Journal articles: 'Public health Saudi Arabia'

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Abed, Lowai G. "COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: A Study of the Understanding, Attitudes and Behaviors of Social Media Users." International Journal on Social and Education Sciences 3, no. 4 (October 10, 2021): 768–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.273.

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The dissemination of information via social media is important, particularly during a public health emergency. However, while it is undoubtedly useful in the targeting of genuine health communications, social media may also be used to spread health-related misinformation at times of disease outbreak or pandemic. The study presented here researches the spread of COVID-19 misinformation in Saudi Arabia, by exploring the relevant understanding, attitudes, and behaviors of Saudi Arabian citizens. The current study comprises a survey of 318 adults in Saudi Arabia, of all age groups and educational backgrounds, and from all Saudi Arabian provinces. This study highlights the significance of COVID-19 misinformation and concludes that, despite risks to public health and wellbeing, Saudi Arabian citizens do not consider COVID-19 misinformation to be a significant problem. Participants in this study were relatively aware of such misinformation and its dangers, but it did not greatly concern them, and generally they declined to tackle it proactively.

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Jradi, Hoda, Amal Zaidan, and Ali M. Al Shehri. "Public health nursing education in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Infection and Public Health 6, no. 2 (April 2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2012.11.002.

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Alaqeel, Aqeel, Muna Almijmaj, Abdulaziz Almushaigeh, Yasser Aldakheel, Raghad Almesned, and Husam Al Ahmadi. "High Rate of Depression among Saudi Children with Type 1 Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 11714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111714.

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Saudi Arabia ranks among the top ten in type 1 diabetes (T1D) prevalence. The psychological burden, including depression, among T1D children, affects short-term and long-term outcomes. In Saudi Arabia, studies on depression among T1D children are limited. We determined the prevalence of depression among T1D children and adolescents in the Saudi Arabia-Qassim region and investigated risk factors for depressive symptoms. This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among T1D children and adolescents in the outpatient clinic of Maternity and Children Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, between October 2020 and April 2021. Using a validated questionnaire translated into Arabic, we interviewed patients during clinic appointment. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, and Clinical Depression Inventory scale were used to measure depression. There were 148 T1D respondents (children: 58.1%; adolescents: 41.9%). More than half were females (53.4%), with most Saudis (94.6%). Depression prevalence among children and adolescents was 27%. Mild, moderate, and severe depression occurred in 80%, 12.5%, and 7.5% of depressed patients, respectively. Factors significant for depression were female sex (p = 0.014), uncontrolled HbA1c level (p = 0.037), and longer diabetes duration (p = 0.013). Depression among children and adolescents was more prevalent in this study than in previous reports. Early detection of depression will improve diabetes control and quality of life.

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Alwakid, Wafa, Sebastian Aparicio, and David Urbano. "The Influence of Green Entrepreneurship on Sustainable Development in Saudi Arabia: The Role of Formal Institutions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105433.

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This study explores the influence of green entrepreneurial activity on sustainable development, using institutional economics as a theoretical framework. Also, the role of entrepreneurship policy is analysed in the context of Saudi Arabia. Using information from the General Authority for Statistics from 13 Saudi Arabian cities, the main findings show that green entrepreneurship positively contributes to the economic, social, and environmental components of sustainable development during the period 2012–2017. These results demonstrate a measurable indication of sustainable development outcomes, whereby Saudi Arabian institutions align entrepreneurial activities with a positive triple bottom line effect. Accordingly, these findings contribute new evidence to justify government commitment to supporting green entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia and encourage future domestic policies.

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Rawash, Ahmed, and Mohamed Abdelrahman. "Digital Transformation of the Health Sector During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey 13, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcses.2022.13401.

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Background: In March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia was confirmed. In reaction to the outbreak, Saudi Arabia ordered the closure of the majority of governmental and private services. Technology and digital solutions have made it possible to provide essential services after the implementation of these severe protection requirements. Objective: This study aims to show how Saudi Arabia used digital technology during the COVID-19 epidemic in the fields of public health and health care services, and shedding insight on the efficacy of digital transformation in Saudi Arabia for preventing the spread of Covid-19. Methods: Using public announcements, press briefings and releases, news clips, published statistics, peerreviewed literature, and professional debates, we documented Saudi Arabia's usage of digital technologies throughout the epidemic. Results: The government and business sectors of Saudi Arabia jointly created and released around 19 applications and platforms that support public health duties and offer health care. Detailed descriptions of each are given. Companies in the telecommunications industry collaborated well and took steps to assist continuing efforts. Using social media, websites, and SMS text messages, risk communication initiatives adhered to best practice guidelines. Conclusions: An important step toward digital transformation has been taken by Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 framework. This shift was made possible by COVID-19. For future epidemics in Saudi Arabia, artificial intelligence might be used to integrate data from several sources. Reducing the number of applications and combining their operations may also boost and make it easier for people to utilize them.

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Sebai, Zohair A. "Malaria in Saudi Arabia." Tropical Doctor 18, no. 4 (October 1988): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558801800415.

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In the 1940s Anopheles mosquitoes were abundant about the wells and marshy areas in Saudi Arabia. Nearly 100% of the population in many villages and oases had suffered from malaria at one time or another. However, the progress made in the malaria program in Saudi Arabia from the time of its inception in 1948 is possibly one of the most significant achievements in public health in the Kingdom over the last 40 years. The challenge which the country now faces is to control malaria in the Southern Province and in the residual foci in the Western Province, while maintaining the rest of the country malaria free.

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Ibrahim, Mohammad A., and Mohammad NS Kordy. "End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Saudi Arabia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 6, no. 3 (July 1992): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959200600304.

