Academic literature on the topic 'Public health – Political aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public health – Political aspects"
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Jayaram, Athmeya, and Michael Kates. "Political Liberalism and Public Health." American Journal of Bioethics 21, no. 9 (August 17, 2021): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2021.1952341.
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Krishnamurthy, M. "Political Solidarity, Justice and Public Health." Public Health Ethics 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/pht017.
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Dawson, A. "Editorial: Political Philosophy and Public Health Ethics." Public Health Ethics 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/php020.
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Bernstein, Justin, and Pierce Randall. "Against the Public Goods Conception of Public Health." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa021.
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Abstract Public health ethicists face two difficult questions. First, what makes something a matter of public health? While protecting citizens from outbreaks of communicable diseases is clearly a matter of public health, is the same true of policies that aim to reduce obesity, gun violence or political corruption? Second, what should the scope of the government’s authority be in promoting public health? May government enact public health policies some citizens reasonably object to or policies that are paternalistic? Recently, some theorists have attempted to address these questions by arguing that something is a matter of public health if and only if it involves a health-related public good, such as clean water or herd immunity. Relatedly, they have argued that appeals to the promotion of public health should only be used to justify the provision of health-related public goods. This public goods conception of public health (PGC) is meant to enjoy advantages over its rivals in three respects: it provides a better definition of public health than rival views, it respects moral disagreement, and it avoids licensing objectionably paternalistic public health policies. We argue, however, that the PGC does just as poorly, or worse, than its rivals in all three respects.
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Hodge, James G., Lawrence O. Gostin, Kristine Gebbie, and Deborah L. Erickson. "Transforming Public Health Law: The Turning Point Model State Public Health Act." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 1 (2006): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00010.x.
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Protecting the public's health has recently regained prominence in political and public discussions. Threats of bioterrorism following September 11, 2001 and the deliberate dissemination of anthrax later that fall, the reemergence of novel or resurgent infectious diseases, (such as the West Nile Virus, SARS, influenza, avian flu) and rapid increases in diseases associated with sedentary lifestyles, poor diets, and smoking (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, cancer) have all raised the profile of public health. The U.S. government has responded with increased funding, reorganization, and new policies for the population's health, safety, and security. Politicians and the public more clearly understand the importance of law in improving the public's health. Recognizing that many public health laws have not been meaningfully reformed in decades, law- and policy-makers and public health practitioners have focused on the legal foundations for public health. Laws provide the mission, functions, and powers of public health agencies, set standards for their (and their partners’) actions, and safeguard individual rights.
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Martsolf, Grant R., and Teresa H. Thomas. "Integrating Political Philosophy Into Health Policy Education." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154418819842.
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Twenty-first century America is marked by deep and seemingly incommensurable divisions in terms of public policy solutions to our most intractable issues. Health policy challenges are not immune to these deep divisions, as the debate during and since the passage of the Affordable Care Act illustrates. Positions on key public policy issues are driven by largely implicit and unarticulated philosophical presuppositions that guide individuals’ notions of the nature of government, individuals’ moral obligations to each other, how society assesses quality of life, and what it means to be a community. If faculty in schools of nursing are to prepare graduate nurses to enter into these heated public policy debates, we must help students understand, identify, and articulate the philosophical presuppositions that undergird reasoning related to health policy issues. In this article, we present a working taxonomy that can help faculty members provide students with a basic understanding of core philosophical principles. We attempt to categorize all of western political philosophy into four distinct traditions or “impulses,” describing each of these four traditions in detail. We illustrate each tradition’s approach to political reasoning using a specific health policy case study. We conclude with some guidance about how to implement this content within a doctoral-level public policy curriculum.
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Phillips, Adrian, and Andy Baker. "Housing and health – a public health perspective." Journal of Integrated Care 22, no. 1 (February 11, 2014): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-08-2013-0035.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a viewpoint on homelessness and health gained from a practical public health perspective. Design/methodology/approach – Views derived from local review as well as other national epidemiology and research. Findings – That housing has real impacts upon health especially for those who are homeless. Research limitations/implications – This is a viewpoint from a major city in England. Practical implications – Homelessness leads to extreme vulnerability. There are other aspects of the home environment that impact elsewhere in the public sector, especially the health service. Vulnerable individuals are more likely to become homeless which can lead to exacerbation of vulnerability. Originality/value – This is a viewpoint derived solely from local practice.
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Emmelin, M. "Political and ethical aspects. Pol-ethical considerations in public health. The views of Swedish health care politicians." European Journal of Public Health 9, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/9.2.124.
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Traina, Gloria, Pål E. Martinussen, and Eli Feiring. "Being Healthy, Being Sick, Being Responsible: Attitudes towards Responsibility for Health in a Public Healthcare System." Public Health Ethics 12, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz009.
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Abstract Lifestyle-induced diseases are becoming a burden on healthcare, actualizing the discussion on health responsibilities. Using data from the National Association for Heart and Lung Diseases (LHL)’s 2015 Health Survey (N = 2689), this study examined the public’s attitudes towards personal and social health responsibility in a Norwegian population. The questionnaires covered self-reported health and lifestyle, attitudes towards personal responsibility and the authorities’ responsibility for promoting health, resource-prioritisation and socio-demographic characteristics. Block-wise multiple linear regression assessed the association between attitudes towards health responsibilities and individual lifestyle, political orientation and health condition. We found a moderate support for social responsibility across political views. Respondents reporting unhealthier eating habits, smokers and physically inactive were less supportive of health promotion policies (including information, health incentives, prevention and regulations). The idea that individuals are responsible for taking care of their health was widely accepted as an abstract ideal. Yet, only a third of the respondents agreed with introducing higher co-payments for treatment of ‘self-inflicted’ conditions and levels of support were patterned by health-related behaviour and left-right political orientation. Our study suggests that a significant support for social responsibility does not exclude a strong support for personal health responsibility. However, conditional access to healthcare based on personal lifestyle is still controversial.
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Rothstein, Mark A. "Rethinking the Meaning of Public Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00381.x.
