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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public interest'
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1
Edwards, Geoffrey. "Defining the 'Public Interest'." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365184.
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The 'public interest' (including 'national interest' in foreign affairs) has long been recognised as a yardstick in public policy. Intuitively, one would expect that first-rate policy analysis, including multi-disciplinary inquiry and public consultation, should be adequate to document a reasonable approximation of the public interest to guide- political debate. Yet the precise nature of the public interest remains enigmatic. The concept plays out in three primary ways: as a rhetorical device, as a statement of current policy, and as a normative standard. Error arises from assuming that these usages are equivalent. When it is found that rhetorical and current formulations are inadequate, the temptation is to discard the concept as meaningless without further normative inquiry. Indeed, the academic literature on the subject seems to peter out in the 1970s without reaching any consensus on whether the term has meaning other than as a device for propaganda.
Since economic rationalism rose to prominence in the 1980s, governments have allowed markets to determine what is in the public interest and have neglected other standards such as ethics, the wisdom of the ages, the deliberations of a non-partisan public service, international treaties and biophysical limits to economic growth.
As a working definition, the present research describes the public interest as the stake that the community at large has in public affairs and searches for some objective criteria in the literature and through case studies, survey and logical analysis. The three case studies related to (a) real property rights, (b) international free trade and (c) aviation safety. It was found that: the private rights and public responsibilities of holders of real property are poorly defined; the Australian Government's insistence that free international trade is a major limb of national interest is defective on both theoretical and evidentiary grounds; and in aviation a search for a widely accepted definition even of 'safety' was unsuccessful.
The research also explored the features of gross domestic product, a universally accepted measure of economic growth popularly taken as an indicator of public well-being. The concept was found to be riddled with defects, even as a narrow measure of economic prosperity. Nor did any of several philosophical lenses evaluated in the thesis lead to a clear benchmark (though 'natural law' was found to have promise as it holds that some ethical traits are inherent in human nature and are augmented by a corpus of moral standards that have gained consensus over the centuries). The analysis did not support the prevalent view that government ministers determine the public interest or that public interest arises as the pluralist-style resultant of contending interest groups.
In short, no authoritative or objective standard could be discovered. Further, the hold that relativism and neo-liberalism have within the social sciences and the policy community makes it unlikely that scholars will reach a consensus on how to crystallise the public interest in the foreseeable future.
The research therefore turned to look for some foundation in the biophysical environment and in global affairs. Two findings rescued the quest: the demonstrable limits of the natural environment and the existence of international treaties. Some axioms are derived from these for the biophysical, social and public policy arenas. The thesis argues that it should be possible to align government policies and actions to achieve objectives consistent with these, though this process is inconsistent with the predominant market-led model of framing public policy. In brief, the public interest can be served by progress towards internationally accepted ideal conditions even if, by definition, a normative standard remains elusive.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Politics and Public Policy
Griffith Business School
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Jordan, Sara Rene. "The public interest in public administration: an investigation of the communicative foundations of the public interest standard." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5977.
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The public interest is the highest standard for bureaucratic action in American
government. While the importance of this standard ebbs and flows in the literature, the
eminence of it remains unquestioned as the North Star for the American ship of state.
As the highest standard in American politics and policy, this standard must be formed
democratically. In this dissertation, I examine the formation of the public interest
standard through the lens of citizen-bureaucratic communication, using the theory of
communicative action advanced by the contemporary German social and political
philosopher, Jürgen Habermas. I support the use of such a theoretical framework in
America by examining the importance of communication for the American pragmatist
philosopher, John Dewey. I examine the ramifications of communication in the
American democratic state as foundational for the formation and continued expression of
the public interest throughout the institution of the American executive branch.
3
Maidment, Christopher. "Planning in the public interest? : looking for the 'public interest' in English plan-making." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12319/.
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This thesis is about the public interest and how it is articulated in English plan-making practices. It is about recognising that the public interest can be conceptualised in multiple ways and exploring which of these conceptions are apparent in planning practices. The literature tells the story of a concept that is simultaneously a crucial justification for planning activities, and an empty signifier, following its disputed conceptual coherence and historic use. The thesis therefore develops an understanding of the different ways in which it has been conceptualised. The resulting conceptual framework draws together process and outcome focussed conceptions of the public interest and suggests that the use of scale, in terms of both time and geography, might help in differentiating their use. To understand how these different conceptions are influencing contemporary planning practices, qualitative methods are used to explore two cases that differ from the English tradition of making plans for a single local authority. The first is Central Lincolnshire, formed by merging the plan-making functions of three local authorities. The second case is the Peak District National Park, whose designation similarly gives the authority the power to plan for large parts of other local authorities within its boundary. However the cases contrast in their history; the Peak District was nationally designated, nearly seventy years ago, whilst Central Lincolnshire is a far more recent, locally driven construction. The cases suggest how national policy reduces the space for local deliberation about what is in the public interest, with a tendency for each case to be dominated by particular intended outcomes. However this story is told differently for each case, by virtue of the different scales at which each authority aims to have an impact. In turn this has significant implications for how planning theory and practice might account for the public interest.
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Davies, Gillian. "Copyright and the public interest." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/e7feebe6-b07c-4e1f-b989-6633d48b0033.
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The law of copyright will celebrate its tricentennial in thirteen years time. First introduced in England in 1709 in response to the invention of printing, its history has been one of constant development to keep pace with significant changes in technology. In the 1990s, copyright is more topical than ever. The potential for worldwide distribution of multi-media works over the emerging Global Information Infrastructure is the latest challenge facing the copyright system. This situation has prompted ambitious programmes for copyright reform and harmonisation at national level and within the Berne Union and the European Union. It is timely therefore to reexamine the basic justifications for copyright. The first two legislative texts on copyright, the UK Statute of Anne 1709 and the Copyright Clause of the US Constitution 1787, embodied the concept that providing copyright protection for authors for a limited time would encourage and promote learning and progress and thus act for the public good. The thesis explores the underlying principles governing copyright legislation in the light of the proposition that copyright is a just and proper concept, established and developed in the public interest. In recent years, this proposition has been contested in the context of the challenges to the copyright system posed by technical developments. In this debate, the philosophical basis for copyright and its moral and economic functions have been called into question and the public interest has been invoked, not in favour of improved protection for copyright owners, but in favour of free and unfettered access by the public to copyright works. By reexamining these issues, the thesis aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on public policy in relation to copyright reform and harmonisation.
5
Myeni, Wenzile. "Public interest and merger controls in South Africa: the role of public interest in merger evaluations and how efficiency-driven principles are reconciled with public interest considerations." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4669.
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Baldwin, Sharon. "Self-interest and the public interest, professional regulation in Saskatchewan, 1905-1948." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ35827.pdf.
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Hicks, Bentley G. (Bentley Garth) Carleton University Dissertation Law. "Interests and the public interest in law and public policy: a case study in aboriginal policy in Canada." Ottawa, 1995.
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Tang, Guan Hong. "Copyright and the public interest in China." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4396.
