Dissertations / Theses: 'Public Law – Cultural Heritage'

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North, MacLaren. "Protecting the past for the public good archaeology and Australian heritage law /." Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1602.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.
Title from title screen (viewed 25 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; thesis originally submitted 2006, corrected version submitted 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Sibayi, Dumisani. "Adressing the impact of structural fragmentation on aspects of the management and conservation of cultural heritage." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2758.

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Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The birth of democracy in South Africa launched a paradigm shift in the public sector aligning it with the new political ideology. To meet this objective, state organs had to be radically transformed to embrace this new political ideology so as to extend and enhance service delivery to all South Africans. The democratisation of state organs led to the transformation of public institutions both statutory and non-statutory. The urgency to transform strategic state institutions whose mandate was to provide basic and primary needs like health, housing and social services, led to the neglect of other like sport, culture, and the natural environment. The transformation of some of the latter institutions was attended to only after a couple of years after the democratisation. This led to flaws in these legislative development processes which resulted in the creation of different institutions by various laws. This was the root cause of fragmentation. The provisions of these Acts are in some areas ambiguous and contradictory. The consequences are duplications and overlaps in the implementation processes. Heritage institutions have different regulatory frameworks and management systems – regulations, policies, guidelines and procedures. Furthermore, complex internal management systems expedite fragmentation of this sector. This institutional fragmentation has enormous impact on heritage conservation and management. There is limited cooperation and collaboration between heritage institutions. This study will outline how theories, strategies and instruments from the new public management approach, can be utilised to address these challenges.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die totstandkoming van ‘n demokratiese Suid-Afrika het in paradigma verskuiwing in die openbare sektor gevolg wat dit in lyn gebring het met die nuwe politieke ideologie. Om hierdie doelwit te bereik staats instelling moes radikaal getransformeer word om hierdie nuwe politieke ideologie te ondersteun en diens lewering na alle Suid-Afrikaners uit te brei. Die demokratisering van staatsinstellings het tot die transformasie van beide statutere en -nie statutere instellings gelei. Die noodsaak om strategiese staatsinstellings wie se mandaat dit was om basiese en primere dienste soos gesondheid, behuising en maatskaplike dienste te verskaf en transformeer, het tot die verwaarlosing van sport, kultuur en omgewingsake gelei. Dit het ‘n paar jaar geduur na demokratisering voordat die transformasie van hierdie instellings aandag gekry het. Die gevolg was ‘n gebrekkige wetgewende ontwikkelingsproses wat tot die totstandkoming van verskillende instellings in terme van verskeie wette gelei het. Hierdie is die bron van fragmentasie. Die voorskrifte van hierdie wetgewing is in sekere areas dubbelsinnig en teenstrydig. Die gevolg is duplikasie en oorvleuling in die implementeringsprosesse. Erfenis oorvleueling instellings het verskillende regulatoriese raamwerke en bestuurstelsels- regulasies, beleide, riglyne en prosedures. Verder vererger die komplekse interne bestuurstelsels fragmentasie in die sektor. Die institusionele fragmentasie het groot impak op erfenisbewaring en-bestuur. Daar is beperkte samewerking tussen erfenis instellings. Hierdie studies sal aandui hoe teoriee, strategie en instrumente van die nuwe benadering tot openbare bestuur aangewend kan word om hierdie uitdagings die hoof te bied.

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Wagener, Noé. "Les prestations publiques en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111007.

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La thèse prend le parti méthodologique de ramener l'action de l'État en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel à une simple succession de « prestations ». Prenant au mot le point de vue néolibéral, elle entend se mettre ainsi en capacité d'embrasser d'un même geste l'ensemble des interventions de l'État en ce domaine, quelque soit les formes que celles-ci revêtent (édiction d'une réglementation et fourniture de services matériels). Ce faisant, l'enjeu de la thèse est de parvenir à déterminer « pourquoi » l'État agit en matière de patrimoine culturel, et plus précisément « pourquoi » il agit d'une certaine façon plutôt que d'une autre. Ce type d'interrogation fonctionnelle, auquel les juristes sont peu enclins, présente un avantage : il permet de replacer au cœur de l'analyse les manières particulières dont les catégories propres du droit contribuent à produire – bien plus qu'à décrire – les choix de protection du patrimoine culturel. Ainsi, l'observation diachronique, depuis la Révolution, des prestations publiques en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel fait apparaître qu'à plusieurs reprises, ces prestations ont pu, le plus sérieusement du monde, trouver leur source à l'extérieur de l'État, précisément dans un droit de la collectivité. Aussi, en matière patrimoniale se dessine, au-delà d'un processus d'étatisation progressive qui n'a, en soi, rien de bien original, un renversement complexe du rapport de l'État à la collectivité, en ce sens qu'au cours des XIXème et XXème siècles celui-ci se libère de celle-là, à grand renfort de reconceptualisations doctrinales. En définitive, ce n'est que quelque part dans l'entre-deux-guerre, après l'échec des théories du droit social, que l'on enferme définitivement l'explication juridique des prestations publiques en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel dans l'antagonisme entre puissance publique et droits fondamentaux
The thesis has made the methodological choice of reducing the action of the State for the protection of cultural heritage to a simple series of "services". Taking the neoliberal perspective literally, it intends to study all State interventions in this area, regardless of the shapes they assume (enactment of regulation and provision of services). In doing so, the scientific challenge of the thesis is to get to determine why the State acts in cultural heritage, and more specifically why it acts in a certain way rather than another. This functional interrogation, rarely asked by lawyers in France, is of interest as it questions the particular ways in which specific categories of law help to produce - much more than to describe - the choice of a particular cultural heritage protection. Thus, the diachronic observation of services, since the French Revolution, shows that on multiple occasions, these services have found, in all seriousness, their source outside the State, specifically in a community right. Also, beyond a progressive etatization process (which is not in itself very original), a complex reversal of the relation of the State to the society emerges : during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the State frees itself from the society, helped by a massive work of doctrinal reconceptualizations. It is only between World War I and World War II, after the failure of theories of social law, that the legal explanation of State services for the protection of cultural heritage is finally locked in the antagonism between the authority of the State and fundamental rights

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Eljuri, Jaramillo Gabriela. "El patrimonio cultural como escenario de prácticas, discursos y disputas: Las plazas del Centro Histórico de Cuenca." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671859.

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Esta tesis tiene como objetivo analizar las dinámicas que se establecen en la conservación del patrimonio cultural en el espacio público y sus usos sociales. La investigación se realizó en el Centro Histórico de Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca. Cuenca es una ciudad sur andina de Ecuador, cuyo Centro Histórico fue declarado Patrimonio de la Nación en 1982 y Patrimonio Mundial en el año 1999. Se estudió los procesos vinculados a las diez plazas, entre plazas y plazoletas, cuyos proyectos de rehabilitación fueron aprobados en el período comprendido entre los años 2006 y 2016. Desde la gestión institucional y desde las prácticas ciudadanas, se indagó sobre los usos, discursos y percepciones en torno a las plazas patrimoniales, entendiendo a éstas como espacios públicos privilegiados de los centros históricos y escenarios de disputas reales y simbólicas. La investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, con énfasis en el método etnográfico. Se trabajó con revisión y análisis documental, entrevistas a profundidad, observación, y consulta mediante cuestionario de respuesta abierta. Partiendo del análisis del Centro Histórico de Cuenca, se planteó una investigación destinada a aportar en la generación de nuevos debates y narrativas sobre el patrimonio cultural, considerando al patrimonio como un constructo social y un dispositivo político con múltiples aristas, y a los centros históricos y sus espacios públicos como escenarios donde las identidades, memorias, discursos y prácticas no solo son diversas, sino que están atravesados por intereses y reivindicaciones de diferente índole. Los resultados de la investigación confirman que el patrimonio cultural, además de un conjunto de bienes y manifestaciones, es un constructo discursivo y constituye un escenario complejo de lucha de sentidos, disputas y conflictos de poder, a partir de los cuales los ciudadanos reivindican sus derechos sobre el denominado espacio público y la ciudad. A la par, la investigación realizada permite afirmar que el patrimonio cultural es un constructo discursivo, nacido desde visiones hegemónicas de la nación, la identidad y la ciudad; la gestión del patrimonio cultural ha priorizado una mirada homogénea de la sociedad, invisibilizando el conflicto social, las memorias y los patrimonios diversos. Del estudio se concluye que son necesarios nuevos abordajes y formas de gestión, que den cuenta no solo de la diversidad, sino de la diferencia, las inequidades y las negociaciones entre desiguales. Se plantea la urgencia de visibilizar las identidades y memorias diversas, la heterogeneidad, los conflictos y las diferencias; un apremio por reescribir el patrimonio desde los discursos de las minorías, para que este se vuelva significativo para los habitantes diversos de las ciudades.
This thesis analyzes the dynamics established in the conservation of cultural heritage in public spaces and its social uses. It was carried out in the historic center of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca. Cuenca is a southern Andean city in Ecuador, whose historic center was declared a National Cultural Heritage Site in 1982 and a World Heritage Site in 1999. We understand plazas as being favored public spaces in historical centers and places of both real and symbolic disputes. We studied ten squares, or plazas, in which rehabilitation projects were approved between 2006 and 2016. The research focused on the uses, discourses and perceptions of the citizens and local institutions in these public spaces. The study was qualitative, with an emphasis on the ethnographic method. We worked with documentary review and analysis, in-depth interviews, observation and consultation through an open-response questionnaire. From the analysis of the Historic Center of Cuenca, we proposed an investigation to generate new debates and narratives about cultural heritage, considering heritage as a social construct and a multi-faceted political device, and historical centers and their public spaces as scenarios where identities, memories, discourses and practices are not only diverse, but are interwoven with interests and demands of different kinds. The results of the research indicate that cultural heritage, in addition to being comprised of properties, objects and cultural expressions, is also a discursive construct and a complex scenario with a variety of different meanings, struggles and power relations, where citizens claim their rights over public spaces and the city. At the same time, the research allows us to affirm that cultural heritage is a discursive construct born from hegemonic visions of the nation, identity and the city. Cultural management has prioritized a homogeneous view of the society, making social conflict, memories and diverse heritage invisible. The study concludes that new approaches and forms of heritage management are necessary, which account not only for diversity, but also for differences, inequities and unequal social negotiations amongst the citizens. There is an urgent need to make diverse identities and memories, heterogeneity, conflicts and differences visible. There is also an urgency to rewrite heritage, taking into account the discourses of minorities, so that it can become significant for the diverse inhabitants of the cities.

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Dromgoole, Sarah. "Law and the underwater cultural heritage : a legal framework for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage of the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308336.

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Smith, Amanda Jane, and n/a. "Making cultural heritage policy in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Political Studies, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.152110.

