Relevant bibliographies by topics / Public health laws – England

Academic literature on the topic 'Public health laws – England'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Public health laws – England"

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Hawkins, Summer Sherburne, Janet Chung-Hall, Lorraine Craig, Geoffrey T. Fong, Ron Borland, K. Michael Cummings, David Levy, and Sara C. Hitchman. "Support for Minimum Legal Sales Age Laws Set to Age 21 Across Australia, Canada, England, and United States: Findings From the 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 12 (July 1, 2020): 2266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa119.

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Abstract Introduction Although the United States has seen a rapid increase in tobacco minimum legal sales age (MLSA) laws set to age 21, there is wide variation across high-income countries and less is known about policy support outside of the United States. We examined the prevalence of support for tobacco MLSA 21 laws as well as associations by sociodemographic, smoking, and household characteristics among current and former adult smokers. Methods In this cross-sectional analysis, we used the 2018 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey to examine support for MLSA 21 laws among 12 904 respondents from Australia, Canada, England, and United States. Results Support for raising the legal age of purchasing cigarettes/tobacco to 21 ranged from 62.2% in the United States to 70.8% in Canada. Endorsement also varied by age, such that 40.6% of 18–20 years old supported the policy compared with 69.3% of those aged ≥60 years. In the adjusted regression model, there was also higher support among respondents who were female than male, non-white than white, those who did not allow smoking in the household than those that did, and those who had children in the household than those that did not. There were no differences by household income, education, or smoking status. Conclusions Most current and former smokers, including a sizable minority of those aged ≤20 years, support raising the legal age of purchasing cigarettes/tobacco to 21. Implications There was strong support for MLSA 21 laws among smokers and former smokers across Australia, Canada, England, and the United States, providing evidence for the increasing public support of the passage of these laws beyond the United States.
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Watterson, Andrew, and William Dinan. "Lagging and Flagging: Air Pollution, Shale Gas Exploration and the Interaction of Policy, Science, Ethics and Environmental Justice in England." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 4320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124320.

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The science on the effects of global climate change and air pollution on morbidity and mortality is clear and debate now centres around the scale and precise contributions of particular pollutants. Sufficient data existed in recent decades to support the adoption of precautionary public health policies relating to fossil fuels including shale exploration. Yet air quality and related public health impacts linked to ethical and environmental justice elements are often marginalized or missing in planning and associated decision making. Industry and government policies and practices, laws and planning regulations lagged well behind the science in the United Kingdom. This paper explores the reasons for this and what shaped some of those policies. Why did shale gas policies in England fail to fully address public health priorities and neglect ethical and environmental justice concerns. To answer this question, an interdisciplinary analysis is needed informed by a theoretical framework of how air pollution and climate change are largely discounted in the complex realpolitik of policy and regulation for shale gas development in England. Sources, including official government, regulatory and planning documents, as well as industry and scientific publications are examined and benchmarked against the science and ethical and environmental justice criteria. Further, our typology illustrates how the process works drawing on an analysis of official policy documents and statements on planning and regulatory oversight of shale exploration in England, and material from industry and their consultants relating to proposed shale oil and gas development. Currently the oil, gas and chemical industries in England continue to dominate and influence energy and feedstock-related policy making to the detriment of ethical and environmental justice decision making with significant consequences for public health.
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Zgoba, Kristen M., and Devin Cowan. "Sexual Offense Legislation Across the Pond: A Review of Community Sentiment Toward the United Kingdom’s Implementation of Sarah’s Law." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 476–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219847671.

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Within both the United States and the United Kingdom, laws have been implemented that govern the behavior of individuals convicted of certain sexually based offenses. Thus, research has naturally gravitated toward examining the public perceptions of these laws. Although both the United States and United Kingdom have laws regarding convicted sex offenders, and although these laws vary, research into the perceptions of these laws has largely been concentrated within the United States. The current study seeks to fill this gap through a survey of U.K. residents that assesses their perceptions of the implementation of Sarah’s Law. Respondents were gathered through convenience sampling methods in both Bristol and London, England ( n = 140). Overall, respondents were fairly supportive of Sarah’s Law and its current implementation. However, as opposed to respondents in the United States, U.K. respondents were also open to the idea of providing a degree of privacy to convicted sex offenders and were more tolerant of sexual offenders living near them. Finally, age, race, and parental status of the respondents were found to be statistically significant predictors among four identified dependent variables testing support of the law. Implications from these results are discussed, and a direction for future comparative research is highlighted.
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Pitts, John. "Responding to youth gangs in England: a public health model?" Journal of Children's Services 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-02-2019-0010.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider youth gangs and county lines with reference to the current drive for a public health response to these issues. Design/methodology/approach This viewpoint paper traces the development of gang and serious youth violence responses in England, exploring the shift from a punitive to safeguarding response to young people affected by these issues. Findings Drawing on the learning from both Scotland and the USA, this paper considers the relevance of a public health model to responding to youth gangs and county lines, highlighting the key facets of such an approach. Originality/value This paper provides a historical context to the issues surrounding previous responses to youth gangs and goes on to consider the practicalities and relevance of a public health model response.
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Bach, Tracy. "Protecting Human Health and Stewarding the Environment: An Essay Exploring Values in U.S. Environmental Protection Law." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 3.2 (2014): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.3.2.protecting.