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This thesis will consider how the multidimensional public interest concept at once informs development of Chinese copyright law and also limits it. Since 1990 China has awarded copyright - individual rights - but also provides for public, non-criminal enforcement. Bowing to pressures of development, globalisation and participation in a world economy, the public interest is leaving copyright. But at the same time, as a socialist country, placing the common ahead of the individual interest, the public interest also constitutes a phenomenological tool with which to limit copyright. The tensions are further exacerbated by the rise of the Internet, which has had major social and economic impact on China, and also raise problems for Chinese copyright law, of which selected aspects will be discussed in comparison with those in the United Kingdom and the United States. The thesis consists of an introduction and a conclusion, together with six chapters: a historical background of legal culture and the rise of the Internet in China; an examination on copyright law and the different aspects of the public interest; discussions on the Chinese system of copyright protection with a focus on the administrative copyright enforcement, and topical copyright issues arising within education, library and archives sectors on the ground of the multidimensional public interest.
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MARTINS, BIANCA MARIA REGO. "INFORMATION DESIGN IN SITUATIONS OF PUBLIC INTEREST." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10701@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA pesquisa dedica-se ao estudo do processo de desenvolvimento de projetos no campo do Design da informação, que têm como propósito trabalhar situações de interesse público - educação, saúde pública, segurança, entre outros. Tem por objetivo compreender como diferentes setores da sociedade desenvolvem projetos desta natureza, investigando os propósitos, a metodologia aplicada, o processo de desenvolvimento, a implementação e a avaliação dos trabalhos realizados. Reúne entrevistas com designers que utilizam os enfoques metodológicos do Design em Parceria e a Pesquisa-ação. Apresenta contextualização histórica, fundamentação teórica e informações sobre diferentes setores da sociedade, tais como instituições públicas, privadas, acadêmicas e ONGs, onde existem equipes que desenvolvem projetos na área do Design da informação para situações de interesse público. É utilizada uma análise de conteúdo para a interpretação dos achados da pesquisa. Apresenta o estudo de um processo de desenvolvimento de material didático para a alfabetização bilíngüe de crianças surdas em LIBRAS e Português escrito, o que possibilitou a imersão no tema central da dissertação.
The research is dedicated to the study of development process of projects in the Information Design area, whose objective is to handle situations of public interest - education, public health, security, among others. Its objective is to understand how different sectors of society develop projects of this nature, investigating the purposes, the applied methodology, the development process, the implementation and the evaluation of works performed. It includes interviews with designers that use methodologies that have methodological focus on Design in Partnership and the Research-action. It provides the historical background, theoretical grounding and information about the different sectors of society, such as public, private, academic institutions and NOGs, where there are teams that develop projects in the Information Design area for situations of public interest. It is used an analysis of content to interpret the results of the research. It presents the study of a development process of didactic material for the bilingual alphabetization of deaf children in LIBRAS and written Portuguese, what allowed the immersion in the central theme of the written essay.
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Hall, Derek Rotherham. "Interest-based planning: The concept of interest and public urban land use system planning." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9933674.
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This thesis examines the possibility of applying the concept of interest to public urban land use system planning, although it is not intended that the idea should be limited to urban planning. The concept is considered in detail, as is the question of who can have interests. The conclusion on that is that individuals and the public are the only true categories of interest holders, although interest groups need to be recognised for practical reasons. Corporations and governments cannot be true interest holders. The application of the concept was assessed in relation to the subject-matter of urban land use planning, and a typical land use planning process. The possibility of applying it to a hypothetical system of planning using the pragmatic method was also considered. The final part looked at the ‘institutions’ of planning, that is, law, politics, professional planning, administration, and administrative tribunals, to see how they would likely relate to a planning system based on the use of the concept of interest. The conclusion was that there would be no insurmountable difficulties even If not all of these institutions would readily embrace the concept. The idea was found to be plausible in so far as a comprehensive theory of interest-based urban land use planning was able to be worked out. By considering practical issues throughout, a strong presumption was raised that it would be feasible, although testing and further development of the idea would be necessary. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method were reviewed. The expected benefits were ensuring that public urban land use system planning was humanistic, and providing a concept, or theme, around which a comprehensive theory of such planning could be constructed. Likely areas of difficulty were misunderstanding due to the lack of agreement on the meaning of the concept, although the meaning that should be adopted for the proposed purpose was spelt out. Secondly, a conservative attitude towards the use of concepts other than interest in planning and related disciplines could cause resistance to the adoption of the proposed method. It was shown how the idea is largely novel, but that recently there has been increasing use of the concept of interest in the land use planning literature.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
11
Fredin, Malin, and Johanna Predal. "Revisorns roll - från client focus mot public interest." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3223.
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Syftet med vår uppsats har varit att utreda om revisorns roll har förskjutits från ”client focus” mot ”public interest”. Vi har också tagit reda på vad revisorerna tycker om sin nya roll. ”Client focus” innebär att revisorerna utför tjänstejobb, de måste vara måna om sina klienter, dessa har rätt att byta revisor vid missnöje. De huvudsakliga uppgifterna som vi anser ligga i begreppet ”public interest” är skyldigheten att anmäla vid misstanke om brott och uppgiften att i vissa fall skicka orena revisionsberättelser till Skatteverket. Det finns även en del uppgifter som vi varken kan placera under ”client focus” eller ”public interest” utan som vi anser ligger under båda begreppen, hit hör granskningen av miljöredovisningar och sociala redovisningar, eftersom den delvis är reglerad i lag och delvis är självvald.
Vi har gjort besöksintervjuer hos fyra revisorer, frågorna har varit identiska med öppna svarsalternativ. Svaren har använts för att utvärdera resultatet av undersökningen, analysera och dra slutsatser.
Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att ingen av de intervjuade revisorerna anser sig se mer till någon intressent än vad de ser till sin klient. Revisorerna anser att gränsen för när de ska anmäla brott bör vara tydligare och att de orena revisionsberättelserna som skickas till Skatteverket inte anses betungande. Av revisorernas svar så tolkar vi det som att granskningen av den lagstadgade miljöredovisningen och sociala redovisningen är viktigare för samhället än för revisorerna själva.
Revisorerna ser ingen förskjutning mot ”public interest” och anser därför inte att de har fått någon ny roll.
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Chirichiello, Michela. "Confidentiality and public interest in mixed international arbitration." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19633.
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Confidentiality is unanimously recognized to be one of the most characteristic and attractive features of international commercial arbitration. The confidential character of arbitral proceedings has often been presumed on the basis of the privacy of the hearings, but this presumption has proven ill-founded in arbitrations between private and public actors ("mixed arbitration"). National courts and international tribunals have come to recognize and to enforce a public interest exception to confidentiality based on the principle that the public has a right to be informed of the contents and outcome of the arbitral proceedings whenever the subject-matter of the dispute is of public concern. This thesis will assess the basis upon which and the limits within which the public interest exception to confidentiality might operate. The thesis will then provide an analysis of the benefits—the accommodation of moral and legal expectations of public participation—and risks—the politicization of the arbitrated dispute and disclosure of trade secrets—of greater transparency and openness in mixed arbitral proceedings. The thesis will show that the public interest exception to confidentiality is a valuable and important development along the path of democratic governance, but also that, in order to avoid the indiscriminate disclosure of information, the precise range of its application needs to be carefully defined and limited to only those cases wherein it appears to be fully justified.
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Sydorak-Tomczyk, Anna. "The EU and international cooperation in competition policy : public interest or public choice?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508976.
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O'Leary, Chris. "Who benefits? : comparing public and private interest explanations of professions regulation public policy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/who-benefits(952451ab-43d8-40cc-bc8d-d1d15cd2cd18).html.