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This thesis examines how cultural heritage policies are developed in New Zealand. Cultural heritage symbolises the development of a society, illustrating past events and changing customs and values. Because of its significance, the government has accepted responsibility for protecting cultural heritage, and has developed a number of institutions and a variety of policies to address this responsibility. It is important to understand how the goverment uses these mechanisms to protect cultural heritage, and the subsequent relationships that have developed between actors in the cultural heritage area. These will have an impact on the effectiveness of the policy which is developed. Cultural heritage is treasured by society for a number of reasons, but as social attitudes change, so does the treatment of cultural heritage. It is re-defined, re-interpreted and used to promote a sense of pride in the commmunity. This manipulation extends to policy making. Since the 1980s, the government has influenced, and been influenced by, two major social changes. There has been an introduction of free market principles such as rationalisation, competition and fiscal responsibility into the New Zealand economy and political structure. These principles have been applied to cultural heritage and consequently cultural heritage is treated as a commodity. As the result of changing attitudes towards the treatment of the Maori and Maori resources, there has been a movement towards implementing biculturalism. This has meant a re-evaluation of how Maori taonga is treated, particularly of the ways Maori cultural heritage has been used to promote a sense of New Zealandness. There are several major actors involved in cultural heritage policy making - government, policy units, cultural heritage organisations and local authorities. Central government is the dominant force in the political process, with control over the distribution of resources and the responsibilities assigned to other actors. Because the use of market principles and movement towards biculturalism have been embraced at the central government level, other actors in the policy making process are also expected to adopt them. Policy units develop options to fit with the government�s general economic and political agenda. The structures adopted for the public service are designed to encompass market principles, particularly the efficient use of resources and competitiveness. While cultural heritage organisations may influence the government�s agenda through lobbying and information-sharing, they are limited by issues such as funding and statutory requirements. Government has shifted many responsibilities to the regions, but while territorial authorities are influenced by the concerns of their communities, they are also subject to directions from the government. The process and structures which have been outlined do not contribute to an effective policy making system. The use of market principles to direct cultural heritage protection tends to encourage uneven and inconsistent policies, both at national and local levels. The range of cultural heritage definitions used by government agencies also promotes inconsistency. Cultural heritage is encompassed in a large number of government departments and ministries, which makes the co-ordination funding by meeting required �outputs� and the government�s requirement of fiscal responsibility. This is not appropriate language for cultural heritage, which should not have to be rationalised as an economic good. Although the government has devolved a number of responsibilities and territorial authorities have a variety of mechanisms available to protect cultural heritage, there is no nation-wide criteria for territorial involvement. Because of regional differences there is an uneven treatment of cultural heritage. Those policies developed by territorial authorities will also be influenced by the government�s economic direction. Organisations supported by the Dunedin City Council, for example, must also provide budgets and strategic plans which fit with Council�s fiscal objectives.

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O'Keefe, Roger. "Law, war and 'the cultural heritage of all mankind'." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270870.

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Forrest, Craig J. S. "International law and the preservation of underwater cultural heritage." Thesis, Online version, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.324230.

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DiPaolo, Andrea. "Space law and the protection of cultural heritage: the uncertain fate of humanity's heritage in space." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121600.

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As numerous governments and commercial entities plan ambitious expeditions into outer space and to celestial bodies, humanity's heritage in space is threatened. This Thesis examines the protections currently available to those objects and sites that represent the great achievements of humankind in using and exploring space, with a focus on Tranquility Base, the Apollo 11 landing site. Existing protections are analyzed under both cultural heritage law and space law, focusing primarily on the language of relevant treaties in these fields. There have been several endeavors undertaken in the United States to protect the Apollo landing sites in general and Tranquility Base in particular. These actions are reviewed herein for appropriateness and efficacy. Recommendations to optimize the protection of space heritage in the future are then presented. This Thesis concludes that the most effective approach, which is also likely to succeed, consists of a multi-step process including unilateral actions, bilateral treaties, and a multilateral soft law solution, ideally culminating in a multilateral treaty, and possibly leading to the formation of customary international law. Fundamentally, cooperation and good faith are the cornerstones of any solution to this issue of international law. It is important that the legal rules governing interaction with and preservation of these objects and sites be clearly determined to avoid irreversible damage to a unique and irreplaceable resource.
Alors que de nombreux gouvernements et entités commerciales prévoient d'ambitieuses expéditions dans l'espace extra-atmosphérique et dans les corps célestes, le patrimoine de l'humanité dans l'espace est menacé. Cette thèse examine les protections actuellement disponibles pour les objets et sites qui représentent les grandes réalisations de l'humanité concernant l'utilisation et l'exploration de l'espace, avec une attention particulière portée sur la Base de la Tranquillité, le site d'atterrissage d'Apollo 11. Les protections existantes sont analysées en vertu du droit du patrimoine culturel et du droit de l'espace, et se concentrent principalement sur le langage des traités en ces domaines. Il y a eu plusieurs tentatives menées aux États-Unis pour protéger les sites d'atterrissage d'Apollo, en particulier concernant la Base de la Tranquillité. Ces mesures sont examinées dans les développements de la thèse afin d'évaluer leur pertinence et leur efficacité. Les recommandations pour optimiser la protection du patrimoine de l'espace dans le futur sont ensuite présentées. Cette thèse conclut que l'approche la plus efficace, qui est également la plus susceptible de réussir, consiste en un processus en plusieurs étapes, comprenant des mesures unilatérales, des traités bilatéraux et une solution multilatérale de soft law, aboutissant idéalement à un traité multilatéral, et pouvant éventuellement conduire à la formation de droit international coutumier. Fondamentalement, la coopération et la bonne foi sont les pierres angulaires de toute solution à ce problème de droit international. Il est important que les règles juridiques régissant l'interaction et la préservation de ces objets et de ces sites soient clairement déterminées, afin d'éviter que des dommages irréversibles ne soient causés à une ressource unique et irremplaçable.

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Galvan-Lopez, Brenda. "Contemporary heritage : public space and cultural production in Veracruz, Mexico." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542207.

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Hardy, Samuel Andrew. "Interrogating archaeological ethics in conflict zones : cultural heritage work in cyprus." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7344/.

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Much affected by viewing the Yugoslav Wars' ruins, I resolved to study archaeology in conflict. I wanted to explore archaeology's role in conflict and archaeologists' responsibilities in conflict zones; but unable to conduct such work in Kosova/Kosovo, I went to Cyprus. Drawing together professional documentation and public education, professional and community interactions and interviews, and cultural heritage site visits, I researched the destruction of community places, the looting of cultural heritage, and the coping strategies of archaeologists. The key questions of this thesis are: is it legal and ethical to conduct archaeological work in occupied and secessionist territories? How is public knowledge of cultural heritage looting and destruction constructed? What are cultural heritage professionals' responsibilities for knowledge production during conflict? How ought cultural heritage professionals to combat the looting and illicit trading of antiquities? I have addressed these questions by concentrating upon cultural heritage workers' narratives of looting and destruction from 1955 until the present in professional discussion and mass education. First, I argue that archaeologists have misinterpreted international law, and through boycotting and blacklisting of rescue archaeology in northern Cyprus, harmed both the profession and the cultural heritage. Second, I argue that cultural heritage workers have been unwillingly coopted, or actively complicit in the conflict, in the production of nationalist histories, and thus nationalist communities, therefore in the reproduction of nationalist conflict. Third, I argue that cultural heritage workers have knowingly contributed to the conflict and its destruction, through their nationalist policies on the paramilitary-dominated illicit antiquities trade. My conclusions are: that an ethical antiquities policy would cut funding to and thereby reduce conflict-fuelling extremist activity; and that, where they have the freedom to practice it, professional and ethical archaeologies of destruction would promote intracommunal and intercommunal peace.

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Kogelschatz, Megan. "Protecting the Past for a Better Future: Protecting Palestinian Cultural Heritage." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20523.

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Cultural heritage is fundamentally important to humanity. Societies around the world have recognized this for centuries. However, in the context of war, damage to cultural heritage goes unnoticed until it is too late. Palestinian cultural heritage is disappearing at a rate of 12,000 pieces per year. If this destruction continues, there may not be any cultural heritage left for future generations. This paper examines the current legal framework in place for the protection of Palestinian cultural heritage in light of the biggest threats to it, in order to determine if there is an adequate legal framework in place for the protection of Palestinian cultural heritage. Then, considering how many cultural heritage pieces have already been illicitly exported from the Palestinian territories, I examine the legal duties of the Palestinian government, Israeli government, and International governments that may aid in the restitution of Palestinian cultural heritage.

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Wharton, Glenn. "Heritage conservation as cultural work : public negotiation of a Pacific hero." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446722/.

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This thesis shows how heritage conservation can engage in cultural work. In the course of preserving an object, it can reveal social patterns and stimulate dialogue about representing the past. At the same time, the cultural "findings" can enter into the physical intervention of conservation. The aim is to use a more participatory process of conserving material culture that simultaneously opens up relationships between communities and objects, while enabling people to take greater control over elements of their environment. Such a practice has potential for creating culture and community in the process of conserving objects and cultural sites. It expands the focus of conservation from its product to its process. In so doing it addresses heritage industry critics that charge conservation of freezing inauthentic versions of the past to sustain elite ideological control or facilitate commercial exploitation. The "participatory conservation" of the Kamehameha I monument in North Kohala, Hawai'i, provides the case-study basis for the research. Commissioned in 1878 to commemorate Captain Cook's "discovery" of the Hawaiian Islands and promote a western style monarchy, the monument lends itself to revealing complex and contested meanings. The image of Hawaii's first monarch is a cultural hybrid; he stands in the posture of a Roman emperor while wearing highly symbolic feathered garments of Hawaiian sovereignty. Over the monument's history, the community deliberately altered its physical appearance by painting it in life-like colours. The monument physically deteriorated, with surface elements obscured by the heavy layering of paint. Conservation of the monument proceeded through ethnographic and other methods of qualitative methodology, combined with archival research, materials analysis, and technical intervention. The project shows how complex networks of symbolic meaning can become an intrinsic part of the conservation process. Participatory conservation is proposed as a conservation method that is applicable to other circumstances and world settings.