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The purpose of this conference is to explore “the relationship between environmental protection and public health and how it should inform our efforts to become better stewards of the environment.” No one would disagree with the assertion that during the last forty years of federal environmental protection, air and water quality have improved and led to concomitant improvements in human health. Exploring the contours of this “relationship,” Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Gina McCarthy said in her keynote speech that “[t]he thing is, the word ‘relationship’ is too neutral. The link between the health of our planet and the health of our families is inextricable. The quality of our environment dictates the quality of our well-being, and our lives.” An article in the New England Journal of Medicine—a publication aimed at clinicians and not public health practitioners or environmental regulators— affirms the Administrator’s assertion about the environment-human health relationship: based on four decades of air quality monitoring mandated by the Clean Air Act, U.S. life span has increased by 0.4 to 0.8 years due to government-mandated reductions in particulate matter. By setting human health-based standards prescribed by legislative language and then enforcing them, environmental protection has clearly improved human health by limiting the amount of pollution that may enter our natural environment. With this starting premise, our panel contributes to the conference discussion by focusing on the ethical underpinnings of why we enact laws to protect, conserve, and restore the environment. These environmental values, usually characterized as human-centrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism, separate the human, fauna, and flora at play when making law to protect “the environment.” To debate whether the current public healthbased approach in U.S. environmental law strikes the right balance between protecting humans and the environment that surrounds us, our panel was specifically asked: “Should environmental laws focus even more than they already do on public health benefits, so that we might reclaim bi-partisan support for environmental protection efforts? Or have we focused on human health to the detriment of preserving bio-diversity and healthy ecosystems?”
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Perrot, Adeline, and Ruth Horn. "Ethical Issues Relating to Prenatal Genetic Testing." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (September 9, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.93.

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"Introduction: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a rapidly developing genomic technology that is constantly widening its scope and opening up new possibilities in reproductive medicine. Ten years after NIPT has been made commercially available, it is increasingly entering routine antenatal care as either a first- or second-tier test. In England, France and Germany, for example, NIPT has been made available free-of-charge as a second-tier test to women with a higher chance of common chromosomal anomalies. The clinical implementation of NIPT carries benefits but also raises important ethical questions. Our project analyses these questions within their specific contexts in England, France and Germany. Methods: As part of a wider research project, which will involve qualitative methods, we conducted a document analysis to compare arguments about, and regulations governing NIPT in the three countries in: law and policy document; public reports; medical press; academic literature; and media. Results: Despite the similarities between the three countries to offer NIPT as a second-tier screening tool, they exhibit differences with regard to their public discourses about prenatal genomics, screening policies, the risk-thresholds they use, professional regulations and laws. These differences have an impact on the way ethical issues emerge, and questions about the meaning of health, illness and disability, the scope of public health interventions, social inclusion and exclusion as well as reproductive choice are approached in each country. "
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Alpers, Philip, and Reece Walters. "Firearms Theft in New Zealand — Lessons for Crime and Injury Prevention." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 31, no. 1 (April 1998): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589803100107.

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In New Zealand, 200,000licensed shooters (5.5% of the population) own an estimated 1 million firearms, 9 times more guns per capita than in England and Wales and 20% more than in Australia. Based on a 3 year study of firearm theft in New Zealand, this paper concludes that insecure storage of lawfully held weapons by licensed owners poses a significant public health and safety risk. Furthermore, this paper concludes that the failure of the police to enforce New Zealand gun security laws, and the government's hesitancy to develop firearm education and regulation policies, exacerbates insecure firearm storage, a key factor in firearm-related theft, injury, suicide, violence and criminal activity.
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Noonan-Gunning, Sharon, Kate Lewis, Lynne Kennedy, Jessica Swann, GursimranKaur Arora, and Regina Keith. "Is England's public health nutrition system in crisis? A qualitative analysis of the capacity to feed all in need during the COVID-19 pandemic." World Nutrition 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.202112283-103.