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Information was collected on patients with End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance dialysis in all of the dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. Similar information was also collected from the Saudi Arabian government-sponsored patients with ESRD in the United States between December 1985 to March 1986. As of March 31, 1986, 806 Saudi patients were on maintenance hemodialysis and 16 on peritoneal dialysis in hospital-based dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rate of ESRD was 139/million at the completion of the study. The rates increased with age and were similar when compared on a regional basis, but were higher in the rural areas for both sexes in all regions except the Southern Region. Here, the prevalence rates for the female urban residents were higher than for female rural residents. Although primary health care services are available in rural areas, a delay was noted in seeking medical care. This was attributed to the possible lack of health education, knowledge of the disease and information on the availability of the health services. Upon completion of this study, it was concluded that a need exists for further research in all aspects to delineate the role of the various factors that affect ESRD in Saudi Arabia, with the universal goal of preventing development of the disease in the population.

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Khoja, Tawfik A., and Lubna A. Al-Ansary. "Asthma in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 4, no. 3 (May 1998): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199805000-00008.

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Mahmoud, Mahmoud Abdulrahman, Abdulmohsen H. Al-Zalabani, and Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman. "Public health education in Saudi Arabia: Needs and challenges." Medical Teacher 38, sup1 (March 17, 2016): S5—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2016.1142514.

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Almazroi, Abdulwahab Ali, Fathey Mohammed, Nabil Hasan Al-Kumaim, and Md Rakibul Hoque. "An empirical study of factors influencing e-health services adoption among public in Saudi Arabia." Health Informatics Journal 28, no. 2 (January 2022): 146045822211023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221102316.

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Until now most of the studies concerning eHealth in Saudi Arabia are about the exploration of the national benefits from eHealth and the technical and infrastructural challenges in implementing eHealth rather than finding the factors influencing the users in adopting eHealth services. Further, the eHealth adoption rate in Saudi Arabia is low despite the scope of potential growth for the eHealth market. In this study, the authors added Trust, Privacy and System Quality factors to Technology Acceptance Model by considering the research context to examine the factors influencing eHealth services adoption. The proposed model was empirically tested based on the data collected, through survey questionnaire from 314 responses in Saudi Arabia. Structural Equation Modelling was followed to analysis and validates the proposed model based on partial least squares method using SmartPLS. Based on the findings, Perceived Usefulness in addition to Privacy significantly affect eHealth adoption. Moreover, Perceived Ease of Use factor has indirect effect on people perception toward eHealth services. Furthermore, the results show that System Quality and Trust are not influencing factors. This study is important for the healthcare policymakers for getting direction for future studies to avail the maximum benefits of eHealth in Saudi Arabia.

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Alotaibi, Bashair S., Maryam A. Althobaiti, Amal Y. Hazazi, Sarah Y. Hazazi, Rawan A. Nassir, Mahmoud S. Alhaddad, and Sayed F. Abdelwahab. "Exploration of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Residents of Saudi Arabia Toward Hepatitis Viruses." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211059965.

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Background and aim: Data available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) about public knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward viral hepatitis infection are scarce. Such information is essential for designing effective intervention strategies for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among residents of KSA toward hepatitis viruses. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 549 participants in Saudi Arabia. An electronic questionnaire (in Arabic) was used to measure the KAP of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 at significance level of .05. Results: Most of the 549 participants were Saudi citizens (96%; n = 527) and 26.6% (n = 146) of them were males and mostly from the western Saudi Arabia (72.9%; n = 400). Most participants did not hear about hepatitis viruses and showed low level of knowledge on viral hepatitis (42%). On the other hand, a positive attitude was apparent from participants’ responses, and their practices were toward protecting their bodies from the infection. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about viral hepatitis was low (42%) among KSA residents, and the practice and attitude of the participants were toward avoiding the infection. Awareness campaigns are required to increase the public knowledge about viral hepatitis.

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Al-Tayib, Omar. "An Overview of the Most Significant Zoonotic Viral Pathogens Transmitted from Animal to Human in Saudi Arabia." Pathogens 8, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010025.

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Currently, there has been an increasing socioeconomic impact of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animals to humans worldwide. Recently, in the Arabian Peninsula, including in Saudi Arabia, epidemiological data indicated an actual increase in the number of emerging and/or reemerging cases of several viral zoonotic diseases. Data presented in this review are very relevant because Saudi Arabia is considered the largest country in the Peninsula. We believe that zoonotic pathogens in Saudi Arabia remain an important public health problem; however, more than 10 million Muslim pilgrims from around 184 Islamic countries arrive yearly at Makkah for the Hajj season and/or for the Umrah. Therefore, for health reasons, several countries recommend vaccinations for various zoonotic diseases among preventive protocols that should be complied with before traveling to Saudi Arabia. However, there is a shortage of epidemiological data focusing on the emerging and reemerging of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animal to humans in different densely populated cities and/or localities in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, further efforts might be needed to control the increasing impacts of zoonotic viral disease. Also, there is a need for a high collaboration to enhance the detection and determination of the prevalence, diagnosis, control, and prevention as well as intervention and reduction in outbreaks of these diseases in Saudi Arabia, particularly those from other countries. Persons in the health field including physicians and veterinarians, pet owners, pet store owners, exporters, border guards, and people involved in businesses related to animal products have adopted various preventive strategies. Some of these measures might pave the way to highly successful prevention and control results on the different transmission routes of these viral zoonotic diseases from or to Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the prevention of these viral pathogens depends on socioeconomic impacts, available data, improved diagnosis, and highly effective therapeutics or prophylaxis.

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Hassounah, Marwah, Hafsa Raheel, and Mohammed Alhefzi. "Digital Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): e19338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19338.

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Background The first case of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia was confirmed on March 3, 2020. Saudi Arabia, like many other countries worldwide, implemented lockdown of most public and private services in response to the pandemic and established population movement restrictions nationwide. With the implementation of these strict mitigation regulations, technology and digital solutions have enabled the provision of essential services. Objective The aim of this paper is to highlight how Saudi Arabia has used digital technology during the COVID-19 pandemic in the domains of public health, health care services, education, telecommunication, commerce, and risk communication. Methods We documented the use of digital technology in Saudi Arabia during the pandemic using publicly available official announcements, press briefings and releases, news clips, published data, peer-reviewed literature, and professional discussions. Results Saudi Arabia’s government and private sectors combined developed and launched approximately 19 apps and platforms that serve public health functions and provide health care services. A detailed account of each is provided. Education processes continued using an established electronic learning infrastructure with a promising direction toward wider adoption in the future. Telecommunication companies exhibited smooth collaboration as well as innovative initiatives to support ongoing efforts. Risk communication activities using social media, websites, and SMS text messaging followed best practice guides. Conclusions The Saudi Vision 2030 framework, released in 2017, has paved the path for digital transformation. COVID-19 enabled the promotion and testing of this transition. In Saudi Arabia, the use of artificial intelligence in integrating different data sources during future outbreaks could be further explored. Also, decreasing the number of mobile apps and merging their functions could increase and facilitate their use.