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What motivates actors as they engage in the professions regulation policy process? Are they motivated to serve their own, selfish interests or the wider, public interests? This key question has been at the heart of policy and academic debate since the first independent regulatory body, the General Medical Council, was established by Parliament in 1858. It is a debate that has affected changes in the professions meta-regulatory framework as well as the regulatory regimes affecting many different professions, aspiring professions and occupational groups. In this thesis, I compare public and private interest explanations of the policy process around professions regulation in the UK. I have explored this question by examining five very different professions – architects, hearing aid dispensers, pharmacists, psychotherapists and teachers - and their relevant regulators as they managed changes in their regulatory regimes. I explored the observable expectations arising from two private interest models, bureau-shaping and rent seeking, as they applied to the motivations of regulators and professional bodies respectively. I also explored public service motivation theory, a theory has seen much academic interest in recent years, particularly in the public administration field. I examined these theories with respect to three key non-political interest groups: regulators, professions and the public. Overall, my research suggests, on balance, private interest theories provide a more convincing explanation of the motivations of regulators and professional bodies as they engaged in these regulation policy developments. But there were differences, over time and between regulators and profession bodies, as to whether private or public interest motivations were more dominant or evident. There was evidence that public interests also motivated these actors. I also draw a number of conclusions about the theoretical validity of both rent seeking and public service motivation theories.
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Stevens, Leslie Anne. "A public interest approach to data protection law : the meaning, value and utility of the public interest for research uses of data." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25772.
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Due to legal uncertainty surrounding the application of key provisions of European and UK data protection law, the public interest in protecting individuals’ informational privacy is routinely neglected, as are the public interests in certain uses of data. Consent or anonymisation are often treated as the paradigmatic example of compliance with data protection law, even though both are unable to attend to the full range of rights and interests at stake in data processing. Currently, where data processing may serve a realisable public interest, and consent or anonymisation are impracticable (if not impossible to obtain) the public interest conditions to processing are the rational alternative justifications for processing. However, the public interest conditions are poorly defined in the legislation, and misunderstood and neglected in practice. This thesis offers a much-needed alternative to the predominant consent-or-anonymise paradigm by providing a new understanding of the public interest concept in data protection law and to suggest a new approach to deploying the concept in a way that is consistent with the protective and facilitative aims of the legislation. Through undertaking legislative analysis new insight is provided on the purpose of the public interest conditions in data protection law, revealing critical gaps in understanding. By engaging with public interest theory and discovering the conceptual contours of the public interest, these gaps are addressed. Combined with the insight obtained from the legislative history, we can determine the reasonable range of circumstances and types of processing where it may be justifiable to use personal data based on the public interest. On this basis, and to develop a new approach for deploying the concept, other legal uses of the public interest are examined. The lessons learned suggest legislative and procedural elements that are critical to successful deployment of the public interest concept in data protection. The thesis concludes with the identification of key components to allow a clearer understanding of the public interest in this field. Further, these insights enable recommendations to be made, to reform the law, procedure and guidance. In doing so, the concept of the public interest can be confidently deployed in line with the aims of data protection law, to both protect and facilitate the use of personal data.
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Senkus, Dovydas. "Ar lobizmo įteisinimas yra suderinamas su konstitucijoje įtvirtintu principu, jog įstatymų leidėjai turi vadovautis valstybės interesais?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140614_152844-09872.
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Nors lobizmas Lietuvoje buvo įtvirtintas 2001 metais, priėmus Lietuvos Respublikos Lobistinės veiklos įstatymą, iki šiol lietuvių teisinėje literatūroje nebuvo skiriama daug dėmesio lobizmo kaip instituto suderinamumui su Konstitucijos 59 straipsnio 4 dalyje įtvirtintu principu, jog Seimo nariai savo darbe turi vadovautis valstybės interesu. Lobizmas dažniausiai yra nagrinėjamas politikos mokslų kontekste kaip grupių interesų perdavimo priemonė. Teisinėje literatūroje yra straipsnių analizuojančių Lobistinės veiklos įstatymą, jo veikimą ar neveikimą bei kitus lobizmo įtvirtinimo aspektus. Visgi lobizmo ir konstitucinio principo, jog Seimo nariai savo darbe turi vadovautis valstybės interesu suderinamumo problema kyla tada, kai interesų grupės, pasitelkdamos lobistus, siekia savo siaurų interesų, kurie prieštarauja valstybės interesui, patenkinimo. Taigi priėmus lobizmą įteisinančius įstatymus (leidus privačioms interesų grupėms tiesiogiai daryti įtaką leidžiamajai valdžiai) kyla reali grėsmė, kad bus pažeistas Konstitucijoje įtvirtintas principas, jog įstatymų leidėjai turi vadovautis valstybės, o ne privačiais interesais. Šis baigiamasis darbas ir yra skiriamas ištirti šių dviejų institutų suderinamumą, jų reglamentavimą ir interpretavimą, nurodyti ryškiausius probleminius aspektus ir pateikti samprotavimus, kurie galėtų būti pagalbine medžiaga kitiems, susidomėjusiems šios problemos sprendimu.
Tyrimo objektas – Lobistinė veikla, kuria pagal galiojančius teisės aktus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]While lobbying in Lithuania was legitimised in 2001, after passing the Law on Lobbying Activities, up until this day legal scholars in Lithuania have not made any researches about compatibility of lobbying with the constitutional principle that legislators must act according to the state interests. Lobbying is usually examined in the context of political science as a vehicle for transmission of group interests. In legal literature some scholars analyse functionality of the Law on Lobbying Activities, but other problems of lobbying are not being analysed. This problem of compatibility lobbying and constitutional principle that legislators must act according to the state interests arise when interest groups, through lobbyists, try to satisfy their own selfish needs which are against state interests. So because the Law on Lobbying Activities was passed (private groups were allowed to influence government representatives) there is a real danger that constitutional principle which obliges legislators to act according to the state interests, not according to the private interest will be breached. This thesis is intended to investigate the compatibility of these two institutes, their regulation and to show some of the most problematic aspects which arises while trying to compare these two institutes. The object of this thesis is lobbying activities, which are in accordance with existing legislation and intended to affect the legislative decisions, and its compatibility with the... [to full text]
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Fewer, David Anthony. "Defining the public interest in Canadian intellectual property policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29443.pdf.
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Razzaque, Jona. "Public interest environmental litigation in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368702.
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Sinnamon, Timothy E. "The public interest and the Legal Services Act 2007." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606809.