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Methodology: An exploratory methodology was adopted to examine experiences relating to capability and capacity among formal and informal helpers within the PHN domain. An online survey, mainly open-ended questions, was used to capture experiences over the period 2010 - 2020. A mixed sampling strategy, including snowball and convenience sampling, via social media and social network contact-sharing approaches, was adopted. Data was analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: A total of 89 participants representing the PHN system in England were recruited over two months. Three main themes and eight sub-themes were identified. The first reflected unequivocal accounts of the impact of austerity and the inability of PHN services to meet demand for food security. The second articulated capacity and capability issues within the system, with geographical variations in service delivery, and a lack of connectivity between central, local government, and third sector providers. These were attributed to widening nutrition and health inequalities. Participants felt that the government needed to invest more technical and financial resources to support public health nutrition. They also felt that schools could play a larger role at local level, but there was a need for a clear national recovery plan, setting out a comprehensive and fully supported national strategy to eradicate food insecurity in England Conclusions: Further in-depth research is needed to continue to track the impact of recovery strategies on food insecure people and the capacity of the PHN system. Urgent investment in the capacity and coordination of PHN services is needed to support food insecure people in England. The UK could include the ratification of the right to food in national laws, in line with global commitments already agreed to by the UK State Party.
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Watson, Fiona, Anna Taylor, Mike Rayner, Tim Lobstein, and Robin Hinks. "Priority actions for addressing the obesity epidemic in England." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 5 (December 13, 2017): 1002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003500.

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AbstractObjectiveTo prioritise policy actions for government to improve the food environment and contribute to reduced obesity and related diseases.DesignCross-sectional study applying the Food Environment Policy Index (Food EPI) in two stages. First, the evidence on all relevant policies was compiled, through an Internet search of government documents, and reviewed for accuracy and completeness by government officials. Second, independent experts were brought together to identify critical gaps and prioritise actions to fill those gaps, through a two-stage rating process.SettingEngland.SubjectsA total of seventy-three independent experts from forty-one organisations were involved in the exercise.ResultsThe top priority policy actions for government identified were: (i) control the advertising of unhealthy foods to children; (ii) implement the levy on sugary drinks; (iii) reduce the sugar, fat and salt content in processed foods (leading to an energy reduction); (iv) monitor school and nursery food standards; (v) prioritise health and the environment in the 25-year Food and Farming Plan; (vi) adopt a national food action plan; (vii) monitor the food environment; (viii) apply buying standards to all public institutions; (ix) strengthen planning laws to discourage less healthy food offers; and (x) evaluate food-related programmes and policies.ConclusionsApplying the Food EPI resulted in agreement on the ten priority actions required to improve the food environment. The Food EPI has proved to be a useful tool in developing consensus for action to address the obesity epidemic among a broad group of experts in a complex legislative environment.
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Brown, Penelope. "Unfitness to plead in England and Wales: Historical development and contemporary dilemmas." Medicine, Science and the Law 59, no. 3 (June 15, 2019): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802419856761.

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Fitness to plead refers to a criminal defendant’s ability to participate at trial. The purpose of fitness-to-plead laws is to protect the rights of vulnerable individuals who are unable to defend themselves in court and to preserve natural justice in the legal system while balancing the needs to see justice served and protection of the public. Early legal systems treated mentally disordered defendants with leniency, but over time those found unfit to plead have been subjected to indefinite incarceration, breaching their right to liberty while protecting their right to a fair trial. Conversely, the threshold for being found unfit is high, and there are concerns that many unfit defendants are being unfairly subjected to trial. The approaches to balancing the competing demands have changed over time and have led to confusing and contradictory practices. In order to understand better how and why the current problems have come to exist, this paper analyses the historical development of the legal framework for fitness to plead from Medieval England to the turn of the 21st century. It isolates core dilemmas: (a) what the normative standard of fitness to plead is and whether the current test for determining fitness adequately reflects this standard; (b) whether fitness to plead should be disability neutral or whether unfitness requires the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis; and (c) how the courts should deal with those found unfit to plead, including insuring against the deprivation of liberty of innocents while ensuring the public are adequately protected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public health laws – England"

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Hopkins, Renee Anderson. "The Public Health Movement in Victorian England, 1831-1875." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501199/.