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Alneami, Yahya Mari, and Christopher L. Coleman. "Risk Factors for and Barriers to Control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi Population." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 9 (December 18, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p10.

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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is dramatically increasing in urban areas within Saudi Arabia. Hence, Type-2 Diabetes has now become the most common public health problem. Understanding the major risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes may lead to strategies to prevent, control, and reduce in the burden of disease cases.OBJECTIVE: To describe risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia.METHODS: The literature search was conducted on risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (2007-2015). The literature search yielded 80 articles, of which 70 articles were included in this review after excluding non-relevant articles. RESULTS: The literature review revealed that obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and aging are the major risk factors for Type-2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Further, the review allocated a complex set of barriers including, lack of education, social support, and healthy environment. These barriers may hinder Saudis with Type-2 Diabetes from controlling their disease.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is high among the Saudi population and represents a major public health problem. Effective research programs are needed to address the modifiable risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi population.

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Hossain, A., A. S. Bolbol, T. M. F. Bakir, M. A. Siddiqui, M. R. Rajan, and G. Kumarasinghe. "Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 108, no. 2 (April 1988): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642408810800211.

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A Kumosani, Taha, Abdulrahman L Al-Malki, Syed S Razvi, Maha J Balgoon, Mohammed Kaleem, Etimad A Huwait, Maryam A Alghamdi, et al. "Hemorrhagic fever in Saudi Arabia: challenge to public health, effective management and future considerations." African Health Sciences 20, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 1153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i3.17.

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Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) refers to a group of febrile illnesses caused by different viruses that result in high mortality in animals and humans. Many risk factors like increased human-animal interactions, climate change, increased mobility of people and limited diagnostic facility have contributed to the rapid spread of VHF. Materials: The history of VHFs in the Saudi Arabian Peninsula has been documented since the 19th century, in which many outbreaks have been reported from the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Despite presence of regional network of experts and technical organizations, which expedite support and respond during outbreaks, there are some more challenges that need to be addressed immediately. Gaps in funding, exhaustive and inclusive response plans and improved surveillance systems are some areas of concern in the region which can be dealt productively. This review primarily focusses on the hem- orrhagic fevers that are caused by three most common viruses namely, the Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift valley fever virus, and Dengue fever virus. Conclusion: In summary, effective vector control, health education, possible use of vaccine and concerted synchronized efforts between different government organizations and private research institutions will help in planning effective out- break-prevention and response strategies in future. Keywords: Viral fever; hemorrhagic fever (VHF); Saudi Arabia; challenges; management; future considerations.

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Alshehri, Saad Zafir, Jenny Byrne, and Marcus Grace. "Saudi Arabian university students’ perceptions of health risk behaviours." Health Education 119, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-12-2018-0066.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how and why Saudi Arabian students engage in specific health risk behaviours (HRBs), and if there are gender differences. Design/methodology/approach In order to find out the situation regarding university students in Saudi Arabia, quantitative data were collected by administering questionnaires to 722 respondents, and qualitative data were collected using a series of interviews with 17 students. Findings The findings of this mixed methods sequential explanatory study suggest that lifestyle and personal factors, as well as economic, social, policy and other aspects of the environment played a significant role in influencing students’ HRBs. Recommendations for mitigating HRBs among these students and other youth in the Saudi Arabian context are provided. Originality/value This paper addresses an important gap in the research on HRBs among university students from the perspectives of students.

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Jabali, A. Karim, and Mu'taman Jarrar. "Electronic Health Records Functionalities in Saudi Arabia: Obstacles and Major Challenges." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n4p50.

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Despite the innovative technology availability, however, the functionalities of usefulness are limited and not been explored in Saudi Arabian hospitals. This study aims to determine the extent and diffusion of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in public hospitals in Saudi Arabia and to explore the main obstacles, and problems of adopting EHR in these hospitals.METHODS: A comprehensive survey was developed and sent to the medium and large size hospital stakeholders to collect their opinions on the current status of the adoption and usage of EHR. Cluster random sampling has been used. The study has been conducted in the eastern province.RESULTS: Based on the 15 hospitals surveyed in the Eastern Province (EP), Saudi Arabia, a total of seven hospitals (46.6%) had an EHR system and the implementation is running. EHR is mostly used for order entry (51.11%) and char review (41.11%) in the EP in Saudi Arabia with obstacles to be used for decision support, documentation functions, communication tools. Despite the “secured” EHR system, the results shows that security mechanism did not cover all threats.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that more public hospitals are required to adopting more and more EHR and EHR functionalities. A periodic assessment of EHR status should be performed in addition to or part of an encouraging/ enforcing policies that can significantly increase the rate of adoption of EHR systems. Managers and policymakers can benefit from the study by facing obstacles and general challenges of problems like resistance to change from the medical staff in using the information technology, low and weak financing, and train technical supporting staff for adopting EHR.

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Alqurashi, Afnan, Enas A. Sindy, Heba Dosh, Sumaya Z. Khayat, Lujain M. Alqarna, Wafa M. Sodagar, Mohammed Samannodi, et al. "Perception and Acceptance of Using Different Generic Types of COVID-19 Vaccine, the “Mix-and-Match” Strategy, in Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113889.