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North, MacLaren Andrew. "Protecting the past for the public good: archaeology and Australian heritage law." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1602.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Archaeological remains have long been recognised as fragile evidence of the past, which require protection. Legal protection for archaeological heritage has existed in Australia for more than thirty years but there has been little analysis of the aims and effectiveness of that legislation by the archaeological profession. Much Australian heritage legislation was developed in a period where the dominant paradigm in archaeological theory and practice held that archaeology was an objective science. Australian legislative frameworks continue to strongly reflect this scientific paradigm and contemporary archaeological heritage management practice is in turn driven by these legislative requirements. This thesis examines whether archaeological heritage legislation is fulfilling its original intent. Analysis of legislative development in this thesis reveals that legislators viewed archaeological heritage as having a wide societal value, not solely or principally for the archaeological community. Archaeological heritage protection is considered within the broader philosophy of environmental conservation. As an environmental issue, it is suggested that a ‘public good’ conservation paradigm is closer to the original intent of archaeological heritage legislation, rather than the “scientific” paradigm which underlies much Australian legislation. Through investigation of the developmental history of Australian heritage legislation it is possible to observe how current practice has diverged from the original intent of the legislation, with New South Wales and Victoria serving as case studies. Further analysis is undertaken of the limited number of Australian court cases which have involved substantial archaeological issues to determine the court’s attitude to archaeological heritage protection. Situating archaeological heritage protective legislation within the field of environmental law allows the examination of alternate modes of protecting archaeological heritage and creates opportunities for ‘public good’ conservation outcomes. This shift of focus to ‘public good’ conservation as an alternative to narrowly-conceived scientific outcomes better aligns with current public policy directions including the sustainability principles, as they have developed in Australia, as well as indigenous rights of self-determination. The thesis suggests areas for legal reforms which direct future archaeological heritage management practice to consider the ‘public good’ values for archaeological heritage protection.

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Blakely, Megan Rae. "Intellectual property and intangible cultural heritage in Celtic-derived countries." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30838/.

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This dissertation examines the symbiotic relationship between intellectual property (“IP”) law and cultural heritage law, with an emphasis on intangible cultural heritage (“ICH”). These two fields of law have historically operated in relative isolation from each other, but the overlap of subject matter and practical effect of implementation is evident; the actual creative and traditional practices by individuals and communities are the subject matter of both fields. The central thrust of the research is to locate the effects of these two legal fields and to inform policy, research, and legislation when this previously under-considered effect and influence exists. This is accomplished through case studies of ICH and statutory intervention in three countries with diverse ICH: tartan in Scotland; cultural tourism and branding in Ireland, and the Welsh language and eisteddfodau in Wales. These countries were selected as they 1) are geographically proximate, 2) have shared cultural history, 3) are or were recently in a union legal structure with partially devolved governance powers, and 4) are ‘knowledge-based’ economies with strong IP laws. This selection facilitates the dissertation’s original contributions to research, which include highlighting the influence of ICH on IP law and how IP shapes ICH. This interaction challenges the domestic and international differential legal treatment between developed, Global North countries as IP- and knowledge-producing and developing and Global South countries as ICH- and culture-producing. Theoretical patterns emerged from the case studies: namely, first- and second-wave adoption, which is complementary to Hobsbawm and Ranger’s invented traditions; and ‘tangification’, which identifies the process through which ICH becomes IP in a modern legal framework and highlights the risks to ICH integrity as well as the over-extension of IP law. Each of these contributions support the assertion that properly managing risk to and safeguarding ICH, which provides social and economic benefits, can also help to ensure that IP law is functioning in a manner reflecting its jurisprudential underpinnings, facilitating longevity and enforceability of the law.

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Denolle, Alice. "L'accès à la propriété des biens archéologiques. Etude de droit comparé, France, Etats-Unis." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA111006.

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La France et les États-Unis ont reconnu l’importance de préserver les biens archéologiques situés sur leurs territoires en leur offrant une protection légale contre toute détérioration ou destruction, en vue de leur jouissance par les générations présentes et de leur transmission pour les générations futures. Cette importance fait écho à l’existence d’un intérêtpublic pour la préservation du patrimoine archéologique. Clé de voûte des législations protectrices, l’intérêt public prend sa source dans différentes valeurs qui sont assignées aux biens archéologiques: les valeurs cognitive, identitaire, esthétique et économique. Les législations protectrices des deux pays se sont développées autour de la promotion de lavaleur cognitive, et également, en ce qui concerne les États-Unis surtout, autour de la promotion de la valeur identitaire.Si les États-Unis et la France reconnaissent l’intérêt public qui s’attache à la préservation des ressources archéologiques, leurs droits n’ont pas pour autant tiré toutes les conséquences de la spécificité de ces ressources. En effet, le système de propriété sur lequel sont assises les législations protectrices est fortement emprunt du droit commun, qui ne laisse guère de place au statut spécial des ressources archéologiques qu’il envisage comme de simples biens. Cette assise se révèle être une source de tensions pour la protection des vestiges car elle soulève l’affrontement de deux intérêts antagonistes : celui de l’intérêt public, porté par l’objectif de préservation, et l’intérêt privé, exprimé à travers le droit de propriété. Ces tensions ne se manifestant qu’eu égard aux biens qui entrent dans le champ d'application des législations protectrices, la question de la définition légale des biens archéologiques s’avère être une question de prime importance. Son étude révèle qu’il n’existe aucun statut uniforme du bien archéologique dans les deux pays. Néanmoins, toutes leslégislations protectrices reconnaissent la spécificité des ressources qu’elles protègent, en développant des mécanismes protecteurs spécifiques. Les deux systèmes juridiques tendent à favoriser la mise en œuvre de mécanismes d’appropriation publique des biens archéologiques, la puissance publique étant perçue comme le propriétaire le plus apte à assurer l’intérêt public. Ces mécanismes se heurtent à la force de résistance opposée par la propriété privée. Toutefois, la propriété privée des ressources archéologiques n’est pas nécessairement synonyme d’absence de protection.Aucune propriété spéciale n’a ainsi été mise en oeuvre. Les conflits soulevés entre préservation et propriété des biens archéologiques dans les systèmes protecteurs actuels pourraient dès lors être résolus en tirant les conséquences de la spécificité des biens archéologiques. Il ne serait pas nécessaire de remettre en cause le système même de propriétéde ces biens. En tant que bien spécial, devrait lui être assignée une propriété spéciale
France and the United States have both recognized the importance of preserving archaeological resources against any damage or destruction through legal protection so that their use by present generations and their transfer to future generations may be ensured. This importance is reflected through the existence of a public interest in the preservation ofarchaeological resources. The public interest is rooted in different values which are assigned to archaeological resources and which may be referred to as the cognitive value, the identity value, the aesthetic value and the economic value. In both countries the cognitive value appears to be the cornerstone of protective legislation.Even though the United States and France recognize that there is a public interest in preserving archaeological resources, the ownership of archaeological resources is still deeply governed by common law rules, according to which archaeological resources are seen as mere property. This dichotomy proves to be a source of tension between two competing interests:the public interest which lies in archaeological resources protection on the one hand, and the private interest, expressed through ownership, on the other hand.The legal definition of protected archaeological resources lies therefore at the forefront of the issue. In both countries, there is no uniform status of archaeological resources. However, protective legislation recognizes the very specificity of these resources, developing therefore specific protective schemes. The two legal systems tend to favor public ownership, the state being seen has the most suitable owner capable of ensuring preservation. But private ownership appears to be a strong opposition public ownership has to face. However, private ownership of archaeological resources does not necessarily equal lack of protection.No special property status has thus been implemented in either countries. Conflicts arising between preservation and ownership of archaeological resources in the current protective systems could therefore be resolved by drawing the consequences of the specificity of archaeological resources into the protective schemes

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Hui, Fung-yi Polly. "Collective interpretation the public perception of Statue Square as an intangible heritage /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42219607.

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Dragasi, E. "The legislative process in developing cultural heritage protection policy in Greece with particular reference to the protection of cultural heritage in law 3028/2002." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1443159/.

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This thesis explores the discourse of cultural heritage internationalism and nationalism as they were expressed within the broader theoretical discourse in the cultural heritage field, as well as their expressions during the making of Greek Law 3028/2002 on the Protection of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage in General. More particularly, this research investigates the underlying interests of powerful groups, motivations of actors, ideological beliefs, and the origins of conflicting interests on cultural heritage protection within Greece during the making of this particular Law in comparison to the theoretical debate over cultural heritage ownership and control of its use, value and meaning. Furthermore, it explains the origins of conflicting interests, power relations, and motivations of actors, groups and institutions in their attempt to dominate, accumulate capital, distinguish themselves and maintain their social position in the cultural heritage discourse by adopting Bourdieu’s theories of habitus and practice. Analysis of archival material from various primary and secondary sources constituted the methodological framework alongside interviews with officials, specialist lawyers, and academics in Greece. My thesis reviews specific examples of Greek law and policy by looking into trends that show how the ideas of cultural heritage nationalism have been reflected in Greek legislation to protect material representations and identities from the foundation of the Greek state in 1830, when Greece gained independence from the Ottomans, until the enactment of the current Law 3028/2002. Additionally, it examines the journey of this particular Bill of Law 3028/2002 throughout its legislative stages, analyses the main factors that necessitated a new cultural heritage protection law, and evaluates the policy priorities behind the Bill. The in-depth analysis of the lengthy discussions that took place during the making of Law 3028/2002 at three different stages of the legislative process indicated interwoven and structured dynamics between international and national arrangements in Greece’s case and that all forms of internationalism had an element of a ‘built-in’ nationalism. This evidence-based approach revealed, empirically, that during the enactment of the Law actors expressing both sides of the debate,attempted to systematise and orchestrate their ‘voices’ according to their practices, beliefs and personal interests in order to control the use and value of heritage exclusively, and maintain their ownership rights and social status.

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Restrepo-Navarro, Paulina. "Le droit du patrimoine culturel colombien à l´épreuve de la restitution internationale des biens archéologiques : Quelle approche vis-à-vis des vestiges qui se trouvent à l´étranger ?" Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA111007.