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Public health is a dynamic field. Outbreaks of new diseases, as well as changing patterns of population growth, economic development, and lifestyle trends all may threaten public health and thus demand a public health response. As the practice of public health evolves, there is an ongoing need to reassess its scientific, ethical, legal, and social underpinnings. Such a reappraisal must consider the disagreement among public health officials, public health scholars, elected officials, and the public about the proper role of public health and the distinctions, for example, between public health and clinical care, and public health and health promotion.In this article I will attempt to characterize the main points of contention as well as offer my own views regarding the proper scope of public health. Greater clarity and consensus on the meaning of public health are likely to lead to more efficient and effective public health interventions as well as increased public and political support for public health activities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public health – Political aspects"
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Apperley, Alan Robert. "Personal autonomy and health policy : some considerations in political theory." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/37880/.
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This thesis examines some of the implications for social policy of an account of human nature frequently associated with liberal political theory. Taking as its starting point the claim that the objectives of social policy are contested, it seeks to develop an account of autonomy that will serve as a neutral 'organizational principle' around which to construct social policy. A particular version of personal autonomy is developed and defended against both abstract Kantian moral autonomy, and the individualism often associated with liberal theories. This project is pursued first through a discussion of the relationship of autonomous persons to 'social forms', and then through a critique of libertarian and 'intellectualist' accounts of autonomy. It is argued that, since autonomy is not only employed in the making of choices, but also in the implementing of those choices, it follows that the autonomous person must, of necessity, be viewed 'holistically' for the body is the primary means of implementing the choices autonomous persons make. The health of the body, as well as that of the mind, therefore assumes importance for any social policy that takes autonomy to be a fundamental objective. The implications for such an account of social policy are then explored in two ways. First, through a discussion of the phenomenon of 'medicalization'. Second, through a discussion of the Prevention and Health campaign. In the first instance, it is argued that the assumption that medicalization systematically undermines autonomy is ill-founded because theories of medicalization misunderstand what it is to be autonomous. In the second instance, the discussion of preventive health-care policy serves to illustrate the fundamentally erroneous assumptions of individually-focussed health-care programmes. In conclusion, it is argued that a unified account of autonomous persons must inevitably lead to a more integrated social policy.
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Palmer, Diana. "Women, health and politics, 1919-1939 : professional and lay involvement in the women's health campaign." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34625/.
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This thesis analyses the aspirations and achievements of the lay women who were active in the campaign to improve women's health, and of those women who sought entry into paid occupations in the health services. After an introduction, Section One is intended to place the substantive data in context. Middle-class women's enthusiasm for voluntary work and the terms on which women entered national politics are discussed. These issues are used to illustrate the effects the maintenance of rigid social-class divisions had on the unity of the women's movement and the implications for the future of the movement of the decision to seek entry to the public domain on the grounds that women could make a unique contribution. Section Two is devoted to the lay women. First, the effect of the maintenance of rigid social-class divisions on the women's health campaign and on women seeking a career in the health services is discussed. Secondly, the consensus between both middle-class and working-class women, the medical profession and the Ministry of Health on the need to extend medical services is analysed, revealing an eagerness to follow technical advice which affected the strategy of the lay campaign and meant support for women workers in the health services was often circumspect. Thirdly, the reasons for the collapse of this consensus in the l93Os are discussed. This section is concluded with an assessment of the lay women's health campaign and a discussion of the impact the campaign had on women health workers. In Section Three, women's position as paid employees in the health services is analysed, and three occupations, midwifery, medicine and health visiting, have been selected. Difficulties these women encountered establishing themselves in paid employment, and their status and their relations with male colleagues and with the Ministry of Health are assessed. The differences between these three occupations, which prevented a sense of solidarity and an identification with the goals of the women's movement, are discussed. Their achievements during the period are assessed, and the effects of the medicalisation of childbirth and the increasing involvement of the state in maternity and child welfare are investigated. A fourth, concluding section draws these strands together. The lay women's health campaign and the goals and tactics of the women health workers are related to the maintenance of the existing social-class divisions, the ideological splits within the women's movennt and the persistence of barriers preventing women from competing on equal terms with men in the public domain. Although the number of women working in the health services increased dramatically and women's place in these services was assured, women generally remained in subordinate positions, excluded from the prestigious and lucrative posts, while they achieved only a statutory presence on decision-making bodies.
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Seed, Barbara. "Food security in Public Health and other government programs in British Columbia, Canada : a policy analysis." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1173/.
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Public Health has re-emerged as a driver of food security in British Columbia. Food security policy, programs and infrastructure have been integrated into the Public Health sector and other areas of government, including the adoption of food security as a Core Public Health program. This policy analysis of the integration merges findings from forty-eight key informant interviews conducted with government, Civil Society, and food supply representatives involved in the initiatives, along with relevant documents and participant/direct observations. Findings were analyzed according to “contextual”, “diagnostic”, “evaluative” and “strategic” categories from the Ritchie and Spencer framework for Applied Policy Research. While Civil Society was the driver for food security in British Columbia, Public Health was the driver for the integration of food security into the government. Public Health held most of the power, and often determined the agenda and the players involved. While many interviewees heralded the accomplishments of the incorporation of food security into Public Health, stakeholders also acknowledged the relative insignificance of the food security agenda in relation to other “weightier”, competing agendas. Conflict between stakeholders over approaches to food insecurity/hunger existed, and it was only weakly included in the agenda. Looking to consequences of the integration, food security increased in legitimacy within the Public Health sector over the research period. Interviewees described a clash of cultures between Public Health and Civil Society occurring partly as a result of Public Health’s limited food security mandate and inherent top down approach. Marginalization of the Civil Society voice at the provincial level was one of the negative consequences resulting from this integration. A social policy movement toward a new political paradigm - “regulatory pluralism” - calls for greater engagement of Civil Society, and for all sectors to work together toward common goals. This integration of food security into the government exemplifies an undertaking on the cutting edge in progress toward this shift. Recommendations for stakeholders in furthering food security within the government were identified. These include the development of food security policy alternatives for current government agendas in British Columbia, with a focus on health care funding, Aboriginal health and climate change.
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Zigante, Valentina. "Consumer choice, competition and privatisation in European health and long-term care systems : subjective well-being effects and equity implications." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/850/.