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Background: Soon after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, a pharmaceutical company expressed rapid interest in developing a safe and effective vaccine candidate to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The FDA approved the Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Moderna, and Janssen vaccines. Here, we investigated the attitude and acceptance of using different generic types of COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study using an online survey conducted in Saudi Arabia from the 19th of October to the 6th of December 2021. The questionnaire was distributed using social media platforms such as Twitter, WhatsApp, and Facebook. The inclusion criteria to participate in this study were adults who live in Saudi Arabia (Saudis or non-Saudis) and had two doses of COVID-19 vaccinations. Result: 3486 participants were included in this study, and 67.5% of the participants had side effects after the first dose. Similarly, 66.7% of the study participants had side effects after administering the second dose. Our data showed that most participants were unsure if the heterologous COVID-19 vaccination could cause severe side effects. In addition, 47.6% of the participants refused to receive a different generic type of COVID-19 vaccine due to fear of health problems. However, most participants obtained information regarding COVID-19 vaccination from the Saudi Ministry of Health. Conclusions: We found a low level of acceptance for receiving different generic types of vaccines if the participants had a choice. Therefore, plans should focus on increasing the acceptance level among the Saudi population through official platforms such as the Saudi Ministry of Health and private clinics.

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Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, and Ameerah MN Qattan. "An Analysis of Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainable Health Care Provision in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Health Services Insights 12 (January 2019): 117863291985900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178632919859008.

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This study considers the issue of health care provision in Saudi Arabia, looking in particular at the challenges for health care providers and ministry officials. Although the study concentrates on factors specific to Saudi Arabia, it also examines the problem from a broadly international perspective. In particular, the study explores the experience of health care modernisation in the United Kingdom to conceptualise the practicality of fusing public services with market ideals. There is a pressing need to modernise the Saudi health care system with the economic burden on the state-funded Ministry of Health being an unsustainable means of providing health care in future. The solution resides partially in opening the public health care system to alternative sources of management and revenue. In particular, public-private partnerships will be considered as a viable means of funding health care in Saudi Arabia and for improving standards and the quality of care. This study concludes that, whereas the move towards a public-private partnership approach to health care provision has been touted as a precondition for modernisation and development, the precise fusion between government and non-government forces remains a source of conjecture. As a result, the study advocates caution when evaluating the benefits and pitfalls of partnerships between public and private actors.

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Althumiri, Nora A., Mada H. Basyouni, Norah AlMousa, Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim, Adel A. Alhamdan, Faisal Saeed Al-Qahtani, Nasser F. BinDhim, and Saleh A. Alqahtani. "Exploring Weight Stigma in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179141.

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Background: Weight stigma (WS) in the Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia, is widely ignored. People with obesity are blamed for their weight, and there is a common perception that weight stigmatization is justifiable and may motivate individuals to adopt healthier behaviors. The authors of this study aimed to explore WS prevalence and factors associated with WS in a large nationwide study of Saudi Arabian adults. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June 2020. A proportional quota-sampling technique was adopted to obtain equal distributions of participants by age and sex across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. In total, 6239 people were contacted, and 4709 (75.48%) responded and completed the interview. The authors of the study collected data about WS using the Arabic Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), BMI, smoking, nutritional knowledge, bariatric surgery, risk of depression, and demographic variables. Results: Participants had a mean age of 36.4 ± 13.5 (18–90), and 50.1% were female. The prevalence of higher WS was 46.4%. Among other risk factors, there was a significant association between WS and obesity (odds ratio (OR): 3.93; 95% CI: 2.83–5.44; p < 0.001), waterpipe smoking (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.20–2.69; p < 0.001), bariatric surgery (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.53–2.81; p < 0.001), and risk of depression (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.36–2.09; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This was the first study to explore WS and its associated factors among adults in a community setting in Saudi Arabia. This study revealed some risk factors associated with WS that may help to identify people at risk of WS and to develop interventions to reduce WS, such as improving nutritional knowledge, correcting the ideas about bariatric surgery and obesity in general, and ceasing waterpipe smoking.

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Rahman, Redwanur. "The Privatization of Health Care System in Saudi Arabia." Health Services Insights 13 (January 2020): 117863292093449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178632920934497.

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Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 highlights the development of the health care sector through privatization. This study examines the factors that prompted the privatization of the health care sector in Saudi Arabia. This is a scoping review based on an extensive review of both published and unpublished documents. We have accessed different search engines and databases to collect various research publications, journal articles, government reports, policy and planning documents, and relevant press reports/articles. While privatization of the health care sector in Saudi Arabia has experienced an upward trend, the public health care sector remains vital to bring in overall improvements in the health of all sections of Saudi Arabia’s population. Keeping this in view, the government must strengthen its public health care sector to ensure affordable, accessible, and high-quality health care for all. This manuscript focuses on the policy aspect of the privatization of health care and is based on secondary research material. Increased privatization leads to rising expenses in health care, while adversely affecting equity and accountability in the provision of its services. Although this study is an independent analysis of Saudi Arabia’s health care system, lessons learned from this context could be used widely for policy-making in other countries with similar socioeconomic settings.

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Adly, Heba M., Imad A. AlJahdali, Mohammed A. Garout, Abdullah A. Khafagy, Abdulla A. Saati, and Saleh A. K. Saleh. "Correlation of COVID-19 Pandemic with Healthcare System Response and Prevention Measures in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 13, 2020): 6666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186666.

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Background: The Saudi government has taken the decision to prevent the entrance of about 2.5 million international pilgrims seeking to perform hajj in order to protect the world from a catastrophic widespread of disease. Moreover, health systems in Saudi Arabia are offering free testing for residents whether Saudi and non-Saudi. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the spread of COVID-19 associated with preventive measures taken in Saudi Arabia and to develop a detailed COVID-19 prevention strategy as a framework for the Saudi Arabia community. Methodology: Population size and age distributions among the country of Saudi Arabia were taken from the 2020 World Population Prospects. Contact patterns were measured using the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Statistical Annual Report. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that performing screening tests as early as possible to facilitate the rapid detection of infected cases, fast treatment, and instant isolation for suspected cases is the most definitive rejoinder for public health. Moreover, our study revealed the significance of performing preventive measures in reducing infection and death rates around Saudi Arabia by 27%, while in other countries, it reduced the death rate ranging from 10–73%. This study provides an achievable strategy for prevention and early detection of COVID-19 spread.