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Vingt-cinq ans après la ratification de la Convention de l'Unesco de 1970 et un an après celle de la Convention d'Unidroit de 1995 par l’État colombien, il est pertinent de réaliser un état des lieux du droit du patrimoine culturel colombien et de son appréhension des problématiques liées à la circulation des biens archéologiques et à leur transfert de propriété. Si ces vestiges appartiennent incontestablement à la Nation depuis 1991, leur protection constitutionnelle ne suffit pas à satisfaire la politique nationaliste que ce pays-source souhaiterait mener. Le questionnement est donc double : d'une part, celui du régime juridique auquel les biens archéologiques sont soumis sur le territoire national et, d'autre part, celui des possibilités d'application de ce dispositif protecteur lorsqu'ils se trouvent à l'étranger. Il s'agit donc de s'interroger sur la clarté et la précision du régime juridique auquel ces vestiges sont soumis en droit colombien pour permettre à l’État de fonder des demandes en restitution ou de retour susceptibles de réussir et, aussi, de définir dans quelle mesure ce dispositif national peut être appliqué par les autorités et les tribunaux étrangers. Par ailleurs, les traités internationaux spécialement adoptés en la matière depuis la seconde moitié du XXe siècle semblent insuffisants en vue de répondre aux attentes colombiennes de restitution et de retour de ses biens archéologiques. La pratique a démontré que la lutte internationale contre le trafic illicite reste étroitement liée aux législations nationales, tant celle de l’État requérant que celle de l’État requis. Les stratégies contentieuses susceptibles d'être mises en œuvre devant les autorités et les tribunaux français ont été étudiées à titre d'exemple. Plusieurs acteurs sont au centre de ces disputes : les États, les peuples autochtones, les marchands d'art et les musées. La diversité de leurs intérêts révèle la complexité des rapports qui peuvent se tisser autour de ces vestiges considérés, selon les différents points de vue, comme des objets identitaires, sacrés, artistiques ou scientifiques.Enfin, au regard de l'évolution récente du droit du patrimoine culturel colombien, les conditions semblent présentes pour revisiter le rapport que ce pays entretient vis-à-vis des vestiges archéologiques d'origine colombienne qui se trouvent à l'étranger
It has been more than twenty-five years since Colombia State ratified the 1970 Unesco Convention and one year later it ratified the 1995 Unidroit Convention. It is now relevant to evaluate Colombia’s cultural heritage law and its perception of the issues surrounding the international trade of archaeological objects and ownership transfer. If archaeological antiquities belong unmistakably to the Nation since 1991, their constitutional protection does not satisfy the nationalistic policy this source country would like to lead.The evaluation of cultural heritage law is a double issue. On the one hand, there is the problem of how the domestic laws are applied to archaeological objects within the national territory. On the other hand, there is the difficulty of implementing domestic legislation when the antiquities are abroad. It is therefore a question of assessing if Colombia’s cultural heritage legislation has a framework that is clear and precise enough to allow the State to succeed in its claims and of defining to what extent it can be reinforced by foreign authorities and courts.Furthermore, international treaties adopted in this field since the second half of the twentieth century seem insufficient to meet Colombia´s concerns. Practice has shown that the international fight against illicit trade is closely bound to domestic laws, either that of the requesting State or of the requested State. The litigation strategies that can be brought before French authorities and courts have been studied as an example.These conflicts concern several actors: States, indigenous people, art dealers and museums. Their different level of interests reveal the complexity of the relationships that can be built among these antiquities considered, according to the stakeholders’ point of view, as identity, sacred, artistic or scientific objects.Finally, the recent development of Colombia’s cultural heritage legislation seems to challenge the country’s relation with its archaeological objects abroad

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Hui, Fung-yi Polly, and 許鳳怡. "Collective interpretation: the public perception of Statue Square as an intangible heritage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42219607.

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Tjahjani, Indra, and n/a. ""Taman Sari" Yogyakarta : a cultural perspective in landscape design." University of Canberra. Environmental Design, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061122.123558.

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This thesis is a critical review of Taman Sari, Yogyakarta in particular how the Old City Planning including the Pleasure Garden which has multi functions was established in Indonesia during the ancient time ( in the past ), the development during the Dutch era, and current conditions and how the future generation should take care of the place. The discussions, analysis, synthesis and assumption were done based on the literature study, the ICOMOS Burra Charter, the China Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites, and the Indonesia Law in Cultural Heritage. In the research it has been found that Taman Sari which is located in Yogyakarta was built for several reasons and functions, such as resting area, recreation area, practicing area, traditional activities and workshops, meditation area and also defense area. One line of this research is that the use of plants which had been planted in Taman Sari area was related with the tradition, symbolism and the daily needs. As assumption in this research some plants possibly are classified as a Javanese traditional plant. A series of photographs which have been taken from different time support the analysis of this research report. At the end of the report there is a recommendation to the Indonesia Government for maintaining the cultural heritage asset value, because this could be a national valuable asset which could be handed to the future generation. Based on the Guidelines to the Burra Charter define we Cultural Significance as : .....a concept which helps in estimating the value of places. The places that are likely to be of significance are those which help an understanding of the past or enrich the present, and which will be of value to the future generations.

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Strati, Anastasia G. "The protection of the underwater cultural heritage as an emerging objective of the contemporary law of the sea." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336543.

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Krause, Stefan M. "The Production of Cultural Heritage Discourses: Political Economy and the Intersections of Public and Private Heritage in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6285.

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Heritage is a concept that has received abundant critical attention within the academy. This study seeks to extend this critique by demonstrating the value of long-term ethnographic research and analysis of heritage processes on the Main Islands of Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). As the FSM staff cultural anthropologist for 23 months, the author utilizes interview and participant observation data collected during a total of over 2 years in the field to uncover and analyze the production of cultural heritage discourses on Yap’s Main Islands. With a central goal to understand locally produced views and values of stakeholders toward their heritage, including what exactly it is they wish to preserve and why, findings were analyzed to generate culturally informed strategies that local communities can consider in order to best meet their heritage interests. Local discourses on heritage being produced by Yapese Main Islander stakeholders in Yap demonstrate views and values toward preserving primarily intangible elements of their heritage within the sphere of Chambers’ (2006) private heritage construct. Attending to the processes that facilitate private heritage transmission should therefore be a central strategy in preservation efforts. Additionally, a political economy approach to investigating the production of local discourses on heritage emerges as a productive alternative to the critical discourse analysis (CDA) paradigm that largely discounts the locally contingent historic, economic, social and political structures that are daily mediated as stakeholders look to the past to confront their presents and futures.

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Kirkendoll, Ceri Danika, and n/a. "The slab houses of Canberra: A comparative analysis of design, form, and meaning." University of Canberra. Arts & Design, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081204.124329.

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This thesis represents the first effort to catalogue extant timber slab houses of 19th century Canberra and its outlying regions. From an archaeological viewpoint, it looks at slab houses as above-ground artefacts that possess ingrained information about the culture that built them and analyses them as material culture through an investigation of their: history, material, construction, function and design. It is inspired by the work of folk historian, Henry Glassie, and focuses on form and pattern, through a comparison of floor plans, in order to understand the needs, minds and behaviours of early Canberrans. The thesis also draws on the historic documentary record of a similar local group of houses, those resumed by the Commonwealth in 1912-13.

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Zhuo, Jing. "Intangible cultural heritage in the People's Republic of China : the example of the Miao nationality." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2291554.

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Imon, Sharif Shams. "Sustainable urban conservation the role of public participation in the conservation of urban heritage in old Dhaka /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36224091.

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Hinostroza, Naveda Nicole Alexandra. "Centro Cultural en Pisco." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652950.

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El presente trabajo consta de la propuesta del Centro Cultural ubicado en la ciudad de Pisco, que trae consigo el hecho de querer difundir el interés por las artes, música y el desarrollo de habilidades y talentos que complementen el crecimiento personal. El arte y la cultura forman parte importante de una sociedad y en la mayoría de casos, logra contribuir en la mejora de la población como comunidad que aporta al desarrollo de su territorio. Esta provincia presenta un gran número de niños y jóvenes que necesitan además de una buena educación, el incentivo por desarrollar otras destrezas que puedan encaminarlos en su desarrollo personal y profesional, tema que actualmente no está resuelto. Tras el Terremoto del 2007, se generó un gran retraso en su desarrollo, lo que resultó que las autoridades tengan un mayor enfoque en el sistema de vivienda y dejen de lado los temas educativos, culturales recreacionales y recuperación de espacios públicos. Este proyecto busca ser un ícono memoria de la ciudad, ya que, tras la tragedia del 2007, se perdió gran parte del patrimonio cultural de este Centro Histórico. Entonces la propuesta toma las características arquitectónicas de este lugar, además de acompañarlo con la materialidad del sitio, paleta de colores y vegetación, que realza este énfasis en el proyecto. Adicionalmente, se otorga espacios públicos en los diferentes niveles, que hacen que el proyecto se enriquezca y que pueda ser parte importante no solo del recreo, sino también parte de la educación intercultural diaria de la población.
The present work consists of the proposal of the Cultural Center located in the city of Pisco, which brings with it the fact of wanting to spread interest in the arts, music and the development of skills and talents that complement personal growth. Art and culture are an important part of a society and in most cases, it contributes to the improvement of the population as a community that contributes to the development of its territory. This province presents a large number of children and young people who need, in addition to a good education, the incentive to develop other skills that can guide them in their personal and professional development, an issue that is currently not resolved. After the Earthquake of 2007, there was a huge delay in its development, which resulted in the authorities having a greater focus on the housing system and neglecting educational, cultural and recreational issues including the recovery of public spaces. This project seeks to be a memory icon of the city, since, after the tragedy of 2007, much of the cultural heritage of this Historic Center was lost. Therefore, the proposal takes the architectural features of this place, in addition to accompanying it with the materiality of the site, color palette and vegetation, which enhances this emphasis on the project. Additionally, public spaces are given at different levels, which make the project richer and can be an important part not only of recreation, but also part of the daily intercultural education of the population.
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Gornik, Vivian Beatrice. "Producing the Past: Contested Heritage and Tourism in Glastonbury and Tintagel." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7297.

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Heritage, the “present-centered” use of the past (Ashworth 2007) influences the identities of contemporary citizens (Palmer 2005, Sommer 2009). Grasping the ways in which the production and consumption of heritage takes place is becoming increasingly relevant in a post-Brexit Britain, where the national identity is constantly up for debate. This research asks: what role does heritage tourism play in (re)producing hegemonic national narratives in Glastonbury and Tintagel? And subsequently, what do these narratives say about broader conceptualizations of English identity? Arthurian legend permeates the historical narrative in both locations. According to the legend, King Arthur was conceived and born in Tintagel, and ultimately buried in Glastonbury. Both Glastonbury and Tintagel are located in the southwest region of England and are home to significant national heritage sites. In Glastonbury, heritage sites include Glastonbury Abbey, Glastonbury Tor and the Chalice Well Gardens. In Tintagel, heritage sites include Tintagel Castle, King Arthur’s Great Halls, St. Nectan’s Glen and the Arthurian Centre. Methods for this ethnographic comparative study include classic participant observation, semi-structured interviews, ethnographic photography and archival research. The focus here is on the producers of heritage (heritage management employees, local shop owners and community members) rather than the consumers (tourists and travelers). By using a holistic political economy approach, this research reveals how heritage is both contested and commodified in both Glastonbury and Tintagel. Rather than understanding “authorized heritage discourses” (Smith 2006) as simply the result of hegemonic forces imparted by heritage management organizations, this research reveals the nuances created by the commodification of heritage in both Glastonbury and Tintagel, where tourism plays a significant role in the local economy.

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Godden, Lee, and n/a. "Nature as Other: The Legal Ordering of the Natural World: Natural Heritage Law and Its Intersection With Property Law and Native Title." Griffith University. Griffith Law School, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050831.095124.

