colonial career in the Tasman world, arguing that his divergent actions in the two communities shaped racial thought about the two communities of the two countries. It explores the crucial role of the chaplain's connection to the Australian colony, especially through his significant holdings of land and his relationships with individual Aboriginal children who he raised in his home, to his depiction of Aboriginal people and his assessment of their capacity as human beings.
Evidence from missionary experience in New Zealand was central to the divergent depictions of Tasman world indigenous people in the Buxton Committee Reports produced in 1836 and 1837, which are analysed in Part 4. The Buxton Committee placed their conclusions about Maori and Aboriginal people within the context of British imperial activity around the globe. While the Buxton Committee stressed that all peoples were owners of their land, in the Tasman world evidence suggested that Aboriginal people did not use land in a way that would confer practical ownership rights. And while the Buxton Committee believed that Australia's race relations were a failure of British benevolent imperialism, they did not feel that colonial expansion could, or should be, halted. Evidence from New Zealand stressed that Maori independence was threatened by those seen to be "inappropriate" British imperial agents who came via Australia, reinforcing a discourse of separation between Australia and New Zealand that Marsden had first initiated. While the Buxton Committee had not advocated the negotiation of treaties, the idea that Maori sovereignty was too fragile to be sustained justified the British decision to negotiate a treaty with Maori just three years after the Select Committee delivered its final Report.
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Ruiz, Fargas Marina. "La biblioteca del Convent de Santa Caterina de Barcelona sota el mecenatge de fra Tomàs Ripoll, 1699-1747." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669226.
Full textAbstract:
El Convent de Santa Caterina, dels dominics, va ser un dels més importants de Barcelona. Fundat l’any 1219, va ser enderrocat per ordre del municipi el 1836, tot i que ja es trobava en molt mal estat i desocupat després de la bullanga del 25 de juliol del 1835, que el va cremar parcialment. Tot i calcular que la meitat del fons de la seva biblioteca es va destruir o dispersar, actualment s’han identificat prop de 6.000 edicions que en procedeixen, dipositades al CRAI Biblioteca de Reserva de la Universitat de Barcelona arran de la desamortització.
Va ser una característica singular del convent el fet de trobar-se estretament vinculat a la ciutat, a través no només de la seva activitat pastoral i de predicació, sinó també de les institucions d’ensenyament i acadèmiques que s’hi trobaven, així com de les diferents confraries que l’havien elegit com a seu.
La biblioteca va constituir una basa important en la destacada participació de Santa Caterina en la vida cultural barcelonina, i en el programa de reivindicació del paper del convent dut a terme a través del mecenatge exercit per fra Tomàs Ripoll (1653-1747). Amb residència gairebé permanent a Roma des de l’any 1702 –primer com a soci del Mestre de l’Orde i a partir de 1725 en la cúspide dels dominics– es va dedicar a beneficiar substanciosament i sense treva la seva comunitat d’origen, i molt especialment la biblioteca. Una acció duta a terme al llarg de pràcticament mig segle, amb la inspiració de les riques col·leccions romanes i el concurs de diversos col·laboradors, i que va suposar l’ingrés d’una gran quantitat de llibres. La col·lecció reunia 15.000 volums, segons una font de la segona meitat del set-cents. Un cabal bibliogràfic les matèries del qual havien de satisfer tant el carisma de l’orde com el públic forà usuari de la biblioteca, que va esdevenir una de les principals de la ciutat.
El paper que va complir al servei de la comunitat de Santa Caterina ha estat estudiat a la llum de la tradició i de la normativa de l’Orde dels Predicadors, per a què la biblioteca era una peça essencial. Si la missió principal dels dominics, des dels orígens, era la defensa de la fe catòlica enfront de l’heretgia i la predicació per a la salvació de les ànimes, aquesta només podia ser acomplerta a través de l’estudi i dels llibres. Hem descobert, així, l’afany que es va produir per constituir biblioteques estables a cada un dels cenobis, dotades d’un bibliotecari, i la preocupació per evitar la fuga de llibres. A la vegada, els dictats emanats dels capítols generals respecte a la necessitat d’estudiar, conservar i difondre els escrits necessaris per a la construcció d’una memòria i d’una identitat dominiques també troben un correlat diàfan en la biblioteca.
Al seu torn, la qualitat de pública de la biblioteca cateriniana -va obrir oficialmente les seves portes el 1736- és un dels seus aspectes més interessants. Es revela tant en les matèries contingudes com ens els testimonis del seu ús per part d’estudiosos aliens al cenobi : religiosos i seglars, tant autòctons com estrangers.
Però res hauria estat possible sense l’acció dels bibliotecaris, que van dur a terme una tasca que es manifesta sobretot en els catàlegs manuscrits que han sobreviscut. L’estudi dels produïts durant l’etapa objectiu del nostre treball ens han permès establir algunes línies fonamentals d’una biblioteconomia cateriniana, en un moment en què, degut principalment a la incessant arribada de llibres comprats per fra Ripoll, la construcció d’un nou espai per a la col·lecció, i l’obertura d’aquesta al públic, ens trobem davant d’un període d’autèntica efervescència catalogràfica.