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Boyles, Catherine, and Natalie Nordhaugen. "An Employee Health Service in Saudi Arabia." AAOHN Journal 37, no. 11 (November 1989): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507998903701103.

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Badreldin, Hisham A., Khalid Bin Saleh, Aisha F. Badr, Abdullah Alhifany, Shuroug A. Alowais, Sumaya N. Almohareb, Nada Alsuhebany, et al. "Assessing the Perception of Pharmacy Students on Launching a Doctor of Pharmacy/Master of Public Health Dual Degree Program in Saudi Arabia: A Multi-Institutional Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 8014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138014.

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There is a lack of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) and Master of Public Health (MPH) dual degree programs in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to examine current pharmacy students’ perceptions regarding establishing such a program and the perceived limitations and advantages of pursuing such a degree. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based short survey to assess the feasibility of establishing a PharmD/MPH dual degree program in several randomly selected pharmacy schools in Saudi Arabia. Our cohort consisted of 657 students. Almost 56% were males, and nearly 58% were fourth-year pharmacy students. Close to 85% had a “very well” or “well” understanding regarding the pharmacist’s role in the public health area, and almost 70% stated that they see themselves playing a role in public health as a future pharmacist. Nearly 93% reported that they are either “very likely” or “likely” to enroll in such a program if given the opportunity. Almost 80% felt it would increase their job opportunities. On the other hand, close to 70% felt it would increase workload and stress. This study highlights pharmacy students’ positive perceptions regarding establishing a PharmD/MPH dual degree program in Saudi Arabia. The study results could be utilized as the starting point to propose and establish this program to health education policymakers in Saudi Arabia.

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Algarni, Majed A., Mohammad S. Alzahrani, Yasser Alatawi, Raghad A. Alasmari, Hashem O. Alsaab, Atiah H. Almalki, Abdullah A. Alhifany, and Yusuf S. Althobaiti. "Perception of Threat and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Expatriates in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 6650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126650.

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In the first few months of the pandemic, Makkah region reported the highest number of COVID-19 cases among all regions in Saudi Arabia. More than 80% of these reported cases were non-Saudi residents. In this study, we evaluated the perceived threat from and psychological impact of COVID-19 among non-Saudi residents of Makkah region. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected using a standardized self-report questionnaire. A total of 292 expatriates were included in the study, the majority of whom were non-Arabic speakers. The prevalence of self-reported depression was nearly 40%, anxiety was 32%, and stress was 43%. The findings indicated variability in the prevalence of psychological symptoms among expatriates from different ethnic backgrounds. Additionally, work environment and perceived threat were strong predictors of psychological disorders. This suggested that the perceived threat from and psychological burden of COVID-19 among non-Saudis in Makkah region is substantial. Future research should investigate the reasons behind these variations in the psychological impact of the pandemic among different ethnic groups.

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Alqahtani, HatemA, and SameerahM Motabgani. "Gender dysphoria in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Family and Community Medicine 28, no. 2 (2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_512_20.

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El-Dakhs, Dina Abdel Salam. "#StayHome – A pragmatic analysis of COVID-19 health advice in Saudi and Australian tweets." Language and Dialogue 11, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00089.dak.

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Abstract The current study aimed to examine how the government departments of health in Saudi Arabia and Australia provided health advice to the public through Twitter during the COVID-19 crisis. To this end, 100 Saudi and 100 Australian tweets were analysed by using Martínez-Flor’s (2003) advice linguistic realization strategies typology and an adapted version of Trosborg’s (1995) coding scheme for internal modifiers. The external modifiers that emerged in the data were also examined. The results showed a general tendency to use direct advice-giving strategies among Saudis and Australians. Statistical comparisons showed that Saudis used significantly more direct advice-giving strategies and external modifiers than Australians while Australians employed significantly more conventionally indirect strategies and internal modifiers than Saudis.

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Siddiqui, Ammar Ahmed, Freah Alshammary, Junaid Amin, Hassaan Anwer Rathore, Ibne Hassan, Muhammad Ilyas, and Mohammad Khursheed Alam. "Knowledge and practice regarding prevention of COVID-19 among the Saudi Arabian population." Work 66, no. 4 (September 17, 2020): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203223.

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BACKGROUND: Prevention is the best way to manage a pandemic like COVID-19. The World Health Organization has issued public advice to create awareness by providing people knowledge to prevent/protect them from COVID-19. Hence, the present study was planned to assess knowledge of prevention and its practical use amongst samples from the Saudi Arabian population. It can be used to bring awareness among the masses not only in expanding their knowledge about COVID-19 but also on how to enforce a practicing behavior in relation to the prevention of COVID-19. The study is among the pioneer studies on the issue related to knowledge and practice of the prevention of COVID-19 among Saudis and foreign nationals residing in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE: The prime objective of this study is to examine the existence of knowledge among the Saudi and non-Saudi nationals about COVID-19 and its impact on their behavior to practice the protocols to prevent the disastrous infection of COVID-19. This study has also examined how the residents in Saudi Arabia react to the methods and protection measures adopted by the government for their dominions to eradicate the spread of COVID-19. METHODS: The study used a survey-based methodology and data was collected from Saudi nationals as well as expatriates living and working in five different regions of Saudi Arabia. Non-probability snowball sampling was used to reach and select the population of the current study. A self-designed, structured, and validated questionnaire was electronically distributed among the respondents. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data of the current study. RESULTS: Out of the 443 respondents, 356 respondents (84%) knew they had to wash their hands for 20 seconds and did this as well, 303 respondents (75%) knew that sneezing or coughing into the arm/elbow can prevent the spread of COVID-19 and were doing this as well, 357 respondents (82%) knew that COVID-19 can be transferred by shaking hands and avoided this, 333 respondents (79%) knew that they had to maintain a safe distance of at least one meter and kept this distance, 315 respondents (76%) knew that touching one’s face can transfer the virus and avoid this, and 414 respondents (95%) knew that staying at home can decrease the chances of getting infected. The relationship between different regions and most of the knowledge-based and practice-based questions was significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results reveal that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and practice, but the strength of association is weak. It was found that knowledge and practice of COVID-19 was followed differently in the five regions of Saudi Arabia and the level of education of the respondents influenced their choice of practice to protect themselves from the effects of COVID-19. The study has contributed in the body of literature by examining the inter-relationship between knowledge and practice and their use in prevention of COVID-19 among the Saudi population.