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This thesis argues that the legal ordering of the natural environment represents a culturally contingent 'order of things'. Within this process of categorisation, Nature is constructed as an 'other' to the human subject. This opposition allows nature to be conceived as either an object of control, as found in property law, or as a wilderness to be preserved apart from human society. This latter view is implicit to the principles informing early environmental laws for the protection of natural heritage in international law and within Australia. More recently, this distinctively western legal ordering has been challenged to be more culturally inclusive and to include concepts that incorporate human interaction with the natural environment. In making this argument, the thesis adopts a theoretical framework derived from Foucault's 'Order of Things'. Modem western understanding of the natural environment is directly informed by western science. Scientific discourses, with origins in the Enlightenment, have been extremely influential in determining the legal ordering of the natural environment. In this context, the thesis provides an overview of the conceptual shift from a pre-scientific, organic conception of the relationship between people and nature to a people/nature dichotomy that persists as the nature/culture meta-narrative in modern society. The rise of a more holistic conception of the natural environment, based in ecological principles, has only partially displaced the latter view. The thesis also examines the manner in which property law constitutes the 'proper' order of the natural world within western culture. The bundle of rights concept, implicit to modern conceptions of property, finds resonances in western scientific understanding of the natural world. In particular, property law replicates the subject /object distinction that is central to modern western thought. The positing of nature as an object of control through the property relationship has been a resilient ordering of the natural environment. It has directly contributed to an instrumental perception of the natural environment. Indeed, the property concept was the central way of 'constructing' the Australian natural environment at law from colonisation to well into the twentieth century. The initial legal designation of Australia as 'terra nullius' allowed received English property law to form the template for ordering the occupation of the Australian natural environment by British civilisation. In the second half of the 20th century the wilderness ideal, in concert with ecological 'balance' concepts, gained currency in international and domestic law as the foundation for the protection of natural heritage. Natural heritage protection was a high profile aspect of early environmental laws in Australia. Thus the World Heritage Convention assumed an importance for natural heritage protection within Australia due to specific historical, political and constitutional factors. The adoption of 'holistic' definitions of environment in many pieces of Australian legislation has served to partially displace the instrumental, proprietary view of nature. However, the legal recognition of natural heritage, when based around wilderness ideals, remains predicated upon the western people/nature dichotomy. More recently, reforms to early environmental laws have been instituted and case law reveals a state of flux in how natural heritage areas are to be identified and valued. The traditional western legal constructions of nature have served to occlude Aboriginal and Tones Strait Islander peoples' relationships with 'country'. Such legal frameworks continue to be problematic if a more culturally inclusive and holistic conception of heritage, such as cultural landscapes, is to be adopted. Further, while the recognition of native title has led to a re-examination of many fundamental legal principles, reexamination of our western legal constructs remains incomplete. One of the crucial areas yet to be fully worked through is how to accommodate western dualistic notions of the relationship between people and the natural environment with the legal requirements to establish native title. The need for accommodation has direct practical ramifications in that many world heritage, national estate and other 'wilderness' areas are, or may be, subject to native title claims. Therefore, the thesis considers the need to re-assess western, scientifically derived conceptions of natural heritage as the prevailing principles for environmental preservation. Finally the thesis discusses the contingency of any legal ordering of the natural world. Western representations of nature have exerted tremendous influence upon the legal regimes that have regulated and ordered nature across the Australian continent. These classifications are embedded within a particular cultural narrative. Parts of the Australian natural environment that are designated as property, as natural heritage, as native title, or as cultural heritage do not achieve this legal characterisation due to any inherent value or features of the natural environment itself. These areas are not necessarily property or heritage or native title until incorporated within, or recognised by, western legal frameworks. As such, any decision to ascribe a given legal status to the natural environment as part of the legal ordering needs to be seen as involving issues of choice that have direct distributive justice implications.

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Lino, Fernanda Noia da Costa. "A preservação do patrimônio cultural urbano: fundamentos, agentes e práticas urbanísticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-27012011-091914/.

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O presente trabalho trata da preservação do patrimônio cultural urbano desempenhada pelo Estado mediante o exercício da atividade urbanística. Mais especificamente, analisa os fundamentos, assim como os agentes e as práticas admitidos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para que se alcance esta finalidade última de conservar, às presentes e futuras gerações, determinados valores culturais contidos nas cidades. A expressão patrimônio cultural urbano foi adotada neste trabalho como abrangente tanto dos monumentos e conjuntos históricos e arquitetônicos isoladamente considerados cujos valores culturais são mais facilmente identificados nas suas estruturas físicas, materiais , quanto do próprio ambiente construído e humanizado das cidades (composto por parques, praças e outros espaços, sempre quando utilizados em práticas culturais e manifestações sociais), o qual carrega em si valores de natureza marcadamente imaterial, relevantes pela capacidade de proporcionarem bem-estar e qualidade de vida aos habitantes da cidade. Como ponto de partida dessa abordagem, são mencionados sumariamente alguns antecedentes normativos reveladores de que preocupações oficiais com a tutela de bens culturais existiam desde a Antiguidade. Em seguida, é feita uma análise evolutiva dos fundamentos dessa preservação, assim como das noções de patrimônio cultural adotados em alguns dos principais documentos internacionais que tratam sobre o tema. Também são analisadas as inovações trazidas pela Constituição Federal de 1988 tanto para a concepção jurídica de patrimônio cultural, quanto para a disciplina urbanística. Também é dedicada atenção aprofundada aos sujeitos que, de acordo com o ordenamento jurídico pátrio, estão incumbidos de ou legitimados a atuar na preservação do patrimônio cultural urbano. Por fim, são especialmente investigados os principais instrumentos urbanísticos disponíveis à consecução dessa tarefa, sugerindo, com o devido embasamento, que a preservação do patrimônio cultural urbano deve ser conduzida de maneira planejada, dispensando-se uma visão urbanística às questões relacionadas àquela.
The present study deals with the preservation of cultural heritage provided by the State through the exercise of urbanistic activity. More specifically, it analyzes the foundation, agents and practices admitted by Brazilian legal system to reach the goal of preserving, to present and future generations, certain cultural values existing in the cities. The expression urban cultural heritage was adopted in this study as comprehensive of historical and architectural monuments and aggregations taken in an isolated manner - whose cultural values are most easily identified in their physical and material structures as well as of the built and humanized environment of cities (made up of parks, squares and other spaces used in practices and social events), which carries cultural values of immaterial nature, relevant for the ability to provide welfare and quality of life for city residents. As a starting point of this approach, it is briefly mentioned some legislative history pointing out that official concerns with the protection of cultural heritage existed since Antiquity. Next, this work examines the evolutionary reasons given for conservation, as well as the notions of cultural heritage adopted by the main international documents that deal with the issue. It also analyzes the innovations made by the Brazilian Federal Constitution for both the legal concept of cultural heritage and for urban discipline. Deep attention is also devoted to the agents that, according to the Brazilian legal system, are in charge of acting on the preservation of urban cultural heritage or even legitimated to do so. Finally, it also investigates the main urbanistic instruments available to achieve this task, suggesting with proper foundation, that the preservation of urban cultural heritage should be conducted in a planned manner, dispensing na urbanistic view to related issues.

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Gagliani, Gabriele. "International Investment Law and the Tangible and Intangible Aspects of Cultural Heritage : Substantive Discipline and Dispute Settlement Interactions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN012.

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La relation entre droit international des investissements et patrimoine culturel a fait l’objet de rares études et réflexions, et ce uniquement de manière récente. D’une part, le droit international des investissements a connu une croissance et un développement considérables uniquement dans les dernières trois décennies. D’autre part, comme certains auteurs l’ont souligné, le patrimoine culturel a un statut quelque peu ‘incertain’ en droit international. À la lumière des rares études sur ce sujet, qui généralement mettent en évidence les rapports conflictuels et ambigus entre droit international des investissements et patrimoine culturel, la thèse s’est proposée d’analyser la relation existant entre la réglementation internationale des investissements étrangers et le patrimoine culturel dans se multiples expressions, et cela aussi bien sur le plan des règles substantielles que du contentieux et de la résolution des différends d’investissements concernant la culture. L’idée que la relation entre les investissements étrangers et le patrimoine, réglés par le droit international de manière et amplitude différentes, puisse apporter des avantages mutuels a servi de prémisse générale pour toutes les études menées dans le cadre de la thèse. Parmi les investissements, les investissements étrangers revêtent une grande importance dans les périodes de crise économique et de difficulté à rassembler les ressources nécessaires à préserver le patrimoine. Les investissements sont donc vitaux pour la culture. Cela ne contredit pas l’idée qu’il existe des situations de ‘conflit’, quand les activités économiques peuvent potentiellement causer des dommages et/ou représenter un danger pour le patrimoine. Les recherches et les analyses effectuées ont montré que les traités en matière d’investissements contiennent souvent plusieurs dispositions concernant la culture et le patrimoine culturel. En matière de litiges, les différends d’investissement ont impliqué ou touché aux formes et expressions les plus variées de la culture : des sites UNESCO patrimoine de l’humanité aux industries culturelles, aux lieux de mémoire et au patrimoine des communautés indigènes. En outre, d’une façon quelque peu surprenante et inattendue mais significative, les règles qui protègent les investisseurs internationaux ont été invoquées par des investisseurs qui avaient réalisé des investissements dans les biens et ‘ressources’ culturelles ainsi que pour défendre les activités économiques relatives au « capital culturel » des communautés indigènes. Les diverses études conduites dans le cadre de la présente thèse ont permis de montrer plusieurs aspects et facettes de la relation entre investissements étrangers et patrimoine et de tirer diverses conclusions. Les recherches effectuées ont montré la nécessité d’investissements étrangers pour la protection, sauvegarde, conservation et valorisation de chaque expression culturelle, et les avantages d’une interaction entre régulation internationale des investissements et patrimoine culturel : la relation symbiotique entre droit international des investissements et patrimoine culturel a été démontrée. Cette première réflexion conclusive « soulève » un deuxième élément : il existe, dans le droit international de la culture et du patrimoine, un espace légitime et ample réservé au droit international des investissements. Symétriquement, l’arbitrage d’investissements peut représenter un instrument valide de résolution des différends en matière de patrimoine. Enfin, on peut soutenir que l’intersection des règles internationales en matière d’investissements étrangers avec les règles internationales en matière culturelle peut être déterminante dans la création, ou soutenir la présence, d’un système qui tienne compte – à travers des standards précis de transparence, légalité et légitimité – de l’ensemble des intérêts impliqués
The relationship between international investment law and cultural heritage has commanded little attention and only recently. Certainly, international investment law has become one of the most prominent branches of international law. Its development has been strictly connected to the soaring growth of bilateral treaties on the promotion and protection of foreign investment and free trade agreements with foreign investment chapters. n turn, the status and place of cultural heritage under international law has grown, significantly progressing from some provisions included in international humanitarian conventions on the protection of heritage during armed conflicts. In light of the few studies existing on the subject of this thesis, which have in general concluded that conflictual and ambiguous relations exist between international investment law and cultural heritage, this thesis proposes to analyze this relation from both the substantive and dispute settlement standpoints. The idea that the relation between foreign investment and cultural heritage, regulated in different ways and ‘intensities’ by international law, could be positive was a general premise for all the research. Indeed, among investments, foreign investments have a great importance in a moment of economic crisis and difficulty in finding appropriate resources to safeguard heritage. Investments are hence vital for culture. The researches and analyses carried out for the thesis have shown that investment treaties often contain a number of provisions concerning culture and cultural heritage. With regard to international disputes, investment disputes have involved or touched upon different cultural forms and expressions: from UNESCO sites to cultural industries, to lieux de mémoire and indigenous communities’ heritage. Further, quite surprisingly, the international rules protecting foreign investors have sometimes been invoked, or resorted to, by subjects that had invested specifically in cultural ‘resources’ or to protect economic activities based on indigenous communities’ culture. The studies and researches carried out for this thesis have made it possible to reach and demonstrate a number of conclusions. First, the researches carried out have demonstrated that foreign investments are necessary to protect, safeguard, preserve and promote any form of cultural expression, and a strong interaction exists between the international regulation of foreign investments and cultural heritage. It has thus been shown that there exists a symbiotic relationship between international investment law and cultural heritage. Second, it has been possible to prove that, within international culture and cultural heritage law, there exists a ‘legitimate space’ for international investment law. Symmetrically, international investment arbitration can represent a valid cultural dispute settlement mechanism. Lastly, it is possible to assert that merging international rules on foreign investments and international rules on culture or cultural heritage can lead to create, or support the existence of, a more transparent, legitimate and rule-of-law-based system. In the light of all these considerations, the research, analysis and reflection carried out for the thesis has demonstrated how positive the relation between international investment law and cultural heritage can be fro states and the society. This, without denying any potentially negative effect. One might hope that the results obtained allow to adapt any practice in the field of culture. The protection of cultural heritage can indeed be strongly enhanced through the regulation of foreign investment