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The Legal Services Act 2007 brings about radical changes to both the regulatory structure of the legal profession in England and Wales and the way in which legal services can be provided to clients. For nearly 40 years successive Governments sought to bring about changes to the regulation of the legal profession. Changes were achieved with only limited success. Following an Office of Fair Trading report in 2001 and a Government consultation titled 'In the Public Interest?' in 2002, the legal profession was given the time and opportunity to bring about changes themselves. With the advent of Lord Falconer as Lord Chancellor, a major review of legal services was announced in 2003. The report on the review produced by Sir David Clementi was used as the basis for a Government White Paper which, contrary to the 2002 ‘In the Public Interest?' consultation, made no reference to the public interest. Following this White Paper a Draft Legal Services Bill was presented to Parliament in 2006. It made no reference to the public interest. The absence of any reference to the 'public interest' was identified when the Draft Bill received pre- legislative scrutiny by a Joint Select Committee. Reacting to the Committee's report, the Government included three references to the public interest in the Bill presented to Parliament for debate. These limited and discrete references to the public interest were not accepted as satisfactory by the House of Lords and the marginalisation of the public interest fuelled a prolonged debate. Calls were made for the public interest to be included as a regulatory objective of the legislation. These calls were sustained by the Government's very public commitment to the consumer interest. The Government eventually conceded and a regulatory objective of 'protecting and promoting the public interest' was inserted into the legislation. This thesis examines the inclusion of the regulatory objective of 'protecting and promoting the public interest' in an attempt to discover whether, in the hands of regulators, it is capable of realising the legislative intention which underpinned its inclusion in the Legal Services Act 2007. It examines the term 'public interest' and how it is difficult both to define and to integrate it into decision making processes. Difficulties experienced by regulators are considered. A range of public interest theories are examined. It is argued that one public interest theory presents an opportunity to overcome some of the difficulties associated with understanding the public interest. It is suggested that this particular theory, coupled with a proposed methodology for its integration into policy and regulatory decision making processes, enables the regulatory objective of ‘protecting and promoting the public interest' to more systematically and realistically achieve the legislative intention which underpinned its insertion in the Legal Services Act 2007.
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Ahuja, Monika Sangeeta. "Public interest litigation in India : a socio-legal study." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1417/.
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Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India began in the late 1970s. For the first time the rights of prisoners, bonded labourers, other neglected peoples and issues were considered in the judicial forum. Using their inherent powers under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution, a few judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts made access to justice easier. Anyone acting in the public interest was permitted to file a petition on behalf of those unable to do so themselves, or for issues of grave public importance. Lawyers, social activists, concerned individuals and even judges approached the courts. Aside from locus standi, other procedural norms were relaxed, including the need to file a proper petition. Once admitted, attempts were made to resolve litigations using a conciliatory form of justice. Offending state authorities were encouraged to co-operate with the Court, which in turn took on the role of fact-finder, when appropriate, and appointed commissions of enquiry. Most of the reported and many unreported PIL cases, filed from its inception until April 1994, have been examined. Interviews with petitioners and lawyers have revealed much about PIL, and have resulted in the discussion of many unreported cases. Interviews of Supreme Court Judges, administrative officials in the courts and analysts of Indian law have enabled the study to extend to all aspects of the legal process as it relates to PIL. This new form of litigation in the courtroom thus provides a focal point for the study of the Indian legal system. The perception that inequities could be resolved through the legislative or administrative processes had given way to a belief that recourse to legal action was the only mechanism through which rights could be upheld. Thus, the initial agenda was to introduce the social justice considerations of poverty and inequality into the court, whilst making legal institutions more accessible. The hundreds of documented PIL cases reflect a huge range of issues and concerns. While many do fulfil the initial mandate, PIL has often been used as another available legal tool that facilitates access to the courts and increases the public profile of the petitioner. For many of those who have used PIL in an effort to counter serious violations of rights, the inherent limitations of legal action and the poor implementation of favourable Court orders have rendered PIL a meaningless exercise. For some, PIL has provided necessary short term redress or has focused attention on issues never before discussed in a national forum. Whatever the outcome, PIL has necessitated the recognition that every Indian citizen should have access to justice.
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Branston, J. Robert. "Corporate control and the public interest : theory and cases." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/174/.
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This thesis contains two lines of research. The first applies the strategic decision-making theory of the firm to the issue of corporate governance. We find that preferences vary over strategy but not all interests are currently being represented, resulting in a failure to govern in the public interest. As solutions, we consider membership of the company and also more immediate ways forward, focusing on regulation and democratically controlled public agencies, but stressing the fundamental significance of active, effective citizens. Throughout, our arguments are illustrated using utility companies as our primary examples. It includes discussion of electricity privatisation in Mexico and, to demonstrate that the theory is widely applicable, we also consider governance of corporate universities. The second line of research builds upon earlier analysis by considering aspects of British electricity privatisation. We consider the role of independent power producers, finding that they have not significantly increased competition as intended but have adversely affected the future viability of the system. The affect of privatisation on electricity prices is also considered via the use of a counterfactual model for continued state ownership. Observed prices are found to have been significantly higher than those that would have been charged had the industry remained in the public sector.
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Thomas, Kathryn J. (Kathryn Johnson). "Private land, public interest : small town meets big dairy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44347.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
This paper examines a grassroots effort undertaken by local residents of the communities of Nora and Warren in northwest Illinois in their attempt to prohibit the construction of a Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) in their county. In particular, it is an attempt to understand and document the process by which a sparsely-populated rural community organizes itself in an attempt to disallow this type of facility from being sited in their area. Like poor urban communities, poor rural communities have found themselves the recipients of the wastes that are unwanted by larger, wealthier, politically powerful communities. Unique to rural communities, however, are the environmental and social impacts which transpire as a result of agricultural industrialization and specifically the siting of CAFOs. The objective of this research is to: 1) identify various members of the community who are working to oppose or support the dairy, 2) determine in what way these individuals have responded to this proposal, 3) construct a narrative of their individual viewpoints and concerns pertaining to the dairy, 4) explore their motivation for supporting or opposing the facility, and 5) investigate the political underpinnings and the state and federal agricultural regulations which despite successful community organizing to oppose the dairy, disallow any meaningful political voice for these residents.
by Kathryn J. Thomas.
M.C.P.
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O'Callaghan, O. "Privacy and a free press : locating the public interest." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17858/.
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The term “the public interest” is oft-cited but seldom defined. It is in essence both an umbrella term and a short-hand for a concept (or concepts) that we know we need to understand but have difficulty explaining. However, given both the prevalence and the importance of the concept to the law in specific disputes, confronting its essential nature becomes imperative to resolving those clashes. One such instance comes in the form of the conflict of privacy and a free press. One of the foremost legal problems of our time, the clash of Article 8 and Article 10 rights does not lend itself to simple resolutions given the frequency of what might be described as ‘intractable’ or ‘zero-sum’ cases – where both rights cannot be simultaneously realised to the satisfaction of the parties involved. This thesis therefore seeks to understand where the elusive ‘public interest’ lies in such cases. To do so it firstly examines where the public interest is located in each of the respective rights, and then how those rights are to be balanced. This thesis contends that it is not enough simply to understand the nature of the two rights which are being balanced, but that it is crucial to understand how the act of balancing itself impacts upon the outcome. All of this cannot be divorced from the wider social and political context in which the contest between conflicting rights takes place. This thesis therefore systematically examines each of these pieces of the puzzle to garner an in depth understanding of them individually and how they react with each other. This is done in order to produce a set tools – definitions, understandings, and conclusions – which can be applied to factual situations in order to illuminate the location of the public interest in conflicts between privacy and a free press.
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Mgwebi, Nondwe. "Labour as a public interest consideration in merger regulation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77417.
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In the South Africa context for merger consideration the issue of labour has always been a pertinent focus and consequential to that the Competition Act, 89 of 1998 as amended (Competition Act) establishes a compulsory merger notification approach. It is therefore necessary to scrutinize the role that labour as a public interest concern has played and is likely to play subsequent to the Competition Act, Public Interest Guidelines and the Competition Amendment Act 18 of 2018 coming into operation.