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In early Victorian England, a coalition of men of Government and the local community established a centralized and uniform policy toward public health. The long and arduous campaign (1831-1875) for public health impelled the need to solve the serious social, political and economic problems spawned by the Industrial Revolution. This study concludes that Britain's leaders came to believe that Government indeed had an obligation to redress grievances created by injustice, a decision which meant the rejection of laissez-faire. Through legislation based on long study, Parliament consolidated the work of sanitation authorities, trained medical officers, and essential environmental improvements. The public sanitation program soon decreased the mortality rate by breaking the frequent cycle of cholera, typhoid, typhus, and dysentery plagues, all this notwithstanding that no doctor of that age knew that bacteria and viruses caused disease.
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Greenwood, Dona. "Measures of malnutrition in England." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804888/.

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Wirrmann, Erica. "Talking about 'public health' : an exploration of the public health roles of primary care practitioners in England." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424590.

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The British Government, since 1997, have placed a strong emphasis on public health and the reduction of health inequalities. Alongside this, they have progressed a major reform of the NHS which aims to 'shift the balance of power' to the frontline. Primary care is an increasingly important aspect of the Government's new agenda, which aims to improve health for everyone, and for the worst off in particular. This thesis identifies general practice, and the core practitioners that work within it, as key potential contributors to a public health agenda. But 'public health' is a conceptually contested terrain, and as a concept, can be understood and interpreted in a myriad of ways. The impact of this lack of shared understanding is explored both for policy making and implementation, and for the development of public health practice in primary care. This research brings together public health and primary care literatures in order to illuminate the historical and organisational contexts within which current developments are taking place. It critically analyses the public health discourse of New Labour policy documents in order to explore the ways in which 'public health' is understood and talked about within recent government policy, and the government's expectations of primary care practitioners, in terms of their public health roles. Finally, the research draws on case study material from one (pre-2002) health authority area in England to examine practitioners' understandings of public health, and their perceptions of their public health roles. Using Wenger's (1998a) social theory of learning as a framework, it looks at the organisational and wider contexts in which practitioners work, and explores how varied and unclear understandings of public health, both in policy and practice, might be affecting practitioners' engagement with public health. The study highlights the dangers of vagueness surrounding the term public health, and finds a tendency both in policy and practice to regard it as a set of activities, rather than as an approach to work. Its malleability means that it can be interpreted both in a politically acceptable way, and in a way that fits within existing practice. Thus, as a concept, it loses its radical edge and is no longer something that challenges or guides policy and practice. The research finds that the ways in which practitioners interpret public health can contribute to their non-engagement in the public health agenda. This is not helped by conflicts within policy which threaten the development of stronger public health roles within general practices. The thesis concludes by recommending the development of shared understandings of public health, particularly as a valuedriven approach to work, rather than as a set of activities.
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Jayes, L. R. "Smoking and smoke-free policy in prisons in England." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46479/.