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Leung, Yee-wing Yvonne, and 梁綺穎. "The Queen's Pier saga: unveiling the inconvenient truth of heritage conservation legislation in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47092683.

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With the increasing recognition of the importance of heritage conservation, it would not be adequate merely to control archaeological discoveries or to preserve items of historical interest. In this society where resources are scarce, rules have to be made for enabling the selection of what to keep and what not to, and if to be kept, how the heritage resources could be sufficiently protected. Under the present system, for instance, graded buildings afforded no legal protection save for Grade 1 buildings which may be qualified and ready to be declared as “monuments”. Also, there is no system for appeal if the building is graded against the owner’s will. Through the years, the Ordinance had not been reviewed to meet with the social development and has become obsolete and out-of-date. It is no longer able to give sufficient legal protection to the heritage conservation in Hong Kong. Following the Queen’s Pier incident and the Court of First Instance decision which will be discussed in details, the need for a more proper and comprehensive heritage protection legislation becomes more intense and imminent. One may recall that the Chief Executive had announced a range of initiatives on heritage conservation in the 2007-2008 Policy Address which was delivered on 10th October 2007. Yet, it is submitted that a policy initiative no matter how ambitious cannot be achieved without the foundation of a concrete legal framework. Objective standard and guidelines have to be established for future precedent. It is only by then certainty and sustainability on conservation can be achieved. The issues that we are going to discuss in this article is, by examining the development of heritage protection law of Hong Kong, whether Hong Kong, being part of China and a State Parties which have adhered to the World Heritage Convention, has afforded and taken sufficient legal measures in securing our cultural heritage. The recent judgment of the Court of First Instance has thrown light to the fact that our heritage legislation, namely the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance is inadequate to safeguard some of the historically significant heritage in Hong Kong. There are of course counter-argument that conservation is a hindrance to urban development and possible impingement of private property right. In this dissertation, we will examine, from a legal point of view, how the legal framework of our system, insofar as heritage conservation is concerned, can be improved and/or modified or even advanced.
published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation

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Chaplin, Robert Ian Chaplin, and ianchaplin@gmail com. "The Impact of Contemporary Tourism Development on Colonial Built Heritage: Case Study of the Portuguese Legacy in Macau, China." Flinders University. School of Cultural Tourism, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080228.234110.

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The hypothesis put forward in this thesis is that tourism can be the agent for the sustainable conservation and development of the valuable legacy of colonial built heritage by capitalizing on its tangible and intangible assets. The key variable is the recognition of the intrinsic value of both iconic and non-iconic properties and sites that constitute the extrinsic value of the cultural attractions of the tourism destination. The research problem is concerned with assessing the impact of contemporary tourism development on these attractions and identifying the issues affecting preservation and realization of asset potential. The research aims to support the collaboration between tourism professionals and cultural heritage stakeholders committed to resolving issues and problems for the destination identified within the stages of the tourism destination's life cycle of evolution (Butler, 1980).

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Merrington, Peter James. "Heritage, letters, and public history : Dorothea Fairbridge and loyal unionist cultural initiatives in South Africa, circa 1890-1930'." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7706.

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Bibliography: p. 287-312.
The study of the life and work of the 'nation building' author Dorothea Fairbridge is framed by the concept of the inventing of heritage for the Union of South Africa, circa 1910. The thesis begins with a historicizing of the concept of heritage, which is shown to have enjoyed a complex and wide range of social and cultural implications during the period roughly 1880 to 1930. This heritage paradigm or heritage discourse is reﬂected in the narrative dynamics of the contemporary novel, and samples including Fairbridge's ﬁction are discussed. The heritage paradigm is then applied in a survey of the Fairbridge family and its contribution to public culture. This paradigm is turned to the idea of the inventing of heritage for the Union, with a study of the rise of a 'Cape vernacular' architectural style and related topics, at the time of Union. The 'Van der Stel controversy' of 1909 plays a central role in Fairbridge's literary and historical work. The place of Van der Stel's farm, Vergelegen, as a cultural centre at the time of Union, is discussed, along with Fairbridge's classic studies of old Cape architecture and history. The exportation of the Cape vernacular building style as a national architectural idiom for South Africa at large is explored in a case study of the Tongaat-Hulett sugar estate in Kwazulu-Natal. The role of genteel anglophone Englishwomen in deﬁning Cape identity at the time of Union is explored, and Fairbridge's Guild of Loyal Women is shown to have been the origins of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Questions of archivism, memory, history and memorialism are linked. The signiﬁcance for literary production, of British immigration schemes, is discussed. The idea of national identity is then pursued in terms of the period genre of the 'new pageantry' where national and ethnic identity are performed. This is compared with mural painting in public buildings, and a case study is made of the 1908 Quebec Tercentenary pageant and the 1910 South African Union pageant. The study of Fairbridge and her milieu closes with a reconstruction of the cultural matrix with which the 'Cape-to-Cairo' idea was sustained for three decades, including an examination of the concept of the Cape as 'Mediterranean'. Thus, Fairbridge's contribution to South African public culture and identity is traced through her thirteen books and in the context of heritage, Africana, archives, colonial book production, architecture, gendered interests and activities, public performances, cultural geography and travel writing.

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Sweeney, James Anthony. "Margins of appreciation, cultural relativity and the European Court of Human Rights." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3557.

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This thesis is about establishing a balance between universal human rights and particular cultures or local conditions. It examines the universality debate with reference to the "margin of appreciation" in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular from the end of the Cold Wax when new Contracting Parties from central and eastern Europe came under the Court's jurisdiction.The thesis considers that analysis of these issues must not be parochial. In Part One the universality debate in international human rights law is therefore examined in detail. It is argued that universal human rights do not require absolute uniformity in their protection - even universal human rights are necessarily and defensibly qualified. In order to link the margin of appreciation to this universality debate its evolution, operation and the factors which underpin it are also clarified in Part Two. It is demonstrated that the margin of appreciation has evolved from a concession to states into a methodology for demanding ever greater justifications for their limitations upon human rights. In doing so the margin permitted accords with the defensible level of local qualification to human rights already identified.Part Three tests these conclusions against original analysis of recent case law, showing that the Court has been responsive to the differing needs of the new Contracting Parties. The Court had evolved a coherent and defensible approach to cases that have raised complex localised issues, and has maintained this even since its jurisdiction expanded. Whilst allowing modulation of European human rights protection according to local characteristics, use of the margin of appreciation does not amount to cultural relativism even in the expanded Council of Europe.

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Comin, Jeremy Yves. "Heritage and public housing in Hong Kong : the case of Mei Ho house." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/624.

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Cultural heritage has become a significant part of the cultural economy. Often criticized for its top down approach led by experts, and reflecting a western, elite class interpretation of heritage, the cultural heritage management industry has been trying to place the people at the centre of heritage conservation practices over recent years. This change of paradigm is, in part, due to the recognition of heritage as a significant aspect of everyday life, as well as a fluid yet undeniable attribute of identity and sense of place. In Hong Kong, a fast changing and transient city, the need for heritage conservation has only been recently fully acknowledged. In 2007, the authorities launched a new public-private partnership, known as the Revitalisation Scheme. Mei Ho House was integrated in the first batch of the scheme as the last remain of the first generation of public housing in Hong Kong. The building was transformed into a youth hostel with a museum displaying people's life in the post-war public housing estates. The present thesis investigates this seemingly successful conservation project on the premise that heritage is a dialogue between the material world and the individual. It discusses the legal and cultural context of heritage conservation in Hong Kong, and explores the meaning of vernacular architecture in Hong Kong and the discourse suggested by the museum. The visitors' response is also scrutinized as a significant part in the heritage-making process.

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Hoepfner, Riley. "Public Charge: Race-Based Exclusion in US Immigration Law Against Latinx Im/Migrants." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1619883296450031.

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Gärtner, Tanya, and Magnus Obermann. "The Role of the 'Coordinating State' in the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: An analysis of the cooperative jurisdictional regime of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) including relevant state practice." Beiträge des UNESCO-Lehrstuhls für Internationale Beziehungen, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70871.

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The article at hand concerns itself with evaluating the impact the State Cooperation System has had on how underwater cultural heritage is dealt with in international waters. A total of six researched cases, including the infamous Titanic and the currently controversial San José, attest that the notion of the Coordinating State has yet to deliver a higher standard of protection for cultural assets underwater. Also, generic ramifications caused by the superficial configuration of the treaty, such as disregarding private stakeholders and elements of bureaucracy, are identified. The discontent with cooperative jurisdictional provisions seems to be omnipresent. This affirms the need for reforming the Convention itself, even in consideration of the sixth Meeting of State Parties’ Draft Ratification and Implementation Strategy. In order to provide a workable proposal for reform, the authors acknowledge the potential role model effect of existing systems of shared jurisdiction. In conclusion, it is suggested to upgrade the convention’s Scientific and Technical Advisory Body (STAB) and assign it the identification of underwater cultural heritage, notifying state parties with a verifiable link to the heritage site as well as taking emergency measures. This is consistent with missions the STAB has already deployed to assist state parties on-site and preliminary deliberations to strengthen the support and funding of the STAB in the aforementioned Draft Ratification and Implementation Strategy.