Bona part dels aspectes ja citats, i encara d’altres, han pogut ser determinats gràcies a la identificació i registre dels llibres marcats amb una nota de compra manuscrita reveladora del mecenatge de fra Tomàs Ripoll. La descripció d’aquest grup d’edicions constitueix l’apèndix principal del treball, mentre que la descoberta d’un elevat nombre de llibres procedents de la biblioteca de Pau Ignasi de Dalmases i Ros (1670-1718) –adquirida en part pel convent– ha esdevingut un resultat inesperat i valuós.The library of the Dominicans of Saint Catherine of Barcelona was one of the most important collections of the city, until July of 1835, when the convent was burnt during a riot. The intervention of Tomàs Ripoll (1653-1747) in favour of the library was essential during the first half of the eighteenth century. Ripoll lived for almost fifty years in Rome, first as an assistant to the Master General and then as Master General himself. From his residence in Santa Maria sopra Minerva and with the help of several collaborators, he patronized Saint Catherine, where he had started his religious life, by giving considerable amounts of money for the reconstruction of the building after the destruction caused by wars, and by buying a huge quantity of books for the library. His principal aim was to restore the prestige and influence of his Catalan community of friars. This PhD thesis gives an overview of the history of Saint Catherine, and concentrates on the role played in the cultural and social life of eighteenth century Barcelona by the Dominicans. It also offers a biography of Tomàs Ripoll and explores the mechanisms and resources dedicated to the promotion of the library, as well as the inspiration he drew from the rich Roman libraries of the time, specially the Casanatense. As far as the collection is concerned, emphasis is given to the vision of the Order of Saint Dominic regarding libraries. One of the main objectives of this research has been to determine a Saint Catherine’s librarianship. A key element in this approach has been an in-depth exam, description and interpretation of the surviving manuscript catalogues, as well as the analysis of a variety of evidences on a group of ca. 2.500 books, representing almost 2.000 editions, which constitutes the so called “Ripoll collection”. The professionalisation of the librarians has also been discussed, and special attention has been paid to the learned public that used the library, as the collection opened its doors officially to the city in 1736. Finally, the acquisition by the Barcelona Dominicans of a part of the important library of Pau Ignasi de Dalmases i Ros (1670-1718) has become an unexpected but most relevant matter.
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Habel, Chad Sean, and chad habel@gmail com. "Ancestral Narratives in History and Fiction: Transforming Identities." Flinders University. Humanities, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20071108.133216.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an exploration of ancestral narratives in the fiction of Thomas Keneally and Christopher Koch. Initially, ancestry in literature creates an historical relationship which articulates the link between the past and the present. In this sense ancestry functions as a type of cultural memory where various issues of inheritance can be negotiated. However, the real value of ancestral narratives lies in their power to aid in the construction of both personal and communal identities. They have the potential to transform these identities, to transgress natural boundaries and to reshape conventional identities in the light of historical experience.
For Keneally, ancestral narratives depict national forbears who narrate the nation into being. His earlier fictions present ancestors of the nation within a mythic and symbolic framework to outline Australian national identity. This identity is static, oppositional, and characterized by the delineation of boundaries which set nations apart from one another. However, Keneallys more recent work transforms this conventional construction of national identity. It depicts an Irish-Australian diasporic identity which is hyphenated and transgressive: it transcends the conventional notion of nations as separate entities pitted against one another. In this way Keneallys ancestral narratives enact the potential for transforming identity through ancestral narrative.
On the other hand, Kochs work is primarily concerned with the intergenerational trauma causes by losing or forgetting ones ancestral narrative. His novels are concerned with male gender identity and the fragmentation which characterizes a self-destructive idea of maleness. While Keneallys characters recover their lost ancestries in an effort to reshape their idea of what it is to be Australian, Kochs main protagonist lives in ignorance of his ancestors life. He is thus unable to take the opportunity to transform his masculinity due to the pervasive cultural amnesia surrounding his family history and its role in Tasmanias past.
While Keneally and Koch depict different outcomes in their fictional ancestral narratives they are both deeply concerned with the potential to transform national and gender identities through ancestry.
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Abu, Roziya. "Community development and rural public libraries in Malaysia and Australia." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/24833/.
Full textAbstract:
In Malaysia, the government has invested in public libraries with the intention of promoting development, particularly in rural areas. Despite the increasing number of rural public libraries being built throughout Malaysia, providing users with many services, activities and programs, previous research indicates that they are underutilised. The research reported in this thesis aimed to explore relationships between rural public libraries and their communities in both Malaysia and Australia, with particular attention to empowerment and community development processes.
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Thomas, Julian. "Heroic history and public spectacle : Sydney 1938." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112136.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about white Australian history and public spectacle. It
analyses the representation of white colonisation—'heroic history'—in
elaborate public spectacles which were staged in Sydney in 1938 to
celebrate the 150th anniversary of white settlement. The uses of history
in these spectacles are discussed in terms of their structure,
organisation, opposition, and relationship to a wider field of historical
representation. The operations of two kinds of heroic history are
examined in detail: visionary history, to do with the visionary
anticipation of white Australia by singular historical individuals,
notably Arthur Phillip; and pioneering history, concerned with the
experience of settlers on the frontier.
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Kalley, Jacqueline Audrey. "The effect of apartheid on the provision of public, provincial and community library services in South Africa with particular reference to the Transvaal." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11391.
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