This paper looks at the number of ground-breaking cases which have been umpired with intervention from several government departments and trade unions and places the focus on how labour issues are assessed in mergers. The cases are fundamental to the application of public interest considerations on proposed mergers and also to specifically determine the impact that labour as a public interest consideration has on what the Competition Act intends to achieve as indicated in its preamble and purpose.
The content and impact of the Guidelines on the assessment of public interest provisions in merger regulation under the Competition Act will be deliberated with reference to how the competition authorities deal with employment as a public interest consideration.
The issue of public interest consideration in mergers is a developing area of our competition law system and this study seeks to demonstrate the importance of labour as public interest consideration in merger regulation and how instrumental labour is to the promotion of competition policies.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Moyo, Minenhle. "Employment as a public interest consideration in merger regulation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65696.
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Berg, Julie. "Polycentric security governance : legitimacy, accountability, and the public interest." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15493.
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This thesis examines how power is constituted in hybrid polycentric systems of security governance. In particular, the thesis explores how legitimacy - as one form of power - is configured in Improvement Districts in South Africa, with a specific focus on three ways by which it is gained: through promoting public participation in decision-making; through transparent and accountable policing nodes; and through the delivery of effective security for the public good. Polycentric systems of security governance are usually composed of a number of policing or security nodes that are independent of each other, but take account of each other in relationships of co-operation or conflict and where no single node dominates all the rest. In other words, some or all of these nodes, may co-ordinate around specific security problems or events in a sustained manner. The functioning of polycentric security governance was explored in Improvement Districts in Cape Town and Johannesburg, as they are an exemplar of polycentricity in the way that they operate. Qualitative field research was employed using a nodal analytical framework and a collective case study approach. In-depth interviewing, participant and direct observation as well as documentary analysis were the primary research methods employed. The findings of the research reveal that polycentricity impacts on legitimacy in a number of ways. Legitimacy may originate from multiple sources and state and non-state policing nodes within polycentric security governance systems may undermine, enhance and/or co-produce democratic participation, accountability and security for the public interest. There are a number of factors or conditions that shape whether polycentric systems of governance are legitimate and how they derive this legitimacy. The main finding of the thesis is that for a polycentric system to be aligned to the public interest, it needs to be motivated by public, peer and political expectations, amongst other things. The findings of the thesis both challenge the normative tendency to associate democratic legitimacy with the state and contribute to the pressing question of how to theoretically account for the empirical reality of polycentric security governance systems.
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Margetts, Dee. "Competition policy, State Agreements Acts and the public interest." Thesis, Margetts, Dee (2001) Competition policy, State Agreements Acts and the public interest. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51210/.
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This thesis will examine the relationship between National Competition Policy in Australia, the State Agreement Acts that are the centerpieces of resources development policy in Western Australia, and the public interest.
The specific issues covered in this thesis are that:
•National Competition Policy has had problems in its scope and implementation, and that these may be demonstrated by an assessment of Western Australia’s State Agreements in relation to National Competition Policy;
•On the basis of three case studies examined in this thesis, the State Agreement Acts in Western Australia would fail to meet the public interest tests set by National Competition Policy;
•The review of the State Agreement Acts required under National Competition Policy was inadequate.
Chapter 1 provides the rational and scope of the study. Chapter 2 sets out Competition Policy, its historical and theoretical basis, the link between trade policies and Competition Policy, some international perspectives of Competition Policy and the specific way National Competition Policy (NCP) evolved in Australia. Chapter 3 examines the structure and features of NCP. Chapter 4 outlines State Agreement Acts, what they are, their history and their significance in considering NCP. The common features of State Agreement Acts and major revenue and accountability issues associated with State Agreement Acts will be identified. Chapter 5 assesses the relationship between NCP and State Agreement Acts. In particular, it sets out at the NCP legislative review process and the anti-competitive issues and potential problems of competitive neutrality within State Agreement Acts. It also considers the concept of the public interest in relation to State Agreement Acts. Chapter 6 considers the case for reform of State Agreement Acts within the wider context of industry assistance at Commonwealth and State levels. Chapters 7,8 and 9 present three case studies of specific Development Agreements: the Wood Chipping Industry Agreement; the Iron and Steel (Mid West) Agreement; and the Silicon (Kemerton) Agreement, in terms of their relationship to the principles and policies of NCP. Finally, Chapter 10 presents the summary and conclusions.
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Artuso, Giulia <1991>. "" Il principio del public interest e l'informazione economico finanziaria"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9335.
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England, Jessica. "Term limits and interest group influence /." Read thesis online, 2009. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/EnglandJ2009.pdf.
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Nginase, Xolisa Human. "The meaning of public purpose and public interest in Section 25 of the Constitution." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2289.
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Thesis (LLM (Mercantile Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis discusses the meaning of public purpose and public interest in s 25 of the Final Constitution. The main question that is asked is: how does ‘public purpose’ differ from ‘public interest’, and what impact did the Final Constitution have on the interpretation and application of the public purpose requirement in expropriation law in South Africa? This question is investigated by looking at how the courts have dealt with the public purpose requirement, both before and during the first years of the constitutional era in South African law, and also with reference to foreign law. The thesis shows that the position has not changed that much yet because the interpretation of this requirement has not received much attention in constitutional case law. The main focus is to show that the reason for the interpretation problems surrounding this requirement is the apparent conflict between the formulation of the public purpose requirement in the Final Constitution and in the current Expropriation Act of 1975. It is pointed out that the efforts that were made to resolve the problem failed because the Expropriation Bill 2008 was withdrawn. Consequently, it is still unclear how the public purpose requirement has been changed by s 25(2) of the Constitution, which authorises expropriation for a public purpose or in the public interest. This apparent lack of clarity is discussed and analysed with specific reference to the different types of third party transfers that are possible in expropriation law. Comparative case law from Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the European Convention on Human Rights is considered to show how other jurisdictions deal with the public purpose requirement in their own constitutions or expropriation legislation, with particular emphasis on how they solve problems surrounding third party transfers. In the final chapter it is proposed that the Expropriation Bill should be reintroduced to bring the formulation of the public purpose requirement in the Act in line with s 25(2) and that expropriation for transfer to third parties could be in order if it serves a legitimate public purpose or the public interest (e g because the third party provides a public utility or for land reform), but that expropriation for economic development should be reviewed strictly to ensure that it serves a more direct and clear public interest than just stimulating the economy or creating jobs.
AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bespreek die betekenis van openbare doel en openbare belang in a 25 van die Finale Grondwet. Die belangrikste vraag is: hoe verskil ‘openbare doel’ van ‘openbare belang’, en watter impak het die Finale Grondwet op die interpretasie en toepassing van die openbare doel-vereiste in die Suid-Afrikaanse onteieningsreg gehad? Die vraag word ondersoek met verwysing na die howe se hantering van die openbare doel-vereiste voor en gedurende die eerste jare van die nuwe grondwetlike bedeling, asook met verwysing na buitelandse reg. Die tesis toon aan dat die posisie nog min verander het omdat die interpretasie van die vereiste in die grondwetlike regspraak nog nie veel aandag gekry het nie. Daar word aangetoon dat interpretasieprobleme rondom hierdie vereiste ontstaan as gevolg van die oënskynlike teenstrydigheid tussen die formulering van die openbare doel-vereiste in die Finale Grondwet en in die huidige Onteieningswet van 1975. Daar word geargumenteer dat pogings om die probleem op te los gefaal het omdat die Onteieningswetsontwerp 2008 teruggetrek is. Dit is daarom steeds onduidelik hoe die openbare doel-vereiste deur a 25(2) van die Grondwet, wat onteiening vir ‘n openbare doel of in die openbare belang toelaat, verander is. Hierdie oënskynlike gebrek aan sekerheid word bespreek met verwysing na die verskillende gevalle waarin eiendom onteien en dan aan derde partye oorgedra word. Regsvergelykende regspraak van Australië, Duitsland, die Verenigde Koninkryk, die Verenigde State van Amerika en die Europese Konvensie op Mensregte word oorweeg om te wys hoe ander regstelsels die openbare doel-vereiste in hulle grondwette of onteieningswetgewing interpreteer, spesifiek ten aansien van die oordrag van eiendom aan derde partye. In die laaste hoofstuk word aan die hand gedoen dat die Onteieningswetsontwerp weer ter tafel geneem moet word om die bewoording van die openbare doel-vereiste in die Onteieningswet in ooreenstemming met a 25(2) te bring. Daar word ook aan die hand gedoen dat onteiening vir oordrag aan derde partye in orde kan wees as dit ‘n geldige openbare doel of die openbare belang dien (bv omdat die derde party ‘n openbare diens lewer of in belang van grondhervorming), maar dat onteiening vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling streng hersien moet word om te verseker dat dit ‘n meer direkte en duidelike openbare belang dien as bloot om die ekonomie te stimuleer of om werk te skep.
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Banišauskaitė, Aušra. "Viešojo intereso veiksnys administracinėje teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140603_110134-49962.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe siekiama atskleisti su viešojo intereso gynimu susijusias problemas Lietuvos administracinės teisės kontekste. Aptariami tokie probleminiai aspektai, kaip viešojo intereso sąvoka, viešojo intereso struktūriniai požymiai, administracinių teismų praktika teisės subjektams ginanant viešąjį interesą teisme.
Pirmojoje darbo dalyje aptariama viešojo intereso samprata, viešojo intereso ir teisės santykis. Pristatomos įvairių teisės specialistų nuomonės dėl viešojo intereso sąvokos, privataus ir viešo intereso atskyrimo.
Antrojoje, apžvelgiame viešojo intereso struktūrinius požymius (objektą, subjektą, bei agentus, galinčius ginti viešąjį interesą). Šioje darbo dalyje taip pat pristatoma Lietuvos Konstitucinio Teismo ir Lietuvos vyriausiojo administracinio teismo praktika, iš kurios galima matyti, kokie objektai pripažįstami, kaip gintini, saugotini remiantis viešojo intereso svarba. Išskiriami bei analizuojami viešojo intereso subjektai, aptariami viešojo intereso agentai. Trečioje magistro baigiamojo darbo dalyje pristatomi atlikto Lietuvos vyriausiojo administracinio teismo praktikos tyrimo rezultatai, kuriais remiantis analizuojama fizinių asmenų, nevyriausybinių organizacijų, taip pat prokuroro bei valstybinių institucijų veikla ginant viešąjį interesą Lietuvos vyriausiame administraciniame teisme. Atsižvelgiant į tai, pateikiamas teisinis šios veiklos vertinimas, remiantis mokslininkų įžvalgomis, Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktiką bei oficialių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]SUMMARY The factor of the public interest in administrative law The main concepts: interest, private interest, public interest, administrative law. The main purpose of this master degree thesis is to reveal the problems which are related with the defense of the public interest in the context of Lithuanian administrative law. In this work problematic aspects such as concept of the public interest, the structural signs of the public interest and jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are discussed. In the first part of this work the concept of public interest and relationship between interest and law are analyzed. Also variety of opinions of legal experts about the concept of public interest and the posibility of private and public interest separation are presented. In the second part of master degree thesis the structure of public interest (object, subject and agencies) is introduced. In this part of work jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are introduced, which aims to identify the object of the public interest. Also subject and the agents of the public interest are distinguished and analyzed. In the third part of master degree thesis the results of the case study of jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are presented. Based on the results of the case study the activity of individuals, non-governmental organizations, prosecutors and public... [to full text]
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Flaherty, Michael Thomas. "The transportation provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act : triumph of public interest or interest group politics?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66345.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1992.Title as it appears in the June, 1992 MIT Graduate List: The transportation requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-101).
by Michael Flaherty.
M.C.P.
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Donoghue, E. D. "Self-regulation and the public interest : A question of confidence." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517277.
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Bavasso, Antonio. "Communications in EU law : antitrust, market power and public interest." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249286.
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Reader, David. "Revisiting the role of the public interest in merger control." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/68329/.
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In the light of advances in economic theory and harmonisation initiatives, most jurisdictions now adopt a competition effects-based approach to merger control assessments. Given the emphasis that these assessments now afford to competition criteria, it might be said that the influence of wider ‘public interest’ considerations has become increasingly marginalised. Nevertheless, despite this marginalisation, most domestic merger regimes continue to reserve a role for public interest criteria, albeit a very restricted one in most cases. This has fuelled an on-going debate regarding the wisdom and legitimacy of considering public interest criteria in the merger assessment process. One argument, often cited by competition purists, is that pursuing a strict adherence to competition principles will deliver optimal long-term benefits for both consumers and the public at large. The main counter-argument has centred on the perceived inability of competition to respond to short-term public interest concerns which, if left unaddressed, may have lasting implications on fundamental interests such as employment, public health and democracy. Important questions therefore transpire: Is merger control an appropriate realm in which to address public interest concerns, or can these be dealt with more effectively via alternative policy means? If it is appropriate, how should public interest criteria be framed within the merger control legislation, and who should be tasked with applying this criteria? This thesis adopts legal and empirical research methods to scrutinise the role that states have afforded to the public interest in modern-day merger control. By drawing insights from merger regimes across the world, the thesis proposes a framework for accommodating public interest criteria effectively within merger control.
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Vassilopoulos, Ioannis. "Public interest in environmental issues and the requirement of standing." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU099661.
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Changes in moral benefits and socio-economic conditions point to the extension of standing to permit the judicial representation of the public interest in the environment. The suggestion that the enforcement of environmental law benefits from wide public participation in judicial proceedings sets the framework of research into standing for concerned citizens and environmental associations. English law gives an example of how private law procedures cannot incorporate the public interest in the environment. In public law, however, well-acclaimed environmental associations have standing to litigate environmental issues. United States law shifts from the 'environmentalism' of Congress legislation that gives any citizen standing to sue to the restrictive 'constitutionalism' of the Supreme Court, expressed mainly by the separation of powers doctrine. Under the judicial protection afforded by German law to individual rights, environmental associations are only exceptionally permitted as plantiffs, in ten out of sixteen Lander. In Greek law, the circle of potential plantiffs is wide due to the interpretation of the Constitution by the Courts to derive a right to the environment and accept environmental protection as a public interest. The European Court of Justice, because of the relevant Treaty of Rome provisions and the mainly economic nature of the European Community, defines standing by the individuality criterion, thus limiting it considerably. The common minimum features of these five legal systems result to observations as to the definition of standing, the variables of standing extent, the objections for its expansion and the role of judicial activism in the formulation of standing requirements.