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Coward, Ann Art History &amp Theory UNSW. "Museums and Australia???s Greek textile heritage: the desirability and ability of State museums to be inclusive of diverse cultures through the reconciliation of public cultural policies with private and community concerns." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Art History and Theory, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31957.

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This thesis explores the desirability of Australia???s State museums to be inclusive of diverse cultures. In keeping with a cultural studies approach, and a commitment to social action, emphasis is placed upon enhancing the ability of State museums to fulfil obligations and expectations imposed upon them as modern collecting institutions in a culturally diverse nation. By relating the desirability and ability of State museums to attaining social justice in a multicultural Australia through broadening the concept of Australia???s heritage, the thesis is firmly situated within post-colonial discourse. The thesis analyses State multicultural, heritage, and museum legislation, in New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland, with regard to State museums as agents of cultural policy. Results from a survey, Greeks and Museums, conducted amongst Australia???s Greeks in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, reveal an anomaly between their museum-going habits and the perception of those habits as expressed by government policies promoting the inclusion of Australians of a non-English speaking background in the nation???s cultural programmes. In exploring the issue of inclusiveness, the thesis highlights the need for cultural institutions to shift the emphasis away from audience development, towards greater audience participation. The thesis outlines an initiative-derived Queensland Model for establishing an inclusive relationship between museums and communities, resulting in permanent, affordable, and authoritative collections, while simultaneously improving the museums??? international reputation and networking capabilities. By using the example of one of the nation???s non-indigenous communities, and drawing upon material obtained through the survey, and a catalogue containing photographs and lists of Greek textile collections found in the Powerhouse Museum (MAAS), Sydney, the National Gallery of Victoria and the Immigration Museum, Melbourne, the Queensland Art Gallery and the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, as well as collections owned by private individuals, the thesis focuses on the role played by museums in constructing social cohesion and inclusiveness.

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Wesley, Donald C. "Hazardous freedom| A cultural history of student freedom of speech in the public schools." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3726022.

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In public schools, student expression commonly calls for the attention of school staff in one form or another. Educators have a practical interest in understanding the boundaries of student freedom of speech rights and are often directed to the four student speech cases decided to date by the Supreme Court (Tinker v Des Moines (1969), Bethel v Fraser (1986), Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier (1988), and Morse v Frederick (2007)). Sources about these cases abound, but most focus on legal reform issues such as the political arguments of opposing preferences for more student freedom or more school district control or the lack of clear guidance for handling violations

I propose an alternative approach to understanding the Supreme Court’s student speech jurisprudence focusing not on its correctness but on cultural influences which have worked and continue to work on the Court both from without and within. This approach may lead to a new understanding of Court decisions as legally binding on educators and an appreciation of the necessary rhetorical artistry of the Justices who write them. Not intended in any way as an apologetic of the Court’s decisions on student speech, this study is based particularly on the work of Strauber (1987), Kahn (1999) and Mautner (2011). It takes the form of a cultural history going back to the Fourteenth Amendment’s influence on individual rights from its ratification in 1868 to its application in Tinker in 1969 and beyond.

Seen as cultural process which begins with the Amendment’s initial almost complete ineffectiveness in restricting state abridgment of fundamental rights including speech to its eventual arrival, fully empowered, at the schoolhouse gate, this study attempts to make student speech rights more accessible to educators and others. The tensions between the popular culture which espouses the will of the people and the internal legal culture of the Court itself and its most outspoken and articulate Justices resolve into decisions which become the law of the land, at least for the moment. The study also offers implications for administrators together with suggestions on how to stay current with free speech case law applicable to the schools.

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Paiva, Marcelo Cardoso de. "Fabricando o patrimônio municipal. As ações de preservação do COMPAHC de São Bernardo do Campo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-17102014-113029/.

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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar e compreender as políticas municipais de preservação e os processos sociais com os quais elas se relacionam a partir do estudo de caso do Conselho Municipal de Preservação do Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural de São Bernardo do Campo (COMPAHC-SBC). A escolha de um conselho municipal de preservação como tema de pesquisa se justifica por três razões: a primeira delas deriva da tendência à muncipalização das políticas de preservação no Brasil observável desde os anos 1980. A segunda razão é sustentada pela considerável experiência consolidada que muitos conselhos municipais apresentam desde então, e, por fim, o fato de que tais experiências ainda não tem merecido problematização suficiente por parte das pesquisas acadêmicas. Sendo assim, os objetivos específicos da pesquisa consistem em investigar as especificidades da experiência de São Bernardo do Campo no âmbito da preservação municipal, tanto no que diz respeito à noção de patrimônio cultural desenvolvida pelo COMPAHC-SBC, às atuação dos sujeitos responsáveis pelas escolhas do órgão e às particularidades de seus instrumentos e processos institucionais voltados para a legitimação das ações do Conselho.
This dissertation aims to investigate and undersand the municipal conservation policies and the social proccess they are related to through the case study of the Municipal Council for the Conservation of Cultural and Historical Heritage of São Bernardo do Campo (COMPAHC-SBC). Choosing a municipal council for preservation as a research subject is justified by three reasons. The first onde derives from the tendency to municipalization of public policies for conservation in Brazil, evident since the 1980\'s. The second reason is supported by the considerable established experience presented by many municipal councils since then, and ultimately the fact that such experiences still has not get enough questioning from academic researches. Therefore, the specific goals of this research consist on investigate the specificities of São Bernardo do Campo\'s experience within municipal conservation, much in what concerns the notion of cultural heritage developed by the Council, the role played by the agents responsible for the agency\'s choices and the particularities of its instruments and institucional processes focused on the probate of COMPAHC-SBC\'s actions.

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Shay, Susan Carol Rothenberg. "The right to control the land : law, heritage and self-determination by native Hawaiians." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286153.

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Hawai'i was once an independent Indigenous sovereign island nation with a distinctive culture, history, and legislative past. The laws of the modern state of Hawai'i reflect that history as Indigenous heritage has been integrated into state law. However, during the last forty years the laws protecting Native Hawaiian rights have been challenged in Hawai'i through a series of significant land claim lawsuits. Native Hawaiian struggles for sovereignty are based on the assertion of their heritage rights in lawsuits. This dissertation explores the use of heritage in land claim lawsuits and the role it plays in the construction of a modern Indigenous identity. It uses Native Hawaiian efforts for land control in Hawai'i as a case study to explore how involvement in the legal process has impacted both Indigenous identity and heritage. In this dissertation I examine three major lawsuits following one line of legal precedent: traditional and customary access rights. The investigation answers the questions of how legal narrative construction using heritage impacts Indigenous identity; how heritage values are substantiated; what the role is of experts in formulating cases; if there is a measurable change over time in the way that cultural claims are structured; and what the impact is of increased Indigenous political leadership and land control on Native Hawaiian identity and heritage. To complete this research, I applied a mixed qualitative method approach of ethno-historical, socio-legal, and legal narrative analyses with content analysis to examine Indigenous textural production and court performance as forms of social practice. I supported my research with ethnographic semi-structured interviews and participant observation in recognition of Indigenous protocol. The results indicate that Native Hawaiian use of heritage in courtrooms has contributed to Indigenous identity construction by enhancing collective memory, increasing land control, and protecting group rights. The results also provide insight into how such actions by Indigenous peoples can advance upward social mobility, encourage collective identification and civic involvement, regenerate cultural practices, and strengthen group identity. This research provides new insights into how Indigenous heritage can be used as a means of Indigenous empowerment and develops a greater and more complex understanding of the uses of heritage for land control and sovereignty. These findings may be used by other special interest groups using heritage to achieve common goals.

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Couderc, Irène. "Le domaine public mobilier." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT3003.

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La présente thèse s'attache à définir la consistance du domaine public mobilier et la portée du principe d'inaliénabilité associé à cette catégorie juridique consacrée par le Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques en 2006.Elle montre que le Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques a consacré le domaine public mobilier en renforçant la prééminence des biens culturels en son sein. Les biens qui présentent « un intérêt public du point de vue de l'histoire, de l'art, de l'archéologie, de la science ou de la technique » sont protégés par un standard juridique. Néanmoins, le domaine public mobilier est réceptif à des meubles dépourvus d'intérêt culturel. Il existe en outre un domaine public mobilier praeter legem.Le domaine public est protégé par le principe d'inaliénabilité. Cependant, le principe d'inaliénabilité du domaine public mobilier est avant tout une interdiction de déclassement administratif de meubles publics qui présentent un intérêt public du point de vue de l'histoire, de l'art, de l'archéologie, de la science ou de la technique. Loin d'être sanctuarisé, il s'accommode en droit et en fait d'une importante aliénabilité des meubles domaniaux
French public entities (the State, local entities) can be owners of real property or movables. When these movables have a cultural value, they can be a matter of what the French law calls ‟domaine public mobilier”. These properties are subjected to legal rules which grant them a particular protection: they are inalienable; they are subjected to special rules regarding their preservation, their safety and their security. And these properties are subjected to particular legal rules allowing people to discover them in public museums, in public exhibitions, etc. How does the law identify these properties? Is the inalienability of these properties as “authoritarian” as the law wants it? These questions are in the heart of the present work

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Cali, Placido. "Políticas municipais de gestão do patrimônio arqueológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-27102006-151913/.

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A presente Tese investiga as Políticas Municipais de Gestão do Patrimônio Arqueológico a partir do estudo de caso de dezenas de cidades em vários estados, com suas ações na área, leis e estrutura. Procura, ainda, saber como o patrimônio arqueológico está inserido nas políticas culturais locais e compara as ações de proteção dos sítios arqueológicos com as ações nos demais Bens patrimoniais. Apresenta um estudo jurídico do papel dos entes federativos na proteção do patrimônio arqueológico e cultural, em especial o papel dos municípios, observando o que é estabelecido na Constituição Federal e a jurisprudência de vários processos julgados em várias instâncias do Judiciário. Finalmente, propõe alguns caminhos aos municípios interessados em desenvolver políticas de gestão do patrimônio arqueológico e cultural e disponibiliza material documental de referência nunca antes sistematizado
For this Thesis, based on case studies, the municipal policies for the archeological heritage management are investigated considering actions, legislation and structure of dozens of cities, in different States. The role of the archeological heritage is also investigated, in local cultural policies, and the protection of archeological sites is compared to the protection of other properties. On a legal point of view, the role of federal entities, protecting the archeological and cultural heritage, is studied, specially the role of municipalities, considering what the Federal Constitution establishes and the jurisprudence of different lawsuits adjudicated in the various levels of the Judiciary. This Thesis proposes some solutions for the municipalities aiming the development of cultural and archeological heritage management policies and provides reference material never before systematized

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Imon, Sharif Shams. "Sustainable urban conservation: the role of public participation in the conservation of urban heritage in oldDhaka." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36224091.