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Saati, Abdullah A., Muhammad Khurram, Hani Faidah, Abdul Haseeb, and Marcello Iriti. "A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 10042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910042.

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Tuberculosis is a global health challenge due to its spreading potential. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) faces a challenge in the spread of tuberculosis from migrant workers, but the foremost threat is the huge number of pilgrims who travel to visit sacred sites of the Islamic world located in the holy cities of Makkah and Al Madina. Pilgrims visit throughout the year but especially in the months of Ramadan and Zul-Hijah. The rise of resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an established global phenomenon that makes such large congregations likely hotspots in the dissemination and spread of disease at a global level. Although very stringent and effective measures exist, the threat remains due to the ever-changing dynamics of this highly pathogenic disease. This overview primarily highlights the current public health challenges posed by this disease to the Saudi health system, which needs to be highlighted not only to the concerned authorities of KSA, but also to the concerned global quarters since the pilgrims and migrants come from all parts of the world with a majority coming from high tuberculosis-burdened countries.

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Almoteiry, Khalid, Adel Alharf, Bandar Al Hammad, Ibrahim Aljuffali, Nahar Al-Azemi, Taghred Al-Ghaith, Shahad Alhomidi, et al. "National medicines policy development, Saudi Arabia." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 100, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.22.287936.

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Baladi, Zameer Hussain. "A PATTERN OF RESEARCH IN CORONAVIRUSES IN SAUDI ARABIA FROM 2014 – 2018." EUREKA: Social and Humanities 4 (July 31, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001334.

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The aim: to observe the contribution of authors and the collaboration of institutes functioning in Saudi Arabia through the bibliometric review of literature in Coronaviruses. Design/Methods/Approach: Authors as solo or corroborators in research are the main sources to retrieve the material of their original articles, case reports and review articles published from 2014–2018 in PubMed indexed journals for estimation and tabulation. Results: Total 895; 3.5 % institutes (522; 58.3 % functioning locally and 373; 41.6 % internationally) in Saudi Arabia with the support of 1878; 7.4 % authors produced 253 articles from 2014 to 2018. Position of the author always matters in research, 207; 81.8 % authors had the first position followed by 28; 11 % as a second. Majority 72; 28.4 % articles published by single institute followed 46; 18.1 % and 49; 19.3 % by two and three institutes. Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia publish 57; 6.3 % stand on lead followed by the Ministry of Health (All Regions) Kingdome of Saudi Arabia and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah & Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Community & General Medicine and Hospital Administration & Health Informatics were major disciplines of publications. Three journals, Journal of Infectious and Public Health, International Journal of Infectious Diseases and American Journal of Infection Control grab 147; 58.1 % share of publishing research. Conclusion: This study illustrates the determinations of the Saudi public and private healthcare sectors to handle the epidemic situation and uphold the esteem of people residing in catchment areas by means of technical, logistical and financial aid to managers and decision-makers.

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AL-Eitan, Laith N., Amneh H. Tarkhan, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Denise A. Marston, Guanghui Wu, Lorraine M. McElhinney, Ian H. Brown, and Anthony R. Fooks. "Bat-Borne Coronaviruses in Jordan and Saudi Arabia: A Threat to Public Health?" Viruses 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121413.

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Emerging infectious diseases are of great concern to public health, as highlighted by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Such diseases are of particular danger during mass gathering and mass influx events, as large crowds of people in close proximity to each other creates optimal opportunities for disease transmission. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are two countries that have witnessed mass gatherings due to the arrival of Syrian refugees and the annual Hajj season. The mass migration of people not only brings exotic diseases to these regions but also brings new diseases back to their own countries, e.g., the outbreak of MERS in South Korea. Many emerging pathogens originate in bats, and more than 30 bat species have been identified in these two countries. Some of those bat species are known to carry viruses that cause deadly diseases in other parts of the world, such as the rabies virus and coronaviruses. However, little is known about bats and the pathogens they carry in Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Here, the importance of enhanced surveillance of bat-borne infections in Jordan and Saudi Arabia is emphasized, promoting the awareness of bat-borne diseases among the general public and building up infrastructure and capability to fill the gaps in public health preparedness to prevent future pandemics.

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Al-Ahdal, Mohammed N., Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani, and Salvatore Rubino. "Coronavirus respiratory illness in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, no. 10 (October 19, 2012): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3084.

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Although viruses that belong to the coronavirus family are known since the 1930s, they only gained public health attention when they were discovered to be the causative agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in China in 2002–2003. On 22 September 2012, the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia announced the detection of what was described as a “rare pattern” of coronavirus respiratory infection in three individuals, two Saudi citizens and one person from the Gulf Region. Neither Saudi citizen survived the infection. Molecular analysis of the isolates showed that the virus belongs to the genus beta-coronavirus. It is not known if the new isolates are circulating in the population or has recently diverged. The emergence of these novel isolates that resulted in fatal human infection ascertains that health authorities all over the world must be vigilant for the possibility of new global pandemics due to novel viral infection.

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Alnasser, Ali Hassan A., Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Mohammed Sheker H. Al-Kalif, Rubayyi Faris B. Shahadah, Khawlah Saad A. Almuqati, Bashayer Sulaiman A. Al-Sulaiman, Khulud Khalid S. Alharbi, et al. "Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey." Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci9010011.