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Background Awareness of the harmful effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) has led governments in the United Kingdom (UK) and many other countries to introduce smoke-free legislation in almost all enclosed work and public places. Her Majesty’s (HM) Prison Service, which currently holds over 85,000 offenders among whom the prevalence of smoking is high, was granted one of few exemptions from the 2007 smoke-free legislation in England, which allowed prisoners to smoke in their cells. This continued smoking impacts not only on the health of the individual smoker but also, through SHS exposure, on other smokers and non-smokers who live or work in the prison. However there is limited research evidence on levels of SHS in prison; how the current Prison Service Instruction (PSI) 09/2007 relating to smoking restrictions in prisons in England operates in practice and protects staff members and prisoners from SHS; or how feasible, acceptable or successful the extension of smoke-free policies to all areas of the prison are likely to be in preventing further exposure. Methods This thesis employs both quantitative and qualitative methods in a pragmatic mixed-methods design to investigate smoking and smoke-free policy in prisons in England. Initially, the concentrations of airborne particulate matter < 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) were measured, as a proxy measure for SHS, in four English prisons. Samples were taken on wing landings and in smoking and non-smoking cells; and by ambient monitoring as a measure of personal exposure of staff working in these settings. Staff members who participated in this air quality monitoring study were then followed up to complete a one-to-one semi-structured qualitative interview exploring their views on smoking in prison and exposure to SHS, considering how the current PSI worked in practice, and the potential move to a smoke-free prison estate. A proposal to pilot test smoke-free policy in four prisons in England was announced shortly after, and in large part as a result of the findings of these first studies. A mixed methods evaluation of the new smoke-free policy was then conducted at all four sites, involving prisoner and staff questionnaires and focus groups, and air quality monitoring (sampling concentration of PM2.5 on wing landings) three months before and three months after the policy implementation date. Questionnaires and focus groups pre-policy were used to establish current smoking prevalence, investigate smoking practices and identify perceived problems and concerns regarding the move towards a smoke-free policy. Post-policy these methods were used to explore the impact of the smoke-free policy, views on its implementation alongside consideration of how it could be improved in the future. Concentrations of PM2.5 were used to determine whether going smoke-free reduced levels of SHS exposure. Results Initial air quality monitoring measured PM2.5 concentrations from 48 static locations and personal monitoring of 22 staff members. Arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher on landings where smoking was permitted in cells compared to completely non-smoking wings. Concentrations of PM2.5 on landings where smoking was permitted in cells often exceeding the World Health Organisation (WHO) upper air quality guidance limit for a 24 hour period. During personal monitoring of staff members, some of the highest concentrations of PM2.5 were recorded during duties such as locking or unlocking cells, handing out mail and cell searching. Qualitative interviews with prison officers who took part in air quality monitoring reinforced these air quality monitoring findings, confirming the times of the day and duties undertaken where they felt most at risk from SHS. Prison officers outlined how the current PSI was often unworkable day-to-day, conceding that prisoners would often ignore the smoking restrictions in place. In the evaluation of the first four pilot sites to go smoke-free in England, findings prior to the implementation reported 65% smoking prevalence amongst prisoners, and highlighted widespread concerns among staff members and prisoners that going smoke-free would lead to an increase in disorder, self-harm, drug use and trading of tobacco. After the introduction of the policy, prisoners reported an increase in disorder and drug use, but staff reports suggested that concerns were predominantly unfounded. Post-policy, 60% of smoking prisoners reported using some form of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) in an attempt to cut down or quit in advance of policy implementation, but many reported difficulty accessing cessation support, and found the electronic cigarettes purchased as a substitute for smoking unsatisfactory. Support for the future introduction of the smoke-free policy throughout the rest of the English prison estate was much higher among staff members (70%) than prisoners (23%). Only a quarter of former smoking prisoners stated that they would remain smoke-free once released or transferred to a smoking establishment. Prisoners and staff reported positive outcomes from the smoke-free policy, both reporting a cleaner and healthier environment to life and work. There was a 69% median and a 66% mean reduction in PM2.5 concentrations three months after smoke-free policy was introduced, compared to the same samples taken three months pre-policy, and these reductions were highly statistically significant in all four prisons (p < 0.001). Unintended consequences of the smoke-free policy included smoking alternative substances (such as the contents of NRT patches, tea leaves and lawn grass), the creation of a tobacco black market and related bullying and debt, and the smuggling of tobacco. Conclusions Smoking in prisons in England is a source of high SHS exposure for both staff and prisoners, and the current PSI allowing prisoners to smoke in their cells does not protect other prisoners or staff from SHS exposure. Introducing a comprehensive smoke-free policy in four prisons in England proved successful, achieving marked reductions in tobacco use, improved indoor air quality, and healthier living and working conditions. There are however lessons for wider implementation, particularly in relation to setting clear timelines, ensuring that prisoners can access cessation services in advance of policy implementation, consideration of electronic cigarette available, and other unintended factors. Where possible, these factors need to be addressed to safeguard the future successful implementation throughout the rest of the English prison estate.
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Anderson, Evan D. "The Relationship Between Laws Regulating Use of Mobile Communication Devices by Young Drivers and Crash Fatalities." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/309849.

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Public Health
Ph.D.
The use of mobile communication devices (MCDs) by drivers is a significant public health problem. Research suggests that MCD use plays a role in almost 400,000 traffic crashes each year, resulting in over 3,000 deaths (NHTSA, 2013). Drivers using an MCD are as much as four times more likely to crash as other motorists (Redelmeier & Tibshirani, 1997). Since 2001 forty-eight states have adopted one or more laws aimed at reducing the use of MCDs by drivers, many of which have been strengthened through subsequent amendments. Evaluations have yielded a mixed picture of their effectiveness (Braitman & McCartt, 2010; Highway Loss Data Institute, 2010; McCartt & Geary, 2004; McCartt, Hellinga, Strouse, & Farmer, 2010). Existing studies, however, have been limited by various design features. This study employs time-series methods to explore whether laws prohibiting use of MCDs by young drivers effectively reduce crash fatalities. The quasi-experimental design relies on an identification strategy that is common in empirical legal studies but has not yet been applied to laws regulating driver MCD use. The implementation of the identification strategy leverages the developing concept of legal epidemiology. Four state laws are ultimately evaluated. The primary analytic approach is difference-in-difference. In two of the four instances, there is some evidence suggesting a protective effect could be attributed to the law. However, this evidence was limited and differed in relation to specification choices. These findings cast doubt on some fifty state panel analyses that have suggested that laws are effectively decreasing MCD use and associated harms.
Temple University--Theses
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Macy, Jonathan T. "The impact of tobacco control policy on smoking-related attitudes and behaviors a study of smoke-free air laws in Texas cities /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3386700.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 22, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: B, page: 7516. Adviser: Susan E. Middlestadt.
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Newbold, Edward John. "The geography of poor relief expenditure in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century rural Oxfordshire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5d69649-330d-4c60-998b-41d0969a5c3c.