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Consumer choice has become a key reform trend in the provision of public services in Western European welfare states. Research on the welfare effects of choice reforms – including greater provider choice for the individual and competition between providers – has largely focused on economic evaluations of the extrinsic (outcome) effects of choice, thereby leaving its intrinsic, or procedural, value unexplored. The overarching objective of this thesis is to investigate the welfare effects of choice in the provision of health and long-term care (LTC) and their implications for equity. The thesis utilises the subjective well-being approach – incorporating both procedural and outcome utility from choice – to measure welfare effects based on quantitative analysis of survey data. Welfare effects and equity implications are examined in relation to: competition in health care in the English National Health System (NHS); choice of care package in the German long-term care system; and individual preferences and views of choice as a priority in the provision of health care in three NHS countries. The thesis argues that both service characteristics – extent of competition, information availability, technical complexity – and individual capabilities – ability to process information, capacity to manage transaction costs, availability of private support – influence the benefits that individuals derive from choice. Results suggest that choice policies have an overall positive welfare effect in both health and long-term care. However, while direct evidence of outcome improvements is found, the empirical analysis only finds indirect evidence of procedural utility. Middle class characteristics, primarily income and education, are found to have a positive influence on the benefits of choice, amounting to evidence of inequitable facets of choice policies. The middle class further exhibits preferences for choice over and above other characteristics of health care systems. Overall, this thesis advocates a holistic approach to the analysis of choice, incorporating its procedural value and paying particular attention to the equity implications of the choice situation, information processing and differences in available options as well as preferences for choice.
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Quispe, Cabanillas Rolando Eli. "Contaminação atmosferica na cidade de Campinas e a Edu-comunicação como proposta ambiental para politicas publicas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287554.
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Orientador: Arleude BortolozziDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa insere-se no âmbito da atual problemática ambiental urbana, mais especificamente, na contaminação atmosférica ou poluição do ar. Esta tem se agravado nas últimas décadas e passa a exigir estudos mais aprofundados, caracterizando-se como fator importante na busca da preservação do meio ambiente e de alternativas de desenvolvimento que possam diminuir o ritmo acelerado desta contaminação. Discute então, como os problemas de escalas globais podem ser analisados desde um estudo de escala local. Mostra que para saber quais são as causas e efeitos dos problemas ambientais, que envolvem os aspectos tanto social, cultural, econômico, como político, é necessária uma pesquisa sócio-espacial. A área do estudo é a cidade de Campinas, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, cuja população é de mais de um milhão de habitantes, decorrente principalmente do avanço tecnológico e industrial. Utilizando pequenas territorialidades, de escalas locais, procurou-se comparar dois bairros da Cidade de Campinas: Cambuí e Real Parque, muito diferentes nas suas condições sócio-espaciais. Nesse sentido, considerou-se importante averiguar como a contaminação do ar afeta a população desses bairros. O grande problema da poluição do ar, é que esta é ainda mais complexa em ambientes urbanos e suas conseqüências afetam sobretudo as relações dos homens entre si com a natureza. A pesquisa revelou que os dois bairros são afetados, independentemente das suas diferenças. Isto fica constatado na comparação das análises e entrevistas realizadas com os moradores, que afirmam estar enfrentando muitos problemas, principalmente com relação à saúde e ao clima. No final, a dissertação propõe a edu-comunicação sócio-ambiental para as políticas públicas como veículo de conhecimento e conscientização dos graves riscos à que estão exposto moradores e cidadãos. Sabe-se que a contaminação atmosférica afeta o mundo todo sem distinção de raça, cor, ou condições sociais, mas os mais afetados são geralmente aqueles que não tem as mínimas condições de fazer frente ao problema. Assim sendo, algumas sugestões de alternativas são propostas a fim de contribuir com a redução dos poluentes, mediante à re-educação dos moradores inseridos nas cidades. Isto, porque as pequenas partes afetam o todo e fazer nossa parte é tarefa de cidadania
Abstract: This research is inserted to the urban context of environmental problems in ours days, more specifically related to the city¿s air contamination or air pollution¿. This problem during the past decades, has been asking for deeper studies, revealing itself as a very important issue for improving urban environment and for a development able to help reduces the accelerated rythm of air pollution, as well. This research tries to discusses how global space¿s scales problems can be analyzed from the local¿s space scale. In order to recognize causes and consequences from environmental problem which involves different aspects such physical, economic, social, political and cultural needs , this work shows the need of a social space research. The study area is the city of Campinas, state o São Paulo -Brazil, which population reaches more than a million peoples, generated from urbanization, industrial and technological development. Using small territorialities of local scales, this work tried to compare two neighborhoods in Campinas, the Cambui and Real Park, very different from social conditions . In this sense, was important to detect how the air contamination is affecting those people. The great problem is that the air contamination is even worst and more complex in urban environment, that affects mostly the relationshisps between men and the nature. The results of this research showed that both neighborhoods has been affected. despite their differences. This is showed by the compared analysis and interviews with housekeepers that says they are fighting mostly against problems related to health and clime. The conclusion of this dissertation brings the ¿edu - comunication¿ as an environmental purpose, a mechanism to help clarify people and citizens about the risks they are exposed. The air contamination affects all the world without discriminating race, color, or social conditions, but generally the most affected are poorest people who doesn¿t have any condition to fight against it. So, some alternatives comes to the end trying to contribute reduces air pollution through urban people¿s re-education. That, because the small parts affects the total, and do our part is our citizens¿s roll
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
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Mulonya, Rodrick K. A. R. "The political economy of development aid: an investigation of three donor-funded HIV/AIDS programmes broadcast by Malawi television from 2004 to 2007." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002926.
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Development aid in most of the developing countries can sometimes compromise the principles of public service broadcasting (PSB). This may be true when reflected against the tension between donor financed programmes in Malawi and the mandate of Television Malawi (TVM). Although the donor intentions are noble, the strings attached to the funding are sometimes retrogressive to the role of PSBs. A case in point is how donors dictate terms on the HIV/Aids communication strategies at TVM. Producers receive money from donors with strings attached on how the money should be used and accounted for. If producers deviate they are sanctioned through withholding funding, shifting schedules and reducing the funding frequency. The donors also dictate who to interview on what subject, how to conduct capacity building. Some scholars have researched much on the impact of commercialisation of the media. This study is a departure from these traditional interferences; it interrogates the interest of philanthropy tendencies by international donors in the three chosen HIV/Aids programmes broadcast by TVM. The study investigates the extent of pressure exerted by donors on the producers of HIV/Aids programmes in Malawi. Thus, the study seeks to illicit specifics in the power relationship between the donor and the producer hence the study employs the political economy of development aid as applied to the public service broadcasting and communication for development. The study employed qualitative research methods and techniques (in-depth interviews, case study and document analysis). The study reveals how donor ideologies dominate the Aids messages-content output of the texts constructed. The study argues that cultural alienation of the Malawian audiences retards efforts of donors in combating HIV infection rate.