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(1) Background: COVID-19 has become a worldwide public health problem. No previous study has investigated factors associated with COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) after completely lifting the curfew in all Saudi Arabia regions and cities. Therefore, adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, and correct control of COVID-19 are essential to eradicate the disease. Hence, this study aims to assess factors associated with KAP of COVID-19; (2) Methods: This cross-sectional web-based survey was performed with the participation of 4305 individuals aged over 15 years living in Saudi Arabia from 11 to 19 August 2020. They were included using the snowball sampling method; (3) Results: Of the 4305 participants, 94.9% were Saudis, 60% females, and 45.4% were in the age group of 20–34 years, 61.7% married, and 49.3% from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Most of the participants demonstrated good KAP levels (89.6%, 87.2%, and 87.2%) towards the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. In addition, most of the participants (85.8%) used the internet and social media as a source for COVID-19 information (4) Conclusions: The finding showed that most of the participants demonstrated good knowledge of COVID-19, positive attitudes, and demonstrated good practices for preventing the spread of disease infection.

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Alam, Fakhre, Harman Preet Singh, and Ajay Singh. "Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia through Sectoral Reallocation of Government Expenditures." SAGE Open 12, no. 4 (October 2022): 215824402211271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221127158.

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The article employs auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration and error-correction modelling to study the long-run impact of investment, exports, imports, and three components of government expenditures (expenditures on health, education, and other government spending) on GDP growth in Saudi Arabia from 1985 to 2018. We observe the long-run positive relationship between GDP, investment, exports and government education expenditure, but a negative relationship between GDP, imports, government health spending, and government other expenditures. The analysis reveals that investment, exports, and government educational expenditures all have long-run positive effects on the GDP growth, while imports, government health expenditures, and government other expenditures negatively affect GDP growth in Saudi Arabia. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test that applies the Modified Wald test establishes causality from exports, government education spending, and government health spending to GDP. We deduce that education expenditures stimulate economic growth in Saudi Arabia in contrast to health expenditures. Additionally, we infer that the various categories of government expenditures have varying effects on GDP. This necessitates a prudent sectoral allocation of public expenditures to maximize its positive effects on GDP growth and stimulate economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the above findings have policy implications for the government in Saudi Arabia while allocating its expenditures. Allocating more government expenditures to education, cutting down inessential spending, and downsizing government healthcare expenditures will enhance long-run economic growth in Saudi Arabia. JEL Classification: O470; I15; I25

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EL Hassan, EL Walid, Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos, Dalal Aliadhy, Shaima Alsalman, Ohoud Alnafaa, and Ahmed Mohamed. "Public Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes toward the COVID-19 Vaccine in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 10, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050853.

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Background: With the help of vaccines, the world has witnessed a substantial decrease and even the eradication of many infectious diseases. Many factors influenced the public’s acceptance and compliance with the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire link was distributed through social media platforms. The questionnaire tool assessed the participants’ general knowledge and the barriers to taking the COVID-19 vaccine. All people who are currently living in Saudi Arabia and are at least 16 years old were included in the study and formed the study population. Based on our inclusion criteria, a total of 2,198 individuals were enrolled in this study. Results: Participants who were willing to take the vaccine were 68%. After vaccination, 10% of the participants think they can stop wearing face masks and washing their hands. Two-thirds of the participants think that the vaccine is effective in preventing COVID-19 infection. A total of 44.0% of the participants were afraid of the vaccine. The most common reasons were fear of unknown side effects (53.9%) and believing that the vaccine was not tested enough (27%). More than half of the study participants had a preference for receiving the Pfizer vaccine (52%). Conclusion: The public’s acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia is insufficient. Unknown side effects, widespread misconceptions, and a lack of adequate safety trials are all important reasons for concern among Saudis. More educational materials and awareness efforts will help to alleviate the fear that surrounds it. This will boost the vaccine’s acceptance rate in the long run.

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Alhowimel, Ahmed S., Reem M. Alfaifi, Abdulkarim A. Alluhaybi, Majed A. Alanazi, Khalid M. Alanazi, Nouf S. Almathami, Sarah H. Almedhwah, et al. "Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Associated Risk Factors among Saudi Arabian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811217.

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Low back pain is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition. Studies on adolescent low back pain are scarce, with no research to determine its prevalence in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of low back pain in Saudi Arabian adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi Arabian high school students, which included demographic data, medical and low back pain history. The completed survey by 2000 participants showcased 57.9% of students experiencing low back pain in the last 12 months. This included 31.2% men and 26.7% women. This study found a link between low back pain and age, clinical symptoms of diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, thyroid disease, arthritis, and back surgery, a family history of low back pain, as well as smoking. There is substantial prevalence of low back pain in Saudi Arabian adolescents. This study identified several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors stemming from adolescent low back pain.

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Hawsawi, Halah, Mustapha Immurana, and Mohammed Al-Hanawi. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Emergency Public Dental Services in Saudi Arabia: A Contingent Valuation Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 15205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215205.

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Dental diseases remain major health problems worldwide, leading to pain, discomfort, and even death. In Saudi Arabia, public dental care services (i.e., services provided by government-owned health facilities) are provided free of charge for all Saudi citizens. However, public dental care facilities are overburdened and overcrowded, resulting in long waiting times to access dental care services. The consequent limited access to dental services can prolong discomfort and delay pain management, thereby exacerbating the suffering of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic determinants of the willingness to pay for immediate public dental care in the face of a dental emergency in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional design was employed to obtain data from adult citizens of Saudi Arabia who were residents of the Holy City of Makkah. A pre-tested online questionnaire was used to obtain the responses from 549 individuals, selected through a snowball sampling technique, from 15 July to 10 August 2021. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages), Pearson’s chi-square test, and binary probit regression were used as estimation techniques. The findings showed that 79.4% of the respondents were willing to pay for immediate public dental services, with the majority (86%) expressing a willingness to pay less than 500 Saudi Riyal (SAR). The binary probit regression estimates showed that respondents who were unemployed, those with a high school level of education or below, and those without private health insurance were less likely to be willing to pay for immediate public dental services. Thus, policies and initiatives aimed at enhancing the willingness to pay for immediate public dental services should target the unemployed, those with a high school level of education or below, and people without private health insurance.