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This thesis aims to explore the relationship between the geographies of law, society, economy and the physical environment in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century rural England. It uses as its exploring ground the operation of the Old Poor Law in rural Oxfordshire. This county was chosen because it was both a microcosm of the farming landscape of Southern England and was one of the counties where the problem of poor relief was most acutely felt. Chapter 1 establishes that the mapping out of spatial diversity, and the consideration of the forces moulding it, is fundamental to an understanding of the functioning of the Old Poor Law. Chapter 2 uses data contained in the parliamentary returns to demonstrate some clear regional differences in the level of poor relief and the chronology of change. Chapters 3 and 4 show that these regional averages and trends do not make intelligible the kaleidoscopic welter of local variations indicated by a closer examination of parish records. Chapters 5 and 6 consider poor relief expenditure in four parishes: Cropredy, Pyrton, Spelsbury and Stoke Lyne. These show that differences in the level of poor relief expenditure cannot automatically be taken to indicate variations in the level of what we might think of as unemployment or poverty. The generosity of disbursements, and therefore the real incomes of the poor, could also vary markedly between parishes. Thus, the Old Poor Law cannot be detached from the particular places in which it acquired its meaning and saliency. Its impact upon the daily lives of ratepayers, administrators and recipient can be established and the poor treated as individuals rather than as abstract units of labour.
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Coelho, Thiago. "Citizens policing the police an evaluation of citizens recording police officer and wiretapping laws." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/833.

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The focus of this thesis is to explore the legality, the issues, and the remedy to a controversial statute in the State of Illinois. This thesis will explain how the First Amendment relates to the Illinois statute and its desire of a citizen is right to report information that is not being granted. Moreover, this paper will further go into a recent legislative bill to amend the Illinois statute, its failure, the media surrounding the issue, and the consequences of amending or not amending the statute. It will further review state law in regard to citizens recording police officers, and explain how some states deal with the statute.
B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Vinci, Karen K. "All state adoption laws should be mandated at the federal level." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/333.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Chakir, Anass. "The Laws of War and the Post 9/11 World." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1218.

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Books on the topic "Public health laws – England"

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England. London: Butterworth, 1985.

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England. London: Butterworth, 1985.

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 2000.

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 2000.

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. 4th ed. London: Butterworth, 2004.

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. 4th ed. London: Butterworths., 1989.

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 2000.

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McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 1985.

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 1997.

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Britain, Great. Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. London: Butterworths, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Public health laws – England"

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Ransom, Montrece, Emely Sanchez, and Molly Berkery. "Public Health Law." In Laws of Medicine, 71–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08162-0_5.

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Wallace, Deborah, and Rodrick Wallace. "RTW Laws and Public Health." In Right-to-Work Laws and the Crumbling of American Public Health, 131–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72784-4_12.

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Lopez, Russell. "Housing Laws, Zoning, and Building Codes." In Building American Public Health, 47–66. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137002440_4.

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Kemm, John. "Control of Availability: Licensing Laws." In Alcohol and the Public Health, 79–94. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21280-4_6.

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Vale-Nieves, Abel. "Puerto Rico’s Karst Protection—Beyond the Laws and Regulations." In Karst Groundwater Contamination and Public Health, 51–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51070-5_6.

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Rose, Diana Susan. "History of Patient and Public Involvement in England." In The Politics of Mental Health and Illness, 65–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07551-3_3.

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Leyland, Alastair H., and Peter P. Groenewegen. "Multilevel Linear Regression Using MLwiN: Mortality in England and Wales, 1979–1992." In Multilevel Modelling for Public Health and Health Services Research, 173–254. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34801-4_11.

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Richards, Edward P. "The Historical Background for Mandatory Reporting Laws in Public Health." In Mandatory Reporting Laws and the Identification of Severe Child Abuse and Neglect, 105–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9685-9_6.