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Karlsbakk, A. "Patents versus patients : global governance and the role of civil society in South Africa's quest for affordable drugs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50414.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is an explanatory study into civil society's increased influence in global governance. More specifically this situation is examined by looking at the generic medicine debate that came in the wake of the passing of the Medicines and Related Substances Act by the South African government in 1997. This debate gained worldwide attention and touched some of the prevailing inequalities between the developed world and the developing world in our globalised society. The research question that is addressed here is to what extent did civil society influence the signing of the Doha Declaration of the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health by the members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001? In doing so, this thesis looks at the role of the US government, the South African government, the pharmaceutical industry, the WTO's TRIPS Agreement and civil society in the form of nongovernmental organisations like Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), Oxfam and Medecines Sans Frontieres (MSF). The study applies a constructivist approach in order to analyse how civil society used global advocacy networks to inform and communicate the normative concerns regarding South Africa and developing countries' lack of access to HIVand AIDS drugs. Moreover, it examines how civil society's use of moral authority challenged the regulative power of the WTO. The study concludes that civil society played a vital role in influencing the WTO member states' decision to sign the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health. However, it was not only civil society's ability to set the agenda concerning the HIV/AIDS pandemic, but also the content of the normative concerns themselves that help explain its success. Consequently, the study further concludes that civil society's success in this specific case must be seen in light of its growing influence in challenging global governance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n verduidelikende studie van die burgerlike samelewing se groeiende invloed in globale regering. Hierdie situasie word meer spesifiek ondersoek deur te kyk na die generiese medisyne debat wat gevoer is na die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering die Medisyne en Verwante Stowwe Wet van 1997 goedgekeur het. Hierdie debat het wêreldwye aandag geniet en het geraak aan sommige van die bestaande ongelykhede wat daar heers tussen die ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende wêreld in die geglobaliseerde samelewing. Die navorsingsvraag wat hier aangespreek word is tot watter mate die burgerlike samelewing die ondertekening van die Doha Verklaring van die TRIPS Ooreenkoms en Publieke Gesondheid deur lede van die Wêreld Handelsorganisasie (WHO) in 2001 beïnvloed het. Deur dit te doen, sal hierdie tesis kyk na die rol van die Amerikaanse regering, die Suid- Afrikaanse regering, die farmaseutiese bedryf, die WHO se TRIPS Ooreenkoms en die burgerlike samelewing in die vorm van nie-regerings organisasies soos die Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), Oxfam en Medecines Sans Frontieres (MSF). Die studie maak gebruik van 'n konstruktiwistiese benadering om 'n analise te doen van hoe die burgerlike samelewing globale ondersteunings netwerke gebruik het om die normatiewe besorgdhede wat heers oor die tekorte in Suid-Afrika en die ontwikkelende lande ten opsigte van toegang tot MIV en VIGS medisyne, toe te lig en te verkondig. Verder ondersoek die studie hoe die gebruik deur die burgerlike samelewing van morele gesag die regulerende mag van die WHO uitgedaag het. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die bugerlike samelewing 'n uiters belangrike rol gespeel het in die WHO lidlande se besluit om die Doha Verklaring van die TRIPS Ooreenkoms en Publieke Gesondheid te onderteken. Dit was egter nie net die burgerlike samelewing se vermoë om die agenda daar te stel ten opsigte van die MIV/VIGS pandemie nie, maar ook die inhoud van die normatiewe besorgdhede self wat bygedra het om hierdie sukses te verduidelik. Gevolglik kom die studie tot die verdere gevolgtrekking dat die burgerlike samelewing se sukses in hierdie spesifieke geval gesien kan word in die lig van sy groeiende invloed in die uitdaging van globale mag en gesag.
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Tsampiras, Carla Zelda. "Politics, polemics and practice: a history of narratives about, and responses to, AIDS in South Africa, 1980-1995." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001653.
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The ongoing urgency of addressing AIDS in South Africa has kept academics and activists focussed primarily on the immediate crises of AIDS ‘in the present’. This thesis, covering the period 1980 – 1995, examines narratives about, and responses to, AIDS ‘in the past’ and explores the interplay between these narratives and elites in medical and political communities trying to address AIDS during a period of political transition. The thesis begins by examining the hegemonic medico-scientific narratives about AIDS that featured in the South African Medical Journal, an important site of enquiry as AIDS was primarily conceived of as a ‘medical issue’. The SAMJ narratives, which often relied on constructed ‘AIDS avatars’, framed understandings of the syndrome and influenced responses to it by medical and political communities. The first community that the thesis explores is the African National Congress (ANC) in exile, which had to address AIDS in exile communities and prepare health strategies for ‘the new South Africa’. Secondly, the thesis analyses government responses to AIDS and argues that four phases of response can be identified. These phases were characterised by minimum concerns about obtaining information and providing health advice; efforts to gather infection data while exploiting political and public fear; attempts to extend health education and (belatedly) encourage broader engagement; and finally, consultative, democratic ideals. The thesis then examines the National Medical and Dental Association (NAMDA) a progressive medical organisation that worked with the ANC on influential health (and AIDS) strategies. NAMDA members ‘crossed over’ between various medical and political communities and both reinforced and challenged hegemonic AIDS narratives. Finally, the thesis moves from the abstract, via the practical, to the personal and concludes with a detailed account of the experiences of two sexuality activists at the intersections of these communities and narratives. By focussing on these medical and political communities, and analysing the relationships between these communities, the existing AIDS narratives, and individuals, the thesis also reveals the constructions of morality, ‘race’, gender, and sexuality that infused them. In doing this it shows how polemic and politics combined to influence practical responses to, and personal experiences of, AIDS.
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Weinstein, Philip. "Changing representations of mosquito borne disease risk in Reunion." University of Western Australia. European Languages and Studies Discipline Group. French Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0174.