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Sanders, Tyrone. "American local radio journalism : a public interest channel in crisis /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7507.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. "The study documents the news operations of four different types of ownership structures within a single radio market, Salt Lake City, Utah"--P. v. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-229). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Sanders, Tyrone 1951. "American local radio journalism: A public interest channel in crisis." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7507.
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xiii, 229 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available from the UO Libraries, under the call number: KNIGHT PN4888.R33 S26 2008This study looks at the status of local radio news in the United States in light of changes in policy, economics, production and distribution technology and the dynamic media environment. It examines how differences in ownership relate to the amount of news programming offered on local stations, how those stations are staffed and the working conditions for today's radio journalists. Two areas of communication theory provide the basis for the study, Political Economy of Communication and Localism. Both offer excellent perspectives for studying the radio broadcasting industry and the people who work in it. Political economy allows the study to look closely at the impact of ownership in our capitalist society, how government regulates ownership and programming, how those factors affect the working conditions for journalists and how they ultimately impact the public interest. Political economy is a holistic approach that also calls upon us to consider a moral philosophy and make recommendations for the good of society. Localism is a long-held policy objective of the Federal Communications Commission that has been a part of the regulatory process relating to ownership and programming of news and public affairs throughout the existence of radio in the United States. Using a triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative methods, the study documents the news operations of four different types of ownership structures within a single radio market, Salt Lake City, Utah. The primary quantitative method used content analysis to examine a sample of 255 hours of radio programming across the ownership groups. Qualitative methods of in-depth interviews and observation were used to examine how the stations were staffed, the working conditions for local journalists and how the news programming is produced. The study found the overall amount of local radio news programming to be low, with locally owned stations generally producing more news then those with large, outside corporate ownership. It also found working conditions to vary greatly among ownership groups. Local owners tended to be much more supportive of local journalists and provide better conditions for the production and programming of local radio news.
Adviser: Alan G. Stavitsky
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Hooper, Virginia Harding. "Understanding Utah's Native Plant Market: Coordinating Public and Private Interest." DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3683.
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Changes in Lone Peak Conservation Nursery customer profiles cause state nursery leaders to question what their products are being used for and how trends in native plant use are changing the market for Utah native plants. The Utah native plant market is changing as interest in native plants is expanding to meet new conservation objectives, oftentimes in urban settings. This newer demand for native plants appears to be motivated by current changes in urban conservation behavior, continued population growth in the arid West, scarcity of water resources, the increasing appreciation for indigenous plant aesthetics, and concern for bio-diversity. A survey of2001 American Society of Landscape Architecture (ASLA) Utah Chapter members sponsored by Lone Peak Conservation Nursery, a state-mandated nursery for the supply of conservation plants to Utah, conveys landscape professionals' philosophical base for native plant choice, experience of native plant use, information needs, desired products and services, and general perception of native plant market and demand in Utah. Landscape architects at the forefront of these trends and the profession have the opportunity to be even more actively engaged in integrating native plant use across the wild land to urban landscape spectrum while collaborating with other industry leaders.
Authors report on the significant findings from the Lone Peak ConservationNursery Native Plant Study to explain the complexity of native plant supply and demand in changing Utah markets. Increase in urban water conservation and aesthetic use of native plants and seeming instability in traditional restoration markets force local growers to face challenging decisions about plant production and business strategies. Business-driven decisions of suppliers may affect the availability of source-identified native plant products, and raises the question, "How native is native?" Current dilemmas in the Utah native plant market are identified as market pressures tend to generalize an ecologically specialized natural resource product. Continued research and industry collaboration is needed to better connect supply and demand to better balance the needs of private and public sector market actors sharing native plant resources.
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Strouss, William. "Neo-liberalism and the Public Interest| The Case for Social Democracy." Thesis, Franklin Pierce University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3730765.
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Beginning with the notion that the dominant economic ideology in society is in a position to direct and serve the public interest, it is reasonable to ask if the public interest is well served by that ideology. That is the objective of this dissertation. In contemporary America, the dominant economic ideology is neo-liberalism, an evolutionary form of capitalism with its foundation in market fundamentalism, and characterized by an acute focus on profit and material acquisition and minimal involvement of government in the economy. The prefix neo derives from the ostensible return of liberalism to those free market values after a detour in the mid-20th century when it appeared that state intervention in the economy would result in redistributionist social welfare policies.
This dissertation examines the research questions: Does neo-liberalism serve the public interest? If not, what alternatives to neo-liberalism exist that better serve the common good? Answering these questions requires the subject to be parsed into a number of additional questions, each of which is explored in an independent essay. The essays discuss the nature of the public interest and role of self-interest in forming neo-liberal values. In addition, the essays examine the institutional responses to neo-liberalism through business as manifested by the corporate social responsibility movement and through government as manifested by welfare capitalism and, in particular, social democracy.
The conclusion drawn is that neo-liberalism is not conducive to the public interest and that social democracy offers a structure for a more economically efficient and morally just society. Policy prescriptions and arguments favoring social democracy are offered.
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Sneddon, Nicola M. "Interest groups and policy-making the welfare state, 1942-1964 /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/922/.
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Ponza, Pattareeya, and pattareeya pon@biotec or th. "Molecular markers of ecotoxicological interest in the rainbowfish Melanotaenia fluviatilis." RMIT University. Applied Science, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080102.121231.
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The Crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) from the Murray-Darling basin of Australia is a common indicator species in Australian ecotoxicology. Biochemical changes have been investigated in this species, but not molecular markers of ecotoxicological interest. In this study genes of M. fluviatilis were isolated using a cDNA library and sequences analysed. Of 345 randomly selected clones, 94 shared similarity with 26 different genes in other organisms in public databases. Amongst these, reproductive genes coding for vitellogenin, retinol binding protein, sialyltransferase and zona pellucida protein were considered of interest in ecotoxicology. The vitellogenin gene was selected for study as it has been widely used as a molecular marker of exposure to 17â-estradiol (E2) in teleosts. Gene expression was examined via northern blot, RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR relative to the housekeeping gene (18S rRNA). The expression of vitellogenin mRNA was observed a t 12 hours post-exposure, peaked at 48 hours according to northern blot analysis; and cleared within 4 days, partly consistent with RT-PCR. However, Real-time PCR yielded an inconclusive result, probably due to differences between pooled and individual samples. Vitellogenin in blood plasma was confirmed by western blot, found to be significantly increased and retained in the plasma in fish treated with E2 compared to controls. It was concluded that vitellogenin mRNA is a molecular marker of exposure to 17â-estradiol in the rainbowfish, and could potentially be used as a marker of exposure to environmental estrogenic chemicals. Further investigations of the expression of genes in the cDNA library, could establish other molecular markers of ecotoxicological interest in M. fluviatilis.
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Lin, Chi-Mei. "Planning and the public interest : an investigation into the continuing relevance and meaning of the public interest in British planning in the 1970s and the 1980s." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312579.
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Bonanno, Lucas Pondaco. "Os bastidores do jornalismo científico: critérios de noticiabilidade que determinam a circulação da informação à sociedade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-02062015-101519/.