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Alamri, Hasan Saeed, Abdullah Algarni, Shehata F. Shehata, Ali Al Bshabshe, Nada N. Alshehri, Abdalla M. ALAsiri, Amjad H. Hussain, et al. "Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among the General Population in Saudi Arabia during Covid-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 9183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249183.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Our objective was to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population in Saudi Arabia during this pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used targeting all accessible populations in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from participants using an electronic pre-structured questionnaire. Psychological impact was assessed using the Arabic version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 1597 participants completed the survey. In total, 17.1% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 10% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 12% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher among females, younger respondents, and health care providers. Depression was higher among smokers, singles, and non-working respondents. Anxiety was higher among those reporting contacts with COVID-19 positive cases, previously quarantined and those with chronic health problems. Our findings reaffirm the importance of providing appropriate knowledge and specialized interventions to promote the mental well-being of the Saudi population, paying particular attention to high-risk groups.

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Chandramohan, Sriram. "Coronavirus: An Emerging Public Health Issue in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Biomedical Research 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v6i4.1894.

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Mobaraki, A. E. H., and B. Soderfeldt. "Gender inequity in Saudi Arabia and its role in public health." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 16, no. 01 (January 1, 2010): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2010.16.1.113.

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Alotiby, Amna Abdullah, and Laila Naif Al-Harbi. "Attitudes towards COVID-19-Related Medical Misinformation among Healthcare Workers and Non-Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia during the Pandemic: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 6, 2021): 6123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116123.

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Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a global pandemic, the amount of misinformation in various media outlets has been on the rise. This has caused confusion among both healthcare workers and the general population about what the proper precautions against COVID-19 are. This study investigated attitudes towards misinformation related to protective measures that can be taken against COVID-19. The study was conducted in Saudi Arabia using an online survey questionnaire during the first three months of lockdown responding to the pandemic. The sample size of the study was N = 1294, of which 275 were healthcare workers and 974 were non-healthcare workers. The findings indicate that the Saudi Arabian population has a “Neutral” attitude towards COVID-19-related misinformation, meaning that, overall, they neither agree nor disagree with the most common COVID-19-related misinformation. Both healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers displayed a “Neutral” attitude towards herbal remedies for COVID-19. The level of agreement regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus remaining in the throat for two days and the BCG vaccine protecting against COVID-19 was low. The findings of this research imply that knowledge dissemination is severely lacking in Saudi Arabia and that the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia should sincerely consider educating healthcare workers better about verified and true information regarding COVID-19. Conclusion: Future research should include larger sample sizes for each of the healthcare specialties surveyed in this study and analyse their attitudes towards COVID-19 misinformation.

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El Awad, MohamedE, and AhmedA Al-Barki. "Infantile hydrocephalus in southern Saudi Arabia." Journal of Family and Community Medicine 4, no. 2 (1997): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.98440.

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Welfare, W., and R. McCann. "Measles outbreak in Qassim, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Public Health 31, no. 2 (March 12, 2009): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdp016.

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Shanks, N. J., M. Ansari, and D. Ai-Kalai. "Road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia." Public Health 108, no. 1 (January 1994): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(05)80032-0.

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Sinclair, Jonathan, Hussein Ageely, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Abdulrahman Ahmed Hummadi, Hussain Darraj, Yahia Solan, Robert Allan, and Lindsay Bottoms. "Effects of a Home-Based Physical Activity Programme on Blood Biomarkers and Health-Related Quality of Life Indices in Saudi Arabian Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084468.

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is renowned for its high incidence of type-2 diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence rate of around 33%, which is expected to increase to 45.8% by 2030. Engagement in regular physical activity has been shown to significantly attenuate non-communicable diseases including type-2 diabetes. However, the overall rate of physical inactivity among Saudi Arabian adults is currently 80.5%, owing to time pressures, high-density traffic, poor air quality, lack of suitable exercise places/sports facilities, lack of social/friends support, gender, cultural barriers, low self-confidence, lack of time and environmental factors. Previous analyses have shown that home-based activity interventions can be effective. Therefore, given the aforementioned barriers to physical activity in Saudi Arabia; a home-based physical activity may be an ideal solution in type-2 diabetic patients. This manuscript describes the study protocol for a randomized control trial, examining the effects of a home-based physical activity intervention in Saudi Arabian adults with type-2 diabetes. The study will recruit 62 individuals with type-2 diabetes from the Jazan region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who will be individually randomized to either a physical activity or control group. This 24-week investigation will involve 12-weeks of physical activity in the physical activity group and feature three examination points i.e., baseline, 12-weeks and 24-weeks (follow-up). The primary study outcome is the between-group difference in blood HbA1c levels relative to controls. Secondary outcomes measures will be between-group differences in anthropometric, blood lipid, physical fitness, and patient-reported quality of life outcomes pertinent to type-2 diabetes. Statistical analysis will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial has been granted ethical approval by Jazan University, Health Research Ethics Committee (REF: 2177) and formally registered as a trial (NCT04937296). We expect dissemination of the study findings from this investigation to be through publication in a leading peer-reviewed journal.

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Alrazeeni, Daifallah. "Public anxiety during Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia: Indication for a psychological assistance intervention." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 4 (April 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.04.002.

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The 2019 outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide health emergency that threatens the psychological health of the public. Research data are required to establish evidence-based approaches to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety during the outbreak. This study aimed to survey the public in Saudi Arabia to help in understanding their levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. The researchers performed an on-line survey using snowball-sampling methods from April 1 through April 10, 2020. The online survey collected demographics information data, while the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A30) was used to measure anxiety levels. This study consisted of 709 respondents from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The general population reported mild to moderate rates of anxiety. Married respondents were associated with a significantly higher level of anxiety (p<0.05). The respondents reported mild to moderate anxiety during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. The results of this study identify the implications to lower levels of anxiety that may be used during the COVID-19 outbreak to develop psychological health assistance interventions to improve the psychological health of vulnerable groups.

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Madani, Khalid A., and Hamza Al-Abbasi. "Drug Administration in Saudi Arabia." Drug Information Journal 20, no. 1 (January 1986): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286158602000114.

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Al-Nasser, Abdul-Aziz Nasser, M. El-Shabrawy Aboul-Enein, and Abdul-Karim Al-Aska. "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 108, no. 3 (June 1988): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642408810800307.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Public health Saudi Arabia'

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