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[Truncated abstract] In March 2005, the Indian Ocean island of Reunion, a former colony and now overseas department of France, saw the first cases of what was to become a massive epidemic of the mosquito borne viral infection Chikungunya. More than 250,000 people, one third of the Island's population, were subject to high fevers, rash, and joint and muscle pains over the next 18 months, yet the public health authorities in metropolitan France were arguably slow to take the epidemic seriously. The research presented here explores attitudes underlying the management of the epidemic by examining both metropolitan and local representations of mosquito borne disease from historical, epidemiological and media perspectives. The research seeks to answer the general question Does colonial history continue to influence the representation and management of mosquito borne disease in Reunion? Three parallel approaches are taken to answering this question, using a common framework of tropicality (a Western discourse that exalts the temperate world over its tropical counterpart, and overlaps with colonialism and orientalism). ... Several factors are likely to have contributed to the persistence of tropicality in public health practice in Reunion: Othering as a universal phenomenon; the cost of administering interventions to combat tropical diseases in the remote environments of French overseas departments and territories; the denial of a serious public health risk as a cultural trait in Reunion; and the significant role of the colonies in forming and maintaining the French national identity. It has to be acknowledged that historically, tropicalism does appear to have played one positive role in the management of mosquito borne disease:
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Sial, Vanessa Viviane de Castro. "Das igrejas ao cemiterio : politicas publicas sobre a morte no Recife do Seculo XIX." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/330300.
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Orientador: Sidney ChalhoubDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa, a partir do projeto de construção do Cemitério Público Bom Jesus da Redenção no Recife do século XIX, como se deram as transformações dos costumes fúnebres, mediante a imposição de normas sanitárias relacionadas às práticas funerárias tradicionais, que eram entendidas pelos médicos higienistas como um dos fatores de propagação das epidemias. Neste sentido, os cemitérios extramuros desencadearam novas práticas culturais e adaptações nas atitudes diante da morte. Os médicos higienistas, que influenciaram decisivamente na elaboração e aprovação destas normas sanitárias pelo poder público, acreditavam que os corpos cadavéricos eram possíveis focos de emanações miasmáticas, sendo agentes de grande poder de infecção do ar, causadores de toda sorte de epidemias na cidade. A proibição dos sepultamentos nas igrejas gerou múltiplos pontos de discussão e conflitos na sociedade recifense do século XIX, assim como ocorreu em várias outras cidades brasileiras: dentro do poder público, na elaboração de leis e regulamentos para as novas práticas fúnebres, como também na população, que viu suas crenças mais íntimas ameaçadas, sobretudo entre membros de irmandades religiosas e os emergentes comerciantes dos novos serviços mortuários. Ademais, o estudo das transformações dos costumes fúnebres foi fundamental para a compreensão do conflito entre a Igreja e o Estado na segunda metade do século XIX, sobretudo pela negação da Igreja em conceber o direito dos não-católicos a serem sepultados nos cemitérios públicos, interpretados como elementos decisivos no processo de secularização da morte no Brasil oitocentista
Abstract: From the study of the construction project of the Public Cemetery Bom Jesus da Redenção, in the XIXth century Recife, this work analyses how the traditional funerary customs were modified after the imposed new sanitary norms. In this sense, the outdoor cemeteries triggered new cultural practices and new adapted attitudes related to death. The hygienist physicians, decisively influencing the elaboration and approval of these norms by the public authorities, believed that the dead bodies were possible focuses of miasmatic emanations, becoming powerful infectious agents of the air, and sources of all possible epidemies in the city. The prohibition of burials inside churches originated many arguments and conflicts in the Recife's society of the XIX century, as also happened in other Brazilian cities: into the public authority, in the elaboration of laws and regulations regarding the new burial practices, as well as in the population, that perceived as menaced its most intimate burial practices, mostly between those belonging to religious fraternities and emerging dealers of the new funereal services. Besides, the study of the transformations of the funereal customs was fundamental to the understanding of the conflict between Church and State in the second half of the XIX century, mostly because of the Church refusal in accept the right of the non-catholic to be buried in the public cemeteries, viewed as decisive elements for the secularization of the death in the eighteenth century Brazil
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História
Books on the topic "Public health – Political aspects"
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US health politics: Public policy and political theory. Brookfield, VT: Avebury, 1990.
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Bonabom, Isidore. Health and human rights in Ghana: The political and economic aspects of health care. Champaign, Illinois, USA: Common Ground, 2014.
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Public health: Policy and politics. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 2000.
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Spain, Woltring Carol, Fox Daniel M, and Milbank Memorial Fund, eds. Public health leaders tell their stories. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1997.
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Health for some: The political economy of global health governance. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
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National, Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism (2nd 2000 Washington D. C. ). The second National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism: Public health emergency and national security threat. Cary, NC: published in collaboration with the Association of Schools of Public Health by Oxford University Press, 2001.
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Panisset, Ulysses B. International health statecraft: Foreign policy and public health in Peru's cholera epidemic. Lanham [Md.]: University Press of America, 2000.
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What makes health public?: A critical evaluation of moral, legal, and political claims in public health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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Health, civilization, and the state: A history of public health from ancient to modern times. London: Routledge, 1999.
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J, Litman Theodor, and Robins Leonard S, eds. Health politics and policy. 3rd ed. Albany: Delmar Publishers, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Public health – Political aspects"
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Solberg, Berge. "The Ethics of Health Promotion: From Public Health to Health Care." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 23–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_3.
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AbstractHealth promotion is often been associated with altering social arrangement in order to improve the health of citizens—the domain of public health. Ethical aspects of health promotion then is generally discussed in terms of a public health ethics. In this chapter, I start out with some classical ethical and political dilemmas of health promotion in public health before I move into the ethics of health promotion in health care. I argue that empowerment, better than any other value, may serve as the ethical foundation for health promotion in health care. I further claim that empowerment may serve as the ethical bridge between health promotion in health care and health promotion in public health.
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Auerbach, Judith D., and Courtney Mulhern-Pearson. "Political Challenges to Mounting and Sustaining a Public Health Response to HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries." In Public Health Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle Income Countries, 171–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72711-0_9.
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Goddard, Jerome. "Regulatory, Political, and Legal Challenges." In Public Health Entomology, 109–25. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003120087-6.
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Dew, Kevin, Anne Scott, and Allison Kirkman. "Promoting Public Health." In Social, Political and Cultural Dimensions of Health, 215–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31508-9_15.