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O acesso ao conhecimento científico contribui para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e cultural da sociedade, sendo o jornalismo uma das formas usuais e imprescindíveis na divulgação desse conhecimento. Diante desta percepção, buscou-se, nesta pesquisa, identificar os parâmetros utilizados por diferentes veículos de comunicação de massa durante o processo de seleção das informações sobre ciências que serão ou não divulgadas à população. Foram entrevistados repórteres e editores que produzem notícias sobre ciências nos jornais Folha de S.Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo e nas revistas Superinteressante e Pesquisa FAPESP. Com base nos estudos sobre noticiabilidade do italiano Mauro Wolf (1999) e da brasileira Gislene Silva (2014), observou-se que a seleção das informações sobre ciências nesses veículos sofre várias influências. Podem interferir nesse processo de escolha a percepção pessoal dos jornalistas sobre o que é ou não é notícia e suas contingências (como divulgar um assunto antes da concorrência, o impacto e a polêmica da informação a ser noticiada, os interesses das fontes, dos proprietários dos veículos de comunicação e dos anunciantes, entre outros). Em tempos de internet e tecnologia digital, o jornalismo científico parece ganhar força nos meios eletrônicos, mas tem como desafio conquistar espaço nos veículos impressos, sobretudo nos jornais, e cumprir aquele que é seu principal objetivo: divulgar o que for de interesse público.The access to scientific knowledge contributes to the socioeconomic and cultural development of society, and the journalism is one of the usual and indispensable forms to disseminate this knowledge. From this perception, this study to identify the parameters used by different mass medias during the process of choosing which information about science will be or will not be disclosed to the public. Reporters and editors who produce news about science for the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo and for the magazines Superinteressante and Pesquisa FAPESP were interviewed. Based on studies of newsworthiness of the Italian Mauro Wolf (1999) and the Brazilian Gislene Silva (2014), it was observed that the selection of information sciences in this medias undergoes various influences. Can interfere with this process of choice the personal perception of the journalists about what is news or what is not news and its contingencies (such as to post a news before the competitor, the impact and the controversy of the information to be reported and the interests of the sources, owners of the media and advertisers, and other factors). In times of internet and digital technology, the science journalism seems to gain strength in the electronic media, but its challenges are getting space in the print media, especially in the newspapers, and fulfill that which is its main goal: reporting what is in the public interest.
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Hendriks, Carolyn Maree, and C. M. Hendriks@uva nl. "Public Deliberation and Interest Organisations: a Study of Responses to Lay Citizen Engagement in Public Policy." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050921.103047.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis empirically examines how lobby groups and activists respond to innovative forms of public participation. The study centres on processes that foster a particular kind
of deliberative governance including citizens’ juries, consensus conferences and planning cells. These deliberative designs bring together a panel of randomly selected lay citizens
to deliberate on a specific policy issue for a few days, with the aim of providing decision makers with a set of recommendations. While policy makers worldwide are attracted to these novel participatory processes, little consideration has been given to how well they work alongside more adversarial and interest-based politics. This doctoral research project examines this interface by studying what these processes mean to different kinds of policy actors such as corporations, advocacy groups, government agencies, experts
and professionals. These entities are collectively referred to in this thesis as ‘interest organisations’ because in some way they are seeking a specific policy outcome from the
state – even government-based groups.¶
The empirical research in this thesis is based on comparative case studies of four deliberative design projects in Australia and Germany. The Australian cases include a citizens’ jury on waste management legislation and a consensus conference on gene
technology in the food chain. The German case studies include a planning cells project on consumer protection in Bavaria, and a national consensus conference on genetic diagnostics. Together the cases capture a diversity of complex and contested policy
issues facing post-industrialised societies. In each case study, I examine how relevant interest organisations responded to the deliberative forum, and then interpret these responses in view of the context and features of the case.¶
The picture emerging from the in-depth case studies is that interest organisations respond to deliberative designs in a variety of ways. Some choose to participate actively,
others passively decline, and a few resort to strategic tactics to undermine citizens’ deliberations. The empirical research reveals that though responses are variable, most
interest organisations are challenged by several features of the deliberative design model including: 1) that deliberators are citizens with no knowledge or association with the
issue; 2) that experts and interest representatives are required to present their arguments before a citizens’ panel; and 3) that policy discussions occur under deliberative conditions which can expose the illegitimate use of power.¶
Despite these challenges, the paradox is that many interest organisations do decide to engage in lay citizen deliberations. The empirical research indicates that groups and experts value deliberative designs if they present an opportunity for public relations, customer feedback, or advocacy. Moreover, the research finds that when policy actors
intensively engage with ‘ordinary’ citizens, their technocratic and elite ideas about public participation can shift in a more inclusive and deliberative direction.¶
The thesis finds that, on the whole, weaker interest organisations are more willing to engage with lay citizens than stronger organisations because they welcome the chance to influence public debate and decision makers. It appears that powerful groups will only
engage in a deliberative forum under certain policy conditions, for example, when the dominant policy paradigm is unstable and contested, when public discussion on the issue is emerging, when policy networks are interdependent and heterogeneous, and when the broader social and political system supports public accountability, consensus and
deliberation. Given that these kinds of policy conditions do not always exist, I conclude that tensions between interest organisations and deliberative governance will be common. In order to create more cooperative and productive interfaces, I recommend
that interest organisations be better supported and integrated into citizens’ deliberations, and that steps be taken to safeguard forums from strategic attempts to undermine their
legitimacy.¶
The thesis also sends out three key messages to democratic theorists. First, the empirical research shows that different kinds of groups and actors in civil society vary in their
willingness and capacity to participate to public deliberation. Second, the deliberative design model demonstrates that partisan actors, such as interest organisations, will engage in public deliberation when they can participate as strategic deliberators. In this role
partisans are not expected to relinquish their agendas, but present them as testimonies before a group of deliberators. Third, the empirical research in this thesis should bring
home to theorists that deliberative forums are closely linked to the discursive context within which they operate.
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Hendriks, Carolyn Maree. "Public deliberation and interest organisations : a study of responses to lay citizen engagement in public policy /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20050921.103047/index.html.
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Hendriks, Carolyn. "Public deliberation and interest organisations : a study of responses to lay citizen engagement in public policy." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10868.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis empirically examines how lobby groups and activists respond to innovative forms of public participation. The study centres on processes that foster a particular kind of deliberative governance including citizens' juries, consensus conferences and planning cells. These deliberative designs bring together a panel of randomly selected lay citizens to deliberate on a specific policy issue for a few days, with the aim of providing decision makers with a set of recommendations. While policy makers worldwide are attracted to these novel participatory processes, little consideration has been given to how well they work alongside more adversarial and interest-based politics. This doctoral research project examines this interface by studying what these processes mean to difference kinds of policy actors such as corporations, advocacy groups, government agencies, experts and professionals. These entities are collectively referred to in this thesis as 'interest organisations' because in some way they are seeking a specific policy outcome from the state - even government-based groups.
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Bonfiglio, Robert A. "The history of public relations in American higher education in the twentieth century : from self-interest to national interest /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10937778.
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Demmel, Roland. "Fiscal policy, public debt and the term structure of interest rates /." Berlin : Springer, 1999. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=354066243X.
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Whiting, Martin. "The veterinary profession, social closure and public interest in the UK." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701679.
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