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CHAN, Wai Yin. "Beyond public health : the cultural politics of tobacco control in Hong Kong." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2009. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cs_etd/4.

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This work provides cultural and political explanations on how and why cigarette smoking has increasingly become an object of intolerance and control in Hong Kong. Since the 1980s, the smoking population has been falling. Smoking behavior, sales and promotion of cigarette products have been under close surveillance by the government, medical experts and society at large. Cigarette smoking, as well as smokers, has increasingly been rejected and demonized in the public discourse. What are the conditions that make the growing intolerant discourses and practices against cigarette smoking possible and dominant? Why and how has the tobacco control campaign become prevalent as a governmentalist project, which is strong enough to tear down the alliance of tobacco industry giants? Why is tobacco singled out from other legal but harmful substances, such as alcohol, as an imperative object of intolerance and control? This work tackles these questions by adopting a Foucauldian discursive approach and the theory of articulation developed in cultural studies. By considering tobacco control as a historical and contextual practice, it traces the specific trajectory of tobacco control in Hong Kong, maps the cultural and political contexts that make it possible, and considers its consequence regarding the complex relationship among control, construction of risk, identity and freedom in society.

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Mbazira, Christopher. "Enforcing the economic, social and cultural rights in the South African Constitution as justicable individual rights: the role of judicial remedies." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7448_1254751404.

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Judicial remedies are, amongst others, a vehicle through which respect, protection, promotion and fulfilment of human rights can be delivered to those who need them. A remedy is the perspective from which litigants judge either the success or failure of judicial decisions. Judicial remedies make the rights whole, they complete the justiciability of human rights because without them human rights remain statements of legal rhetoric. The nature of the remedies that the courts grant is not only based on the normative nature of the rights they seek to enforce. They are also influenced by factors such as the goals and objectives of judicial remedies as defined, amongst others, by the ethos of either corrective or distributive forms of justice. This thesis explored these factors and their impact on judicial remedies. Stress is put on the impact of the separation of powers doctrine, institutional competence concerns and on the forms of justice pursued by courts. The study is based on the judicial enforcement of the socio-economic rights protected in the South African 1996 Constitution. The research undertaken here was intended to guide scholars, legal practitioners and judicial officers who confront socio-economic rights issues as part of their daily work.

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Mangili, Liziane Peres. "Anseios, dissonâncias, enfrentamentos: o lugar e a trajetória da preservação em Lençóis (Bahia)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-09092015-140454/.

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O trabalho analisa os conflitos de valores e significados no reconhecimento e práti- cas de preservação do patrimônio cultural de Lençóis, Bahia. Primeiro núcleo urbano tombado a partir da solicitação da própria população pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, a pesquisa examina os desencontros dos anseios da comunidade local desde o início do processo em 1971 e nas sucessivas ações governamentais (Programa de Cidades Históricas, criação do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvi- mento Florestal, Programa de Desenvolvimento Turístico da Bahia e do Nordeste e Programa Monumenta) frente às decisões adotadas pelas autoridades. Por meio de pesquisa documen- tal e entrevistas, evidencia-se nessa trajetória dissonâncias no entendimento do sentidos da preservação entre lençoenses e técnicos, quanto divergências internas aos organismos de pa- trimônio e aos programas de preservação. A contemplação de alguns bens e valores em detrimento de outros, aliado a fatores conjunturais, resultaram em ressignificações do patrimônio de Lençóis. Fatores que, somados à falta de espaço participativo nas decisões sobre o quê e como preservar, vêm causando enfrentamentos que revelam formas de resistências culturais. Conclui-se que a compreensão de todas as nuances da cultura e das necessidades locais é fun- damental para a efetiva gestão e caracterização do lugar do patrimônio - que deve se pretender mais inclusiva e participativa - na vida de uma cidade.
This research analyzes the conflict of values and meanings in the recognition of cultural heritage preservation practices in Lençóis, Bahia. This was the first urban center pre- served at the request of its own inhabitants by Brazil\'s National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute. This research examines the local community\'s conflicting intentions and the various steps taken by authorities since the beginning of the preservation process in 1971. Since then, residents have continued to content with a series of government interventions including those of the Historic Cities Program, the creation of the Chapada Diamantina National Park by the Brazilian Forest Development Institute, the Tourism Development Program of Bahia and the Northeast, and the Monuments Program. Through interviews and documentary research, it is evident that there are many disagreements between local citizens and experts about the mea- nings of preservation, as well as internal differences among heritage organizations and conser- vation programs. In determining certain goods and values which necessarily disregard others, and taken together with cyclical factors, cultural heritage has been reinterpreted in Lençóis. These, in addition to the lack of participation in decisions about what to preserve and how to do it, caused clashes that have revealed forms of cultural resistance. This research concludes that understanding all the nuances of local culture and needs is critical to the effective mana- gement and characterization of heritage sites, and that this process should be more inclusive and participatory in the life of a city.

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Erguc, Ozdemir Gizem. "The Role Of Institutions In Promoting Public Interest Within The Context Of Cultural And Natural Heritage Conservation: The Case Of Gokova." Thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611217/index.pdf.

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This thesis discusses the role of institutions in promoting public interest within the context of cultural and natural heritage conservation. Due to the fact that the concept of public interest is controversial and may differ from one context to another, and that there are numerous institutions, the role of institutions in public interest promoting process limited to the context of conservation. A large number of public institutions develop policies that have significant implications for the conservation of cultural and natural resources in Turkey. The aim of these policies is to promote public interest by safeguarding natural and cultural assets. Moreover conservation institutions adopt different public interest approaches based on their establishment laws, therefore they carry out different activities to attain the objectives of their institutions. Consequently, promotion public interest by such institutions becomes even more ambiguous under these circumstances. Within this context, the Gö
kova case provides a good basis for the investigation of the ways in which public institutions conduct their activities in the quest to promote public interest.

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Koenig, Eric. "Baiting Sustainability: Collaborative Coastal Management, Heritage Tourism, and Alternative Fisheries in Placencia, Belize." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6526.

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Local coastal fishers in Belize are adapting novel strategies to manage, exploit, and market marine and coastal resources in an effort to promote fishing livelihoods and coastal environmental sustainability. These resilience strategies respond to diminished fishing stocks, fisheries and environmental policies and regulations, climate change, shifting seafood markets, and expanding tourism development. With growing foreign investment and nationally-directed infrastructure improvement projects on the Placencia Peninsula in recent years, tourism development is shifting toward mass tourism, and local residents are seeking avenues to sustain their livelihoods. In Placencia, the need for effective monitoring and management of Marine Protected Areas, fisheries, and coastal tourism, and enforcement of environmental regulations is being met through collaborations between the fisheries sector, governmental departments, regional environmental NGOs, and international aid agencies. Drawing on an “anthropology of public policy” approach and ethnographic research (including interviews, participatory mapping, surveys, and participant-observation) between 2013 and 2015 on the peninsula, this thesis investigates the implications of collaborative coastal resource management strategies developed between the Placencia Producers Cooperative Society Limited and regional environmental NGOs such as the Southern Environmental Association (SEA), among others, to promote marine conservation, local fishing livelihoods, and heritage tourism. In particular, I consider how fishing livelihoods, conceptions of local history and heritage, environmental knowledge, tourism development, and fisheries and environmental policies inform the relationships and trajectory for “sustainable” local fisheries management through these collaborations. Many local fishers recognize a complementary relationship between tourism and fishing occupations through the ways that they can impart an ecological conservation ethos, centering coastal environmental knowledge, education, and local “embodied heritage” experiences and skills to sustain local marine livelihoods while preserving coastal ecosystems for visitors and future generations of residents. With the declining prominence of commercial fishing for Caribbean spiny lobster, queen conch, and fin-fish in the village, several Placencia fishers are applying their generationally inherited and embodied marine knowledge to livelihood diversification strategies such as seasonal, full- or part-time transitions to tour guiding and NGO coastal conservation, monitoring and enforcement, restoration, and outreach positions. Moreover, many fishers in the Placencia producers fishing cooperative have ventured into alternative fisheries and mariculture activities including fishing and marketing of invasive lionfish as well as seaweed farming and value-added product promotion with variable support from the Belize Fisheries Department, SEA, other environmental NGOs, and international conservation and development organizations. Recognizing these livelihood diversification strategies and relationships for sustainable coastal resource management, I discuss the opportunities and challenges of three recent and emerging alternative livelihoods programs directed by the Placencia fishing cooperative including the seaweed farming project, the lionfish eradication and marketing initiative, and the development of a heritage tourism program centering fisher livelihoods in connection with a proposed local fishing history museum. To explore the possibility for fishing heritage tourism as a pathway to “sustainable tourism development” on the peninsula in the future, I investigate how local conceptions of fishing as heritage in Placencia village converge with or diverge from tourist “imaginaries” of culture and heritage on the peninsula as well as heritage assets and products conceived in national sustainable tourism development policy and commercial tourism markets. Residents of the peninsula, Belizean workers and visitors residing off of the peninsula, and foreign tourists alike recognize fishing and activites, events, and places associated with fishing as aspects of local heritage, although foreign visitors generally ascribe only cursory significance to fishing in the peninsula’s culture(s), heritage, and identities as compared with Belizean nationals. Rather, these visitors often imagine local heritage in terms of beaches and relaxation, the Belize Barrier reef and cayes, and especially the local friendly vibe, “quaintness,” and cultural diversity of people, drawing partly from national and local tourism marketing media portrayals of major attractions on the peninsula (such as on websites and in magazines and guidebooks) and resident and visitor word of mouth. Local and national sustainable tourism policies for the peninsula that recommend cultural tourism as a secondary product for future tourism development on the peninsula align with interview and survey results that suggest widespread resident and visitor interest in seeing the development of cultural heritage attractions on the peninsula such as a local cultural and historical museum. For many residents, conceptions of heritage tourism fit within the scope of local plans and visions for sustainable development that aim to maintain the integrity of the peninsula as a “low impact,” “authentic,” integrated, and primarily overnight tourism destination with a laid-back vibe, beaches, cultural diversity, and access to a variety of inland and marine-based attractions. Drawing from these results, I conclude by discussing the implications of these alternative fisheries and tourism initiatives and markets to support local livelihoods and coastal environmental conservation, and consider the potential viability of collaborative coastal resource management approaches between fishers, NGOs, and governmental organizations for future sustainable development in Placencia and other coastal Belizean communities. This thesis represents an applied case study of collaborative fisheries management and how heritage is conceived and applied in a coastal Belizean context. It builds on previous coastal environmental resource management, heritage studies, and anthropology of tourism research, and considers the significance of local heritage and livelihoods in crafting locally accountable, relevant, and sustainable development policies and plans in coastal settings.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public Law – Cultural Heritage'

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