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Vardhan, Ranjay. "Crime and Abuse Against Elderly Women in India: Laws, Policies, and Need for Intervention." In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy, 1–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_67-1.

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Le, Van Anh. "The Development of Compulsory Licensing in International Patent Laws." In Compulsory Patent Licensing and Access to Medicines: A Silver Bullet Approach to Public Health?, 51–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84193-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Public health laws – England"

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Perrotta, Daniela, Dario Delle Vedove, Chinelo Obi, Richard Pebody, Rossano Schifanella, and Daniela Paolotti. "Spatio-temporal Analysis of Flu-related Drugs Uptake in an Online Cohort in England." In DPH2019: 9th International Digital Public Health Conference (2019). New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3357729.3357739.

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Quigg, Zara, Hannah Timpson, Nadia Butler, Matthew Millings, and Rebecca Harrison. "7E.004 Violence reduction units: public health approach to preventing violence (England and Wales)." In Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.181.

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Chiuri, K., V. Beral, S. Sweetland, and I. Barnes. "OP03 Factors associated with non-attendance for cervical screening in England." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.3.

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Buckner, S., A. Barnes, H. Jordan, C. Lee, C. Mattocks, E. Oliver, D. Pope, and L. Lafortune. "P93 Ageing well in rural communities: the contribution of neighbourhood planning in England." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.185.

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McCarthy, E., and E. Murphy. "1102 Audit of referrals from occupational health service to public health england national surveillance scheme for occupational exposure to significant bbv." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.965.

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Lai, ETC, D. Taylor-Robinson, and DL Bennett. "RF26 Quantifying inequalities in looked after children in england." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.141.

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Gloria, Chrismatovanie. "Compliance with Complete Filling of Patient's Medical Record at Hospital: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.29.

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ABSTRACT Background: The health information system, especially medical records in hospitals must be carried out accurately and completely. Medical records are important as evidence for the courts, education, research, and policy makers. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the compliance with completeness of filling patient’s medical re­cords at hospitals. Subjects and Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching from Pro­Quest, Scopus, and National journals using keywords medical records, filling of medical records, and non- compliance filling medical records. The abstracts and full-text arti­cles published between 2014 to 2019 were selected for this review. A total of 62,355 arti­cles were conducted screening of eligibility criteria. The data were reported using PRIS­MA flow chart. Results: Eleven articles consisting of eight articles using observational studies and three articles using experimental studies met the eligible criteria. There were two articles analyzed systematically from the United States and India, two articles reviewed literature from the United States and England, and seven articles were analyzed statis­tically from Indonesia, America, Australia, and Europe. Six articles showed the sig­nificant results of the factors affecting non-compliance on the medical records filling at the Hospitals. Conclusion: Non-compliance with medical record filling was found in the hospitals under study. Health professionals are suggested to fill out the medical record com­pletely. The hos­pital should enforce compliance with complete medical record fill­ing by health professionals. Keywords: medical record, compliance, hospital Correspondence: Chrismatovanie Gloria. Hospital Administration Department, Faculty Of Public Health, Uni­­ver­sitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: chrismatovaniegloria@gmail.com. Mo­­­­bi­le: +628132116­1896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.29
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Johnson, R., GJ Melendez-Torres, G. Currie, P. Bradley, and O. Oyebode. "P69 Examining strategies to increase knowledge mobilisation between public health england and key stakeholders: a mixed methods study." In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.170.

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Huang, YT, A. Steptoe, L. Wei, and P. Zaninotto. "P01 Polypharmacy as a risk factor for all-cause mortality among older people in England." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.97.

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Wulandari, Hanny, and Dwi Ernawati. "Effect of Early Menarche on Reproductive Health: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.26.

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Background: Teenagers aged 15-19 encounter a disproportionate burden of adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The urgent ongoing efforts are needed to lead healthy, safe, and productive lives of teenage girls. This scoping review aimed to identify the association of early menarche with negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, EBSCO, and Wiley databases. The keywords were “effect” OR “outcomes” AND “menarche” OR “menstruation” OR “menstrua” OR “menses” OR “early menarche” AND “reproductive health” OR “sexual reproducti” AND “sexual behavior” OR “sexual debut” OR “sexual partners” OR “unsafe sex” OR “unprotected sex”. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 116 full text articles was obtained. After the review process, nine articles were eligible. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Four articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Malawi, Philippine) and five articles from developed countries (France, United States of America, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with cross-sectional and cohort design studies. The existing literature showed that early menarche was associated with sexual and reproductive health (early sexual initiation, low use of contraception), sexually transmitted diseases (genital herpes, HIV), and other factors (income, education level, sexual desire). Conclusion: Early age at menarche may contribute to the increase vulnerability of girls into negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Quality comprehensive sexual education may improve the sexual and reproductive health and well-being of adolescents. Keywords: early menarche, reproductive health, adolescent females Correspondence: Hanny Wulandari. Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ringroad Barat No.63, Mlangi Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55592. Email: hannywulandari11@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281249747223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.26
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Reports on the topic "Public health laws – England"