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Boelaert, Marleen, Sakib Burza, and Gustavo Romero. "Control and Public Health Aspects." In The Leishmaniases: Old Neglected Tropical Diseases, 227–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72386-0_10.
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Sheldon, T. A., and S. L. Ibbotson. "Public Health Aspects of Subfertility." In Infertility, 399–420. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1962-3_28.
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Lorenzi, Nancy M., and Robert T. Riley. "Negotiating the Political Minefields." In Organizational Aspects of Health Informatics, 162–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4184-1_9.
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Taylor, Monica M. "Rural Health Disparities: The Political Economy." In SpringerBriefs in Public Health, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73537-5_1.
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Lavanty, Donald F. "Pre-Medicare." In Political Aspects of Health Care, 1–12. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40283-7_1.
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Lavanty, Donald F. "The Federal Government Enters the Healthcare Field." In Political Aspects of Health Care, 13–22. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40283-7_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Public health – Political aspects"
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Misheva, Kristina, and Marija Ampovska. "THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF TELEHEALTH." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22436.
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Telehealth seems to be the new normal in this fast-changing environment. According to the European Commission eHealth was among the highest priorities before the COVID -19 pandemic. Transformation of health and care in the digital single market is among the EU`s six political priorities of the Commission 2019-2024 (2018 Communication on Digital Health and Care). The pandemic caused by COVID-19 just accelerates the necessity of the inclusion of digital health into the traditional healthcare systems. Telehealth services are among the biggest eHealth trends in EU. Therefore, one of the challenges is the national, regional and regulatory priorities regarding telehealth. There is lack of telehealth special legislative and governmental policies that needs to stimulate the developing and innovative solutions in medicine through technology and to envisage the upcoming innovation technology. Therefore, the government support and adequate policy making is important to support the development of the telehealth services. One of the main challenges is the electronic transactions of patient data among the telehealth providers and services and the cross-border patient data share. Another issue is the exchange of information among the national health institutions and providers and their interoperability. The Macedonian legislation does not have special legislation (policies, or laws) about telehealth. Telehealth is regulated as a term in the Law on health protection. Additionally, there is a lack of national acts, literature, and research in this subject matter. Thus, this paper will explore the telehealth from two main perspectives: scientific theories and legal practice and the users’ practice. Hence, this paper will analyze the legislation about the telehealth on the EU level and the EU Member States and the Macedonian legislation and the impact on the e-health that was made during COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it will make comparative analyses among different countries into the EU zone compared with the EU aspirant country- the Republic of North Macedonia. A survey conducted among doctors in private and public healthcare institutions in the primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels in the city of Stip and in the city of Skopje will provide data about the challenges, risks, and trends in telehealth before and during COVID -19.
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Gajić, Aleksandar V. "FACING REALITY: A NEED TO CHANGE THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE EU PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 ON THE PERCEPTION OF IDENTITY AND THE ROLE OF THE EU." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22434.
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The main aim of this article is to highlight two interconnected issues raised in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first one concerns a need to change the EU Health Policy legal framework, particularly the founding treaties (TEU and TFEU), while the second one relates to the issue of the very perception of the identity of the European Union. The possible adequate solution for the situation created by the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and unprecedented measures that followed, was to proclaim state of emergency, which was largely avoided. It seems that it should be considered whether there is a need for amendments of the European Union founding treaties and/or the Charter on Fundamental Rights by providing the possibility of the state of emergency proclamation in the case of “the threats of the life” of the EU. The European Union is not entrusted with the competencies, powers, and responsibilities in health matters such as a pandemic, however founding treaties, functioning institutions as well as procedures seem sufficient for an effective response to health crises such as the one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, having in mind experience with the COVID-19 pandemic it seems that there is a need to strengthen the EU legal framework concerning the issues of pandemic and similar threats, not by altering the nature of the EU competence regarding health issues, but by identifying the threats such as pandemic in the founding treaties that should contain basic regulations concerning European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. In that manner the efficient response would be in a form of an institutionalized mechanism at the core of the European Union instead of being fully dependent on the variable political will. At the same time there is an urgent need to identify those Health Policy issues that should be an adequate subject of judicial scrutiny. The COVID-19 pandemic also proved that Member States and the European Union should be more realistic regarding the perception of the role and identity of the European Union. The author argues that the identity of the European Union is blurred with a variety of considerations and that its content and features should be more determined, not only in academic literature but also in political practice, especially when it comes to the issue of self-determination of the European Union. The world is not the same as it was before the pandemic, and it seems that the European Union, in order to be prepared to face new challenges, must build its identity in realistic parameters and act in one voice “if it wants to make itself heard and play its proper rôle in the world”, as it was declared in the 1973 Declaration on the European Identity.
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Mohitpour, M., G. Von Bassenheim, and Ardean Braun. "Route Selection for Project Success: Addressing “Feeling/Perception” Issues." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2012.
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Selecting a route for a pipeline right-of-way (ROW) generally consists of engineering (technical and economic), socioeconomic and biophysical components. To effectively select a route, simultaneous consideration must be given to all the components from the initiation of a project to the integration of all aspects of each throughout the route selection process. To successfully select a route which creates a win-win situation for all the stakeholders of a pipeline project, political/governmental issues, community and land owner views, public perceptions and other similar controlling factors (such as Safety, Health, Environment and Risk (SHER)) must be carefully analyzed and integrated into the process. It is the consideration of all these issues that will lead to a ROW which will provide a technically acceptable solution, which is at the same time the least expensive, economically viable and acceptable to the community it traverses. This paper will provide an overview of route selection techniques (including new technologies) used and the process generally practiced by pipeline designers, highlighting controlling issues and optimization methods that need to be utilized in order to achieve a cost effective route selection. It provides details on significant “Feeling/Perception” issues that can either thwart or, by careful consideration of these issues, lead to a successful pipeline project. An example of such a route selection process will be provided on a project located in rough and mountainous terrain, that has significant regulatory/governmental, land, environmental, indigenous and geological issues.
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Possoly da Silva Alves, Daianne, Franciele Therezinha Magno Calidoni, Mariana Sales de Oliveira, Thaís Araújo de Azevedo, Thalissa Bastos Batista, Rafaela Pinheiro de Almeida Neves, and Edson Ribeiro de Andrade. "The psychosocial impacts of remote education on black youth: an intersectional debate on the COVID-19 pandemic, gender, race and class." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212452.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has moved scientists from different areas of knowledge worldwide to bring reflections on the impacts caused by it, whose scope goes beyond human health in its physical and psychological aspects and affects the economy, politics, social relations at work, the educational system, etc. Therefore, this project, promoted by the Laboratory for the Study of Stigmatization Processes (LEPE) in partnership with the Racism Studies Line (LER) of the Psychology Course of the Higher Education Institutes at CENSA -ISECENSA, aims to promote the debate on the psychosocial effects of remote education on black youth, through an intersectional analysis between Covid-19 pandemic, gender, race and class. The objective of this research is to understand the ways in which black youth was affected in the psychosocial dimension with the establishment of remote education in the public state network with the Covid-19 pandemic. This is an exploratory research, in which a bibliographic review will be carried out to support the researchers' views on the proposed theme, using books and scientific articles on social psychology, remote education in the Covid-19 pandemic, racism and intersectionality. Besides field research, using the semi-structured interview technique. We intend to conduct group interviews, through Google Meet, with black students graduating from Liceu de Humanidades de Campos high school and from other public schools.. We hope to foster the discussion on structural racism that affects the Brazilian society focusing on the psychosocial vulnerability of black youth in the face of remote education established by the Covid-19 pandemic, and, finally, to publish two scientific articles in “Revista Perspectivas Online” with the obtained results
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Hresko, M. "PATOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MENOPAUSE." In PUBLIC COMMUNICATION IN SCIENCE: PHILOSOPHICAL, CULTURAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND IT CONTEXT. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/15.05.2020.v3.02.
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Polyvanov, Yehor. "IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND TREATMENT-PREVENTIVE NUTRITION." In PUBLIC COMMUNICATION IN SCIENCE: PHILOSOPHICAL, CULTURAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND IT CONTEXT, Chair Oleksii Horpynych and Nataliia Kondratiuk. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/15.05.2020.v5.30.
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Changhong, Li. "Exploration of Ideological and Political Education in Public Health Emergency." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Language and Art (ICELA 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220131.181.
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Dai, Lei. "Cultural Transfer in Political Publicity Interpreting." In Third International Conference on Social Science, Public Health and Education (SSPHE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200205.006.
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Salnikova, O. F., and O. V. Kapshtyk. "Analysis of legal mechanisms of public administration military and political aspects of security." In INFLUENCE OF EUROPEANIZATION ON PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE. Baltija Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-249-4-15.
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MacKenzie, Ellen J. "The Public Health Impact of Lower Extremity Trauma." In Symposium on Biomechanics and Medical Aspects of Lower Limb Injuries. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/861932.
Full textReports on the topic "Public health – Political aspects"
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Coelho Resende, Noelle, Renata Weber, Jardel Fischer Loeck, Mathias Vaiano Glens, Carolina Gomes, Priscila Farfan Barroso, Janine Targino, Emerson Elias Merhy, Leandro Dominguez Barretto, and Carly Machado. Working Paper Series: Therapeutic Communities in Brazil. Edited by Taniele Rui and Fiore Mauricio. Drugs, Security and Democracy Program, Social Science Research Council, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/ssrc.2081.d.2021.
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Spread across Brazil and attaining an unparalleled political force, therapeutic communities are as inescapable in the debate on drug policy as they are complex to define. Although they are not a Brazilian creation, they have been operating in that country for decades, and their dissemination intensified in the 1990s. In 2011, they were officially incorporated into Brazil's Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, or RAPS). Since then, therapeutic communities have been at the center of public debates about their regulation; about how they should—or even if they should—be a part of the healthcare system; about the level of supervision to which they should be submitted; about their sources of funding, particularly whether or not they should have access to public funding; and, most importantly, about the quality of the services they offer and the many reports of rights violation that have been made public. However, a well-informed public debate can only flourish if the available information is based on sound evidence. The SSRC’s Drugs, Security and Democracy Program is concerned with the policy relevance of the research projects it supports, and the debate around therapeutic communities in Brazil points to a clear need for impartial research that addresses different cross-cutting aspects of this topic in its various dimensions: legal, regulatory, health, and observance of human rights, among others. It is in this context that we publish this working paper series on therapeutic communities in Brazil. The eight articles that compose this series offer a multidisciplinary view of the topic, expanding and deepening the existing literature and offering powerful contributions to a substantive analysis of therapeutic communities as instruments of public policy. Although they can be read separately, it is as a whole that the strength of the eight articles that make up this series becomes more evident. Even though they offer different perspectives, they are complementary works in—and already essential for—delineating and understanding the phenomenon of therapeutic communities in Brazil.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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Merten, Martina, Susann Roth, and Fazilah Shaik Allaudin. Public Health Innovations for COVID-19: Finding, Trusting, and Scaling Innovation. Asian Development Bank, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200283-2.
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The public and private sector, civil society, and academic institutions have developed many innovative solutions to manage public health aspects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Innovators have focused on tools for surveillance, supply chain management, clinical trials, diagnosis, communication, and developing vaccines. These have been supplemented by research collaboration platforms, isolation and hospital upgrading novelties, as well as risk stratification resources. This paper provides an overview of these solutions to enhance the evidence-based application of innovative public health approaches. The author’s also propose that a “living platform” for sharing public health innovations is developed.
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Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.
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We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.
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Racu, Alexandru. The Romanian Orthodox Church and Its Attitude towards the Public Health Measures Imposed during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Too Much for Some, Too Little for Others. Analogia 17 (2023), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/17-3-racu.
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This paper discusses the religious dimension of the public debate concerning the public health measures adopted by the Romanian authorities during the pandemic and focuses on the role played by the Romanian Orthodox Church within this context. It delineates the different camps that were formed within the Church in this regard and traces their evolution throughout the pandemic. It contextualizes the position of the Church in order to better understand it, placing it within the broader context of the Romanian society during the pandemic and integrating it within the longer history of post-communist relations between the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Romanian state and the Romanian civil society. It analyses the political impact of the public health measures and the role of the Church in shaping this impact. Finally, starting from the Romanian experience of the pandemic and from the ideological, theological and political disputes that it has generated within the Romanian public sphere, it develops some general conclusions regarding the relation between faith, science and politics whose relevance, if proven valid, surpasses the Romanian context and thus contributes to a more ecumenical discussion regarding the theological, pastoral and political lessons that can be learned from an otherwise tragic experience.