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Stoye, George, Elaine Kelly, and Marcos Vera-Hernandez. Public hospital spending in England: evidence from National Health Service administrative records. Institute for Fiscal Studies, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2015.1521.

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Dave, Dhaval, Yang Liang, Michael Pesko, Serena Phillips, and Joseph Sabia. Have Recreational Marijuana Laws Undermined Public Health Progress on Adult Tobacco Use? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29706.

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Burkett, Tonia. Black Women's Health: A Content Analysis of the Journal of the American Medical Association, the American Journal of Public Health, and the New England Journal of Medicine (1989-1998). Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3037.

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Schattman, Rachel, Vern Grubinger, Lisa McKaeg, and Katie Nelson. Whole Farm Water Use: A Survey of Vegetable Producers in New England States | 2018. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6938606.ch.

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Produce safety and climate change are two overlapping risks that face vegetable producers in the northeastern United States. Because of recent public health outbreaks (and subsequent litigation) traced back to fresh produce, food safety hazard identification and risk mitigation has become the focus of significant regulatory changes in the United States (FDA 2015)
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Bailey, Moriah, Stephanie Bernard, Amanda Brown, and Bruce Donald. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Home Rule State Law Fact Sheet. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122714.

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This Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Home Rule State Law Fact Sheet discusses the collection of laws related to local government autonomy to establish and fund local EMS for five US states: Alabama, California, Georgia, Massachusetts, and Ohio. This fact sheet walks through the types of state laws analyzed by public health attorneys between January 2021 and January 2022.
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Blackham, Alysia. Addressing Age Discrimination in Employment: a report on the findings of Australian Research Council Project DE170100228. University of Melbourne, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124368.

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This project aimed to research the effectiveness of Australian age discrimination laws. While demographic ageing necessitates extending working lives, few question the effectiveness of Australian age discrimination laws in supporting this ambition. This project drew on mixed methods and comparative UK experiences to offer empirical and theoretical insights into Australian age discrimination law. It sought to create a normative model for legal reform in Australia, to inform public policy and debate and improve responses to demographic ageing, providing economic, health and social benefits.
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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.

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Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
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SUN, JUNJIANG, GUOPING QIAN, Shuqi Yue, and Anna szumilewicz. Factors influencing physical activity in pregnant women from the perspective of a socio-ecological model: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0073.

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Review question / Objective: The main aim of this review is to analyse the impact factors of material physical activity in an ecological model and to analyse differences in influencing factors between pregnant women's PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) , provide a reference for the research, intervention, and policy designation of maternal physical activity. Rationale: In combination with McLeroy et al. (1988)behavior is viewed as being determined by the following: (1) Personal level: the internal factors of the individual characteristics,(sociodemographic and biological, behavior, psychological ); (2) interpersonal level: interpersonal processes and primary groups-formal and informal social network and social support systems,(eg: family、public, etc.); (3)organization level: social institutions with organizational characteristics, such as health services, gyms and may also include influences from health care providers and Physical activity consultant, etc.; (4) community level: relationships among organizations, institutions, and informal networks within defined boundaries，（eg： appropriate facilities、living environment, etc.); and finally (5) public policy level: local, state, and national laws and policies.
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Hart, Lucy. Understanding platform businesses in the food ecosystem. Food Standards Agency, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.puh821.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is responsible for public health in relation to food in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It makes sure that people can trust that the food they buy and eat is safe and is what it says it is. As part of this responsibility, the FSA works to understand the continuing evolution of the food landscape to identify opportunities to improve standards of food safety and/or authenticity. As well as any new or magnified risks from which consumers should be protected. One area that has evolved rapidly is that of digital platforms in the food and drink industry. Consumers are increasingly purchasing food via third party intermediaries, known as ‘aggregators’, from a range of vendors. Digital platforms remain a relatively new concept, with many launching in the past decade. As such, there has been a knowledge gap in government about how these platforms work and how they impact the landscape in which they operate.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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