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Romero, Antonio. The Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement and relations between European Union and Cuba. Fundación Carolina, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff01en.
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This document makes an assessment of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) between Cuba and the European Union (EU) in its four years of validity, and of the evolution of political and economic relations between both parties. The analysis is structured in five headings that address the background, determinants and significance of the PDCA between Cuba and the EU; the main elements discussed in the political dialogue —and in thematic dialogue— between the two parties since 2018, and the central aspects of trade, investment and cooperation relations between Cuba and the EU. The report concludes that, unlike the United States, the EU is able to support the complex process of economic and institutional transformations underway in Cuba, in four fundamental areas: i) technical assistance and advice for the design and implementation of public policies, macroeconomic management, decentralisation and local development; ii) cooperation to fight climate change and transform Cuba’s productive and technological structure; iii) the promotion and encouragement of foreign investment flows from Europe, targeting key productive sectors; and iv) the exploration of financial opportunities for Cuba through the European Investment Bank (EIB) under the current PDCA.
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Haider, Huma. Fostering a Democratic Culture: Lessons for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.131.
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Political culture is the values, beliefs, and emotions that members of a society express about the political regime and their role in it (Pickering, 2022, p. 5). Norms, values, attitudes and practices considered integral to a “culture of democracy”, according to the Council of Europe, include: a commitment to public deliberation, discussion, and the free expression of opinions; a commitment to electoral rules; the rule of law; and the protection of minority rights; peaceful conflict resolution. The consolidation of democracy involves not only institutional change, but also instilling a democratic culture in a society (Balčytienė, 2021). Research on democratic consolidation in various countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) finds that a key impediment to consolidation is the persistence of old, authoritarian political culture that undermines political and civic participation. This rapid review looks at aspects of democratic culture and potential ways to foster it, focusing on educational initiatives and opportunities for civic action — which comprise much of the literature on developing the values, attitudes and behaviours of democracy. Discussion on the strengthening of democratic institutions or assistance to electoral processes is outside the scope of the report.
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Khan, Mahreen. Public Financial Management and Transitioning out of Aid. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.145.
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This rapid review found an absence of literature focused specifically on measuring the impact of PFM and governance systems in countries that have transitioned from aid, by moving up the income ladder. However, there are a few academic publications and a limited number of studies by multilateral, such as the World Bank, that examine the role of PFM and governance systems in countries that are transitioning or have moved away from aid. However, the importance of public financial management (PFM) and governance systems in development is well established and seen as a pre-requisite for economic growth. To effectively transition from aid, most low-income countries (LICs) need to upgrade their PFM and governance systems to meet the different scale, resources, accountability mechanisms, and capacity-building requirements of a middle-income country (MIC). The absence of the above empirical evidence may be due to the complexity of measuring the impact of PFM reforms as the results are non-linear, difficult to isolate from other policies to establish causality, and manifest in a longer time frame. However, through comparative country studies, the consequences of deficient PFM and governance have been well documented. So impaired budgetary planning, implementation, and reporting, limited fiscal transparency, weak accountability mechanisms, resource leakage, and inefficient service delivery are well recognised as detrimental to economic growth and development. The literature on transitioning countries focuses predominantly on the impact of aid withdrawal on the social sector, where comparative qualitative data is easier to obtain and the effects are usually more immediate, visible, and may even extend to global health outcomes, such as in AIDS prevention programmes. Thus, tracking the progress of donor-assisted social sector programmes is relatively easier than for PFM and governance reforms. The literature is more abundant on the overall lessons of transitions from aid both for country governments and donors. The key lessons underscore the importance of PFM and governance systems and mechanisms to a successful transition up the income ladder: Planning for transition should be strategic, detailed and specifically geared to mitigate against risks, explicitly assessing the best mix of finance options to mitigate the impact of aid reduction/withdrawal on national budgets. The plan must be led by a working group or ministry and have timelines and milestones; Where PFM and governance is weak transition preparation should include strengthening PFM especially economic and fiscal legislation, administration, and implementation; Stakeholders such as donor partners (DPs) and NGOs should participate in the planning process with clear, open, and ongoing communication channels; Political and economic assessments in the planning and mid-term phases as well as long-term monitoring and evaluation should be instituted; Build financial, technical, and management capacity throughout the plan implementation This helpdesk report draws on academic, policy, and grey sources from the previous seven years rather than the usual K4D five-year window, to account for the two-year disruption of COVID-19. As cross-country studies on PFM and governance are scarce, a few older studies are also referenced to ensure a comprehensive response to the query. The report focuses on low-income countries transitioning from aid due to a change in status to lower-middle-income countries.
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White, William. What Next for the Post Covid Global Economy: Could Negative Supply Shocks Disrupt Other Fragile Systems? Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp199.
Full textAbstract:
There is a reasonable likelihood that that the next global economic crisis could threaten the future of democracy. The economic system is a complex, adaptive system (CAS) subject to “tipping points” when underlying stresses lead to crisis. Moreover, the economic system is nested within a number of other CAS; political, environmental and public health among others. Looking forward, recurrent negative supply shocks imply a dangerous future of higher real interest rates and debt distress leading to either deflation (private debt distress) or higher inflation (sovereign debt distress). Such problems could threaten democratic political systems that are already showing signs of significant stress themselves. The paper finishes with some reflections on policy alternatives.
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Ripoll, Santiago, Jennifer Cole, Olivia Tulloch, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Tabitha Hrynick. SSHAP: 6 Ways to Incorporate Social Context and Trust in Infodemic Management. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.001.
Full textAbstract:
Information epidemiology or infodemiology is the study of infodemics - defined by the World Health Organization as an overabundance of information, some accurate and some not, that occurs during a pandemic or other significant event that may impact public health. Infodemic management is the practice of infodemiology and may sit within the risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) pillar of a public health response. However, it is relevant to all aspects of preparedness and response, including the development and evaluation of interventions. Social scientists have much to contribute to infodemic management as, while it must be data and evidence driven, it must also be built on a thorough understanding of affected communities in order to develop participatory approaches, reinforce local capacity and support local solutions.